Valid Names Results
Saissetia oleae oleae (Olivier, 1791) (Coccidae: Saissetia)Nomenclatural History
- Coccus oleae Olivier 1791: 95. Type data: FRANCE and ITALY: on olive, myrtle and Phillyrea. Syntypes, female, by subsequent designation accepted valid name Notes: Type material probably lost (Ben-Dov, 1993).
- Coccus palmae Haworth 1812: 307. Type data: ENGLAND: on palm.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Willia1957, 314). Notes: Type material lost (Williams, 1957).
- Coccus testudo Curtis 1843: 443. Type data: ENGLAND: in greenhouse on Brexia spinosa.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Abbotsford: Department of Entomology, Museum of Victoria, Victoria, Australia; junior synonym (discovered by Dougla1891c, 307).
- Chermes cycadis Boisduval 1867: 323. Type data: FRANCE: Paris, in greenhouse on Cycas.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Fernal1903b, 207). Notes: Type material lost.
- Chermes oleae (Olivier, 1791); Signoret 1869a: 862. change of combination Notes: Author incorrectly cited.
- Lecanium oleae; Signoret 1869: 862. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" as author.
- Lecanium testudo (Curtis, 1843); Signoret 1874a: 441. change of combination
- Lecanium palmae (Haworth, 1812); Douglas 1887b: 97. change of combination
- Bernardia oleae (Olivier, 1791); Marlatt 1892: 150. change of combination Notes: Author incorrectly cited.
- Neobernardia oleae (Olivier, 1791); Cockerell 1893d: 54. change of combination
- Neobernardia oleae; Cockerell 1893d: 54. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" as author.
- Lecanium cycadis (Boisduval, 1867); Green 1895: 232. change of combination
- Lecanium oleae testudo (Curtis, 1843); Cockerell 1896b: 331. change in status (level)
- Lecanium (Saissetia) palmae; Cockerell & Parrott 1899: 164. subsequent use
- Saissetia oleae; Cockerell 1901e: 31. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" as author.
- Coccus oleae Olivier, 1791; Kirkaldy 1902: 106. change of combination Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" as author.
- Saissetia palmae (Haworth, 1812); Fernald 1903b: 207. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; change of combination
- Coccus olea Olivier, 1791; Fernald 1903b: 205. misspelling of species epithet
- Saissetia oleae testudo; Fernald 1903b: 206. subsequent use
- Saissetia obae Rutherford, 1915; Rutherford 1915a: 112. misspelling of species epithet Notes: Author incorrectly cited.
- Saissetia obae; Rutherford 1915a: 112. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" as author.
- Lecanium oleae; Borg 1919: 31. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" as author.
- Lecanium pumilum Brain 1920a: 5. Type data: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province, Robertson, on a native shrub.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Pretoria: South African National Collection of Insects, South Africa; junior synonym (discovered by DeLott1958, 68).
- Saissetia (Lecanium) oleae; Hall 1922: 22. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" as author.
- Coccus oleo Olivier, 1791; Essig 1931: 139. misspelling of species epithet
- Coccus olio Olivier, 1791; Essig 1931: 139. misspelling of species epithet
- Saissetia oleoe (Olivier, 1791); Balachowsky 1932d: LVI. misspelling of species epithet
- Coccus pumilum (Brain, 1920); Munro & Fouché 1936: 87. change of combination
- Parasaissetia oleae (Olivier, 1791); Ezzat & Hussein 1969: 413. change of combination
- Parasaissetia oleae; Ezzat & Hussein 1969: 413. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" as author.
- Saissetia oleae (Olivier, 1791); De Lotto 1971a: 149. change of combination
- Saissetia oleas (Olivier, 1791); Quezada, Cornejo, Diaz de Mira & Hidalgo 1972: 14. misspelling of species epithet
- Saissetia oleae; Bartlett 1978: 67. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" author.
- Seissetia oleae; Franko & Passos de Carvalho 1991: 283. misspelling of genus name
- Saissetia olae (Olivier, 1791); Trindade, et al. 2016. misspelling of species epithet
- Sassietia oleae; Szita, et al. 2017: 468. misspelling of genus name
- Sissetia oleae; Al-Shami & Qureshi 2024: 2. misspelling of genus name
Common Names
- black scale BenDov1993 Gill1988 HamonWi1984 SmithBeBr1997
- Caparreta Lloren1990
- cochnilha-H CarvalAg1997
- cochnilha-negra CarvalAg1997
- conchuela negra del olivo RipaLaRo2008
- escama negra QuezadCoDi1972
- Lacochenille de l'olivier PicartMa2000
- Mediterranean black scale BenDov1993 DeLott1971b
- mediterranean black scale BenDov1993 DeLott1971b
- olive scale BenDov1993
- olive soft scale Bodenh1951a
- qenimat hazayit BenDov1993
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 81 | Genera: 232
- Acanthaceae
- Avicennia | HodgsoHi1990
- Avicennia marina | HodgsoHe2000 | ssp. australasica
- Hygrophila auriculata | Ali1971 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Hygrophila spinosa)
- Actinidiaceae
- Actinidia deliciosa | HodgsoHe2000
- Anacardiaceae
- Cyrtocarpa edulis | Ferris1921 | (= Tapirira edulis)
- Lannea coromandelica | Ali1971 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Lannea discolor | Hall1935 Hodgso1967
- Mangifera indica | Ali1971 KinjoNaHi1996
- Pistacia | Argyri1963
- Pistacia atlantica | BenDov1971
- Pistacia lentiscus | Balach1927 Balach1933e Borg1932 GomezM1954 GomezM1958b Marott1987
- Pistacia terebinthus | BenDov1971 Borg1932 | (= Pistacia palestina)
- Pistacia vera | Marott1987
- Schinus molle | GonzalLa1989 Marott1987
- Schinus polygama | GonzalLa1989
- Searsia glutinosa | DeLott1956a | ssp. abyssinica (= Rhus abyssinica)
- Annonaceae
- Annona | MilleHeCa2016
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus piceae | YousefVaEb2018
- Apiaceae
- Eryngium campestre | Marott1987
- Heteromorpha trifoliata | Hodgso1969a
- Apocynaceae
- Beaumontia grandiflora | Ballou1926
- Calotropis procera | Hall1923
- Carissa carandas | Mamet1943a
- Carissa macrocarpa | BenDov1971 | (= Carissa grandiflora)
- Nerium | Almeid1973b Balach1939 DeLott1965a HodgsoHi1990 Jansen1995
- Nerium indicum | Ali1971 Marott1987 TangLi1988 | (= Nerium odorum)
- Nerium oleander | Almeid1973b Balach1927 Balach1930 Balach1933e BenDov1971 DeLott1956a DeLott1965a Green1923b
- Plumeria rubra | Almeid1973b Mamet1943a | (= Plumeria acutifolia)
- Trachelospermum jasminoides | Marott1987
- Vinca major | CarnerPe1986
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex aquifolium | Marott1987
- Ilex canariensis | CarnerPe1986 Lindin1911a
- Ilex perado | CarnerPe1986 | (= Ilex platiphylla)
- Ilex rotunda | MartinLa2011 | ssp. microcarpa
- Ilex wilsonii | DeLott1965a
- Araceae
- Anthurium | Marott1987
- Monstera deliciosa | GoszczGo2011
- Philodendron | GoszczGo2011
- Araliaceae
- Aralia | HodgsoHe2000 Marott1987
- Fatsia japonica | PadillMaNa2016
- Pseudopanax | HodgsoHe2000
- Arecaceae
- Howea belmoreana | GomezM1958b | (= Kentia balmoreana)
- Howea forsteriana | MifsudMaRu2014
- Metroxylon | DeLott1965a
- Phoenix dactylifera | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Asparagaceae
- Agave | Balach1939
- Agave americana | CarnerPe1986 Lindin1911a
- Asparagus | GomezM1958b HodgsoHe2000
- Asparagus albus | Marott1987
- Asparagus aphyllus | BenDov1971
- Asparagus falcatus | GoszczGo2011
- Asparagus tenuifolius | Marott1987
- Cordyline | Marott1987
- Polianthes | HodgsoHi1990
- Yucca | Cocker1895x Jansen1995 Kozar1983a KozarFr1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Yucca gloriosa | Kozar1983
- Asphodelaceae
- Aloe | Willia1985b
- Aspleniaceae
- Asplenium | CarnerPe1986 Lindin1911a
- Asteraceae
- Argyranthemum frutescens | DeLott1956a | (= Chrysanthemum frutescens)
- Artemisia absinthium | Marott1987
- Artemisia argentea | Balach1939
- Baccharis | HodgsoHi1990
- Baccharis halimifolia | FriedBaGe2013 Marott1987
- Baccharis linearis | Marott1987 | (= Baccharis rosmarinifolia)
- Baccharis pilularis | Ferris1920b
- Baccharis salicifolia | GonzalLa1989
- Brachyglottis repanda | HodgsoHe2000
- Carduus pycnocephalus | Marott1987
- Carlina corymbosa | Marott1987
- Centaurea jacea | Marott1987
- Chrysanthemoides monilifera | DeLott1965a | (= Osteospermum moniliferum)
- Chrysanthemum | Ballou1926 BenDov1971
- Cynara cardunculus | Marott1987
- Dahlia | Mamet1943a
- Dubautia menziesii | Nakaha1981a | (= Raillardia menziesii)
- Erigeron | BenDov2012
- Galactites tomentosa | CarnerPe1986
- Grindelia glutinosa | Balach1927 | (= Inula glutinosa)
- Grindelia hirsutula | Ferris1920b | (= Grindelia cuneifolia)
- Helianthus annuus | Hall1923
- Olearia | DeLott1965a
- Olearia paniculata | HodgsoHe2000
- Osteospermum | DeLott1965a
- Ozothamnus leptophyllus | HodgsoHe2000
- Scolymus hispanicus | Marott1987
- Tagetes terniflora | Granar1999 | (= Tagetes cabrerae)
- Vernonia amygdalina | DeLott1956a
- Bignoniaceae
- Jacaranda mimosifolia | DeLott1956a Marott1987 | (= Jacaranda ovalifolia)
- Markhamia lutea | DeLott1956a | (= Markhamia platycalyx)
- Boraginaceae
- Carmona | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Cordia africana | DeLott1956a | (= Cordia abyssinica)
- Cordia angiocarpa | Ballou1926
- Cordia scabrifolia | Ballou1926
- Ehretia tinifolia | Marott1987
- Bruniaceae
- Berzelia lanuginosa | Durr1954
- Burseraceae
- Garuga pinnata | Marott1987 | (= Garuga piumata)
- Buxaceae
- Buxus sempervirens | BugajNJuKa2021
- Calophyllaceae
- Calophyllum inophyllum | Ali1971
- Campanulaceae
- Clermontia | Nakaha1981a
- Caricaceae
- Carica papaya | GomezM1958b
- Casuarinaceae
- Casuarina | MifsudMaRu2014
- Celastraceae
- Brexia madagascariensis | KozarzRe1975 | (= Brexia spinosa)
- Euonymus | DeLott1965a Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Euonymus japonicus | DeLott1965a
- Maytenus truncata | VitoriZaMa2013 | (= Maytenus ilicifolia)
- Cistaceae
- Cistus salviifolius | KozarFr1995
- Combretaceae
- Terminalia catappa | Ali1971 Mamet1959a
- Convolvulaceae
- Convolvulus floridus | CarnerPe1986 Lindin1911a
- Dichondra repens | HodgsoHe2000
- Crassulaceae
- Crassula | GomezM1957 GomezM1958b
- Crassula ovata | Marott1987 | (= Crassula portulacea)
- Kalanchoe | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Sedum | GomezM1958b
- Cucurbitaceae
- Cucurbita | BenDov2012
- Cucurbita pepo | HodgsoHe2000 NeumanODGu2014
- Cycadaceae
- Cycas | GomezM1965 HodgsoHe2000 HodgsoHi1990
- Cycas revoluta | Balach1927 BenDov1971 Borg1932 GomezM1958b Jansen1995
- Dennstaedtiaceae
- Pteridium esculentum | HodgsoHe2000
- Dilleniaceae
- Tetracera sarmentosa | Ali1971 | (= Dillenia sermentosa)
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros kaki | Ballou1926 Marott1987
- Ericaceae
- Agauria salicifolia | Hodgso1969a
- Arbutus unedo | Balach1931a
- Calluna | BugajNJuKa2021
- Calluna vulgaris | BugajNJuKa2021
- Erica arborea | Balach1930 Balach1933e DeLott1965a Lindin1911a
- Erica scoparia | Marott1987
- Vaccinium | Nakaha1981a
- Euphorbiaceae
- Acalypha | Hall1923 Hodgso1967
- Croton macrostachys | DeLott1956a
- Euphorbia pulcherrima | DeLott1956a TangLi1988 | (= Poinsettia)
- Hura crepitans | Newste1914
- Manihot esculenta | Almeid1969 Almeid1973b Mamet1943a | (= Manihot utilissima)
- Manihot palmata | GomezM1958b
- Ricinus communis | GomezM1958b
- Fabaceae
- Acacia | Hall1935
- Acacia koa | Nakaha1981a
- Acacia saligna | DeLott1956a | (= Acacia cyanophylla)
- Aeschynomene brasiliana | Ballou1926
- Albizia julibrissin | BatsanKaKi2017
- Bauhinia | Hall1922 Hall1924a Hall1935 Hodgso1967
- Brachystegia | Hall1935
- Cajanus cajan | Ali1971 Green1904d Hall1923 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Cajanus indicus)
- Cassia | Hall1935
- Cassia fistula | Ballou1926
- Ceratonia siliqua | UnalAyKa2016
- Cercis siliquastrum | Balach1927 GomezM1958b Marott1987
- Enterolobium cyclocarpum | Ballou1926
- Erythrina | Ali1971 Marott1987 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Erythrina abyssinica | Hall1935 | (= Erythrina tomentosa)
- Erythrina variegata | Green1904a | (= Erythrina lithosperma)
- Lotus berthelotii | CarnerPe1986 Lindin1911a | (= Lotus peliorhynchus)
- Senna bacillaris | Ballou1926 | (= Cassia hoffmannseggii)
- Senna pallida | Ballou1926 | (= Cassia biflora)
- Senna sulfurea | Ballou1926 | (= Cassia glauca)
- Sesbania | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Tamarindus | GomezM1958b Marott1987
- Tamarindus indica | ShafeeYoKh1989
- Ulex | GomezM1946 GomezM1958b
- Wisteria floribunda | DeLott1956a
- Geraniaceae
- Pelargonium zonale | Marott1987
- Hydrangeaceae
- Hydrangea | HodgsoHe2000
- Hydrangea macrophylla | GomezM1958b | (= Hydrangea hortensis)
- Juncaceae
- Juncus acuminatus | DeLott1965a
- Juncus littoralis | Bartle1960
- Lamiaceae
- Ballota hispanica | GomezM1957 GomezM1958b
- Callicarpa americana | Marott1987
- Callicarpa japonica | Marott1987
- Clerodendrum nutans | Ballou1926
- Rosmarinus officinalis | HodgsoHe2000 Marott1987
- Tectona grandis | Ali1971
- Vitex lucens | HodgsoHe2000
- Lauraceae
- Laurus nobilis | BenDov1971
- Persea americana | BenDov1971
- Lythraceae
- Punica granatum | BenDov1971 Borg1932 Mamet1943a
- Malvaceae
- Abutilon | Borg1932 DeLott1965a HodgsoHe2000
- Abutilon hirtum | Ferris1935 | (= Abutilon graveolens)
- Adansonia digitata | Ballou1926
- Alcea rosea | Hall1923 | (= Althaea rosea)
- Althaea | GomezM1958b
- Ceiba pentandra | Ballou1926
- Chiranthodendron pentadactylon | DeLott1965a | (= Chiranthodendron pentadactylon)
- Entelea arborescens | HodgsoHe2000
- Eriodendron | Cocker1896k
- Gossypium | Hall1935
- Gossypium herbaceum | Ali1971
- Grewia orientalis | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1937
- Hibiscus | Balach1939 Balach1957c Borg1932 HodgsoHe2000 Mamet1959a
- Hibiscus mutabilis | BenDov1971 | (= Hibiscus sinensis)
- Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | BenDov2012
- Hibiscus syriacus | BugajNJuKa2021
- Lagunaria patersonii | HodgsoHe2000
- Lavatera | HodgsoHe2000
- Malva sylvestris | KozarPaPa1991
- Plagianthus divaricatus | HodgsoHe2000
- Theobroma cacao | Potaev1993
- Thespesia | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Thespesia populnea | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1937
- Moraceae
- Ficus | Hall1924a Hall1935 Hodgso1967 HodgsoHi1990 Jansen1995 Mamet1959a Newste1910
- Ficus benjamina | KozarzRe1975
- Ficus carica | Bartle1960 DeLott1956a Granar1999 Hall1923 Lindin1911a ShafeeYoKh1989 | inc.var. adriaticus
- Ficus palmeri | Ferris1921
- Ficus pandurata | Ballou1926
- Ficus pumila | Ali1971
- Ficus religiosa | Ballou1926
- Ficus sycomorus | DeLott1956a Hall1923
- Ficus thonningii | DeLott1956a | (= Ficus dekdekena)
- Morus | GomezM1958b
- Musaceae
- Musa paradisiaca | MilleHeCa2016 | (= Musa sapientum)
- Myricaceae
- Morella serrata | Hodgso1969a
- Myrtaceae
- Eugenia | Ali1971
- Eugenia uniflora | HodgsoHe2000
- Melaleuca armillaris | GomezM1958b
- Myrtus | Borg1932
- Myrtus communis | GomezM1946 Balach1930 Balach1931a Lindin1911a Olivie1791 | ssp parvifolia,
- Psidium | Cocker1899n Kirkal1902
- Psidium guajava | Ali1971 BenDov1971 DeLott1956a Hall1922 Hall1924a Ramakr1930 Cocker1894c Mamet1959a ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Psidium pomiferum)
- Nephrolepidaceae
- Nephrolepis exaltata | Marott1987
- Oleaceae
- Fraxinus excelsior | FallahJa2017
- Jasminum fruticans | Argyri1963
- Nestegis lanceolata | HodgsoHe2000
- Olea | Argyri1967 Borg1932 Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995 RosenHaSa1971
- Olea capensis | BugajNJuKa2021 | (= Olea laurifolia)
- Olea europaea | Marott1987 Balach1927 Balach1931a Balach1933a Balach1933e Balach1935b DeLott1956a Olivie1791 |
- Osmanthus americanus | HamonWi1984
- Osmanthus heterophyllus | HamonWi1984
- Phillyrea | UlgentDo2019
- Phillyrea angustifolia | Balach1933e
- Phillyrea latifolia | Balach1930 | (= Phillyrea media)
- Orchidaceae
- Cymbidium | HodgsoHe2000
- Geodorum densiflorum | Marott1987
- Phalaenopsis | GoszczGo2011
- Phyllanthaceae
- Antidesma bunius | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1937
- Uapaca kirkiana | Hall1935 Hodgso1967
- Picrodendraceae
- Picrodendron | Green1907 Mamet1943a | (= Schmidelia)
- Pinaceae
- Pinus | DeLott1965a
- Piperaceae
- Piper | Argyri1963
- Pittosporaceae
- Pittosporum | Argyri1963 Balach1939 HodgsoHe2000
- Pittosporum tobira | GomezM1958b Marott1987
- Plantaginaceae
- Hebe elliptica | HodgsoHe2000
- Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora | GomezM1958b
- Veronica | GomezM1958b
- Poaceae
- Arundo donax | CarnerPe1986
- Polygalaceae
- Polygala sibirica | TangLi1988
- Polygonaceae
- Antigonon leptopus | EzzatHu1969
- Coccoloba uvifera | Beards1966c HamonWi1984
- Homalocladium platycladum | Marott1987 | (= Muehlenbeckia platyclada)
- Primulaceae
- Myrsine africana | Marott1987
- Myrsine australis | HodgsoHe2000
- Proteaceae
- Protea gaguedi | Hall1935 | (= Protea abyssinica)
- Pteridaceae
- Adiantum | CarnerPe1986 Lindin1911a
- Rhamnaceae
- Ceanothus | Ferris1920b
- Rhamnus crenulata | Lindin1911a
- Rhamnus oleoides | MifsudMaRu2014
- Rosaceae
- Cliffortia nitidula | Hodgso1969a
- Cotoneaster pannosus | BenDov1971
- Crataegus | Argyri1963
- Crataegus mexicana | PadillMaNa2016
- Crataegus monogyna | KozarPaPa1991
- Cydonia | DeLott1965a
- Eriobotrya japonica | BenDov1971
- Malus domestica | Argyri1963 | (= Pyrus malus)
- Malus prunifolia | Argyri1963
- Prunus | Argyri1963 Hall1924a
- Prunus armeniaca | Hall1923 Marott1987 | (= Armeniaca vulgaris)
- Prunus avium | Marott1987
- Prunus domestica | Hall1922
- Prunus persica | Argyri1963 Hodgso1969a Marott1987 | (= Persica vulgaris)
- Pyrus communis | Argyri1963 HodgsoHe2000
- Pyrus cordata | DeLott1965a | (= Pyrus longipes)
- Pyrus pyrifolia | HodgsoHe2000
- Rosa | HodgsoHe2000
- Rubiaceae
- Coffea | ShafeeYoKh1989
- Coffea arabica | Ali1971 BenDov1971 DeLott1956a
- Coprosma repens | HodgsoHe2000
- Faramea occidentalis | Ballou1926 | (= Faramea odoratissima)
- Gardenia jasminoides | Ali1971 | (= Gardenia florida)
- Ixora coccinea | TrindaNaMu2016
- Serissa | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Rutaceae
- Aegle marmelos | Ballou1926
- Atalantia citroides | Ballou1926
- Casimiroa edulis | DeLott1956a
- Choisya ternata | HodgsoHe2000
- Citropsis articulata | Ballou1926
- Citrus | Almeid1973b ArgyriMi1975 Balach1927 CarvalAg1997 DeLott1965a Rosen1967
- Citrus aurantium | BenDov1971 GomezM1958b PerezGCa1987
- Citrus hystrix | Ballou1926
- Citrus limon | DeLott1965a GomezM1958b
- Citrus lucida | Ballou1926 | (= Feroniella oblata)
- Citrus paradisi | BenDov1993
- Citrus reticulata | Granar1999
- Citrus sinensis | Ballou1926 Cocker1895x
- Clausena lansium | Ballou1926
- Rutaceae | DanzigKo1990
- Swinglea glutinosa | Ballou1926 | (= Chaetospermum glutinosa)
- Salicaceae
- Azara | Willia1985b
- Azara microphylla | GonzalLa1989
- Salix babylonica | Hall1923
- Santalaceae
- Korthalsella lindsayi | HenderSuRo2010
- Viscum album | DeLott1965a
- Viscum cruciatum | BenDov1971
- Sapindaceae
- Aesculus pavia | Marott1987
- Blighia sapida | Ballou1926
- Cupania juglandifolia | Ballou1926 | (= Cupania cubensis)
- Dimocarpus longan | Ali1971 Mamet1943a | (= Euphoria longana)
- Dodonaea | Marott1987 Nakaha1981a
- Exothea paniculata | Ballou1926
- Litchi chinensis | HodgsoHe2000 Mamet1943a
- Nephelium ramboutan-ake | Ali1971 Mamet1943a
- Sapotaceae
- Manilkara | Ali1971 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Sapota)
- Manilkara zapota | Ballou1926 | (= Achras sapota)
- Mimusops coriacea | Mamet1943a | (= Mimusops bojeri)
- Planchonella costata | HodgsoHe2000 | (= Pouteria costata)
- Sideroxylon lycioides | BugajNJuKa2021
- Scrophulariaceae
- Myoporum laetum | BenDov1971 HodgsoHe2000
- Myoporum montanum | Marott1987 | (= Myoporum punctulatum)
- Myoporum tenuifolium | Marott1987 | (= Myoporum pictum)
- Solanaceae
- Brunfelsia nitida | Ballou1926
- Solanum | Cocker1892a Ferris1920b
- Solanum aviculare | HodgsoHe2000
- Solanum tuberosum | BenDov2012
- Stilbaceae
- Halleria lucida | Marott1987
- Symplocaceae
- Symplocos paniculata | Marott1987
- Tamaricaceae
- Tamarix | HodgsoHi1990
- Tamarix africana | Marott1987
- Tamarix aphylla | Varshn1992 | (= Tamarix articulata
- Tamarix gallica | Marott1987
- Taxaceae
- Taxus baccata | KozarFr1995
- Theaceae
- Camellia sinensis | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Thelypteridaceae
- Pseudocyclosorus tylodes | ReddyKu2019 | (= Thelypteris tylodes)
- Verbenaceae
- Duranta | Green1904d
- Duranta erecta | Ali1971 Green1937 Marott1987 | (=Duranta plumieri, Duranta integrifolia)
- Verbena rigida | Marott1987
- Vitaceae
- Vitis vinifera | Argyri1963 Hall1923 Hall1924a Hall1935 HodgsoHe2000
Foes:
Families: 11 | Genera: 37
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus baldassarii | Comper1931b
- Coccophagus basalis | PradoMaCo2015
- Coccophagus bivittatus | MyartsRuCo2016
- Coccophagus brethesi | PradoMaCo2015
- Coccophagus capensis | Comper1961
- Coccophagus caridei | PradoMaCo2015
- Coccophagus ceroplastae | SmithCo1926 | (= Coccophagus modestus)
- Coccophagus eusaissetiae | AnneckMy1979a | (= Prococcophagus saissetiae)
- Coccophagus fallax | PradoMaCo2015
- Coccophagus lycimnia | Kennet1986 TenaBaGa2004
- Coccophagus mexicensis | MyartsRu2000
- Coccophagus ochraceus | MyartsRu2000
- Coccophagus oculatipennis | PradoMaCo2015
- Coccophagus pallidiceps | PradoMaCo2015
- Coccophagus probus | AnneckMy1979a | (= Prococcophagus probus)
- Coccophagus pulchellus | ArgyriStMo1976
- Coccophagus pulvinariae | Comper1931b | (= Coccophagus eritreaensis)
- Coccophagus quaestor | MyartsRuCo2016a
- Coccophagus rusti | Parede2019
- Coccophagus scutellaris | AbdRab2002b Kennet1986
- Coccophagus varius | AnneckMy1979a | (= Prococcophagus varius)
- Lounsburyia trifasciata | Comper1961
- Marietta caridei | AmouroCrCo2019
- Marietta mexicana | MyartsRu2000
- Coccinellidae
- Adalia decempunctata | ArgyriStMo1976
- Azya luteipes | MontilRa2016
- Chilocorus bipustulatus | ArgyriStMo1976
- Coccinella septempunctata | ArgyriStMo1976
- Cryptolaemus montrouzieri | MilleHeCa2016
- Exochomus flavipes | ArgyriStMo1976
- Exochomus quadripustulatus | ArgyriStMo1976
- Oenopia conglobata | ArgyriStMo1976
- Pharoscymnus pharoides | FallahJa2010
- Platynaspis luteorubra | ArgyriStMo1976
- Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata | Kacar2015
- Rhyzobius ventralis | Comper1961
- Scymnus frontalis | ArgyriStMo1976
- Scymnus fulvicollis | ArgyriStMo1976
- Scymnus subvillosus | ArgyriStMo1976
- Thalassa montezumae | GiovanMaSa2024
- Encyrtidae
- Aloencyrtus saissetiae | PradoMaCo2015
- Cheiloneurus inimicus | Kennet1986
- Cheiloneurus noxius | Kennet1986
- Diversinervus elegans | PradoMaCo2015
- Encyrtus aurantii | MifsudFsMa2012 Parede2019 | (= Encyrtus aurantii)
- Encyrtus infelix | MilleHeCa2016
- Gahaniella saissetiae | MyartsRuCo2016a
- Metaphycus anneckei | YustHo1942
- Metaphycus flavus | Blumbe1997
- Metaphycus hageni | YustHo1942
- Metaphycus helvolus | BasheeAsRa2014 Blumbe1997 BlumbeSw1977 Flande1953a
- Metaphycus lounsburyi | BlumbeSw1977 BlumbeSw1982 SmithCo1920 ViggiaPaTz1975 | (= Metaphycus bartletti)
- Metaphycus luteolus | Kennet1986
- Metaphycus stanleyi | AmouroCrCo2019
- Metaphycus swirskii | Blumbe1997 BlumbeSw1982
- Metaphycus zebratus | PriesnHo1940
- Microterys tricoloricornis | FallahJa2017
- Tremblaya oleae | PriesnHo1940
- Eupelmidae
- Eueupelmus | MontilRa2016
- Eupelmus coccidivorus | PradoMaCo2015
- Lecaniobius utilis | PradoMaCo2015
- Malvaceae
- Durio | Suh2023
- Noctuidae
- Coccidiphaga scitula | ArgyriStMo1976 MansouGrSu2016 | (= Eublemma scitula)
- Eublemma scitula | GaikwaKeKa2022
- Phlaeothripidae
- Karnyothrips flavipes | PriesnHo1940
- Pteromalidae
- Mesopeltita truncatipennis | PradoMaCo2015
- Scutellista caerulea | BadaryAb2011 Balach1930e MansouGrSu2016 ViggiaPaTz1975 PriesnHo1940 TenaBaGa2004 | (= Scutellista cyanea),(= Scutellista cyanea),
- Pyemotidae
- Pyemotes herfsi | TenaBaGa2004
- Signiphoridae
- Chartocerus niger | PradoMaCo2015
- Signiphora bifasciata | AmouroCrCo2019
- Tenebrionidae
- Berginus tamarisci | MansouGrSu2016
Associates:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Formicidae
- Crematogaster | MansouGrSu2016
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 105
- Algeria | Balach1927 DeLott1965a Mamet1943a
- Angola | Almeid1969 Almeid1973b
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Antigua | WalkerWaEv1974
- Argentina
- Buenos Aires | Granar1999
- Jujuy | Granar1999
- Mendoza | Granar1999
- Santa Fe | Granar1999
- Tucuman | GranarCl2003
- Armenia | BenDov1993
- Australia | DeLott1976 Frogga1915 Mamet1943a
- Austria | DeLott1965a
- Azerbaijan
- Azerbaijan SSR | BenDov1993
- Azores | CarvalFrAg1996 Fernan1981 LopesFiMa2008
- Balearic Islands
- Belgium | Malump2016
- Bermuda | HodgsoHi1990 HodgsoHi1991
- Bonin Islands (=Ogasawara-Gunto) | Kawai1987
- Brazil | Mamet1943a TrindaNaMu2016
- Minas Gerais | PradoMaCo2015
- Rio Grande do Sul | PerronEdEn2014
- Sao Paulo | AlmeidPeMa2018
- Bulgaria | KozarTzVi1979 TrenchTo2014
- Cameroon | BenDov1993
- Canary Islands | GomezM1967O Lindin1911a PerezGCa1987
- Chile | DeLott1976 DuranCo1941 GonzalLa1989 KondoGu2010 RipaLaRo2008
- Coquimbo | PizarrAlBa2020
- China
- Hunan | HuHeWa1992
- Nei Monggol (=Inner Mongolia) | LongoMaPe1995
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | MartinLa2011
- Xizang (=Tibet) | HuHeWa1992
- Christmas Island | AbbottGr2007
- Colombia | Kondo2001
- Comoros | BenDov1993
- Corsica | Foldi2003 Mamet1943a
- Cote d'Ivoire (=Ivory Coast) | BenDov1993
- Crete | Ayouta1940 PellizPoSe2011
- Croatia | Masten2007
- Cuba | Ballou1926
- Cyprus | DeLott1965a SismanUl2010
- Denmark | BenDov1993
- Egypt | EzzatHu1969 Hall1922 Hall1923 Hall1924a Mamet1943a
- El Salvador | QuezadCoDi1972
- Eritrea | DeLott1956a
- Ethiopia | DeLott1959
- France | Balach1930 Balach1931a Balach1933a Balach1933e Balach1939 DeLott1965a
- French Polynesia
- Society Islands | DoaneHa1909 Ferris1935
- Georgia (Republic of) | YasnosTaCh2005
- Greece | Argyri1963 Argyri1967 Argyri1983 ArgyriMi1975 Kozar1985 KozarPaPa1991 SzitaFeBe2017
- Guadeloupe | Balach1957c MatileEt2006
- Guatemala | DeLott1971b Willia2010
- Guiana | Remill1988
- Haiti | PerezG2008
- Hawaiian Islands
- Hawaii | Kirkal1902 Kirkal1904 Mamet1943a
- Hungary | KozarKoFe2013
- India | Ali1971 Mamet1943a Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Assam | Ali1971
- Karnataka | PrakasPa2015
- Indonesia
- Java | Green1904a
- Iran | Ahmad1975 Kaussa1957
- Israel | BenDov1993 Bodenh1924 RosenHaSa1971
- Italy | DeLott1965a Hodgso1994a LongoMaPe1995
- Sicily | Liotta1970
- Jamaica | Cocker1892a Kirkal1902
- Japan | Mamet1943a
- Kenya | DeLott1956a Newste1910
- Latvia | Stalaz2021
- Libya | BenDov1993
- Lord Howe Island | WilliaWa1990
- Madagascar | Mamet1959a
- Madeira Islands | CarvalAg1997 CarvalFrAg1996 Green1923b
- Malawi | Hodgso1969a
- Malaysia | Ali1971
- Malta | Borg1932 HaberMi2007 MifsudMaRu2014
- Marcus Island | Mamet1943a
- Marshall Islands | BenDov1993
- Martinique | MatileEt2006
- Mauritius | Mamet1943a
- Mexico | Bartle1960 Cocker1899n DeLott1971b Mamet1943a
- Baja California Norte | Ferris1921
- Chihuahua | PadillMaNa2016
- Michoacan | PadillMaNa2016
- Morelos | PadillMaNa2016
- Nayarit | PadillMaNa2016
- Nuevo Leon | PadillMaNa2016
- San Luis Potosi |
- Sinaloa | PadillMaNa2016
- Sonora | PadillMaNa2016
- Tamaulipas | PadillMaNa2016
- Veracruz | PadillMaNa2016
- Morocco | Balach1927 Mamet1943a Rungs1970 Vayssi1920
- Netherlands | Jansen1995
- New Caledonia | WilliaWa1990
- New Zealand | Green1929 HenderSuRo2010 HodgsoHe2000 Kirkal1902 Mamet1943a | Willia2013
- Three Kings Islands | HodgsoHe2000
- Norfolk Island | WilliaWa1990
- Northern Mariana Islands | BenDov1993
- Pakistan | BenDov1993 Varshn1992
- Palau | Mamet1943a
- Panama | Cocker1899n
- Peru | AguilaSaNu1980a
- Philippines | Mamet1943a
- Poland | LagowsGo2020
- Portugal | CarvalFrAg1996 DeLott1965a KozarFr1995
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | Martor1976 NakahaMi1981
- Romania | Savesc1982 Teodor2018
- Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) | KinjoNaHi1996
- Saint Lucia | Malump2012b
- Sardinia | Melis1930 Pelliz2011
- Saudi Arabia | BenDov1993
- Senegal | EtiennMa1993
- Seychelles
- Aldabra Island | Green1907 Mamet1943a WilliaMa2009b
- Slovakia | KorenMiJa2004
- Slovenia | Janezi1954 Seljak2010
- South Africa | Brain1920a DeLott1976 Mamet1943a
- Spain | GomezM1957 LongoMaPe1995 TenaSoVe2007
- Sri Lanka | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1937 Mamet1943a
- Switzerland | DeLott1965a
- Syria | BasheeAsRa2014
- Taiwan | Ali1971 Mamet1943a WongChCh1999
- Tanzania | Newste1908c Newste1911a
- Thailand | Ali1971
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Trinidad | Cocker1894c Cocker1896k
- Tunisia | Balach1927 Jarray1970 Mamet1943a
- Turkey | Bodenh1953 KumralKo2005 Tuncyu1970a
- Uganda | Mamet1943a Newste1913 Newste1914
- Ukraine | Terezn1981
- United Kingdom
- England | DeLott1965a MalumpBa2012 Newste1903
- United States
- Arizona | Cocker1895x
- California | ArgyriKa1977 Bartle1960 DeLott1971b DeLott1976 Ferris1920b King1903b
- Colorado | HamonWi1984
- Connecticut | HamonWi1984
- Florida | DeLott1971b HamonWi1984
- Indiana | DietzMo1916a
- Kansas | HamonWi1984
- Louisiana | DeLott1971b
- Massachusetts | HamonWi1984
- New Jersey | DeLott1971b
- New Mexico | HamonWi1984
- New York | HamonWi1984
- South Carolina | HamonWi1984
- Washington | HamonWi1984
- Vietnam | DanzigKo1990
- Yugoslavia | Kozar1983a
- Zimbabwe | Hall1935 Hodgso1967 Hodgso1969a
Keys
- CaoZhFe2019: pp.60-61 ( Adult (F) ) [Saissetia species in China]
- KondoMoDi2018: pp.381-382 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae associated with Rosmarinus]
- ChoiSoLe2018: pp.6-7 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae in Laos]
- ZhangCaFe2018: pp.102 ( Adult (F) ) [Saissetia in China]
- WolffEfDa2018: pp.5-6 ( Adult (F) ) [Secies recorded on Olea europaea in Brazil]
- MoghadSaAb2015: pp.229 ( Adult (F) ) [Saissetia in Iran]
- MohammMo2013: pp.146-148 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species and subspecies of family coccidae in Egypt]
- KondoGu2010: pp.13-14 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae species of Chile]
- HodgsoHe2000: pp.195 ( Adult (F) ) [New Zealand]
- Granar1999: pp.158 ( Adult (F) ) [Argentina]
- Koszta1996: pp.323 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastren North America]
- Tang1991: pp.216 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
- WilliaWa1990: pp.160 ( Adult (F) ) [Tropical South Pacific]
- Gill1988: pp.103 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, California]
- HamonWi1984: pp.108 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Florida]
- TaoWoCh1983: pp.72 ( Adult (F) ) [Taiwan]
- Kawai1980: pp.157 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
- EzzatHu1969: pp.474 ( Adult (F) ) [Egypt]
- Beards1966: pp.494 ( Adult (F) ) [Micronesia]
- Borchs1957: pp.332 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic region]
- Zimmer1948: pp.320 ( Adult (F) ) [Hawaii]
Remarks
- Systematics: Subfamily: Coccinae B, Saissetiini (Choi & Lee, 2019) The correct name of this species is Saissetia oleae (Oilivier, 1791). Until 1970 it was erroneously named as Saissetia oleae (Bernard, 1783). For a detailed discussion on this case refer to De Lotto (1971). Ben-Dov (1993) erroneously indicated that type material of Coccus testudo Curtis, 1843 was lost. However, Ken Walker (Department of Entomology, Museum of Victoria, Abbotsford, Victoria, Australia) in personal communication (May 2002) to Yair Ben-Dov, informed that the types are deposited in the Victoria Museum.
- Structure: Colour photograph by Kawai (1980, Fig. 6.42), Hamon & Williams (1984), Gill (1988), Katsoyannos (1996), Crvalho & Aguiar (1997), Wong et al. (1999), Hodgson & Henderson (2000) and by Germain et al., (2003). The body of females is from 2.5 to 6 mm in size, convex, ranging in colour from light to dark brown. On the dorsal side there is visible a characteristic, protruding, H-shaped pattern, which allows to differentiate the species easily from another, similar species belonging to the same genus, i.e. S. coffeae. (Gharbi, 2021)
- Biology: Bodenheimer (1951a) reported one generation on citrus in Israel, while Blumberg et al. (1975) observed bivoltine populations. Peleg (1965) recorded in Israel one generation on citrus, one generation on unirrigated olive, while two generations on irrigated olive. One generation per year on olive in Greece (Argyriou, 1963; Paloukis, 1979). One generation per year in inner areas of california, while two in Coastal counties (Quayle, 1911; Bartlett, 1978; Gill, 1988). Beingolea (1969b) reported two generations on Citrulus and on sprouting potatoes in Peru. Two generations per year in Spain (Llorens Climent, 1984).
De Lotto (1965, 1976) suggested that the centre of origin and natural diffusion of the species are in the southern district of the Cape Province, South Africa. Biology and ecology on olive in Crete by Neuenschwander & Paraskakis (1980) and Paraskakis et al. (1980). Spatial distribution on olive in Spain by Briales & Campos (1988). Rearing methods by Flanders (1942) and by Blumberg & Swirski (1977).
Population dynamics on citrus in Israel by Podoler et al. (1979a, 1979b) and by Mendel et al. (1982, 1984a, 1984b) - Economic Importance: A major pest of citrus in many countries, and of olive in the Mediterranean region (Bodenheimer, 1951a; Bartlett, 1978). Biological control campaigns reviewed by Bartlett (1978). Biological control on olive in Cyprus by Orphanides (1993), France (Panis (1983). Natural enemies in Italy (Martelli, 1908), Libya (Lal & Naji, 1979, 1980). Chemical control by IGR (Peleg & Gothilf, 1981). The Arbequina cultivar of olive showed a lower level of pest attack than the Koroneiki cultivar in Brazil. (Martins, et al., 2010) This scale is considered a pest of olive trees in Brazil and Argentina and is spread over all producer regions (Múrua and Fidalgo, 2001). It is also considered one of the most important pest in Chile, commonly found in groves with impaired pruning (Contreras et al., 2009), in Peru, with losses of up to 80% (Beingolea, 1969; Lazo et al., 2008) and in Uruguay (Villamil and Albin, 2006).
- General Remarks: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Zimmerman (1948), De Lotto (1969a), Ezzat & Hussein (1969), Hamon & Williams (1984), Gill (1988), Williams & Watson (1990), Tang (1991), Hodgson (1994a), Granara de Willink (1999) and by Hodgson & Henderson (2000).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbbottGr2007: biological control, distribution, ecology, host, 1238-1246
- AbdRab2001: biological control, distribution, host, 169-172
- AbdRab2002b: biological control, distribution, host, 39-44
- AbdRab2004: biological control, distribution, host, 233-237
- AbdRab2004a: biological control, distribution, host, 51-56
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 30
- AbouEl2001: biological control, distribution, host, 185-195
- Ahmad1975: biological control, distribution, host, 221-223
- AlShamQu2024: natural enemies, 2
- Ali1971: distribution, host, 40
- Almeid1969: distribution, host, 149-152
- Almeid1973b: distribution, host, 6
- AlmeidPeMa2018: distribution, host, 355
- AlrouePrCa1981: biological control, distribution, host, 281-290
- AlrouePrCa1981: biological control, distribution, host, 281-280
- AltierNi1999: biological control, 975-991
- AmouroCrCo2019: distribution, natural enemies, 12
- AmouroCrGe2017: phylogenetics, phylogeny, 3
- AnneckMy1979: biological control, 143-150
- AnneckMy1979a: biological control, distribution, host, 290-297
- ArgovRo1988: biological control, 303-314
- Argyri1963: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 353-376
- Argyri1967: distribution, host, 66-67
- Argyri1969a: biological control, distribution, host, 1-4
- Argyri1970: biological control, distribution, host, 57-65
- Argyri1983: distribution, host, 365
- Argyri1986: biological control, distribution, host, 545-548
- ArgyriKa1977: biological control, distribution, host, 200-208
- ArgyriMi1975: biological control, distribution, host, 251-254
- ArgyriMi1976: biological control, 24
- ArgyriStMo1976: biological control, distribution, host, 24
- ArouaKaBe2019: distribution, host,
- AverseGrPi2005: distribution, host, life history, 32-36
- Ayouta1940: distribution, host, 2-4
- Ayouta1940: host, 2-4
- BaMhamCh2001: biological control, 527-531
- BadaryAb2011: biological control, distribution, host, 55
- BagnolRaLo1982: chemical control, 111-120
- Balach1927: distribution, host, 184,186
- Balach1930: distribution, host, 313
- Balach1930e: biological control, distribution, host, 221
- Balach1931a: distribution, host, 99
- Balach1932d: distribution, host, LVI-LVII
- Balach1933a: distribution, host, 41
- Balach1933e: distribution, host, 5
- Balach1935b: distribution, host, 263
- Balach1939: distribution, host, 255
- Balach1957c: distribution, host, 207
- Ballou1926: catalog, distribution, host, 39-40
- BanksCa1973: chemical control, 154
- BarredSaGa2005: distribution, host, life history, 211
- Bartle1959: biological control, 1-2
- Bartle1960: biological control, distribution, host, 383-385
- Bartle1969: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 875-878
- Bartle1978: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 67-73
- BartleBa1966: biological control, life history, physiology, 42-45
- Barzma1992: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 1-107
- BarzmaDa2001: biological control, ecology, life history, 237-247
- BasheeAsRa2014: biological control, 48
- BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 256
- Beards1966: distribution, host, taxonomy, 494,496
- Beards1966c: distribution, host, 174
- BecerrMiGo2002: chemical control, 7-10
- Beingo1969c: distribution, host, life history, 130-136
- Beingo1969d: biological control, distribution, host, 827-838
- BellowVa1999: biological control, ecology, 199-223
- BenDov1993: catalog, 313-316
- BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 27, 44
- Benfat1982: chemical control, 155-161
- BennetRoCo1976: biological control, economic importance, 359-395
- BerlesBePa1907: biological control, 48-95
- Blumbe1977: anatomy, biological control, life history, structure, 185-192
- Blumbe1997: biological control, ecology, 225-236
- BlumbeSw1977: biological control, economic importance, life history, 147-150
- BlumbeSw1977a: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 115-118
- BlumbeSw1982: biological control, economic importance, life history, 281-286
- BlumbeSw1988: biological control, economic importance, 1209-1213
- BlumbeSw1988a: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 45-56
- BlumbeSwGr1975: distribution, ecology, economic importance, host, life history, 19-24
- BlumbeSwWy1995: biological control, distribution, host, 33-44
- Bodenh1935: distribution, host, 249
- Bodenh1937: distribution, host, 219
- Bodenh1951a: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 381-387
- Boisdu1867: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 323
- Bolu2012: biological control, 110
- Borchs1950b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 152-153
- Borchs1957: biological control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 335-340
- Borg1919: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 31-33
- Borg1932: distribution, host, 14
- Bottre1979: biological control, chemical control,
- Boyce1928: chemical control, 715-720
- Boyce1948: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- Brader1979: biological control, chemical control, 225
- Brain1920a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 5,10-11
- BrainKe1917: distribution, host, 183
- BrialeCa1988: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 28-34
- Brimbl1962: distribution, economic importance, host, 227
- Brock1925: distribution, economic importance, host, 349,366
- Brooks1964a: chemical control, 3,30
- BrooksTh1962: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 813-814
- BruniCa1980: biological control, chemical control, distribution, host, 13-17
- BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 297
- Bulloc1976: chemical control, distribution, 32
- CABI1952: distribution, 1-2
- Calkin1983: distribution, economic importance, 321
- CamachCh2015: distribution, host, 8
- CamposSa1983: distribution, economic importance, host, 9
- CaoZhFe2019: key, 60-61
- CarmanEw1950: chemical control, distribution, host, 15A-16A
- CarmanEwJe1951: chemical control, host, 1-16
- CarmanEwJe1956: chemical control,
- CarmanEwJe1957: chemical control,
- CarmanEwJe1958: chemical control,
- CarmanEwJe1959: chemical control,
- CarmanEwJe1960: chemical control,
- CarmanEwJe1961: chemical control,
- CarmanEwJe1962: chemical control,
- CarmanEwJe1976: control, distribution, host, 14-68
- CarmanEwRi1980: control, distribution, host, 14-77
- Carrer1979: biological control, distribution, host, 521-526
- CarrerLiPa1977: biological control, distribution, host, 548-551
- CarvalAg1997: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 168-170
- CarvalFrAg1996: distribution, economic importance, host, 614
- CasillLaTa1971: chemical control, 395-404
- CebeciSe2004: distribution, host, 212
- Cendan1937: biological control, 337-339
- ChapotDe1964: distribution, economic importance, host,
- CharleCoMu2005: distribution, host, 1-4
- ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
- Chou1947a: chemical control, 36
- CiampoLu1977: chemical control, 26876-26883
- Cirio1979: biological control, distribution, host, 297-303
- Clause1951: ecology, life history, 1-8
- Clause1958: biological control, 291-310
- Clause1958a: biological control, distribution, host, 443-447
- Cocker1892a: distribution, host, 55
- Cocker1892b: distribution, host, 334
- Cocker1893g: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 55
- Cocker1893j: distribution, host, 254
- Cocker1894c: distribution, host, 307
- Cocker1894d: distribution, host, 311
- Cocker1895x: distribution, host, 257
- Cocker1896b: distribution, 331
- Cocker1896k: distribution, host, iv
- Cocker1899n: distribution, host, 12
- Cocker1901e: taxonomy, 31
- Collar1918: distribution, host, 154-162
- Comper1922: biological control, distribution, economic importance, 29-30
- Comper1925: biological control, 295-326
- Comper1928a: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 231-334
- Comper1931b: biological control, 247-255
- Comper1937: biological control, 43-51
- Comper1938: biological control, 315-337
- Comper1939a: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 75-90
- Comper1940b: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 387-425
- Comper1961: biological control, 182, 211
- Comper1961a: biological control, 17-71
- ComperAn1961: biological control, distribution, host, 17
- Comsto1881a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 485-486
- Conti1987: ecology, life history, 73-81
- Conway1951: distribution, economic importance, host, 159-164
- CorrenVi1985: chemical control, distribution, 379-382
- CorviTaTu1982: chemical control, 253-260
- CostaL1924: distribution, host, 135
- Cottie1939: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 145-146
- CouturMaRi1985: distribution, host, taxonomy, 277
- CozziStMo2002: biological control, distribution, host, 811-814
- Cressm1958: chemical control, 911-912
- Curtis1843: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 443
- DaaneBaCa1991: biological control, distribution, host, 6-9
- DaaneBaCa2000: biological control, distribution, host, 269-284
- DaaneCa1989: chemical control, distribution, host, 89-90
- DahlstHa1999: economic importance, 919-933
- Danzig1972: distribution, host, 205-206
- DanzigKo1990: distribution, host, 45
- DarvasVi1983: chemical control, 455-463
- DavidsDiFl1991: chemical control, 1-47
- DavoodTaRa2004a: biological control, 887-899
- DeBach1943a: biological control, 647-658
- DeBachDiFl1951: biological control, 347-348
- DeBachDiFl1951: biological control, 1,14
- DeBachHuMa1976: biological control, 255-285
- DeLott1956a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 241-243
- DeLott1959: distribution, taxonomy, 152
- DeLott1965a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 223-228
- DeLott1971a: taxonomy, 149
- DeLott1971b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 325-326
- DeLott1976: distribution, host, 147-148
- DelGue1906: distribution, host, 257-263
- DelrioOrUs1979: biological control, distribution, host, 539-541
- Delucc1975: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy,
- DeluccRoSc1976: biological control, taxonomy, 81-91
- DengYuWa2021: illustration, symbionts, 4
- DoaneHa1909: distribution, host, 297
- Dosba2001: distribution, economic importance, 105-114
- Dougla1887b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 97
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 114
- Dozier1926a: biological control, distribution, host, 97
- Duran1977: biological control, distribution, host, 255-256
- DuranCo1941: biological control, distribution, host, 98-99
- Durr1954: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 90-92
- EMPPO2004c: distribution, economic importance, host, 43-56
- EfromRoWo2019: distribution, host, 126
- EhlerEn1984: biological control, chemical control, distribution, 1-47
- ElimemJeLa2022: distribution, host, illustration, natural enemies,
- ElmerEwCa1951: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 593-597
- ElwanAs2000: distribution, host, life history, 177-187
- EtiennMa1993: distribution, host, 256
- EtzelLe1999: biological control, 125-197
- Ewart1969: chemical control, 879-880
- EwartEl1953a: distribution, economic importance, host, 352
- EwartMe1956: chemistry, 441-447
- EzzatHu1969: description, host distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 413-415
- EzzatNa1987: distribution, 86
- FallahJa2017: distribution, host, natural enemies, 20, 21, 23, 33
- FavretOuWi2014: taxonomy, 71
- Fernal1903b: 205-207
- Fernan1981: distribution, host, 48
- Ferrar1978: chemical control, 69-83
- Ferris1920b: distribution, host, 36
- Ferris1921: distribution, host, 90
- Ferris1935: distribution, host, 128
- Fimian1971: chemical control, 145-160
- Fimian1980: chemical control, 219-223
- Flande1932: distribution, host, 1240-1241
- Flande1937: biological control, 401-422
- Flande1938: biological control, 167-180
- Flande1939a: biological control, 11-26
- Flande1939b: biological control, 152
- Flande1940b: biological control, ecology, 245-253
- Flande1941: chemical control, 285,306
- Flande1942: biological control, 687-689
- Flande1942d: biological control, 251-266
- Flande1949a: life history, 257-274
- Flande1949b: biological control, 222-224
- Flande1949c: biological control, life history, 406-407
- Flande1951b: biological control, 93-98
- Flande1953a: biological control, distribution, host, 266-269
- Flande1959b: biological control, 125-142
- Flande1965: biological control, distribution, host, 409-422
- Flesch1960: biological control, 183-208
- Fletch1951: distribution, host, 1-24
- Foldi2000: distribution, host, 82
- Foldi2003: distribution, host, 151
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 9
- FrancoPa1991: chemical control, distribution, host, life history, 282-285
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 7,23
- Frank2021: ecology, natural enemies, 8
- Frogga1915: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 610-611
- FrohliRo1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-10
- FuenteRoGa2024: biological control, distribution, 3
- GaikwaKeKa2022: natural enemies, 4
- Garcia1916: biological control, distribution, host, 776-788
- Gendri1999: biological control, 1-6
- Georgh1977: distribution, host, 149
- Germai2011: distribution, economic importance, 31-34
- Germai2011a: distribution, economic importance, 8
- GermaiBe2003: taxonomy, 44
- GermaiMaPi2002: distribution, host, 254
- GermaiMaPi2003: distribution, host, structure, 22-23
- Gharbi2021: biology, distribution, host, structure, 6
- Gianot1967a: structure, 5-25
- Gill1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 103-110
- GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
- GomezC1950: biological control, distribution, host, 1-18
- GomezM1937: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 256-262
- GomezM1946: distribution, host, 88
- GomezM1954: distribution, host, 136
- GomezM1957: distribution, host, 62
- GomezM1958b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 50-58
- GomezM1958c: distribution, host, 407
- GomezM1960O: distribution, host, 182
- GomezM1965: distribution, host, 111-112
- GomezM1967O: distribution, host, 133
- Gonzal1969: biological control, distribution, host, 839-847
- Gonzal1989: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 83,89
- Gonzal2016: biology, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 36, 42, 195, 219-220, 222-226
- GonzalLa1989: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 240-241
- Gordh1994: biological control, 188-205
- GoszczGo2011: biological control, distribution, host, 112-113
- GradyRe1940: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 1-32
- GraebnMoBa1984: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 27-33
- Granar1999: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 164-165
- GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 625-637
- Granov1929: life history, structure, 445-456
- Greath1971: biological control, distribution, host,
- Greath1973: biological control, 29-33
- Greath1976: biological control, economic importance,
- Green1895: distribution, host, 232
- Green1904a: distribution, host, 206
- Green1904d: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 227
- Green1907: distribution, host, 200
- Green1923b: distribution, host, 88
- Green1929: distribution, host, 376
- Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 304
- Greig1944: distribution, economic importance, host,
- GruwelVoPa2005: taxonomy, 79-114
- Guario2001: biological control, 75-86
- GuarioLaAl2001: chemical control, distribution, host, 65-70
- GugliuMaMa2019: host, list, 4
- HaberMi2007: distribution, host, 148
- Hadzib1983: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 134-135
- HakkonPi1984: biological control, 1109-1121
- HalimaGeMd2014: description, distribution, host, illustration, 285-289
- Hall1922: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 22-23
- Hall1923: distribution, host, 41
- Hall1924a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 11
- Hall1935: distribution, host, 80
- Hall1969: economic importance, 823-826
- HamonWi1984: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, key, life history, taxonomy, 114-115
- HarpazRo1971: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 458-468
- Hellri2004: distribution, host, 86
- Hempel1900a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 425
- Hempel1920: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 33-34
- HenderRh2001: structure, taxonomy, 1-14
- HenderSuRo2010: distribution, host, 4
- Heptin1971: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-5
- Hodgso1967: distribution, host, 16-17
- Hodgso1969a: distribution, host, 36
- Hodgso1994a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 140-143
- HodgsoHe2000: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 195,204,210-212
- HodgsoHi1990: distribution, host, 3,4,6,8,10,15,18,21
- HodgsoHi1991: distribution, host, 137
- HoffmaRiSh1998: biological control, 268-293
- HuHeWa1992: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 188
- HuffakMeDe1971: biological control, distribution, host, 16-67
- HuffakSiLa1976: biological control, 41-78
- Inserr1968: biological control, distribution, host, 45-77
- Iperti1961: biological control, economic importance, 14-30
- IshaaySw1976: chemical control, chemistry, physiology, 1025-1029
- Ishii1926: biological control, 31-36
- Jancar2003: distribution, host, 5-8
- Janezi1954: distribution, host, 125
- Jansen1995: distribution, host, 134,142
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 24,33
- Jarray1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 85-89
- JaszaiDa1983: chemical control, 198-202
- Jeppso1969: chemical control, economic importance, physiology, 917-921
- JohnsoLy1988: distribution, host, life history,
- Jourdh1979: biological control, distribution, host, 75-79
- Kacar2015: natural enemies, 159
- KailisSw2002: control, distribution, host, 385-388
- KakotiDeRo2022: biology, distribution, host, list, 8
- KapranTe2015: illustration, natural enemies, 196
- Katsoy1996: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 15,19-20,78-79
- KatsoyLa1975: distribution, host, life history, 271-274
- Kaussa1957: distribution, host, 1
- Kawai1972: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 14
- Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 158
- Kawai1987: distribution, host, 77
- KawaiMaUm1971: distribution, host, 17
- KaydanUlEr2007: catalog, distribution, host, 93
- Kennet1986: biological control, distribution, host, 363-369
- KhaladBoMa2024: distribution, species richness, survey,
- KhaladGu2019: distribution, ecology,
- King1903b: distribution, host, 194
- KinjoNaHi1996: distribution, host, 126
- Kiritc1932a: taxonomy, 266-267
- Kiritc1936: distribution, host, 73
- Kirkal1902: distribution, host, 106
- Kirkal1904: distribution, host, 228
- Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 43
- Kondo2013: distribution, host, 47
- KondoGu2010: distribution, 13
- KondoMoDi2018: host, key, 381
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 12
- KorenMiJa2004: distribution, host, life history, 431-436
- Koteja1974b: structure, taxonomy, 82
- Kozar1983a: distribution, host, 147
- Kozar1985: distribution, host, 203
- KozarFoZa1996: distribution, host, 65
- KozarFr1995: distribution, host, 71
- KozarKoFe2013: distribution, taxonomy, 53
- KozarPaPa1991: distribution, host, 65
- KozarTzVi1979: distribution, host, 131
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 79
- Kozarz1992: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 269-270
- KozarzRe1975: distribution, host, 28-29
- KreiteAuGe2006: distribution, economic importance, host, 143
- KreiteMaDi1998a: economic importance, life history, 201-206
- KumralKo2005: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 234-237
- Kuwana1902: distribution, host, 64
- Kuwana1907: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 192
- Lagows1995: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 5-10
- Lagows1995a: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 375-378
- LagowsGo2020: distribution, 68
- LalNa1979: biological control, distribution, host, 513-520
- LalNa1980: biological control, distribution, host, 27-31
- Lawson1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 200-201
- Leach1940: life history, virus transmission, 1-3
- LegnerBe1999: biological control, 87-101
- Leonar1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 278-281
- LimonMeBl1976a: biological control, distribution, host, 263-276
- LinGuCo2010: host plants, species richness, 90-98
- LindgrDi1943: chemical control, 90,98,99
- Lindin1909c: distribution, host, taxonomy, 450
- Lindin1911a: distribution, host, 34
- Lindin1912b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 49,55,79,161,186
- Liotta1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 33
- Liotta1981: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 13-14
- LiottaMiMi1971: chemical control,
- LiottaMiMi1973: chemical control, 37-43
- Lloren1984: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy,
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 124
- LongoRu1986: distribution, economic importance, host, 41
- LongoRu1988: distribution, host, 515
- LopesFiMa2008: distribution, host, 153-154
- Lorbee1971: biological control, distribution, host, 199-201
- Lozzia1985: distribution, host, 122-124
- LuckFoSc2003: biological control, 179
- LuckShKe1999: biological control, 225-242
- Lucque2003: distribution, host, 35
- MHamedCh1996: biological control, 527-531
- Mabbet2003: biological control, 67,235
- Macrop1985: biological control, 63-64
- MahzouViBe2020: biological control,
- MalipaDuSm2000: biological control, 91,92,93
- Malump2012b: distribution, 210
- Malump2014a: distribution, host, 73
- Malump2016: distribution, host, 245-251
- MalumpBa2012: distribution, 31
- Mamet1941a: distribution, host, 40
- Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 155
- Mamet1949: catalog, distribution, host, 31
- Mamet1959a: distribution, host, 378
- MansouGrSu2016: biological control, chemical control, economic importance, natural enemies, 7-8
- MansouMkGr2011: distribution, economic importance, 315-322
- Marlat1892: taxonomy, 150
- Marlat1897: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 217-236
- Martel1908: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 217-227
- Martin1984MP: distribution, host, 76-77
- MartinCaSo2012: ecology, 249-255
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, host, 37
- Martor1976: distribution, host, 3-271
- Masten2007: distribution, host, taxonomy, 1-242
- Matile1976a: economic importance,
- Matile1978: distribution, host, 49
- Matile1984c: distribution, host, 220
- MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 167
- MatileNo1984: distribution, host, 64
- Melis1930: distribution, host, 14-15
- MendelDrPo1980: distribution, host, life history, 697-700
- MendelGe1982: biological control, distribution, host, 47-51
- MendelPoRo1982: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 227-229
- MendelPoRo1984a: distribution, host, life history, 1-21
- MendelPoRo1984b: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 23-34
- MendelPoRo1990: biological control, life history, 289-290
- MessenBiVa1976: biological control, 543-563
- MessenVa1971: biological control, 68-92
- MestreKo2018: distribution, 5
- MetcalMe1993: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- Meurge2011: distribution, 80
- MifsudFsMa2012: distribution, host, natural enemies, 17, 18
- MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, host, 505-506
- MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, 135
- Miller1996: catalog, distribution, 71
- Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 14
- MoghadSaAb2015: key, 229
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 150
- MohammMo2013: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 148, 156
- Monaco1976: biological control, 143-151
- Monast1958: control, economic importance, 131-165
- Monast1962: distribution, host, 116-128
- MonteiWoPe2019: distribution, host, 393
- MumaSeDe1961: biological control, 1-39
- MuruaFi2001: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 447-454
- MyartsRu2000: biological control, distribution, 7-33
- MyartsRuCo2004: natural enemies, 143
- MyartsRuCo2016a: natural enemies, 781
- NRC1969: biological control, chemical control, ecology, economic importance, taxonomy,
- Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, 393
- NakahaMi1981: distribution, host, 31
- Neser1983: biological control, distribution, 36-37
- NeuensPa1980: distribution, ecology, economic importance, host, life history, 366-378
- NeuensPa1981: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 109-113
- Neves1936: distribution, host, 202-204
- Newste1903: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 126-127
- Newste1910: distribution, host, 10
- Newste1911a: distribution, host, 163
- Newste1913: distribution, host, 76
- Newste1914: distribution, host, 306
- NoguerVeGo2003: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 495-504
- Olivie1791: catalog, description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 95
- Orphan1988: biological control, distribution, host, 1-8
- Paglia1929: distribution, economic importance, host, 274-307
- Palouk1979: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 111-116
- Panis1970a: control, distribution, ecology, host, life history, 25-31
- Panis1974a: biological control, 131-134
- Panis1977d: biological control, 577
- Panis1979d: biological control, 27-28
- Panis1983: biological control, economic importance, life history, 63-74
- Panis2008: biological control, 59-70
- PanisMa1978: biological control, 9-18
- PanisPeDe1977: biological control, 615-619
- PanisPi1977: biological control, distribution, host, 25-27
- PanisWa2002: biological control, 27-30
- PappasTz1976: biological control, host, 23
- ParaskNeMi1980: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 450-464
- Peleg1965: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 21-26
- PelegGo1981: chemical control, 124-126
- Peleka1962: distribution, host, 61
- Peleka1974: biological control, 14-20
- Pelliz2011: distribution, 311
- PellizChMi2015: distribution, 60,71
- PellizPoSe2011: distribution, host, 294
- PereirToBe2001: ecology, life history, 101-108
- PerezG2008: distribution, 213
- PerezGCa1987: distribution, host, 128
- Perkin1982: biological control, chemical control, economic importance, 5
- PerronEdEn2014: diagnosis, distribution, host, 379
- PettitMc1920: distribution, host, taxonomy, 19
- PicartMa2000: distribution, host, 14-20
- PietriBiCo1969: chemical control, 909-915
- PizarrAlBa2020: distribution, host, 27
- PodoleBaRo1979: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 257-266
- PodoleBaRo1979a: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 267-273
- Potaev1993: distribution, host, 35,38
- PradoMaCo2015: biological control, distribution, natural enemies,
- PradoSi2006: distribution, economic importance, host, 79-83
- PrakasPa2015: distribution,
- Pratt1958: distribution, host,
- Quayle1911e: biological control, distribution, host, 510-515
- QuayleRu1911: biological control, distribution, ecology, host, life history, taxonomy, 151-200
- QuezadCoDi1972: distribution, host, 14-15
- RakimoBeWh2013: distribution, host, 372-375
- Ramakr1919: distribution, host, 625
- Ramakr1919a: distribution, host, 34
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 348
- Ramakr1930: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 45
- Reasonagol2001: biological control, 43-45
- Reboul1976: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- ReddyKu2019: distribution, ecology, host,
- Regis2002: biological control, chemical control, distribution, host, 32-36
- Rehace1960: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 50-51
- Remill1988: distribution, host, 57-58
- RicaldNaLo2015: distribution, economic importance, host, 2127
- RiehlBrMc1980: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 319
- RipaLaRo2008: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 135-145
- RobertDi1984: chemical control, 122-126
- RodrigNaVa2019: distribution, host, 467
- Rosen1966: biological control, distribution, host, 46-48
- Rosen1969: biological control, distribution, host, 45-53
- Rosen1979: biological control, distribution, host, 289-292
- RosenHaSa1971: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 35-50
- RugmanAnMo2010: biological control, 265
- Rungs1970: distribution, host, 91-94
- RussoMaCa1988a: biological control, distribution, host, 56-61
- SaadElHa1977: biological control, distribution, host, 151-161
- Sacant1961: biological control, life history, 121-122
- SaccoPaD2000: biological control, distribution, host, 3-8
- Salaza1999: control, 41
- Sander1909: distribution, host, 440
- SantosPeDa2009: ELISA, biological control, chemistry, 101-108
- Savesc1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 284-286
- Schmut1952: distribution, host, life history, 551
- Schmut1952b: distribution, host, 18
- Schmut1957a: distribution, host, 133-140
- Schmut1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 192-193
- SchweiMoLu2003: biological control, distribution, host, 377-386
- Seabra1930: distribution, economic importance, host, 130-131
- Seabra1941: distribution, host, 8
- Sekkat2001: distribution, economic importance, host, 79-84
- Seljak2010: distribution, host, 106
- Sengon2002: biological control, 141-143
- ShaabaHaBa2003: biological control, distribution, host, 113-123
- ShafeeYoKh1989: distribution, host, 54-55
- Shoema1980: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 26-49
- ShoemaHuKe1979: biological control, 182-189
- SibbetDiBa1976: distribution, economic importance, host, 12-13
- Signor1869: catalog, taxonomy, 862-863,872
- Signor1873a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 440-442
- Silves1921: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-11
- Simant1962a: distribution, host, 105-112
- Simant1969: chemical control, distribution, host, 889-896
- SismanUl2010: distribution, host, 219-224
- Smith1921: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 127-137
- Smith1926: biological control, host, 294-302
- Smith1940: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 534-535
- SmithBeBr1997: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 47-49
- SmithCo1920: taxonomy, 310-320
- SmithCo1926: biological control, distribution, host, 51-61
- SmithFlBa1945: biological control, distribution, 93-94
- SoaresMoMa2013: distribution, economic importance,
- SpooneTeHa2002: control, distribution, economic importance, host, 218-224
- Stalaz2021: distribution, host, 473
- StathaEcBa2023: control, economic importance, 2
- Steinw1930: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 565-567
- StratoKa1981: biological control, distribution, host, 139-142
- StreibFrKa1994: chemical control, 23-30
- Su1982: distribution, host, 61
- Suh2023: distribution, host, 6
- SwainBu1940: chemical control, distribution, host, 107-111
- SwainDu1928: ecology, life history, 532-542
- Sweetm1958: biological control, economic importance, 449-458
- SwinglWe1896: distribution, host, 1-6
- SwirskWyIz2002: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 88-90
- SzitaFeBe2017: distribution, host, 468
- Takaha1928: distribution, host, 343
- Takaha1929: distribution, host, 58
- Takaha1929a: distribution, host, 430
- Takaha1932a: distribution, host, 103,104
- Takaha1939b: distribution, host, 263
- Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 22
- Takaha1942d: distribution, host, 354
- Takaha1952: distribution, host, 16
- TalameCa1980: chemical control, 10596-10597
- Tanaka1966: biological control, distribution, host, 1-42
- Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 220-221
- TangLi1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 87,89
- Tao1989: catalog, distribution, host, 59
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 66
- TaoWoCh1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 74-76
- Targio1884: distribution, host, 398
- TavareLiGo2018: diagnosis, 325
- TeixeiBeGo2000: distribution, economic importance, host, 629-635
- TenaBaGa2004: natural enemies,
- TenaBeSo2012: biological control, 48
- TenaSoVe2007: distribution, host, life history, 700-706
- Teodor2018: distribution, history, host, 41, 50
- Terezn1981: distribution, host, 191-192
- ThieleWyMa2008: taxonomy, 282
- Thro1903: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 214
- Timber1924a: biological control, 223-251
- Touzea1960: chemical control, 68-71
- Touzea1962: chemical control, 3-7
- TrabouBe1965: biological control, distribution, host, 1-13
- Tranfa1977: distribution, host, 546
- TranfaVi1987a: distribution, economic importance, host, 215-221
- Trembl1988a: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 233-239
- TrenchTo2014: distribution, 69
- TrenchTrTo2010: distribution, host, 114-123
- TrindaNaMu2016: distribution, host, 162
- TullioTuFo1975: chemical control,
- Tuncyu1970a: distribution, economic importance, host, 67-80
- Tyrell1896: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 265-266
- UlgentCa2004: distribution, host, 79-84
- UlgentDo2019: distribution, host, 485
- UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S118
- UnalAyKa2016: honeydew, host, 104
- UsmanPu1955: distribution, host, 50
- Valent1963: biological control, 6-13
- Valent1967: biological control, 1100
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 99-100
- Vatans2024: distribution, host, 143, 144
- Vayssi1920: distribution, host, 258
- Vega1967: chemical control, distribution, host, 59-62
- Vernal1953: distribution, host, 146-147
- Vicido2007: distribution, host, 1-7
- VieiraCaPi1983: distribution, host, 106-107
- Viggia1970a: distribution, economic importance, host, 47-55
- Viggia1974: biological control, distribution, host, 117-120
- Viggia1978: biological control, distribution, host, 25-29
- Viggia1979: biological control, distribution, host, 293-296
- Viggia1981: biological control, 37-43
- ViggiaFiBi1973: biological control, distribution, ecology, host, life history, 251-259
- ViggiaMa1983: biological control, distribution, host, 305
- ViggiaPaTz1975: biological control, distribution, host, 156-167
- VinsonIw1980: biological control, 397
- WalkerWaEv1974: distribution, host, 12, 16
- WaltonKrSa2009: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-6
- Wang1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 41-42
- Wang1981TC: distribution, host, 288
- Watson2021: distribution, 522
- Webber1897a: distribution, host, 1-3
- Wille1958: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 519-523
- Willia1985c: distribution, host, 137
- Willia2001: distribution, 225-227
- Willia2010: distribution, host, 149
- Willia2013: distribution, host, 188
- Willia2013: distribution, 190
- Willia2015: taxonomy, 579, 580
- WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 34,35,39,45
- WilliaMa2009b: distribution, host, 119
- WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 167-169
- WilliaWi1988: distribution, host, 59
- Wise1977: distribution, host, 106
- Woglum1923: chemical control, distribution, host, 1-59
- Woglum1925: chemical control, distribution, host, 593-597
- Woglum1925a: chemical control, 2
- Woglum1925b: chemical control, 178
- Woglum1926: chemical control, 723-733
- Woglum1942a: biological control, distribution, host, 155
- WoglumBo1921: biological control, distribution, host, 1-43
- WoglumLa1925: chemical control, distribution, host, 349,370,374
- WoglumLa1934: chemical control, distribution, host, 978-980
- WolffEfDa2018: distribution, host, 2-3
- WolffEfDa2018: distribution, economic importance, host, key,
- WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 17,56,57
- Woodwo1903: taxonomy, 35
- Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 177,191
- YaromBlIs1988: chemical control, 1581-1585
- Yasnos1987: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 229-234
- YasnosTaCh2005: biological control, distribution, host, 229-302
- YousseNaSt2004: biological control, chemical control, 593-599
- ZacchiVa2003: distribution, host, structure, symbionts, 43-46
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 160
- ZhangCaFe2018: distribution, key, 102, 103
- Zimmer1948: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 328-331
