Longo, S., & Russo, A. 1986 Distribution and density of scale insects (Homoptera, Coccoidea) on citrus-groves in Eastern Sicily and Calabria.. Integrated Pest Control in Citrus-Groves (Proceedings of the Experts' Meeting. Acireale, 26-29 March 1985). Published for the Commission of the European Communities by A.A. Balkema Rotterdam, Netherlands; Boston 600 pp.

Notes: A survey on coccids infesting citrus groves was made in eastern Sicily and Calabria during 1979-1980. The most widely distributed species were Aspidiotus nerii, Ceroplastes rusci, Coccus hesperidum, Mytilococcus beckii, Parlatoria pergandei, Planococcus citri and Saissetia oleae. Other species collected in more restricted areas were: Aonidiella aurantii, Ceroplastes sinensis, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum, Pericerya purchasi and Pseudococcus longispinus. On the basis of the infestation rate, the most important species were Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus nerii, Ceroplastes rusci, Mytilococcus gloverii, Parlatoria pergandei, Planococcus citri and Saissetia oleae. The most important scales are discussed from the biological and ethological point of view, with particular emphasis on the biological control of Planococcus citri.