Daane, K.M., & Caltagirone, L.E. 1989 Biological control of black scale in olives.. California Agriculture 43(1): 9-11.

Notes: Abstract: Cultural practices that improve biological control of Saissetia oleae in olive orchards are more common in northern than southern California orchards; a parasite has recently been imported from Spain and established for biological control; in Tulare county, open trees, low-volume sprinklers and no ground cover caused fluctuations in pest populations, and did not favor establishment of parasitoids; in Tehama county, olive trees were pruned high above the ground with their branches touching, combined with ground cover and high volume sprinkler systems, which was favorable for pest and its parasitoids. Keywords: biological control.