Valid Names Results

Saissetia oleae (Olivier, 1791) (Coccidae: Saissetia)

This catalog page aggregates the information for all subspecies of Saissetia oleae. If you are looking for information specific to the binomial, click on the link to the nominal trinomial below.

Subspecies:

Saissetia oleae cherimoliae

Saissetia oleae oleae

Nomenclatural History

Coccus oleae Olivier 1791: 95. Type data: FRANCE and ITALY: on olive, myrtle and Phillyrea. Syntypes, female, by subsequent designation accepted valid name Notes: Type material probably lost (Ben-Dov, 1993).
Coccus palmae Haworth 1812: 307. Type data: ENGLAND: on palm.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Willia1957, 314). Notes: Type material lost (Williams, 1957).
Coccus testudo Curtis 1843: 443. Type data: ENGLAND: in greenhouse on Brexia spinosa.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Abbotsford: Department of Entomology, Museum of Victoria, Victoria, Australia; junior synonym (discovered by Dougla1891c, 307).
Chermes cycadis Boisduval 1867: 323. Type data: FRANCE: Paris, in greenhouse on Cycas.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Fernal1903b, 207). Notes: Type material lost.
Chermes oleae (Olivier, 1791); Signoret 1869a: 862. change of combination Notes: Author incorrectly cited.
Lecanium oleae; Signoret 1869: 862. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" as author.
Lecanium testudo (Curtis, 1843); Signoret 1874a: 441. change of combination
Lecanium palmae (Haworth, 1812); Douglas 1887b: 97. change of combination
Bernardia oleae (Olivier, 1791); Marlatt 1892: 150. change of combination Notes: Author incorrectly cited.
Neobernardia oleae (Olivier, 1791); Cockerell 1893d: 54. change of combination
Neobernardia oleae; Cockerell 1893d: 54. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" as author.
Lecanium cycadis (Boisduval, 1867); Green 1895: 232. change of combination
Lecanium oleae testudo (Curtis, 1843); Cockerell 1896b: 331. change in status (level)
Lecanium (Saissetia) palmae; Cockerell & Parrott 1899: 164. subsequent use
Saissetia oleae; Cockerell 1901e: 31. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" as author.
Coccus oleae Olivier, 1791; Kirkaldy 1902: 106. change of combination Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" as author.
Saissetia palmae (Haworth, 1812); Fernald 1903b: 207. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; change of combination
Coccus olea Olivier, 1791; Fernald 1903b: 205. misspelling of species epithet
Saissetia oleae testudo; Fernald 1903b: 206. subsequent use
Saissetia obae Rutherford, 1915; Rutherford 1915a: 112. misspelling of species epithet Notes: Author incorrectly cited.
Saissetia obae; Rutherford 1915a: 112. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" as author.
Lecanium oleae; Borg 1919: 31. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" as author.
Lecanium pumilum Brain 1920a: 5. Type data: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province, Robertson, on a native shrub.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Pretoria: South African National Collection of Insects, South Africa; junior synonym (discovered by DeLott1958, 68).
Saissetia (Lecanium) oleae; Hall 1922: 22. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" as author.
Coccus oleo Olivier, 1791; Essig 1931: 139. misspelling of species epithet
Coccus olio Olivier, 1791; Essig 1931: 139. misspelling of species epithet
Saissetia oleoe (Olivier, 1791); Balachowsky 1932d: LVI. misspelling of species epithet
Coccus pumilum (Brain, 1920); Munro & Fouché 1936: 87. change of combination
Coccus (Saissetia) oleae cherimoliae Gómez-Menor Ortega 1955: 205. Type data: SPAIN: Motril, Granada, on Annona cherimolia and Citrus aurantium.. Syntypes, female, by subsequent designation Type depository: Madrid: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Spain; accepted valid name
Saissetia oleae cherimoliae (Gómez-Menor Ortega, 1955); Gómez-Menor Ortega 1958c: 59. change of combination
Parasaissetia oleae (Olivier, 1791); Ezzat & Hussein 1969: 413. change of combination
Parasaissetia oleae; Ezzat & Hussein 1969: 413. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" as author.
Saissetia oleae (Olivier, 1791); De Lotto 1971a: 149. change of combination
Saissetia oleas (Olivier, 1791); Quezada, Cornejo, Diaz de Mira & Hidalgo 1972: 14. misspelling of species epithet
Saissetia oleae; Bartlett 1978: 67. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Bernard" author.
Seissetia oleae; Franko & Passos de Carvalho 1991: 283. misspelling of genus name
Saissetia olae (Olivier, 1791); Trindade, et al. 2016. misspelling of species epithet
Sassietia oleae; Szita, et al. 2017: 468. misspelling of genus name
Sissetia oleae; Al-Shami & Qureshi 2024: 2. misspelling of genus name

Common Names

black scale BenDov1993 Gill1988 HamonWi1984 SmithBeBr1997
Caparreta Lloren1990
cochnilha-H CarvalAg1997
cochnilha-negra CarvalAg1997
conchuela negra del olivo RipaLaRo2008
escama negra QuezadCoDi1972
Lacochenille de l'olivier PicartMa2000
Mediterranean black scale BenDov1993 DeLott1971b
mediterranean black scale BenDov1993 DeLott1971b
olive scale BenDov1993
olive soft scale Bodenh1951a
qenimat hazayit BenDov1993

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 81 | Genera: 232

Acanthaceae

Avicennia | HodgsoHi1990
Avicennia marina | HodgsoHe2000 | ssp. australasica
Hygrophila auriculata | Ali1971 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Hygrophila spinosa)

Actinidiaceae

Actinidia deliciosa | HodgsoHe2000

Anacardiaceae

Cyrtocarpa edulis | Ferris1921 | (= Tapirira edulis)
Lannea coromandelica | Ali1971 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
Lannea discolor | Hall1935 Hodgso1967
Mangifera indica | Ali1971 KinjoNaHi1996
Pistacia | Argyri1963
Pistacia atlantica | BenDov1971
Pistacia lentiscus | Balach1927 Balach1933e Borg1932 GomezM1954 GomezM1958b Marott1987
Pistacia terebinthus | BenDov1971 Borg1932 | (= Pistacia palestina)
Pistacia vera | Marott1987
Schinus molle | GonzalLa1989 Marott1987
Schinus polygama | GonzalLa1989
Searsia glutinosa | DeLott1956a | ssp. abyssinica (= Rhus abyssinica)

Annonaceae

Annona | MilleHeCa2016
Annona cherimola | GomezM1955 GomezM1958b

Aphelinidae

Coccophagus piceae | YousefVaEb2018

Apiaceae

Eryngium campestre | Marott1987
Heteromorpha trifoliata | Hodgso1969a

Apocynaceae

Beaumontia grandiflora | Ballou1926
Calotropis procera | Hall1923
Carissa carandas | Mamet1943a
Carissa macrocarpa | BenDov1971 | (= Carissa grandiflora)
Nerium | Almeid1973b Balach1939 DeLott1965a HodgsoHi1990 Jansen1995
Nerium indicum | Ali1971 Marott1987 TangLi1988 | (= Nerium odorum)
Nerium oleander | Almeid1973b Balach1927 Balach1930 Balach1933e BenDov1971 DeLott1956a DeLott1965a Green1923b
Plumeria rubra | Almeid1973b Mamet1943a | (= Plumeria acutifolia)
Trachelospermum jasminoides | Marott1987
Vinca major | CarnerPe1986

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex aquifolium | Marott1987
Ilex canariensis | CarnerPe1986 Lindin1911a
Ilex perado | CarnerPe1986 | (= Ilex platiphylla)
Ilex rotunda | MartinLa2011 | ssp. microcarpa
Ilex wilsonii | DeLott1965a

Araceae

Anthurium | Marott1987
Monstera deliciosa | GoszczGo2011
Philodendron | GoszczGo2011

Araliaceae

Aralia | HodgsoHe2000 Marott1987
Fatsia japonica | PadillMaNa2016
Pseudopanax | HodgsoHe2000

Arecaceae

Howea belmoreana | GomezM1958b | (= Kentia balmoreana)
Howea forsteriana | MifsudMaRu2014
Metroxylon | DeLott1965a
Phoenix dactylifera | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995

Asparagaceae

Agave | Balach1939
Agave americana | CarnerPe1986 Lindin1911a
Asparagus | GomezM1958b HodgsoHe2000
Asparagus albus | Marott1987
Asparagus aphyllus | BenDov1971
Asparagus falcatus | GoszczGo2011
Asparagus tenuifolius | Marott1987
Cordyline | Marott1987
Polianthes | HodgsoHi1990
Yucca | Cocker1895x Jansen1995 Kozar1983a KozarFr1995 LongoMaPe1995
Yucca gloriosa | Kozar1983

Asphodelaceae

Aloe | Willia1985b

Aspleniaceae

Asplenium | CarnerPe1986 Lindin1911a

Asteraceae

Argyranthemum frutescens | DeLott1956a | (= Chrysanthemum frutescens)
Artemisia absinthium | Marott1987
Artemisia argentea | Balach1939
Baccharis | HodgsoHi1990
Baccharis halimifolia | FriedBaGe2013 Marott1987
Baccharis linearis | Marott1987 | (= Baccharis rosmarinifolia)
Baccharis pilularis | Ferris1920b
Baccharis salicifolia | GonzalLa1989
Brachyglottis repanda | HodgsoHe2000
Carduus pycnocephalus | Marott1987
Carlina corymbosa | Marott1987
Centaurea jacea | Marott1987
Chrysanthemoides monilifera | DeLott1965a | (= Osteospermum moniliferum)
Chrysanthemum | Ballou1926 BenDov1971
Cynara cardunculus | Marott1987
Dahlia | Mamet1943a
Dubautia menziesii | Nakaha1981a | (= Raillardia menziesii)
Erigeron | BenDov2012
Galactites tomentosa | CarnerPe1986
Grindelia glutinosa | Balach1927 | (= Inula glutinosa)
Grindelia hirsutula | Ferris1920b | (= Grindelia cuneifolia)
Helianthus annuus | Hall1923
Olearia | DeLott1965a
Olearia paniculata | HodgsoHe2000
Osteospermum | DeLott1965a
Ozothamnus leptophyllus | HodgsoHe2000
Scolymus hispanicus | Marott1987
Tagetes terniflora | Granar1999 | (= Tagetes cabrerae)
Vernonia amygdalina | DeLott1956a

Bignoniaceae

Jacaranda mimosifolia | DeLott1956a Marott1987 | (= Jacaranda ovalifolia)
Markhamia lutea | DeLott1956a | (= Markhamia platycalyx)

Boraginaceae

Carmona | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
Cordia africana | DeLott1956a | (= Cordia abyssinica)
Cordia angiocarpa | Ballou1926
Cordia scabrifolia | Ballou1926
Ehretia tinifolia | Marott1987

Bruniaceae

Berzelia lanuginosa | Durr1954

Burseraceae

Garuga pinnata | Marott1987 | (= Garuga piumata)

Buxaceae

Buxus sempervirens | BugajNJuKa2021

Calophyllaceae

Calophyllum inophyllum | Ali1971

Campanulaceae

Clermontia | Nakaha1981a

Caricaceae

Carica papaya | GomezM1958b

Casuarinaceae

Casuarina | MifsudMaRu2014

Celastraceae

Brexia madagascariensis | KozarzRe1975 | (= Brexia spinosa)
Euonymus | DeLott1965a Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
Euonymus fortunei | JansenAl2023
Euonymus japonicus | DeLott1965a
Maytenus truncata | VitoriZaMa2013 | (= Maytenus ilicifolia)

Cistaceae

Cistus salviifolius | KozarFr1995

Combretaceae

Terminalia catappa | Ali1971 Mamet1959a

Convolvulaceae

Convolvulus floridus | CarnerPe1986 Lindin1911a
Dichondra repens | HodgsoHe2000

Crassulaceae

Crassula | GomezM1957 GomezM1958b
Crassula ovata | Marott1987 | (= Crassula portulacea)
Kalanchoe | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
Sedum | GomezM1958b

Cucurbitaceae

Cucurbita | BenDov2012
Cucurbita pepo | HodgsoHe2000 NeumanODGu2014

Cycadaceae

Cycas | GomezM1965 HodgsoHe2000 HodgsoHi1990
Cycas revoluta | Balach1927 BenDov1971 Borg1932 GomezM1958b Jansen1995

Dennstaedtiaceae

Pteridium esculentum | HodgsoHe2000

Dilleniaceae

Tetracera sarmentosa | Ali1971 | (= Dillenia sermentosa)

Ebenaceae

Diospyros kaki | Ballou1926 Marott1987

Ericaceae

Agauria salicifolia | Hodgso1969a
Arbutus unedo | Balach1931a
Calluna | BugajNJuKa2021
Calluna vulgaris | BugajNJuKa2021
Erica arborea | Balach1930 Balach1933e DeLott1965a Lindin1911a
Erica scoparia | Marott1987
Vaccinium | Nakaha1981a

Euphorbiaceae

Acalypha | Hall1923 Hodgso1967
Croton macrostachys | DeLott1956a
Euphorbia pulcherrima | DeLott1956a TangLi1988 | (= Poinsettia)
Hura crepitans | Newste1914
Manihot esculenta | Almeid1969 Almeid1973b Mamet1943a | (= Manihot utilissima)
Manihot palmata | GomezM1958b
Ricinus communis | GomezM1958b

Fabaceae

Acacia | Hall1935
Acacia koa | Nakaha1981a
Acacia saligna | DeLott1956a | (= Acacia cyanophylla)
Aeschynomene brasiliana | Ballou1926
Albizia julibrissin | BatsanKaKi2017
Bauhinia | Hall1922 Hall1924a Hall1935 Hodgso1967
Brachystegia | Hall1935
Cajanus cajan | Ali1971 Green1904d Hall1923 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Cajanus indicus)
Cassia | Hall1935
Cassia fistula | Ballou1926
Ceratonia siliqua | UnalAyKa2016
Cercis siliquastrum | Balach1927 GomezM1958b Marott1987
Enterolobium cyclocarpum | Ballou1926
Erythrina | Ali1971 Marott1987 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
Erythrina abyssinica | Hall1935 | (= Erythrina tomentosa)
Erythrina variegata | Green1904a | (= Erythrina lithosperma)
Lotus berthelotii | CarnerPe1986 Lindin1911a | (= Lotus peliorhynchus)
Senna bacillaris | Ballou1926 | (= Cassia hoffmannseggii)
Senna pallida | Ballou1926 | (= Cassia biflora)
Senna sulfurea | Ballou1926 | (= Cassia glauca)
Sesbania | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989
Tamarindus | GomezM1958b Marott1987
Tamarindus indica | ShafeeYoKh1989
Ulex | GomezM1946 GomezM1958b
Wisteria floribunda | DeLott1956a

Geraniaceae

Pelargonium zonale | Marott1987

Hydrangeaceae

Hydrangea | HodgsoHe2000
Hydrangea macrophylla | GomezM1958b | (= Hydrangea hortensis)

Juncaceae

Juncus acuminatus | DeLott1965a
Juncus littoralis | Bartle1960

Lamiaceae

Ballota hispanica | GomezM1957 GomezM1958b
Callicarpa americana | Marott1987
Callicarpa japonica | Marott1987
Clerodendrum nutans | Ballou1926
Rosmarinus officinalis | HodgsoHe2000 Marott1987
Tectona grandis | Ali1971
Vitex lucens | HodgsoHe2000

Lauraceae

Laurus nobilis | BenDov1971
Persea americana | BenDov1971

Lythraceae

Punica granatum | BenDov1971 Borg1932 Mamet1943a

Malvaceae

Abutilon | Borg1932 DeLott1965a HodgsoHe2000
Abutilon hirtum | Ferris1935 | (= Abutilon graveolens)
Adansonia digitata | Ballou1926
Alcea rosea | Hall1923 | (= Althaea rosea)
Althaea | GomezM1958b
Ceiba pentandra | Ballou1926
Chiranthodendron pentadactylon | DeLott1965a | (= Chiranthodendron pentadactylon)
Entelea arborescens | HodgsoHe2000
Eriodendron | Cocker1896k
Gossypium | Hall1935
Gossypium herbaceum | Ali1971
Grewia orientalis | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1937
Hibiscus | Balach1939 Balach1957c Borg1932 HodgsoHe2000 Mamet1959a
Hibiscus mutabilis | BenDov1971 | (= Hibiscus sinensis)
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | BenDov2012
Hibiscus syriacus | BugajNJuKa2021
Lagunaria patersonii | HodgsoHe2000
Lavatera | HodgsoHe2000
Malva sylvestris | KozarPaPa1991
Plagianthus divaricatus | HodgsoHe2000
Theobroma cacao | Potaev1993
Thespesia | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989
Thespesia populnea | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1937

Moraceae

Ficus | Hall1924a Hall1935 Hodgso1967 HodgsoHi1990 Jansen1995 Mamet1959a Newste1910
Ficus benjamina | KozarzRe1975
Ficus carica | Bartle1960 DeLott1956a Granar1999 Hall1923 Lindin1911a ShafeeYoKh1989 | inc.var. adriaticus
Ficus palmeri | Ferris1921
Ficus pandurata | Ballou1926
Ficus pumila | Ali1971
Ficus religiosa | Ballou1926
Ficus sycomorus | DeLott1956a Hall1923
Ficus thonningii | DeLott1956a | (= Ficus dekdekena)
Morus | GomezM1958b

Musaceae

Musa paradisiaca | MilleHeCa2016 | (= Musa sapientum)

Myricaceae

Morella serrata | Hodgso1969a

Myrtaceae

Eugenia | Ali1971
Eugenia uniflora | HodgsoHe2000
Melaleuca armillaris | GomezM1958b
Myrtus | Borg1932
Myrtus communis | GomezM1946 Balach1930 Balach1931a Lindin1911a Olivie1791 | ssp parvifolia,
Psidium | Cocker1899n Kirkal1902
Psidium guajava | Ali1971 BenDov1971 DeLott1956a Hall1922 Hall1924a Ramakr1930 Cocker1894c Mamet1959a ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Psidium pomiferum)

Nephrolepidaceae

Nephrolepis exaltata | Marott1987

Oleaceae

Fraxinus excelsior | FallahJa2017
Jasminum fruticans | Argyri1963
Nestegis lanceolata | HodgsoHe2000
Olea | Argyri1967 Borg1932 Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995 RosenHaSa1971
Olea capensis | BugajNJuKa2021 | (= Olea laurifolia)
Olea europaea | Marott1987 Balach1927 Balach1931a Balach1933a Balach1933e Balach1935b DeLott1956a Olivie1791 |
Osmanthus americanus | HamonWi1984
Osmanthus heterophyllus | HamonWi1984
Phillyrea | UlgentDo2019
Phillyrea angustifolia | Balach1933e
Phillyrea latifolia | Balach1930 | (= Phillyrea media)

Orchidaceae

Cymbidium | HodgsoHe2000
Geodorum densiflorum | Marott1987
Phalaenopsis | GoszczGo2011

Phyllanthaceae

Antidesma bunius | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1937
Uapaca kirkiana | Hall1935 Hodgso1967

Picrodendraceae

Picrodendron | Green1907 Mamet1943a | (= Schmidelia)

Pinaceae

Pinus | DeLott1965a

Piperaceae

Piper | Argyri1963

Pittosporaceae

Pittosporum | Argyri1963 Balach1939 HodgsoHe2000
Pittosporum tobira | GomezM1958b Marott1987

Plantaginaceae

Hebe elliptica | HodgsoHe2000
Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora | GomezM1958b
Veronica | GomezM1958b

Poaceae

Arundo donax | CarnerPe1986

Polygalaceae

Polygala sibirica | TangLi1988

Polygonaceae

Antigonon leptopus | EzzatHu1969
Coccoloba uvifera | Beards1966c HamonWi1984
Homalocladium platycladum | Marott1987 | (= Muehlenbeckia platyclada)

Primulaceae

Myrsine africana | Marott1987
Myrsine australis | HodgsoHe2000

Proteaceae

Protea gaguedi | Hall1935 | (= Protea abyssinica)

Pteridaceae

Adiantum | CarnerPe1986 Lindin1911a

Rhamnaceae

Ceanothus | Ferris1920b
Rhamnus crenulata | Lindin1911a
Rhamnus oleoides | MifsudMaRu2014

Rosaceae

Cliffortia nitidula | Hodgso1969a
Cotoneaster pannosus | BenDov1971
Crataegus | Argyri1963
Crataegus mexicana | PadillMaNa2016
Crataegus monogyna | KozarPaPa1991
Cydonia | DeLott1965a
Eriobotrya japonica | BenDov1971
Malus domestica | Argyri1963 | (= Pyrus malus)
Malus prunifolia | Argyri1963
Prunus | Argyri1963 Hall1924a
Prunus armeniaca | Hall1923 Marott1987 | (= Armeniaca vulgaris)
Prunus avium | Marott1987
Prunus domestica | Hall1922
Prunus persica | Argyri1963 Hodgso1969a Marott1987 | (= Persica vulgaris)
Pyrus communis | Argyri1963 HodgsoHe2000
Pyrus cordata | DeLott1965a | (= Pyrus longipes)
Pyrus pyrifolia | HodgsoHe2000
Rosa | HodgsoHe2000

Rubiaceae

Coffea | ShafeeYoKh1989
Coffea arabica | Ali1971 BenDov1971 DeLott1956a
Coprosma repens | HodgsoHe2000
Faramea occidentalis | Ballou1926 | (= Faramea odoratissima)
Gardenia jasminoides | Ali1971 | (= Gardenia florida)
Ixora coccinea | TrindaNaMu2016
Serissa | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995

Rutaceae

Aegle marmelos | Ballou1926
Atalantia citroides | Ballou1926
Casimiroa edulis | DeLott1956a
Choisya ternata | HodgsoHe2000
Citropsis articulata | Ballou1926
Citrus | Almeid1973b ArgyriMi1975 Balach1927 CarvalAg1997 DeLott1965a Rosen1967
Citrus aurantium | GomezM1958b BenDov1971 GomezM1958b PerezGCa1987
Citrus hystrix | Ballou1926
Citrus limon | DeLott1965a GomezM1958b
Citrus lucida | Ballou1926 | (= Feroniella oblata)
Citrus paradisi | BenDov1993
Citrus reticulata | Granar1999
Citrus sinensis | Ballou1926 Cocker1895x
Clausena lansium | Ballou1926
Rutaceae | DanzigKo1990
Swinglea glutinosa | Ballou1926 | (= Chaetospermum glutinosa)

Salicaceae

Azara | Willia1985b
Azara microphylla | GonzalLa1989
Salix babylonica | Hall1923

Santalaceae

Korthalsella lindsayi | HenderSuRo2010
Viscum album | DeLott1965a
Viscum cruciatum | BenDov1971

Sapindaceae

Aesculus pavia | Marott1987
Blighia sapida | Ballou1926
Cupania juglandifolia | Ballou1926 | (= Cupania cubensis)
Dimocarpus longan | Ali1971 Mamet1943a | (= Euphoria longana)
Dodonaea | Marott1987 Nakaha1981a
Exothea paniculata | Ballou1926
Litchi chinensis | HodgsoHe2000 Mamet1943a
Nephelium ramboutan-ake | Ali1971 Mamet1943a

Sapotaceae

Manilkara | Ali1971 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Sapota)
Manilkara zapota | Ballou1926 | (= Achras sapota)
Mimusops coriacea | Mamet1943a | (= Mimusops bojeri)
Planchonella costata | HodgsoHe2000 | (= Pouteria costata)
Sideroxylon lycioides | BugajNJuKa2021

Scrophulariaceae

Myoporum laetum | BenDov1971 HodgsoHe2000
Myoporum montanum | Marott1987 | (= Myoporum punctulatum)
Myoporum tenuifolium | Marott1987 | (= Myoporum pictum)

Solanaceae

Brunfelsia nitida | Ballou1926
Solanum | Cocker1892a Ferris1920b
Solanum aviculare | HodgsoHe2000
Solanum tuberosum | BenDov2012

Stilbaceae

Halleria lucida | Marott1987

Symplocaceae

Symplocos paniculata | Marott1987

Tamaricaceae

Tamarix | HodgsoHi1990
Tamarix africana | Marott1987
Tamarix aphylla | Varshn1992 | (= Tamarix articulata
Tamarix gallica | Marott1987

Taxaceae

Taxus baccata | KozarFr1995

Theaceae

Camellia sinensis | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989

Thelypteridaceae

Pseudocyclosorus tylodes | ReddyKu2019 | (= Thelypteris tylodes)

Verbenaceae

Duranta | Green1904d
Duranta erecta | Ali1971 Green1937 Marott1987 | (=Duranta plumieri, Duranta integrifolia)
Verbena rigida | Marott1987

Vitaceae

Vitis vinifera | Argyri1963 Hall1923 Hall1924a Hall1935 HodgsoHe2000

Foes:

Families: 11 | Genera: 37

Aphelinidae

Coccophagus baldassarii | Comper1931b
Coccophagus basalis | PradoMaCo2015
Coccophagus bivittatus | MyartsRuCo2016
Coccophagus brethesi | PradoMaCo2015
Coccophagus capensis | Comper1961
Coccophagus caridei | PradoMaCo2015
Coccophagus ceroplastae | SmithCo1926 | (= Coccophagus modestus)
Coccophagus eusaissetiae | AnneckMy1979a | (= Prococcophagus saissetiae)
Coccophagus fallax | PradoMaCo2015
Coccophagus lycimnia | Kennet1986 TenaBaGa2004
Coccophagus mexicensis | MyartsRu2000
Coccophagus ochraceus | MyartsRu2000
Coccophagus oculatipennis | PradoMaCo2015
Coccophagus pallidiceps | PradoMaCo2015
Coccophagus probus | AnneckMy1979a | (= Prococcophagus probus)
Coccophagus pulchellus | ArgyriStMo1976
Coccophagus pulvinariae | Comper1931b | (= Coccophagus eritreaensis)
Coccophagus quaestor | MyartsRuCo2016a
Coccophagus rusti | Parede2019
Coccophagus scutellaris | AbdRab2002b Kennet1986
Coccophagus varius | AnneckMy1979a | (= Prococcophagus varius)
Lounsburyia trifasciata | Comper1961
Marietta caridei | AmouroCrCo2019
Marietta mexicana | MyartsRu2000

Coccinellidae

Adalia decempunctata | ArgyriStMo1976
Azya luteipes | MontilRa2016
Chilocorus bipustulatus | ArgyriStMo1976
Coccinella septempunctata | ArgyriStMo1976
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri | MilleHeCa2016
Exochomus flavipes | ArgyriStMo1976
Exochomus quadripustulatus | ArgyriStMo1976 Kacar2015
Oenopia conglobata | ArgyriStMo1976
Pharoscymnus pharoides | FallahJa2010
Platynaspis luteorubra | ArgyriStMo1976
Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata | Kacar2015
Rhyzobius ventralis | Comper1961
Scymnus frontalis | ArgyriStMo1976
Scymnus fulvicollis | ArgyriStMo1976
Scymnus subvillosus | ArgyriStMo1976
Thalassa montezumae | GiovanMaSa2024

Encyrtidae

Aloencyrtus saissetiae | PradoMaCo2015
Cheiloneurus inimicus | Kennet1986
Cheiloneurus noxius | Kennet1986
Diversinervus elegans | PradoMaCo2015
Encyrtus aurantii | MifsudFsMa2012 Parede2019 | (= Encyrtus aurantii)
Encyrtus infelix | MilleHeCa2016
Gahaniella saissetiae | MyartsRuCo2016a
Metaphycus anneckei | YustHo1942
Metaphycus flavus | Blumbe1997
Metaphycus hageni | YustHo1942
Metaphycus helvolus | BasheeAsRa2014 Blumbe1997 BlumbeSw1977 Flande1953a
Metaphycus lounsburyi | BlumbeSw1977 BlumbeSw1982 SmithCo1920 ViggiaPaTz1975 | (= Metaphycus bartletti)
Metaphycus luteolus | Kennet1986
Metaphycus stanleyi | AmouroCrCo2019
Metaphycus swirskii | Blumbe1997 BlumbeSw1982
Metaphycus zebratus | PriesnHo1940
Microterys tricoloricornis | FallahJa2017
Tremblaya oleae | PriesnHo1940

Eupelmidae

Eueupelmus | MontilRa2016
Eupelmus coccidivorus | PradoMaCo2015
Lecaniobius utilis | PradoMaCo2015

Malvaceae

Durio | Suh2023

Noctuidae

Coccidiphaga scitula | ArgyriStMo1976 MansouGrSu2016 | (= Eublemma scitula)
Eublemma scitula | GaikwaKeKa2022

Phlaeothripidae

Karnyothrips flavipes | PriesnHo1940

Pteromalidae

Mesopeltita truncatipennis | PradoMaCo2015
Scutellista caerulea | BadaryAb2011 Balach1930e MansouGrSu2016 ViggiaPaTz1975 PriesnHo1940 TenaBaGa2004 | (= Scutellista cyanea),(= Scutellista cyanea),

Pyemotidae

Pyemotes herfsi | TenaBaGa2004

Signiphoridae

Chartocerus niger | PradoMaCo2015
Signiphora bifasciata | AmouroCrCo2019

Tenebrionidae

Berginus tamarisci | MansouGrSu2016

Associates:

Families: 1 | Genera: 1

Formicidae

Crematogaster | MansouGrSu2016

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 106

Algeria | Balach1927 DeLott1965a Mamet1943a

Angola | Almeid1969 Almeid1973b

Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua | WalkerWaEv1974

Argentina

Buenos Aires | Granar1999
Jujuy | Granar1999
Mendoza | Granar1999
Santa Fe | Granar1999
Tucuman | GranarCl2003

Armenia | BenDov1993

Australia | DeLott1976 Frogga1915 Mamet1943a

Austria | DeLott1965a

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan SSR | BenDov1993

Azores | CarvalFrAg1996 Fernan1981 LopesFiMa2008

Balearic Islands

Majorca | Balach1935b DeLott1965a GomezM1946 GomezM1954 GomezM1958b GomezM1960O GomezM1965

Belgium | Malump2016

Bermuda | HodgsoHi1990 HodgsoHi1991

Bonin Islands (=Ogasawara-Gunto) | Kawai1987

Brazil | Mamet1943a TrindaNaMu2016

Minas Gerais | PradoMaCo2015
Rio Grande do Sul | PerronEdEn2014
Sao Paulo | AlmeidPeMa2018

Bulgaria | KozarTzVi1979 TrenchTo2014

Cameroon | BenDov1993

Canary Islands | GomezM1967O Lindin1911a PerezGCa1987

Chile | DeLott1976 DuranCo1941 GonzalLa1989 KondoGu2010 RipaLaRo2008

Coquimbo | PizarrAlBa2020

China

Hunan | HuHeWa1992
Nei Monggol (=Inner Mongolia) | LongoMaPe1995
Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | MartinLa2011
Xizang (=Tibet) | HuHeWa1992

Christmas Island | AbbottGr2007

Colombia | Kondo2001

Comoros | BenDov1993

Corsica | Foldi2003 Mamet1943a

Cote d'Ivoire (=Ivory Coast) | BenDov1993

Crete | Ayouta1940 PellizPoSe2011

Croatia | Masten2007

Cuba | Ballou1926

Cyprus | DeLott1965a SismanUl2010

Denmark | BenDov1993

Egypt | EzzatHu1969 Hall1922 Hall1923 Hall1924a Mamet1943a

El Salvador | QuezadCoDi1972

Eritrea | DeLott1956a

Ethiopia | DeLott1959

France | Balach1930 Balach1931a Balach1933a Balach1933e Balach1939 DeLott1965a

French Polynesia

Society Islands | DoaneHa1909 Ferris1935

Georgia (Republic of) | YasnosTaCh2005

Greece | Argyri1963 Argyri1967 Argyri1983 ArgyriMi1975 Kozar1985 KozarPaPa1991 SzitaFeBe2017

Guadeloupe | Balach1957c MatileEt2006

Guatemala | DeLott1971b Willia2010

Guiana | Remill1988

Haiti | PerezG2008

Hawaiian Islands

Hawaii | Kirkal1902 Kirkal1904 Mamet1943a

Hungary | KozarKoFe2013

India | Ali1971 Mamet1943a Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989

Assam | Ali1971
Karnataka | PrakasPa2015

Indonesia

Java | Green1904a

Iran | Ahmad1975 Kaussa1957

Israel | BenDov1993 Bodenh1924 RosenHaSa1971

Italy | DeLott1965a Hodgso1994a LongoMaPe1995

Sicily | Liotta1970

Jamaica | Cocker1892a Kirkal1902

Japan | Mamet1943a

Jordan | AlFwaeAbHa2013

Kenya | DeLott1956a Newste1910

Latvia | Stalaz2021

Libya | BenDov1993

Lord Howe Island | WilliaWa1990

Madagascar | Mamet1959a

Madeira Islands | CarvalAg1997 CarvalFrAg1996 Green1923b

Malawi | Hodgso1969a

Malaysia | Ali1971

Malta | Borg1932 HaberMi2007 MifsudMaRu2014

Marcus Island | Mamet1943a

Marshall Islands | BenDov1993

Martinique | MatileEt2006

Mauritius | Mamet1943a

Mexico | Bartle1960 Cocker1899n DeLott1971b Mamet1943a

Baja California Norte | Ferris1921
Chihuahua | PadillMaNa2016
Michoacan | PadillMaNa2016
Morelos | PadillMaNa2016
Nayarit | PadillMaNa2016
Nuevo Leon | PadillMaNa2016
San Luis Potosi |
Sinaloa | PadillMaNa2016
Sonora | PadillMaNa2016
Tamaulipas | PadillMaNa2016
Veracruz | PadillMaNa2016

Morocco | Balach1927 Mamet1943a Rungs1970 Vayssi1920

Netherlands | Jansen1995

New Caledonia | WilliaWa1990

New Zealand | Green1929 HenderSuRo2010 HodgsoHe2000 Kirkal1902 Mamet1943a | Willia2013

Three Kings Islands | HodgsoHe2000

Norfolk Island | WilliaWa1990

Northern Mariana Islands | BenDov1993

Pakistan | BenDov1993 Varshn1992

Palau | Mamet1943a

Panama | Cocker1899n

Peru | AguilaSaNu1980a

Philippines | Mamet1943a

Poland | LagowsGo2020

Portugal | CarvalFrAg1996 DeLott1965a KozarFr1995

Puerto Rico & Vieques Island

Puerto Rico | Martor1976 NakahaMi1981

Romania | Savesc1982 Teodor2018

Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) | KinjoNaHi1996

Saint Lucia | Malump2012b

Sardinia | Melis1930 Pelliz2011

Saudi Arabia | BenDov1993

Senegal | EtiennMa1993

Seychelles

Aldabra Island | Green1907 Mamet1943a WilliaMa2009b

Slovakia | KorenMiJa2004

Slovenia | Janezi1954 Seljak2010

South Africa | Brain1920a DeLott1976 Mamet1943a

Spain | GomezM1955 GomezM1958b | GomezM1957 LongoMaPe1995 TenaSoVe2007

Sri Lanka | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1937 Mamet1943a

Switzerland | DeLott1965a

Syria | BasheeAsRa2014

Taiwan | Ali1971 Mamet1943a WongChCh1999

Tanzania | Newste1908c Newste1911a

Thailand | Ali1971

Trinidad and Tobago

Trinidad | Cocker1894c Cocker1896k

Tunisia | Balach1927 Jarray1970 Mamet1943a

Turkey | Bodenh1953 KumralKo2005 Tuncyu1970a

Uganda | Mamet1943a Newste1913 Newste1914

Ukraine | Terezn1981

United Kingdom

England | DeLott1965a MalumpBa2012 Newste1903

United States

Arizona | Cocker1895x
California | ArgyriKa1977 Bartle1960 DeLott1971b DeLott1976 Ferris1920b King1903b
Colorado | HamonWi1984
Connecticut | HamonWi1984
Florida | DeLott1971b HamonWi1984
Indiana | DietzMo1916a
Kansas | HamonWi1984
Louisiana | DeLott1971b
Massachusetts | HamonWi1984
New Jersey | DeLott1971b
New Mexico | HamonWi1984
New York | HamonWi1984
South Carolina | HamonWi1984
Washington | HamonWi1984

Vietnam | DanzigKo1990

Yugoslavia | Kozar1983a

Zimbabwe | Hall1935 Hodgso1967 Hodgso1969a

Keys

CaoZhFe2019: pp.60-61 ( Adult (F) ) [Saissetia species in China]
KondoMoDi2018: pp.381-382 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae associated with Rosmarinus]
ChoiSoLe2018: pp.6-7 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae in Laos]
ZhangCaFe2018: pp.102 ( Adult (F) ) [Saissetia in China]
WolffEfDa2018: pp.5-6 ( Adult (F) ) [Secies recorded on Olea europaea in Brazil]
MoghadSaAb2015: pp.229 ( Adult (F) ) [Saissetia in Iran]
MohammMo2013: pp.146-148 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species and subspecies of family coccidae in Egypt]
KondoGu2010: pp.13-14 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae species of Chile]
HodgsoHe2000: pp.195 ( Adult (F) ) [New Zealand]
Granar1999: pp.158 ( Adult (F) ) [Argentina]
Koszta1996: pp.323 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastren North America]
Tang1991: pp.216 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
WilliaWa1990: pp.160 ( Adult (F) ) [Tropical South Pacific]
Gill1988: pp.103 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, California]
HamonWi1984: pp.108 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Florida]
TaoWoCh1983: pp.72 ( Adult (F) ) [Taiwan]
Kawai1980: pp.157 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
EzzatHu1969: pp.474 ( Adult (F) ) [Egypt]
Beards1966: pp.494 ( Adult (F) ) [Micronesia]
Borchs1957: pp.332 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic region]
Zimmer1948: pp.320 ( Adult (F) ) [Hawaii]

Remarks

Systematics: Subfamily: Coccinae B, Saissetiini (Choi & Lee, 2019) The correct name of this species is Saissetia oleae (Oilivier, 1791). Until 1970 it was erroneously named as Saissetia oleae (Bernard, 1783). For a detailed discussion on this case refer to De Lotto (1971). Ben-Dov (1993) erroneously indicated that type material of Coccus testudo Curtis, 1843 was lost. However, Ken Walker (Department of Entomology, Museum of Victoria, Abbotsford, Victoria, Australia) in personal communication (May 2002) to Yair Ben-Dov, informed that the types are deposited in the Victoria Museum.
Structure: Colour photograph by Kawai (1980, Fig. 6.42), Hamon & Williams (1984), Gill (1988), Katsoyannos (1996), Crvalho & Aguiar (1997), Wong et al. (1999), Hodgson & Henderson (2000) and by Germain et al., (2003). The body of females is from 2.5 to 6 mm in size, convex, ranging in colour from light to dark brown. On the dorsal side there is visible a characteristic, protruding, H-shaped pattern, which allows to differentiate the species easily from another, similar species belonging to the same genus, i.e. S. coffeae. (Gharbi, 2021)
Biology: Bodenheimer (1951a) reported one generation on citrus in Israel, while Blumberg et al. (1975) observed bivoltine populations. Peleg (1965) recorded in Israel one generation on citrus, one generation on unirrigated olive, while two generations on irrigated olive. One generation per year on olive in Greece (Argyriou, 1963; Paloukis, 1979). One generation per year in inner areas of california, while two in Coastal counties (Quayle, 1911; Bartlett, 1978; Gill, 1988). Beingolea (1969b) reported two generations on Citrulus and on sprouting potatoes in Peru. Two generations per year in Spain (Llorens Climent, 1984).
De Lotto (1965, 1976) suggested that the centre of origin and natural diffusion of the species are in the southern district of the Cape Province, South Africa. Biology and ecology on olive in Crete by Neuenschwander & Paraskakis (1980) and Paraskakis et al. (1980). Spatial distribution on olive in Spain by Briales & Campos (1988). Rearing methods by Flanders (1942) and by Blumberg & Swirski (1977).
Population dynamics on citrus in Israel by Podoler et al. (1979a, 1979b) and by Mendel et al. (1982, 1984a, 1984b)
Economic Importance: A major pest of citrus in many countries, and of olive in the Mediterranean region (Bodenheimer, 1951a; Bartlett, 1978). Biological control campaigns reviewed by Bartlett (1978). Biological control on olive in Cyprus by Orphanides (1993), France (Panis (1983). Natural enemies in Italy (Martelli, 1908), Libya (Lal & Naji, 1979, 1980). Chemical control by IGR (Peleg & Gothilf, 1981). The Arbequina cultivar of olive showed a lower level of pest attack than the Koroneiki cultivar in Brazil. (Martins, et al., 2010) This scale is considered a pest of olive trees in Brazil and Argentina and is spread over all producer regions (Múrua and Fidalgo, 2001). It is also considered one of the most important pest in Chile, commonly found in groves with impaired pruning (Contreras et al., 2009), in Peru, with losses of up to 80% (Beingolea, 1969; Lazo et al., 2008) and in Uruguay (Villamil and Albin, 2006).
General Remarks: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Zimmerman (1948), De Lotto (1969a), Ezzat & Hussein (1969), Hamon & Williams (1984), Gill (1988), Williams & Watson (1990), Tang (1991), Hodgson (1994a), Granara de Willink (1999) and by Hodgson & Henderson (2000).

Illustrations

Citations

AbbottGr2007: biological control, distribution, ecology, host, 1238-1246
AbdRab2001: biological control, distribution, host, 169-172
AbdRab2002b: biological control, distribution, host, 39-44
AbdRab2004: biological control, distribution, host, 233-237
AbdRab2004a: biological control, distribution, host, 51-56
AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 30
AbouEl2001: biological control, distribution, host, 185-195
Ahmad1975: biological control, distribution, host, 221-223
AlFwaeAbHa2013: distribution, 2
AlShamQu2024: natural enemies, 2
Ali1971: distribution, host, 40
Almeid1969: distribution, host, 149-152
Almeid1973b: distribution, host, 6
AlmeidPeMa2018: distribution, host, 355
AlrouePrCa1981: biological control, distribution, host, 281-290
AlrouePrCa1981: biological control, distribution, host, 281-280
AltierNi1999: biological control, 975-991
AmouroCrCo2019: distribution, natural enemies, 12
AmouroCrGe2017: phylogenetics, phylogeny, 3
AnneckMy1979: biological control, 143-150
AnneckMy1979a: biological control, distribution, host, 290-297
ArgovRo1988: biological control, 303-314
Argyri1963: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 353-376
Argyri1967: distribution, host, 66-67
Argyri1969a: biological control, distribution, host, 1-4
Argyri1970: biological control, distribution, host, 57-65
Argyri1983: distribution, host, 365
Argyri1986: biological control, distribution, host, 545-548
ArgyriKa1977: biological control, distribution, host, 200-208
ArgyriMi1975: biological control, distribution, host, 251-254
ArgyriMi1976: biological control, 24
ArgyriStMo1976: biological control, distribution, host, 24
ArouaKaBe2019: distribution, host,
AverseGrPi2005: distribution, host, life history, 32-36
Ayouta1940: distribution, host, 2-4
Ayouta1940: host, 2-4
BaMhamCh2001: biological control, 527-531
BadaryAb2011: biological control, distribution, host, 55
BagnolRaLo1982: chemical control, 111-120
Balach1927: distribution, host, 184,186
Balach1930: distribution, host, 313
Balach1930e: biological control, distribution, host, 221
Balach1931a: distribution, host, 99
Balach1932d: distribution, host, LVI-LVII
Balach1933a: distribution, host, 41
Balach1933e: distribution, host, 5
Balach1935b: distribution, host, 263
Balach1939: distribution, host, 255
Balach1957c: distribution, host, 207
Ballou1926: catalog, distribution, host, 39-40
BanksCa1973: chemical control, 154
BarredSaGa2005: distribution, host, life history, 211
Bartle1959: biological control, 1-2
Bartle1960: biological control, distribution, host, 383-385
Bartle1969: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 875-878
Bartle1978: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 67-73
BartleBa1966: biological control, life history, physiology, 42-45
Barzma1992: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 1-107
BarzmaDa2001: biological control, ecology, life history, 237-247
BasheeAsRa2014: biological control, 48
BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 256
Beards1966: distribution, host, taxonomy, 494,496
Beards1966c: distribution, host, 174
BecerrMiGo2002: chemical control, 7-10
Beingo1969c: distribution, host, life history, 130-136
Beingo1969d: biological control, distribution, host, 827-838
BellowVa1999: biological control, ecology, 199-223
BenDov1993: catalog, 316
BenDov1993: catalog, 313-316
BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 27, 44
Benfat1982: chemical control, 155-161
BennetRoCo1976: biological control, economic importance, 359-395
BerlesBePa1907: biological control, 48-95
Blumbe1977: anatomy, biological control, life history, structure, 185-192
Blumbe1997: biological control, ecology, 225-236
BlumbeSw1977: biological control, economic importance, life history, 147-150
BlumbeSw1977a: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 115-118
BlumbeSw1982: biological control, economic importance, life history, 281-286
BlumbeSw1988: biological control, economic importance, 1209-1213
BlumbeSw1988a: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 45-56
BlumbeSwGr1975: distribution, ecology, economic importance, host, life history, 19-24
BlumbeSwWy1995: biological control, distribution, host, 33-44
Bodenh1935: distribution, host, 249
Bodenh1937: distribution, host, 219
Bodenh1951a: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 381-387
Boisdu1867: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 323
Bolu2012: biological control, 110
Borchs1950b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 152-153
Borchs1957: biological control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 335-340
Borg1919: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 31-33
Borg1932: distribution, host, 14
Bottre1979: biological control, chemical control,
Boyce1928: chemical control, 715-720
Boyce1948: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
Brader1979: biological control, chemical control, 225
Brain1920a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 5,10-11
BrainKe1917: distribution, host, 183
BrialeCa1988: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 28-34
Brimbl1962: distribution, economic importance, host, 227
Brock1925: distribution, economic importance, host, 349,366
Brooks1964a: chemical control, 3,30
BrooksTh1962: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 813-814
BruniCa1980: biological control, chemical control, distribution, host, 13-17
BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 297
Bulloc1976: chemical control, distribution, 32
CABI1952: distribution, 1-2
Calkin1983: distribution, economic importance, 321
CamachCh2015: distribution, host, 8
CamposSa1983: distribution, economic importance, host, 9
CaoZhFe2019: key, 60-61
CarmanEw1950: chemical control, distribution, host, 15A-16A
CarmanEwJe1951: chemical control, host, 1-16
CarmanEwJe1956: chemical control,
CarmanEwJe1957: chemical control,
CarmanEwJe1958: chemical control,
CarmanEwJe1959: chemical control,
CarmanEwJe1960: chemical control,
CarmanEwJe1961: chemical control,
CarmanEwJe1962: chemical control,
CarmanEwJe1976: control, distribution, host, 14-68
CarmanEwRi1980: control, distribution, host, 14-77
Carrer1979: biological control, distribution, host, 521-526
CarrerLiPa1977: biological control, distribution, host, 548-551
CarvalAg1997: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 168-170
CarvalFrAg1996: distribution, economic importance, host, 614
CasillLaTa1971: chemical control, 395-404
CebeciSe2004: distribution, host, 212
Cendan1937: biological control, 337-339
ChapotDe1964: distribution, economic importance, host,
CharleCoMu2005: distribution, host, 1-4
ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
ChoiSoLe2018: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 54-56
Chou1947a: chemical control, 36
CiampoLu1977: chemical control, 26876-26883
Cirio1979: biological control, distribution, host, 297-303
Clause1951: ecology, life history, 1-8
Clause1958: biological control, 291-310
Clause1958a: biological control, distribution, host, 443-447
Cocker1892a: distribution, host, 55
Cocker1892b: distribution, host, 334
Cocker1893g: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 55
Cocker1893j: distribution, host, 254
Cocker1894c: distribution, host, 307
Cocker1894d: distribution, host, 311
Cocker1895x: distribution, host, 257
Cocker1896b: distribution, 331
Cocker1896k: distribution, host, iv
Cocker1899n: distribution, host, 12
Cocker1901e: taxonomy, 31
Collar1918: distribution, host, 154-162
Comper1922: biological control, distribution, economic importance, 29-30
Comper1925: biological control, 295-326
Comper1928a: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 231-334
Comper1931b: biological control, 247-255
Comper1937: biological control, 43-51
Comper1938: biological control, 315-337
Comper1939a: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 75-90
Comper1940b: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 387-425
Comper1961: biological control, 182, 211
Comper1961a: biological control, 17-71
ComperAn1961: biological control, distribution, host, 17
Comsto1881a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 485-486
Conti1987: ecology, life history, 73-81
Conway1951: distribution, economic importance, host, 159-164
CorrenVi1985: chemical control, distribution, 379-382
CorviTaTu1982: chemical control, 253-260
CostaL1924: distribution, host, 135
Cottie1939: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 145-146
CouturMaRi1985: distribution, host, taxonomy, 277
CozziStMo2002: biological control, distribution, host, 811-814
Cressm1958: chemical control, 911-912
Curtis1843: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 443
DaaneBaCa1991: biological control, distribution, host, 6-9
DaaneBaCa2000: biological control, distribution, host, 269-284
DaaneCa1989: chemical control, distribution, host, 89-90
DahlstHa1999: economic importance, 919-933
Danzig1972: distribution, host, 205-206
DanzigKo1990: distribution, host, 45
DarvasVi1983: chemical control, 455-463
DavidsDiFl1991: chemical control, 1-47
DavoodTaRa2004a: biological control, 887-899
DeBach1943a: biological control, 647-658
DeBachDiFl1951: biological control, 347-348
DeBachDiFl1951: biological control, 1,14
DeBachHuMa1976: biological control, 255-285
DeLott1956a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 241-243
DeLott1959: distribution, taxonomy, 152
DeLott1965a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 223-228
DeLott1971a: taxonomy, 149
DeLott1971b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 325-326
DeLott1976: distribution, host, 147-148
DelGue1906: distribution, host, 257-263
DelrioOrUs1979: biological control, distribution, host, 539-541
Delucc1975: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy,
DeluccRoSc1976: biological control, taxonomy, 81-91
DengYuWa2021: illustration, symbionts, 4
DoaneHa1909: distribution, host, 297
Dosba2001: distribution, economic importance, 105-114
Dougla1887b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 97
DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 114
Dozier1926a: biological control, distribution, host, 97
Duran1977: biological control, distribution, host, 255-256
DuranCo1941: biological control, distribution, host, 98-99
Durr1954: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 90-92
EMPPO2004c: distribution, economic importance, host, 43-56
EfromRoWo2019: distribution, host, 126
EhlerEn1984: biological control, chemical control, distribution, 1-47
ElimemJeLa2022: distribution, host, illustration, natural enemies,
ElmerEwCa1951: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 593-597
ElsebaAh2017: distribution, host, 1072
ElwanAs2000: distribution, host, life history, 177-187
EtiennMa1993: distribution, host, 256
EtzelLe1999: biological control, 125-197
Ewart1969: chemical control, 879-880
EwartEl1953a: distribution, economic importance, host, 352
EwartMe1956: chemistry, 441-447
EzzatHu1969: description, host distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 413-415
EzzatNa1987: distribution, 86
FallahJa2017: distribution, host, natural enemies, 20, 21, 23, 33
FavretOuWi2014: taxonomy, 71
Fernal1903b: 205-207
Fernan1981: distribution, host, 48
Ferrar1978: chemical control, 69-83
Ferris1920b: distribution, host, 36
Ferris1921: distribution, host, 90
Ferris1935: distribution, host, 128
Fimian1971: chemical control, 145-160
Fimian1980: chemical control, 219-223
Flande1932: distribution, host, 1240-1241
Flande1937: biological control, 401-422
Flande1938: biological control, 167-180
Flande1939a: biological control, 11-26
Flande1939b: biological control, 152
Flande1940b: biological control, ecology, 245-253
Flande1941: chemical control, 285,306
Flande1942: biological control, 687-689
Flande1942d: biological control, 251-266
Flande1949a: life history, 257-274
Flande1949b: biological control, 222-224
Flande1949c: biological control, life history, 406-407
Flande1951b: biological control, 93-98
Flande1953a: biological control, distribution, host, 266-269
Flande1959b: biological control, 125-142
Flande1965: biological control, distribution, host, 409-422
Flesch1960: biological control, 183-208
Fletch1951: distribution, host, 1-24
Foldi2000: distribution, host, 82
Foldi2003: distribution, host, 151
FoldiGe2018: distribution, 9
FrancoPa1991: chemical control, distribution, host, life history, 282-285
FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 7,23
Frank2021: ecology, natural enemies, 8
Frogga1915: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 610-611
FrohliRo1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-10
FuenteRoGa2024: biological control, distribution, 3
GaikwaKeKa2022: natural enemies, 4
Garcia1916: biological control, distribution, host, 776-788
Gendri1999: biological control, 1-6
Georgh1977: distribution, host, 149
Germai2011: distribution, economic importance, 31-34
Germai2011a: distribution, economic importance, 8
GermaiBe2003: taxonomy, 44
GermaiMaPi2002: distribution, host, 254
GermaiMaPi2003: distribution, host, structure, 22-23
Gharbi2021: biology, distribution, host, structure, 6
Gianot1967a: structure, 5-25
Gill1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 103-110
GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
GomezC1950: biological control, distribution, host, 1-18
GomezM1937: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 256-262
GomezM1946: distribution, host, 88
GomezM1954: distribution, host, 136
GomezM1955: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 205-208
GomezM1957: distribution, host, 62
GomezM1958b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 59-61
GomezM1958b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 50-58
GomezM1958c: distribution, host, 407
GomezM1958c: distribution, host, 407
GomezM1960O: distribution, host, 182
GomezM1965: distribution, host, 111-112
GomezM1967O: distribution, host, 133
Gonzal1969: biological control, distribution, host, 839-847
Gonzal1989: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 83,89
Gonzal2016: biology, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 36, 42, 195, 219-220, 222-226
GonzalLa1989: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 240-241
Gordh1994: biological control, 188-205
GoszczGo2011: biological control, distribution, host, 112-113
GradyRe1940: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 1-32
GraebnMoBa1984: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 27-33
Granar1999: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 164-165
GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 625-637
Granov1929: life history, structure, 445-456
Greath1971: biological control, distribution, host,
Greath1973: biological control, 29-33
Greath1976: biological control, economic importance,
Green1895: distribution, host, 232
Green1904a: distribution, host, 206
Green1904d: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 227
Green1907: distribution, host, 200
Green1923b: distribution, host, 88
Green1929: distribution, host, 376
Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 304
Greig1944: distribution, economic importance, host,
GruwelVoPa2005: taxonomy, 79-114
Guario2001: biological control, 75-86
GuarioLaAl2001: chemical control, distribution, host, 65-70
GugliuMaMa2019: host, list, 4
HaberMi2007: distribution, host, 148
Hadzib1983: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 134-135
HakkonPi1984: biological control, 1109-1121
HalimaGeMd2014: description, distribution, host, illustration, 285-289
Hall1922: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 22-23
Hall1923: distribution, host, 41
Hall1924a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 11
Hall1935: distribution, host, 80
Hall1969: economic importance, 823-826
HamonWi1984: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, key, life history, taxonomy, 114-115
HarpazRo1971: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 458-468
Hellri2004: distribution, host, 86
Hempel1900a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 425
Hempel1920: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 33-34
HenderRh2001: structure, taxonomy, 1-14
HenderSuRo2010: distribution, host, 4
Heptin1971: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-5
Hodgso1967: distribution, host, 16-17
Hodgso1969a: distribution, host, 36
Hodgso1994a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 140-143
HodgsoHe2000: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 195,204,210-212
HodgsoHi1990: distribution, host, 3,4,6,8,10,15,18,21
HodgsoHi1991: distribution, host, 137
HoffmaRiSh1998: biological control, 268-293
HuHeWa1992: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 188
HuffakMeDe1971: biological control, distribution, host, 16-67
HuffakSiLa1976: biological control, 41-78
Inserr1968: biological control, distribution, host, 45-77
Iperti1961: biological control, economic importance, 14-30
IshaaySw1976: chemical control, chemistry, physiology, 1025-1029
Ishii1926: biological control, 31-36
Jancar2003: distribution, host, 5-8
Janezi1954: distribution, host, 125
Jansen1995: distribution, host, 134,142
JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 24,33
Jarray1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 85-89
JaszaiDa1983: chemical control, 198-202
Jeppso1969: chemical control, economic importance, physiology, 917-921
JohnsoLy1988: distribution, host, life history,
Jourdh1979: biological control, distribution, host, 75-79
Kacar2015: natural enemies, 159
KailisSw2002: control, distribution, host, 385-388
KakotiDeRo2022: biology, distribution, host, list, 8
KapranTe2015: illustration, natural enemies, 196
Katsoy1996: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 15,19-20,78-79
KatsoyLa1975: distribution, host, life history, 271-274
Kaussa1957: distribution, host, 1
Kawai1972: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 14
Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 158
Kawai1987: distribution, host, 77
KawaiMaUm1971: distribution, host, 17
KaydanUlEr2007: catalog, distribution, host, 93
Kennet1986: biological control, distribution, host, 363-369
KhaladBoMa2024: distribution, species richness, survey,
KhaladGu2019: distribution, ecology,
King1903b: distribution, host, 194
KinjoNaHi1996: distribution, host, 126
Kiritc1932a: taxonomy, 266-267
Kiritc1936: distribution, host, 73
Kirkal1902: distribution, host, 106
Kirkal1904: distribution, host, 228
Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 43
Kondo2013: distribution, host, 47
KondoGu2010: distribution, 13
KondoMoDi2018: host, key, 381
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 12
KorenMiJa2004: distribution, host, life history, 431-436
Koteja1974b: structure, taxonomy, 82
Kozar1983a: distribution, host, 147
Kozar1985: distribution, host, 203
KozarFoZa1996: distribution, host, 65
KozarFr1995: distribution, host, 71
KozarKoFe2013: distribution, taxonomy, 53
KozarPaPa1991: distribution, host, 65
KozarTzVi1979: distribution, host, 131
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 79
Kozarz1992: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 269-270
KozarzRe1975: distribution, host, 28-29
KreiteAuGe2006: distribution, economic importance, host, 143
KreiteMaDi1998a: economic importance, life history, 201-206
KumralKo2005: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 234-237
Kuwana1902: distribution, host, 64
Kuwana1907: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 192
Lagows1995: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 5-10
Lagows1995a: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 375-378
LagowsGo2020: distribution, 68
LalNa1979: biological control, distribution, host, 513-520
LalNa1980: biological control, distribution, host, 27-31
Lawson1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 200-201
Leach1940: life history, virus transmission, 1-3
LegnerBe1999: biological control, 87-101
Leonar1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 278-281
LimonMeBl1976a: biological control, distribution, host, 263-276
LinGuCo2010: host plants, species richness, 90-98
LindgrDi1943: chemical control, 90,98,99
Lindin1909c: distribution, host, taxonomy, 450
Lindin1911a: distribution, host, 34
Lindin1912b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 49,55,79,161,186
Liotta1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 33
Liotta1981: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 13-14
LiottaMiMi1971: chemical control,
LiottaMiMi1973: chemical control, 37-43
Lloren1984: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy,
LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 124
LongoRu1986: distribution, economic importance, host, 41
LongoRu1988: distribution, host, 515
LopesFiMa2008: distribution, host, 153-154
Lorbee1971: biological control, distribution, host, 199-201
Lozzia1985: distribution, host, 122-124
LuckFoSc2003: biological control, 179
LuckShKe1999: biological control, 225-242
Lucque2003: distribution, host, 35
MHamedCh1996: biological control, 527-531
Mabbet2003: biological control, 67,235
Macrop1985: biological control, 63-64
MahzouViBe2020: biological control,
MalipaDuSm2000: biological control, 91,92,93
Malump2012b: distribution, 210
Malump2014a: distribution, host, 73
Malump2016: distribution, host, 245-251
MalumpBa2012: distribution, 31
Mamet1941a: distribution, host, 40
Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 155
Mamet1949: catalog, distribution, host, 31
Mamet1959a: distribution, host, 378
MansouGrSu2016: biological control, chemical control, economic importance, natural enemies, 7-8
MansouMkGr2011: distribution, economic importance, 315-322
Marlat1892: taxonomy, 150
Marlat1897: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 217-236
Martel1908: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 217-227
Martin1984MP: distribution, host, 77
Martin1984MP: distribution, host, 76-77
MartinCaSo2012: ecology, 249-255
MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, host, 37
Martor1976: distribution, host, 3-271
Masten2007: distribution, host, taxonomy, 1-242
MastenSiMa2014: distribution, host, list,
Matile1976a: economic importance,
Matile1978: distribution, host, 49
Matile1984c: distribution, host, 220
MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 167
MatileNo1984: distribution, host, 64
Melis1930: distribution, host, 14-15
MendelDrPo1980: distribution, host, life history, 697-700
MendelGe1982: biological control, distribution, host, 47-51
MendelPoRo1982: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 227-229
MendelPoRo1984a: distribution, host, life history, 1-21
MendelPoRo1984b: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 23-34
MendelPoRo1990: biological control, life history, 289-290
MessenBiVa1976: biological control, 543-563
MessenVa1971: biological control, 68-92
MestreKo2018: distribution, 5
MetcalMe1993: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
Meurge2011: distribution, 80
MifsudFsMa2012: distribution, host, natural enemies, 17, 18
MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, host, 505-506
MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, 135
Miller1996: catalog, distribution, 71
Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 14
MoghadSaAb2015: key, 229
MohammGh2008: distribution, 150
MohammMo2013: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 148, 156
Monaco1976: biological control, 143-151
Monast1958: control, economic importance, 131-165
Monast1962: distribution, host, 116-128
MonteiWoPe2019: distribution, host, 393
MontilRa2016: biological control, 138-139
MumaSeDe1961: biological control, 1-39
MuruaFi2001: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 447-454
MyartsRu2000: biological control, distribution, 7-33
MyartsRuCo2004: natural enemies, 143
MyartsRuCo2016a: natural enemies, 781
NRC1969: biological control, chemical control, ecology, economic importance, taxonomy,
Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, 393
NakahaMi1981: distribution, host, 31
Neser1983: biological control, distribution, 36-37
NeuensPa1980: distribution, ecology, economic importance, host, life history, 366-378
NeuensPa1981: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 109-113
Neves1936: distribution, host, 202-204
Newste1903: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 126-127
Newste1910: distribution, host, 10
Newste1911a: distribution, host, 163
Newste1913: distribution, host, 76
Newste1914: distribution, host, 306
NoguerVeGo2003: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 495-504
Olivie1791: catalog, description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 95
Orphan1988: biological control, distribution, host, 1-8
Paglia1929: distribution, economic importance, host, 274-307
Palouk1979: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 111-116
Panis1970a: control, distribution, ecology, host, life history, 25-31
Panis1974a: biological control, 131-134
Panis1977d: biological control, 577
Panis1979d: biological control, 27-28
Panis1983: biological control, economic importance, life history, 63-74
Panis2008: biological control, 59-70
PanisMa1978: biological control, 9-18
PanisPeDe1977: biological control, 615-619
PanisPi1977: biological control, distribution, host, 25-27
PanisWa2002: biological control, 27-30
PappasTz1976: biological control, host, 23
ParaskNeMi1980: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 450-464
Peleg1965: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 21-26
PelegGo1981: chemical control, 124-126
Peleka1962: distribution, host, 61
Peleka1974: biological control, 14-20
Pelliz2011: distribution, 311
PellizChMi2015: distribution, 60,71
PellizPoSe2011: distribution, host, 294
PereirToBe2001: ecology, life history, 101-108
PerezG2008: distribution, 213
PerezGCa1987: distribution, host, 128
Perkin1982: biological control, chemical control, economic importance, 5
PerronEdEn2014: diagnosis, distribution, host, 379
PettitMc1920: distribution, host, taxonomy, 19
PicartMa2000: distribution, host, 14-20
PietriBiCo1969: chemical control, 909-915
PizarrAlBa2020: distribution, host, 27
PodoleBaRo1979: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 257-266
PodoleBaRo1979a: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 267-273
Potaev1993: distribution, host, 35,38
PradoMaCo2015: biological control, distribution, natural enemies,
PradoSi2006: distribution, economic importance, host, 79-83
PrakasPa2015: distribution,
Pratt1958: distribution, host,
Quayle1911e: biological control, distribution, host, 510-515
QuayleRu1911: biological control, distribution, ecology, host, life history, taxonomy, 151-200
QuezadCoDi1972: distribution, host, 14-15
RakimoBeWh2013: distribution, host, 372-375
Ramakr1919: distribution, host, 625
Ramakr1919a: distribution, host, 34
Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 348
Ramakr1930: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 45
Reasonagol2001: biological control, 43-45
Reboul1976: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
ReddyKu2019: distribution, ecology, host,
Regis2002: biological control, chemical control, distribution, host, 32-36
Rehace1960: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 50-51
Remill1988: distribution, host, 57-58
RicaldNaLo2015: distribution, economic importance, host, 2127
RiehlBrMc1980: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 319
RipaLaRo2008: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 135-145
RobertDi1984: chemical control, 122-126
RodrigNaVa2019: distribution, host, 467
Rosen1966: biological control, distribution, host, 46-48
Rosen1969: biological control, distribution, host, 45-53
Rosen1979: biological control, distribution, host, 289-292
RosenHaSa1971: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 35-50
RugmanAnMo2010: biological control, 265
Rungs1970: distribution, host, 91-94
RussoMaCa1988a: biological control, distribution, host, 56-61
SaadElHa1977: biological control, distribution, host, 151-161
Sacant1961: biological control, life history, 121-122
SaccoPaD2000: biological control, distribution, host, 3-8
Salaza1999: control, 41
Sander1909: distribution, host, 440
SantosPeDa2009: ELISA, biological control, chemistry, 101-108
Savesc1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 284-286
Schmut1952: distribution, host, life history, 551
Schmut1952b: distribution, host, 18
Schmut1957a: distribution, host, 133-140
Schmut1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 192-193
SchweiMoLu2003: biological control, distribution, host, 377-386
Seabra1930: distribution, economic importance, host, 130-131
Seabra1941: distribution, host, 8
Sekkat2001: distribution, economic importance, host, 79-84
Seljak2010: distribution, host, 106
Sengon2002: biological control, 141-143
ShaabaHaBa2003: biological control, distribution, host, 113-123
ShafeeYoKh1989: distribution, host, 54-55
Shoema1980: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 26-49
ShoemaHuKe1979: biological control, 182-189
SibbetDiBa1976: distribution, economic importance, host, 12-13
Signor1869: catalog, taxonomy, 862-863,872
Signor1873a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 440-442
Silves1921: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-11
Simant1962a: distribution, host, 105-112
Simant1969: chemical control, distribution, host, 889-896
SismanUl2010: distribution, host, 219-224
Smith1921: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 127-137
Smith1926: biological control, host, 294-302
Smith1940: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 534-535
SmithBeBr1997: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 47-49
SmithCo1920: taxonomy, 310-320
SmithCo1926: biological control, distribution, host, 51-61
SmithFlBa1945: biological control, distribution, 93-94
SoaresMoMa2013: distribution, economic importance,
SpooneTeHa2002: control, distribution, economic importance, host, 218-224
Stalaz2021: distribution, host, 473
StathaEcBa2023: control, economic importance, 2
Steinw1930: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 565-567
StratoKa1981: biological control, distribution, host, 139-142
StreibFrKa1994: chemical control, 23-30
Su1982: distribution, host, 61
Suh2023: distribution, host, 6
SwainBu1940: chemical control, distribution, host, 107-111
SwainDu1928: ecology, life history, 532-542
Sweetm1958: biological control, economic importance, 449-458
SwinglWe1896: distribution, host, 1-6
SwirskWyIz2002: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 88-90
SzitaFeBe2017: distribution, host, 468
Takaha1928: distribution, host, 343
Takaha1929: distribution, host, 58
Takaha1929a: distribution, host, 430
Takaha1932a: distribution, host, 103,104
Takaha1939b: distribution, host, 263
Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 22
Takaha1942d: distribution, host, 354
Takaha1952: distribution, host, 16
TalameCa1980: chemical control, 10596-10597
Tanaka1966: biological control, distribution, host, 1-42
Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 220-221
TangLi1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 87,89
Tao1989: catalog, distribution, host, 59
Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 66
TaoWoCh1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 74-76
Targio1884: distribution, host, 398
TavareLiGo2018: diagnosis, 325
TeixeiBeGo2000: distribution, economic importance, host, 629-635
TenaBaGa2004: natural enemies,
TenaBeSo2012: biological control, 48
TenaSoVe2007: distribution, host, life history, 700-706
Teodor2018: distribution, history, host, 41, 50
Terezn1981: distribution, host, 191-192
ThieleWyMa2008: taxonomy, 282
Thro1903: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 214
Timber1924a: biological control, 223-251
Touzea1960: chemical control, 68-71
Touzea1962: chemical control, 3-7
TrabouBe1965: biological control, distribution, host, 1-13
Tranfa1977: distribution, host, 546
TranfaVi1987a: distribution, economic importance, host, 215-221
Trembl1988a: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 233-239
TrenchTo2014: distribution, 69
TrenchTrTo2010: distribution, host, 114-123
TrindaNaMu2016: distribution, host, 162
TullioTuFo1975: chemical control,
Tuncyu1970a: distribution, economic importance, host, 67-80
Tyrell1896: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 265-266
UlgentCa2004: distribution, host, 79-84
UlgentDo2019: distribution, host, 485
UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S118
UnalAyKa2016: honeydew, host, 104
UsmanPu1955: distribution, host, 50
Valent1963: biological control, 6-13
Valent1967: biological control, 1100
Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 99-100
Vatans2024: distribution, host, 143, 144
Vayssi1920: distribution, host, 258
Vega1967: chemical control, distribution, host, 59-62
Vernal1953: distribution, host, 146-147
Vicido2007: distribution, host, 1-7
VieiraCaPi1983: distribution, host, 106-107
Viggia1970a: distribution, economic importance, host, 47-55
Viggia1974: biological control, distribution, host, 117-120
Viggia1978: biological control, distribution, host, 25-29
Viggia1979: biological control, distribution, host, 293-296
Viggia1981: biological control, 37-43
ViggiaFiBi1973: biological control, distribution, ecology, host, life history, 251-259
ViggiaMa1983: biological control, distribution, host, 305
ViggiaPaTz1975: biological control, distribution, host, 156-167
VinsonIw1980: biological control, 397
WalkerWaEv1974: distribution, host, 12, 16
WaltonKrSa2009: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-6
Wang1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 41-42
Wang1981TC: distribution, host, 288
Watson2021: distribution, 522
Webber1897a: distribution, host, 1-3
Wille1958: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 519-523
Willia1985c: distribution, host, 137
Willia2001: distribution, 225-227
Willia2010: distribution, host, 149
Willia2013: distribution, host, 188
Willia2013: distribution, 190
Willia2015: taxonomy, 579, 580
WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 15
WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 34
WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 34,35,39,45
WilliaMa2009b: distribution, host, 119
WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 167-169
WilliaWi1988: distribution, host, 59
Wise1977: distribution, host, 106
Woglum1923: chemical control, distribution, host, 1-59
Woglum1925: chemical control, distribution, host, 593-597
Woglum1925a: chemical control, 2
Woglum1925b: chemical control, 178
Woglum1926: chemical control, 723-733
Woglum1942a: biological control, distribution, host, 155
WoglumBo1921: biological control, distribution, host, 1-43
WoglumLa1925: chemical control, distribution, host, 349,370,374
WoglumLa1934: chemical control, distribution, host, 978-980
WolffEfDa2018: distribution, host, 2-3
WolffEfDa2018: distribution, economic importance, host, key,
WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 17,56,57
Woodwo1903: taxonomy, 35
Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 177,191
YaromBlIs1988: chemical control, 1581-1585
Yasnos1987: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 229-234
YasnosTaCh2005: biological control, distribution, host, 229-302
YousseNaSt2004: biological control, chemical control, 593-599
ZacchiVa2003: distribution, host, structure, symbionts, 43-46
ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 160
ZhangCaFe2018: distribution, key, 102, 103
Zimmer1948: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 328-331