Valid Names Results
Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861) (Coccidae: Parasaissetia)Nomenclatural History
- Lecanium nigrum Nietner 1861: 9. Type data: SRI LANKA [=CEYLON]: on coffee.. Syntypes, female, accepted valid name Notes: Type material probably lost (Ben-Dov, 1993).
- Lecanium depressum Targioni Tozzetti 1867: 29. Type data: ITALY: Florence, Royal Botanic Gardens, on Ficus sp. and other plants.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Maskel1894a, 166). Notes: Type material probably lost: G. Pellizzari Scaltriti, 1990, personal communication to Yair Ben-Dov.
- Lecanium depressum simulans Douglas 1887a: 28. Type data: ENGLAND: on Ficus elastica and camellias.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Maskel1894a, 166). Notes: Type material probably lost (Williams & Watson, 1990).
- Lecanium begoniae Douglas 1892b: 209. Type data: GUYANA: Demerara, on Begonia.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Maskel1894a, 166). Notes: Type material probably lost (Williams & Watson, 1990).
- Lecanium nigrum begoniae Douglas, 1892; Cockerell 1896b: 332. change in status (level)
- Lecanium nigrum depressum Targioni Tozzetti, 1867; Cockerell 1896b: 332. change in status (level)
- Lecanium caudatum Green 1896: 10. Type data: SRI LANKA: Punduloya, on Passiflora and coffee. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by TaoWoCh1983, 76).
- Lecanium (Saissetia) nigrum begoniae; Cockerell & Parrott 1899: 163. subsequent use
- Saissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861); Cockerell 1901e: 32. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; Pretoria: South African National Collection of Insects, South Africa; change of combination
- Coccus nigrum (Nietner, 1861); Kirkaldy 1902: 106. change of combination
- Saissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861); King 1902a: 296. change of combination
- Saissetia depressa (Targioni Tozzetti, 1867); Fernald 1903b: 201. change of combination
- Coccus caudatus (Green, 1896); Fernald 1903b: 168. change of combination Notes: Homonym of Coccus caudatus Walker, 1852
- Lecanium (Saissetia) pseudonigrum Kuwana 1909a: 162. Type data: JAPAN: Ogasawara Islands (=Bonin Islands),on 'Shirotsugi'.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Ibaraki-ken: Insect Taxonomy Laboratory, National Institute of Agricultural Environmental Sciences, Kannon-dai, Yatabe, Tsukuba-shi, (Kuwana), Japan; junior synonym (discovered by Takaha1955b, 70).
- Lecanium (Saissetia) sideroxylium Kuwana 1909a: 162. Type data: JAPAN: Ogasawara Islands (=Bonin Islands), on Sideroxylon ferrugineum.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Ibaraki-ken: Insect Taxonomy Laboratory, National Institute of Agricultural Environmental Sciences, Kannon-dai, Yatabe, Tsukuba-shi, (Kuwana), Japan; junior synonym (discovered by Takaha1955b, 70).
- Saissetia pseudonigrum (Kuwana, 1909); Sasscer 1911: 67. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; change of combination
- Saissetia sideroxylium (Kuwana, 1909); Sasscer 1911: 67. change of combination
- Saissetia cuneiformis Leonardi 1913a: 33. Type data: ERITREA: on Rhus aztechesan.. Syntypes, female and first instar, Type depository: Portici: Dipartimento de Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria di Portici, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Italy; junior synonym (discovered by DeLott1956a, 240).
- Coccus signatus (Douglas, 1887); Gowdey 1917: 188. change of combination
- Lecanium (Saissetia) signatum Newstead 1917: 363. Type data: UGANDA: Entebbe, on guava.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,135). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by DeLott1957a, 175).
- Lecanium (Saissetia) nigrum nitidum Newstead 1920: 191. Type data: UGANDA: Lake Victoria, Bukeke and Sesse Islands, on 'Luzibarziba' [=Alchornea cordifolia].. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,135). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by DeLott1957a, 175).
- Saissetia perseae Brain 1920a: 11. Type data: SOUTH AFRICA: Natal, Durban, on Persea gratissima.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Pretoria: South African National Collection of Insects, South Africa; junior synonym (discovered by DeLott1957a, 175).
- Saissetia (Lecanium) nigra (Nietner, 1861); Hall 1922: 22. change of combination
- Lecanium (Saissetia) crassum Green 1930c: 287. Type data: SUMATRA, on Broussonetia papyrifera; INDIA and WEST BENGAL on Psidium guajava and INDIA (Calcutta) on Ficus religiosa.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Willia1963, 100).
- Saissetia nigrum depressum; Ramakrishna Ayyar 1930: 45. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Cockerell" as author.
- Coccus asiaticus Lindinger 1932f: 201. replacement name Notes: Replacement name for Coccus caudatus (Green, 1896); synonymy by Tao et al., 1988: 76
- Lecanium nigrum depressum Targioni Tozzetti, 1867; Balachowsky 1939a: 257. change of combination
- Saissetia nigra depressa (Targioni Tozzetti, 1867); Balachowsky 1939: 257. change of combination and rank Notes: Incorrect citation of "Douglas" as author
- Coccus niger (Nietner, 1861); Silvestri 1939: 728. misspelling of species epithet
- Saissetia cuniformis Leonardi, 1913; Compere 1939d: 20. Type depository: Portici: Dipartimento de Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria di Portici, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Italy; misspelling of species epithet
- Saisettia nigra; Esaki 1940a: 277. misspelling of genus name
- Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861); Takahashi 1955d: 26. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; Pretoria: South African National Collection of Insects, South Africa; change of combination
- Saissetia crassum (Green, 1930); Ali 1971: 44. change of combination
- Coccus caudaus (Green, 1896); Tao 1978: 80. misspelling of species epithet
Common Names
- escama negra lisa QuezadCoDi1972
- lapa-da-anoineira CarvalAg1997
- lapa-preta CarvalAg1997
- nigra scale BenDov1993 Gill1988 HamonWi1984 SmithBeBr1997
- Queresa negra del chirimoyo Nunez2008
- nigra soft scale AbdRabEv2021
- Black Scale KondoLi2022
- escama blanda negra KondoLi2022
- hibiscus scale KondoLi2022
- kuro-kata-kaigaramushi KondoLi2022
- pomegranate scale KondoLi2022
- Schwarze Napfschildlaus KondoLi2022
- zwarte dopluis KondoLi2022
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 100 | Genera: 294
- Acanthaceae
- Andrographis paniculata | RaniSr2005
- Dicliptera chinensis | Varshn1992 | (= Dicliptera roxburghiana)
- Eranthemum | Ali1971 BenDov1978a HodgsoHi1990 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Graptophyllum | Hodgso1994a
- Graptophyllum pictum | BenDov1978a
- Hygrophila auriculata | Ali1971 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Hygrophila spinosa)
- Hygrophila erecta | Ali1968a
- Justicia | Ali1968a Ali1971 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 BenDov1993
- Justicia adhatoda | BenDov1978a | (= Adhatoda vasica)
- Odontonema | WilliaWa1990
- Pseuderanthemum | WilliaWa1990
- Ruttya ovata | DeLott1967b
- Achariaceae
- Caloncoba brevipes | CouturMaRi1985
- Amaranthaceae
- Amaranthus | WilliaWa1990
- Chenopodium | HodgsoHi1990
- Chenopodium murale | Varshn1992
- Dysphania ambrosioides | Varshn1992 | (= Chenopodium ambrosioides)
- Amaryllidaceae
- Agapanthus | Nakaha1983
- Anacardiaceae
- Anacardium occidentale | BenDov1978a
- Mangifera indica | BenDov1978a EzzatHu1969 GermaiVaMa2010 KinjoNaHi1996 Nakaha1983
- Rhus | Hodgso1969a WilliaWa1990 Hall1935 Leonar1913a WilliaWa1990
- Rhus tumulicola | Hodgso1969a | (= Rhus culminum)
- Schinus | Nakaha1981a
- Schinus molle | BenDov1978a DeLott1956a EzzatHu1969 Hall1923
- Schinus terebinthifolia | BenDov1978a
- Searsia glutinosa | DeLott1956a | ssp abyssinica (= Rhus abyssinica)
- Spondias dulcis | WilliaWa1990
- Annonaceae
- Annona | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1937 Hall1935 Hodgso1994a HodgsoHi1990
- Annona cherimola | BenDov1978a BenDov1993 GomezM1958b Green1923b
- Annona crassiflora | CarnerPe1986 | (= Annona macrocarpa)
- Annona diversifolia | PadillMaNa2016
- Annona montana | LinEdKo2017
- Annona muricata | BenDov1978a Nakaha1983 Newste1913
- Annona reticulata | EtiennMa1993 Mamet1943a Mamet1956 WilliaWi1988
- Annona senegalensis | DeLott1956a Hall1935 | (= Annona chrysophylla),
- Artabotrys hexapetalus | CarnerPe1986 | (= Artabotrys odoratissimus)
- Piptostigma fasciculatum | CouturMaRi1985 | (= Brieya fasciculata)
- Rollinia occidentalis | Granar1999
- Xylopia quintasii | CouturMaRi1985
- Apiaceae
- Foeniculum | BenDov1978a
- Apocynaceae
- Acokanthera | Newste1917b
- Adenium obesum | BenDov1978a TiagoRoTs2017
- Carissa | DeLott1967b
- Carissa bispinosa | DeLott1967b | var acuminata
- Carissa spinarum | Hodgso1994a DeLott1956a | (= Arduina edulis) (= Carissa edulis),
- Hancornia speciosa | SilvaPeRo2021
- Nerium | HodgsoHi1990
- Nerium indicum | TangLi1988
- Nerium oleander | Bodenh1935 WilliaWa1990
- Plumeria obtusa | LinEdKo2017
- Plumeria rubra | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983 WilliaWa1990 VieiraCaPi1983 | (= Plumeria acutifolia),,(= Plumeria tricolor)
- Rauvolfia caffra | Hall1935 Hall1935
- Stephanotis | HodgsoHi1990
- Tabernaemontana divaricata | Varshn1992 | (= Tabernaemontana recurva)
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex | HodgsoHe2000
- Ilex mitis | Hodgso1969a
- Araceae
- Anthurium | Nakaha1981a
- Anthurium digitatum | BenDov1978a
- Colocasia esculenta | WilliaWa1990
- Dieffenbachia | BenDov1978a
- Monstera | Nakaha1981a
- Monstera deliciosa | LinEdKo2017
- Philodendron | Matile1978 Nakaha1981a
- Syngonium | HodgsoHi1990
- Zantedeschia aethiopica | VieiraCaPi1983
- Araliaceae
- Cussonia arborea | Hall1935
- Cussonia paniculata | DeLott1967b
- Cussonia spicata | BenDov1978a Hodgso1967
- Hedera helix | BenDov1978a
- Heptapleurum actinophyllum | Nakaha1981a | (= Brassaia actinophylla) (= Schefflera actinophylla)
- Schefflera | WilliaWa1990
- Schefflera elegantissima | HamonWi1984 PadillMaNa2016 | (= Aralia elegantissima) (= Plerandra elegantissima)
- Tetrapanax papyrifer | LinEdKo2017
- Arecaceae
- Areca catechu | Ali1971 Nakaha1981a
- Brahea armata | VieiraCaPi1983 | (= Erythea armata)
- Cocos nucifera | BenDov1978a Nakaha1981a
- Elaeis guineensis | WilliaWa1990
- Asparagaceae
- Agave | Green1904d Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995 Nakaha1981a
- Agave americana | Green1904d
- Agave sisalana | BenDov1978a Hodgso1994a
- Asparagus | Ali1968a Ali1971 Green1896 Green1904d Green1929 WilliaWa1990
- Asparagus falcatus | Green1904d
- Cordyline fruticosa | Nakaha1981a | (= Cordyline terminalis)
- Dracaena | Nakaha1981a
- Furcraea foetida | Mamet1943a WilliaWi1988 LagowsGoHo2022 | (= Furcraea gigantea)
- Lachenalia | BenDov1978a | (= Polyanthes)
- Asphodelaceae
- Aloe | Nakaha1981a
- Aloe vera | BenDov1978a
- Bulbine frutescens | MazzeoNuLo2020
- Asteraceae
- Artemisia | TaoWoCh1983
- Artemisia capillaris | Ali1968a Ali1971
- Baccharis | HodgsoHi1990
- Bidens | Hall1935 HodgsoHi1990
- Bidens pilosa | Hall1935 WilliaWa1990
- Chrysanthemum | Nakaha1981a
- Elephantopus scaber | WilliaWa1990
- Helianthus annuus | WilliaWa1990
- Parthenium | HodgsoHi1990
- Pluchea odorata | BenDov1978a
- Senecio madagascariensis | MazzeoNuLo2020
- Solidago | WilliaWa1990
- Solidago canadensis | AndoUtOh2010
- Sonchus arvensis | Varshn1992
- Vernonia amygdalina | DeLott1956a Hodgso1994a
- Begoniaceae
- Betulaceae
- Alnus formosana | LinEdKo2017
- Bignoniaceae
- Jacaranda | Matile1976
- Jacaranda mimosifolia | Green1907
- Tabebuia chrysantha | LinEdKo2017
- Tecoma | Hodgso1969a
- Boraginaceae
- Cordia | Nakaha1983 WilliaBu1987
- Cordia africana | DeLott1956a | (= Cordia abyssinica)
- Cordia dichotoma | LinEdKo2017
- Cordia myxa | Mamet1943a WilliaWi1988
- Cordia subcordata | WilliaWa1990
- Ehretia cymosa | DeLott1956a | var silvatica (= Ehretia silvatica)
- Ehretia macrophylla | LinEdKo2017
- Ehretia resinosa | LinEdKo2017
- Brassicaceae
- Lepidium didymum | Varshn1992 | (= Coronopus didymus)
- Bromeliaceae
- Ananas comosus | BenDov1978a Nakaha1981a
- Bromelia | BenDov1978a
- Neoregelia spectabilis | CarnerPe1986
- Burseraceae
- Garuga floribunda | WilliaWa1990 | (= Garuga pacifica)
- Cactaceae
- Cactaceae | BenDov1978a
- Calophyllaceae
- Calophyllum inophyllum | Ali1971 BenDov1978a
- Mammea americana | Nakaha1983
- Canellaceae
- Warburgia salutaris | CrouchCr2001
- Cannabaceae
- Cannabis sativa | Varshn1992
- Cannaceae
- Canna | Green1904d Hodgso1969a Mamet1943a Nakaha1981a
- Canna indica | Ali1968a Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983 BenDov1978a | (= Canna speciosa)
- Capparaceae
- Capparis | Ali1968a Ramakr1930
- Capparis sepiaria | Ali1971 Green1908a ShafeeYoKh1989
- Caricaceae
- Carica papaya | BenDov1978a Nakaha1981a
- Celastraceae
- Euonymus | BenDov1978a Ferris1920b HodgsoHi1990
- Gymnosporia arbutifolia | DeLott1956a
- Gymnosporia senegalensis | BenDov1978a DeLott1967b Hodgso1994a | (= Maytenus senegalensis)
- Maytenus cymosa | DeLott1967b
- Maytenus octogona | LincanHoCa2010
- Clusiaceae
- Clusia grandiflora | BenDov1978a
- Clusia rosea | Nakaha1981a
- Combretaceae
- Combretum | Hall1935
- Terminalia brassii | WilliaWa1990
- Terminalia catappa | Ali1971 Matile1984c TaoWoCh1983
- Compositae
- Solidago altissima | AndoUtOh2010
- Convolvulaceae
- Ipomoea carnea | Varshn1992
- Merremia kentrocaulos | Nakaha1981a
- Merremia tuberosa | Nakaha1981a | (= Ipomoea tuberosa)
- Crassulaceae
- Bryophyllum | HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a
- Bryophyllum daigremontianum | BenDov1978a Nakaha1981a
- Kalanchoe daigremontiana | BenDov1978a Nakaha1981a
- Kalanchoe pinnata | Nakaha1981a DeLott1967b Nakaha1981a
- Sedum | HodgsoHi1990
- Cucurbitaceae
- Citrullus | DeLott1967b
- Cucumis sativus | Varshn1992
- Cucurbita moschata | BenDov1978a
- Cucurbita pepo | WilliaWa1990
- Luffa | Ali1968a Ali1971 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Sechium edule | VieiraCaPi1983
- Cyperaceae
- Cyperus rotundus | Nakaha1981a
- Dioscoreaceae
- Dioscorea | MilleHeCa2016
- Ebenaceae
- Euclea racemosa | DeLott1956a | ssp schimperi (= Euclea kellau)
- Euphorbiaceae
- Alchornea cordifolia | Newste1920
- Cnidoscolus aconitifolius | BenDov1978a | (= Jatropha aconitifolia)
- Codiaeum | HodgsoHi1990 Mamet1943a Nakaha1981a
- Codiaeum variegatum | Ali1971 Nakaha1981a
- Croton | DeLott1956a Ali1968a Ali1971 Almeid1973b DeLott1968a Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 Green1896 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Croton macrostachyus | DeLott1956a
- Croton tiglium | BenDov1978a Green1937
- Discoglypremna caloneura | CouturMaRi1985
- Erythrococca | DeLott1956a
- Euphorbia | BenDov1978a Hodgso1994a HodgsoHi1990 Mamet1943a | (= Poinsettia)
- Euphorbia fulgens | BenDov1978a
- Euphorbia pulcherrima | Hodgso1967 Nakaha1981a | (= Poinsettia pulcherima),
- Euphorbia tuckeyana | LagowsGoHo2022
- Hevea | Ali1971 Green1937 Ramakr1930
- Hevea brasiliensis | Ali1968a Ali1971 BenDov1978a Green1904a Hodgso1994a Mamet1943a ShafeeYoKh1989
- Jatropha curcas | BenDov1978a
- Macaranga tanarius | LinEdKo2017
- Manihot | Ali1971 Green1937
- Manihot esculenta | Ali1968a BenDov1978a Green1904d Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983 WilliaBu1987 | (= Manihot utilissima)
- Mareya micrantha | CouturMaRi1985 | (= Mareya spicata)
- Ricinus communis | BenDov1978a Mamet1943a Mamet1978
- Sapium sebiferum | Ali1968a Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Triadica sebifera | Ali1968a Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Vernicia fordii | WilliaWa1990 | (= Aleurites fordii)
- Fabaceae
- Acacia | KfirRo1980
- Cassia grandis | Nakaha1981a
- Crotalaria | WilliaWa1990
- Delonix regia | BenDov1978a
- Erythrina corallodendron | TaoWoCh1983
- Erythrina variegata | Ali1968a Ali1971 Morris1920 | (= Erythrina indica)
- Parkinsonia aculeata | Mamet1951
- Geraniaceae
- Geranium | BenDov1978a HodgsoHi1990
- Pelargonium | HodgsoHi1990
- Goodeniaceae
- Scaevola | WilliaMa2009b Nakaha1981a
- Scaevola sericea | WilliaWa1990 BenDov1978a
- Scaevola taccada | BenDov1978a WilliaMa2009b | (= Scaevola koenigii)
- Heliconiaceae
- Heliconia | Nakaha1981a
- Heliconia metallica | Lizery1942c Newste1903
- Hydrangeaceae
- Hydrangea | HodgsoHi1990
- Hypericaceae
- Harungana | CouturMaRi1985
- Iridaceae
- Dietes bicolor | Nakaha1981a | (= Moraea bicolor)
- Gladiolus illyricus | BenDov1978a Mamet1943a
- Iris germanica | HodgsoHe2000
- Lamiaceae
- Clerodendrum | WilliaWa1990
- Coleus | Nakaha1981a
- Coleus scutellarioides | BenDov1978a | (= Coleus blumei)
- Ocimum basilicum | Mamet1943a
- Premna taitensis | Ferris1935 WilliaWa1990
- Rosmarinus officinalis | KondoMoDi2018
- Lauraceae
- Cinnamomum montanum | MestreHoHa2015
- Cinnamomum verum | WilliaBu1987 WilliaWa1990 | (= Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
- Ocotea usambarensis | BenDov1978a
- Persea americana | BenDov1978a DeLott1967b Nakaha1983 Brain1920a DeLott1967b | (= Persea gratissima)
- Lecythidaceae
- Barringtonia | WilliaWa1990
- Loganiaceae
- Geniostoma | WilliaWa1990
- Strychnos lucens | BenDov1978a Hodgso1967
- Loranthaceae
- Loranthus | DeLott1956a
- Plicosepalus acaciae | BenDov2012 | (= Loranthus acaciae)
- Tapinanthus quequensis | BenDov1978a Hodgso1969a | (= Loranthus quequensis)
- Lythraceae
- Lawsonia | Ali1968a Ali1971 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Lawsonia inermis | Newste1917b Matile1984c | (= Lawsonia alba),
- Punica granatum | TsagkaBePa2016
- Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia | Bodenh1924
- Malpighiaceae
- Malpighia coccigera | BenDov1978a
- Malvaceae
- Abelmoschus esculentus | Ali1968a Ali1971 Nakaha1981a Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Hibiscus esculentus)
- Abutilon | Green1904d Hodgso1994a BenDov1978a Nakaha1981a
- Abutilon indicum | Varshn1992
- Ceiba pentandra | Ali1968a Ali1971 WilliaWa1990 | (= Eriodendron anfractuosum)
- Corchorus | Varshn1992
- Durio | Suh2023
- Gossypium | Ali1968a Ali1971 Green1908a Newste1914 Newste1917b Ramakr1919a Hall1935 Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Gossypium arboreum | TaoWoCh1983
- Gossypium barbadense | Mamet1943a WilliaWi1988
- Gossypium herbaceum | Ali1971
- Gossypium hirsutum | WilliaWa1990
- Gossypium tomentosum | BenDov1978a Nakaha1981a
- Grewia | DeLott1956a
- Hibiscus | Ferris1935 Hodgso1969a Hodgso1994a HodgsoHi1990 Mamet1943a Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983 Balach1957c Cocker1894c Cocker1896k Green1907 WilliaBu1987 Marott1987 Willia2010
- Hibiscus mutabilis | DeLott1968a Matile1978 | (= Hibiscus sinensis)
- Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | Ali1968a Ali1971 DeLott1968a Hodgso1994a Mamet1943a Nakaha1983 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 Granar1999 Green1937 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Hibiscus sabdariffa | WilliaWa1990
- Hibiscus syriacus | WilliaWa1990
- Hibiscus tiliaceus | WilliaWa1990
- Kokia drynarioides | Nakaha1981a
- Lavatera maritima | GertssSc2020
- Malvaviscus arboreus | BenDov1978a
- Microcos paniculata | Varshn1992
- Ochroma | WilliaWa1990
- Sida | HodgsoHi1990
- Sida acuta | BenDov1978a Mamet1943a
- Sida rhombifolia | Hodgso1967 WilliaWa1990
- Theobroma cacao | BenDov1978a
- Thespesia | HodgsoHi1990 Ramakr1930
- Thespesia populnea | Ali1968a Ali1971 BenDov1978a Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Trichospermum pleiostigma | LinEdKo2017
- Meliaceae
- Guarea guidonia | MestreHoHa2015
- Melia | HodgsoHi1990
- Melia azedarach | Schmut1998 BenDov1978a DeLott1967b | (= Azadirachta indica),
- Pseudocedrela kotschyi | LinEdKo2017
- Toona ciliata | Hall1935 | (= Cedrela toona)
- Melianthaceae
- Bersama | Hall1935
- Monimiaceae
- Tambourissa | Mamet1954 Matile1978
- Moraceae
- Artocarpus | Nakaha1981a
- Artocarpus heterophyllus | WilliaWa1990
- Broussonetia papyrifera | Ali1971 Green1930c
- Castilla elastica | BenDov1978a
- Ficus | Mamet1950 Mamet1951 Kuwana1931b Brain1920a DeLott1957a Ferris1921 Hodgso1967 Mamet1943a Mamet1954 Newste1911 Ali1968a Ali1971 DeLott1967b HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983 Green1904d Green1917a Hall1924a Marott1987
- Ficus ampelas | LinEdKo2017 | (= Ficus irisana)
- Ficus benghalensis | Varshn1992
- Ficus benjamina | BenDov1978a | (= Ficus nitida)
- Ficus carica | Ali1971 BenDov1978a Bodenh1924 EzzatHu1969 Hall1923 Matile1984c
- Ficus elastica | Ali1971 Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Ficus erecta | Kuwana1931b
- Ficus ingens | Hodgso1969a
- Ficus lacor | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Ficus lutea | BenDov1978a DeLott1956a WilliaMa2009b | (= Ficus nautarum) (= Ficus nekbudu),
- Ficus membranacea | MestreHaEv2011
- Ficus microcarpa | TaoWoCh1983
- Ficus palmata | DeLott1956a
- Ficus reflexa | Mamet1950 Mamet1951 | (= Ficus melleri)
- Ficus religiosa | Green1930c ShafeeYoKh1989
- Ficus retusa | Ali1971
- Ficus sarmentosa | CarnerPe1986 | var impressa (= Ficus wrightii)
- Ficus scabra | WilliaWa1990
- Ficus sur | DeLott1956a BenDov1978a Hall1935 | (= Ficus capensis) (= Ficus mallotocarpa)
- Ficus sycomorus | BenDov1978a Bodenh1924 EzzatHu1969 Hall1923 AbdRab2017 AbouEl1998
- Ficus thonningii | DeLott1956a | (= Ficus dekdekena)
- Ficus tinctoria | Ali1971 WilliaWa1990 | including ssp gibbosa (= Ficus gibbosa),
- Ficus vasculosa | TaoWoCh1983
- Ficus vasta | DeLott1956a
- Maclura africana | Hodgso1969a
- Morus | Ali1971 BenDov1978a
- Morus alba | Ali1968a Ali1971 BenDov1978a
- Morus indica | Ali1968a Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989 Varshn1992
- Streblus asper | Ali1968a Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Musaceae
- Musa | Ali1971 BenDov1968 Green1923b Hodgso1994a HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a Ramakr1930
- Musa acuminata | LinEdKo2017 | (= Musa sapientum)
- Musa paradisiaca | Nakaha1981a Ali1971 WilliaWa1990
- Myristicaceae
- Myristica fragrans | Ali1968a
- Myrtaceae
- Acca sellowiana | HodgsoHe2000 WilliaWa1990 | (= Feijoa sellowiana)
- Eucalyptus deglupta | BenDov1978a
- Melaleuca | LinEdKo2017
- Melaleuca ericifolia | LinEdKo2017
- Melastoma candidum | LinEdKo2017
- Metrosideros | Nakaha1981a
- Myrciaria dubia | WolffKoPe2016
- Psidium | VieiraCaPi1983 HodgsoHi1990 Kirkal1902 Marott1987
- Psidium cattleyanum | Willia1985a | (= Psidium littorale)
- Psidium guajava | Ali1968a Ali1971 BenDov1978a DeLott1957a DeLott1967b Newste1917 Green1930c KfirRo1980 Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983 ShafeeYoKh1989 DanzigKo1990
- Syzygium australe | LinEdKo2017
- Syzygium cordatum | DeLott1967b Hodgso1967
- Syzygium guineense | Hodgso1969a
- Syzygium myrtifolium | MazzeoNuLo2020
- Syzygium samarangense | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983 | (= Eugenia javanica)
- Xanthostemon chrysanthus | LinEdKo2017
- Nyctaginaceae
- Bougainvillea | Nakaha1981a
- Ochnaceae
- Ochna | Hall1935
- Oleaceae
- Jasminum | Varshn1992
- Ligustrum | Varshn1992
- Olea europaea | ElsebaAh2017
- Orchidaceae
- Bulbophyllum | Mamet1954
- Cymbidium | VieiraCaPi1983
- Platanthera | BenDov1978a | (= Piperia)
- Vanda | Nakaha1981a
- Pandanaceae
- Pandanus | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Passifloraceae
- Adenia glauca | DeLott1967b
- Passiflora | DeLott1967b HodgsoHi1990
- Passiflora edulis | DeLott1967b WilliaWa1990 WysokiBeSw1993
- Passiflora quadrangularis | BenDov1978a Hall1922
- Phyllanthaceae
- Antidesma venosum | DeLott1967b
- Bischofia javanica | Ali1968a Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Bridelia | BenDov1978a Hodgso1969a
- Bridelia micrantha | Hodgso1967
- Glochidion | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Phyllanthus | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995 Mamet1954
- Uapaca kirkiana | Hall1935
- Piperaceae
- Piper | Hall1924a
- Piper betle | Nakaha1981a
- Piper methysticum | WilliaWa1990
- Pittosporaceae
- Hymenosporum flavum | LinEdKo2017
- Pittosporum | Hall1922
- Pittosporum arborescens | WilliaWa1990
- Pittosporum eugenioides | LinEdKo2017
- Pittosporum tobira | PadillMaNa2016
- Pittosporum undulatum | BenDov1978a
- Poaceae
- Bambusa | Kirkal1902 Marott1987
- Cynodon dactylon | Varshn1992
- Eleusine indica | Varshn1992
- Panicum | WilliaWa1990
- Panicum maximum | BenDov1978a
- Polemoniaceae
- Cobaea | Ali1968a Ali1971 Green1896
- Cobaea scandens | CarnerPe1986
- Polygalaceae
- Polygala | LinEdKo2017
- Polygonaceae
- Coccoloba | HodgsoHi1990
- Emex spinosa | Nakaha1981a
- Homalocladium platycladum | HamonWi1984
- Muehlenbeckia | HodgsoHi1990
- Primulaceae
- Ardisia quinquegona | Ali1968a Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Myrsine | BenDov1978a
- Proteaceae
- Buckinghamia celsissima | LinEdKo2017
- Hakea | Marott1987
- Pteridaceae
- Adiantum | HodgsoHi1990
- Rhamnaceae
- Ziziphus spina-christi | Hall1923
- Rosaceae
- Crataegus mexicana | Mamet1959a
- Malus domestica | DeLott1956a | (= Pyrus malus)
- Malus sylvestris | DeLott1956a
- Prunus armeniaca | HodgsoHe2000
- Prunus dulcis | LagowsGoHo2022
- Prunus serotina | Mamet1954 | ssp capuli (= Prunus capuli)
- Pyrus | Ali1971
- Rosa | Hall1935
- Rubus | Nakaha1981a
- Rubiaceae
- Canthium | Green1904d
- Canthium coromandelicum | Green1904d Green1904d | (= Canthium parviflorum),(= Canthium parviflorum)
- Cinchona | Green1937
- Cinchona officinalis | Green1904d
- Cinchona pubescens | Green1904d | (= Cinchona succirubra)
- Coffea | Ali1968a Ali1971 Green1896 Green1937 Newste1917b ShafeeYoKh1989
- Coffea arabica | Ali1968a CarnerPe1986 Green1904d Hodgso1967
- Coffea canephora | WilliaWa1990
- Coffea liberica | Green1904d
- Gardenia jasminoides | TangLi1988
- Guettarda speciosa | WilliaWa1990
- Ixora | Nakaha1981a
- Ixora coccinea | BenDov1978a
- Ixora macrothyrsa | WilliaWa1990
- Morinda | Ali1968a Ali1971 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Morinda citrifolia | BenDov1978a
- Psydrax obovata | DeLott1967b | (= Canthium obovatum)
- Psydrax odorata | Nakaha1981a | (= Canthium odoratum)
- Uncaria africana | CouturMaRi1985
- Rutaceae
- Casimiroa edulis | DeLott1956a
- Citrus | Ali1968a Ali1971 CarvalAg1997 HodgsoHi1990 QuezadCoDi1972 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Citrus aurantiifolia | WilliaWa1990
- Citrus aurantium | Hall1935
- Citrus limon | DeLott1956a
- Citrus microcarpa | PadillMaNa2016
- Citrus reticulata | WilliaWa1990
- Evodia hortensis | WilliaWa1990
- Melicope | Nakaha1981a | (= Pelea)
- Rutaceae | DanzigKo1990
- Zanthoxylum | HodgsoHi1990
- Zanthoxylum gilletii | CouturMaRi1985 | (= Fagara macrophylla)
- Salicaceae
- Dovyalis caffra | DeLott1956a | (= Aberia caffra)
- Salix warburgii | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Salvadoraceae
- Salvadora oleoides | Varshn1992
- Santalaceae
- Santalum album | Ali1968a
- Santalum paniculatum | Nakaha1981a
- Sapindaceae
- Cupaniopsis anacardioides | LinEdKo2017
- Dodonaea triquetra | LinEdKo2017
- Harpullia pendula | LinEdKo2017
- Litchi chinensis | Mamet1943a WilliaWi1988 WysokiBeSw1993
- Sapindus saponaria | Ferris1935
- Sapotaceae
- Chrysophyllum | Green1917a
- Chrysophyllum cainito | Ali1968a Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Manilkara zapota | Hodgso1994a
- Mimusops elengi | Varshn1992
- Planchonella obovata | Sassce1911 | (= Sideroxylon ferrugineum)
- Pouteria | Green1917a | (= Malacantha)
- Sideroxylon oxyacanthum | DeLott1956a
- Smilacaceae
- Smilax | Nakaha1981a
- Solanaceae
- Capsicum | Nakaha1983
- Capsicum frutescens | WilliaWa1990
- Cestrum | Nakaha1981a
- Salpichroa origanifolia | Ali1968a Ali1971 CockerRo1915a
- Solanum | HodgsoHi1990
- Solanum jasminoides | DeLott1956a
- Solanum melongena | BenDov1978a Nakaha1981a
- Solanum nigrum | BenDov1978a
- Solanum wendlandii | Mamet1943a WilliaWi1988
- Withania | Ali1968a Ali1971 CockerRo1915a
- Strelitziaceae
- Ravenala madagascariensis | LinEdKo2017
- Strelitzia | Nakaha1981a
- Strelitzia nicolai | VieiraCaPi1983
- Strelitzia reginae | Nakaha1981a
- Tamaricaceae
- Tamarix | BenDov1978a
- Theaceae
- Camellia | BenDov1978a | (= Thea)
- Camellia sinensis | Ali1968a Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Thea sinensis)
- Thymelaeaceae
- Daphne | HodgsoHe2000
- Ulmaceae
- Ulmus | DeLott1956a
- Zelkova | HodgsoHi1990
- Zelkova serrata | LinEdKo2017
- Urticaceae
- Pilea cadierei | HamonWi1984
- Verbenaceae
- Duranta erecta | Mamet1943a WilliaWi1988 | (= Duranta plumieri)
- Vitaceae
- Cissus | DeLott1967b
- Vitis vinifera | BenDov1978a DeLott1956a Granar1999 Hall1923 Hall1924a
- Zamiaceae
- Macrozamia communis | LinEdKo2017
- Zingiberaceae
- Alpinia nutans | Kuwana1931b
- Alpinia purpurata | BenDov1978a Nakaha1981a
- Hedychium flavum | WilliaWa1990
- Zingiber | Nakaha1981a
- Zingiber officinale | BenDov1978a
Foes:
Families: 8 | Genera: 26
- Aphelinidae
- Coccobius indefinitus | KondoLi2022
- Coccobius lucaris | KondoLi2022
- Coccophagus capensis | KondoPe2022a
- Coccophagus ceroplastae | KondoLi2022
- Coccophagus cooperatus | KondoLi2022
- Coccophagus cowperi | TsagkaBePa2016
- Coccophagus hawaiiensis | KondoLi2022
- Coccophagus longifasciatus | KondoLi2022
- Coccophagus lycimnia | Bolu2012
- Coccophagus minor | KondoLi2022
- Coccophagus ochraceus | KondoLi2022
- Coccophagus pulvinariae | KondoLi2022
- Coccophagus quaestor | MyartsRuCo2016
- Coccophagus rusti | KondoLi2022
- Coccophagus scutellaris | KondoLi2022
- Coccophagus varius | AnneckMy1979a
- Marietta leopardina | KondoLi2022
- Marietta mexicana | KondoLi2022
- Marietta pulchella | KondoLi2022
- Cecidomyiidae
- Pectinodiplosis erratica | GagneEt2009
- Coccinellidae
- Azya luteipes | MontilRa2016
- Chilocorus bipustulatus | TsagkaBePa2016
- Harmonia | KondoLi2022 | (= Leis)
- Cordycipitaceae
- Lecanicillium lecanii | MilleHeCa2016
- Encyrtidae
- Aloencyrtus hardii | KondoLi2022
- Aloencyrtus johani | KondoLi2022
- Aloencyrtus obscuratus | LePell1968
- Aloencyrtus saissetiae | Comper1939
- Anicetus abyssinicus | KondoLi2022
- Anicetus ceylonensis | KondoLi2022
- Cheiloneurus cyanonotus | KondoLi2022
- Cheiloneurus saissetiae | KondoLi2022
- Diversinervus elegans | KondoLi2022 RakimoHoMa2015
- Encyrtus aurantii | BlumbeGo1992 | (= Encyrtus lecaniorum)
- Encyrtus infelix | Blumbe1997 BlumbeGo1992
- Gahaniella saissetiae | MyartsRuCo2016a
- Leptomastix nigra | KondoLi2022
- Metaphycus africanus | KondoLi2022
- Metaphycus helvolus | Flande1953a
- Metaphycus lichtensiae | KondoLi2022
- Metaphycus luteolus | Blumbe1997
- Metaphycus parasaissetiae | KondoLi2022
- Metaphycus pulvinariae | KondoLi2022
- Metaphycus stanleyi | GuerriNo2000
- Metaphycus tuxpan | KondoLi2022
- Microterys bizanensis | Comper1939d
- Microterys kotinskyi | KondoLi2022
- Microterys nicholsoni | Comper1939d
- Microterys nietneri | BasheeAsRa2014
- Plagiomerus cyaneus | KondoLi2022
- Psyllaephagus bicolor | KondoLi2022
- Tremblaya minor | KondoLi2022
- Tremblaya oleae | KondoLi2022
- Trichomasthus nikolskayae | KondoLi2022
- Trichomasthus portoricensis | KondoLi2022
- Tyndarichus coccidiphagus | KondoLi2022
- Eupelmidae
- Eupelmus catoxanthae | KondoLi2022
- Lecaniobius capitatus | KondoLi2022
- Lecaniobius cockerellii | KondoLi2022
- Lecaniobius utilis | KondoLi2022
- Moraceae
- Ficus virens | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983 | (= Ficus wightiana)
- Pteromalidae
- Scutellista caerulea | BadaryAb2011 LePell1968 PriesnHo1940 | (= Scutellista cyanea)
Associates:
Families: 6 | Genera: 9
- Anaplasmataceae
- Wolbachia | SanaeiAlYe2022
- Closteroviridae
- GLRaV-3 | HerrbaAlPr2017
- Enterobacteriaceae
- Enterobacter | RosenbSaSa2012
- Flavobacteriaceae
- Flavobacteriaceae | RosenbSaSa2012
- Formicidae
- Camponotus | SharmaSu2011
- Crematogaster | SharmaSu2011
- Nylanderia jaegerskioeldi | MazzeoNuLo2020
- Oecophylla longinoda | VayssiGrSi2020
- Oecophylla smaragdina | SharmaSu2011
- Ophiocordycipitaceae
- Ophiocordyceps | DengYuWa2021
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 151
- Agalega Islands | Mamet1943a Mamet1978
- Algeria | KhaladBoMa2024
- American Samoa | DoaneFe1916
- Swains' Island | CABI1997b
- Angola | Almeid1973b DeLott1968a
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Barbuda | CABI1997b
- Argentina
- Tucuman | GranarCl2003
- Ascension Island | WilliaMe2007
- Australia | Frogga1915 Kirkal1902 Mamet1943a
- Australian Capital Territory | KondoLi2022
- New South Wales | Frogga1915
- Northern Territory | Green1916e
- Queensland | SmithBeBr1997
- South Australia | RakimoBeWh2013
- Victoria | RakimoBeWh2013
- Western Australia | RakimoBeWh2013
- Austria | KondoLi2022
- Azores | CABI1997b LopesFiMa2008
- Bangladesh | Varshn1992
- Barbados | KondoLi2022
- Belgium | CABI1997b
- Benin | GermaiVaMa2010
- Bermuda | HodgsoHi1991
- Bhutan | KondoLi2022
- Bolivia | KondoLi2022
- Bonin Islands (=Ogasawara-Gunto) | Kawai1987 Mamet1943a
- Brazil | Frogga1915 Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995 Mamet1943a
- Goias | TiagoRoTs2017
- Minas Gerais | KondoLi2022
- Rio Grande do Sul | CABI1997b
- Sao Paulo | CABI1997b
- British Virgin Islands | KondoLi2022
- Brunei | Hodgso1994a
- Burkina Faso | CABI1997b
- Burma (=Myanmar) | Ali1968a Ali1971
- Cameroon | CABI1997b
- Canada | CABI1997b
- Canary Islands | BenDov2013 GomezM1967O PerezGCa1987
- Cape Verde | Fernan1975 VanHarCoWi1990
- Chad | Hodgso1994a
- Chile | AmouroCrGe2017
- Coquimbo | PizarrAlBa2020
- China
- Nei Monggol (=Inner Mongolia) | CABI1997b
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | MartinLa2011
- Yunnan | KondoLi2022
- Christmas Island | NeumanODGu2016
- Cocos (=Keeling) Islands | KondoLi2022
- Colombia | Kondo2001 Kondo2008a
- Comoros | CABI1997b
- Cook Islands | CABI1997b
- Costa Rica | CABI1997b
- Cote d'Ivoire (=Ivory Coast) | CABI1997b
- Cuba | MestreHaBa2001 MestreHaEv2011
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (=Zaire) | KondoLi2022
- Denmark | CABI1997b
- Dominican Republic | CABI1997b
- Ecuador | CABI1997b
- Egypt | EzzatHu1969 Hall1922 Hall1923 Hall1924a Mamet1943a
- El Salvador | QuezadCoDi1972
- Eritrea | DeLott1956a DeLott1957a Hodgso1994a
- Ethiopia | DeLott1959
- Federated States of Micronesia
- Caroline Islands | Mamet1943a
- Fiji | CABI1997b
- France | Balach1939 GermaiBe2003 Mamet1943a
- French Guiana | KondoLi2022
- French Polynesia
- Society Islands | DoaneHa1909 Ferris1935
- Tahiti | CABI1997b
- Galapagos Islands | CaustoPeSi2006 LincanHoCa2010
- Germany | KondoLi2022
- Ghana | CABI1997b
- Greece | TsagkaBePa2016
- Grenada | KondoLi2022
- Guadeloupe | Balach1957c MatileEt2006
- Guam | CABI1997b
- Guatemala | CABI1997b Willia2010
- Guiana | Remill1988
- Guinea | Fernan1987a
- Guyana (=British Guiana) | Mamet1943a Newste1914
- Haiti | PerezG2008
- Hawaiian Islands
- Hawaii | Frogga1915 Kirkal1902 Kirkal1904 Mamet1943a
- Honduras | CABI1997b
- India | Ali1968a Ali1971 Green1908a Hodgso1994a Mamet1943a Newste1917b Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930
- Assam | Ali1971
- Bihar | Ali1968a Ali1971
- Gujarat | KondoLi2022
- Haryana | KondoLi2022
- Himachal Pradesh | KondoLi2022
- Jammu & Kashmir | Varshn1992
- Karnataka | Varshn1992
- Kerala | KondoLi2022
- Maharashtra | KondoLi2022
- Punjab | KondoLi2022
- Tamil Nadu | Ali1971
- Tripura | KondoLi2022
- Uttar Pradesh | Varshn1992
- West Bengal | Ali1971 Green1908a
- Indonesia | CABI1997b
- Irian Jaya | Gavril2013
- Java | CABI1997b
- Sulawesi (=Celebes) | KondoLi2022
- Sumatra | Ali1968a Ali1971
- Israel | BenDov1993 Bodenh1924 Bodenh1935 KfirRo1980
- Italy | LongoMaPe1995 Mamet1943a Marott1987 Pelliz2010
- Sicily | MazzeoNuLo2020
- Jamaica | Cocker1896a
- Japan | Mamet1943a Sassce1911
- Johnston Island | CABI1997b
- Kenya | DeLott1956a Newste1917b Schmut1998
- Kiribati | CABI1997b
- Gilbert Islands | CABI1997b
- Phoenix Islands | BenDov1993
- Laos | Hodgso1994a
- Latvia | Stalaz2021
- Line Islands
- Palmyra Island | CABI1997b
- Luxembourg | GertssSc2020
- Madagascar | Mamet1950 Mamet1951 Mamet1954 Mamet1959a Mamet1962
- Madeira Islands | CarvalAg1997 CarvalFrAg1996 Green1923b
- Malaysia | Ali1971
- Maldives | WatsonOoGi1995 | NeumanODGu2016
- Mali | MuniapWaVa2012
- Marcus Island | Mamet1943a
- Marshall Islands | KondoLi2022
- Martinique | Balach1957c MatileEt2006
- Mauritius | Mamet1943a
- Mexico | CABI1997b
- Baja California Norte | Ferris1921
- Chihuahua | CABI1997b
- Chihuahua | PadillMaNa2016
- Ciudad de México | PadillMaNa2016
- Colima | CABI1997b
- Guanajuato | CABI1997b
- Guerrero | CABI1997b
- Jalisco | CABI1997b
- Michoacan | CABI1997b
- Morelos | CABI1997b
- Nayarit | CABI1997b ChamLuRo2019
- Nuevo Leon | CABI1997b
- Oaxaca | CABI1997b
- Puebla | CABI1997b
- Queretaro | CABI1997b
- Sinaloa | CABI1997b
- Sonora | CABI1997b
- Mozambique | DeLott1968a Hodgso1969a
- Namibia (=South West Africa) | CABI1997b
- Nauru | CABI1997b
- Nepal | KondoLi2022
- Netherlands | Jansen1995
- New Caledonia | CABI1997b
- New Zealand | Frogga1915 Green1929 HodgsoHe2000 Kirkal1902 Mamet1943a
- Nicaragua | CABI1997b
- Nicobar Islands | KondoLi2022
- Nigeria | CABI1997b
- Niue | KondoLi2022
- Norfolk Island | KondoLi2022
- Northern Mariana Islands | Mamet1943a
- Pakistan | CABI1997b Varshn1992
- Palau | Mamet1943a
- Panama | CABI1997b
- Papua New Guinea | CABI1997b
- Peru | Nunez2008
- Philippines | Ali1968a Ali1971 Cocker1905f LongoMaPe1995 Mamet1943a
- Luzon | Ali1971
- Poland | LagowsGo2020
- Portugal | Fernan1992
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | Mamet1943a Martor1976 NakahaMi1981
- Republic of the Congo | KondoLi2022
- Reunion | CABI1997b GermaiMiPa2014
- Romania | Teodor2018
- Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) | KinjoNaHi1996
- Saint Croix | Beatty1944
- Saint Helena | CABI1997b
- Saint Lucia | Malump2012b
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | KondoLi2022
- Sao Tome and Principe
- Sao Tome | Fernan1993 Seabra1921 Seabra1925
- Saudi Arabia | CABI1997b
- Senegal | EtiennMa1993
- Seychelles | Green1907 Mamet1943a
- Aldabra Island | CABI1997b WilliaMa2009b
- Sierra Leone | CABI1997b
- Singapore | CABI1997b
- Solomon Islands | KondoLi2022
- South Africa | Brain1920a DeLott1957a DeLott1967b GroveScDe2014 Mamet1943a
- South Korea | ESKSAE1994 KwonHaCh2005
- Spain | GomezM1958b
- Sri Lanka | Ali1968a Ali1971 Green1896 Green1937 Hodgso1994a Mamet1943a
- Sudan | CABI1997b
- Taiwan | Ali1968a Ali1971 Mamet1943a WongChCh1999
- Tanzania | CABI1997b
- Thailand | Ali1968a Ali1971 Suh2023
- Tonga | BenDov1993
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Trinidad | Cocker1894c Cocker1896k
- Turkey | CebeciSe2004 KaydanUlEr2007
- Tuvalu | BenDov1993
- U.S. Virgin Islands | CABI1997b
- Uganda | DeLott1957a Mamet1943a Newste1911 Newste1913 Newste1917 Newste1917b Newste1920
- United Kingdom
- England | Green1917a MalumpBa2012 Newste1903
- United States
- Alabama | CABI1997b
- California | Ferris1920b
- Florida | CABI1997b HamonWi1984
- Kansas | KondoLi2022
- Louisiana | CABI1997b
- Maryland | CABI1997b
- Missouri | CABI1997b
- New Mexico | CABI1997b
- New York | CABI1997b
- Ohio | CABI1997b
- Oklahoma | CABI1997b
- Pennsylvania | CABI1997b
- Texas | CABI1997b
- Virginia | CABI1997b
- Washington | KondoLi2022
- Vanuatu (=New Hebrides) | WilliaBu1987
- Venezuela | KondoLi2022
- Vietnam | DanzigKo1990
- Volcano Islands (=Kazan-Reto) | CABI1997b
- Wallis and Futuna Islands
- Futuna Island | CABI1997b
- Western Samoa | CABI1997b
- Yemen | KondoLi2022
- Zambia | Hodgso1969a
- Zanzibar | Mamet1956
- Zimbabwe | DeLott1957a Hall1935 Hodgso1967 Hodgso1969a
Keys
- Hodgso2020: pp.221-223 ( Adult (M) ) [Coccidae species]
- KondoMoDi2018: pp.381-382 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae associated with Rosmarinus]
- ChoiSoLe2018: pp.6-7 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae in Laos]
- WolffKoPe2016: pp.275-276 ( Adult (F) ) [Species recorded on Myrciaria dubia in Brazil]
- MohammMo2013: pp.146-148 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species and subspecies of family coccidae in Egypt]
- HodgsoHe2000: pp.199 ( Adult (F) ) [New Zealand]
- EzzatHu1969: pp.374 ( Adult (F) ) [Egypt]
- Beards1966: pp.494 ( Adult (F) ) [Micronesia]
- Borchs1957: pp.332 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic region]
- Zimmer1948: pp.320 ( Adult (F) ) [Hawaii]
Remarks
- Systematics: Subfamily: Coccinae, Saissetini (Choi & Lee, 2019) The analysis of Yen-Po Lin, et al. 2017 determined that a greater awareness of the existence of cryptic diversity within P. nigra is warranted, and that P. nigra was comprised of at least two biotypes (ecotypes), one of which (ANZ) should probably be described and named as distinct species.
- Structure: Colour photograph by Kawai (1980, Figs 6,44), Hamon & Williams (1984) Gill (1988), Carvalho & Aguiar (1997), Wong et al. (1999), and Hodgson & Henderson (2000). Adult female is elongate-oval, shiny, dark brown, 3-4 mm long. Body shape varies according to the substrate, specimens found on leaves are broad, only slightly convex but much more convex than those on stems or leaf-mid-ribs, which are elongate and less convex. Immature stages and young adult specimens of P. nigra are translucent-yellow and sometimes mottled (Hamon & Williams 1984). Antennae well developed. Legs well developed, tarsi slender, tapering, not free-articulated, with or without a sclerotic articular process; ungual digitules a little stouter than the tarsal ones, much expanded apically. Spiracular clefts small. Spiracular setae distinct, 3. Marginal setae not spine-like, frayed. Quinquelocular pores present between the spiracle and spiracular cleft. Anal plates triangular, not much elongated, with or without a discal seta. Dorsum strongly sclerotized at maturity, distinctly reticulated almost over the whole surface, with a minute pore at the center of each polygonal area. Dorsal setae minute, few. Tubular ducts numerous on the venter. Multilocular pores widely present on the midregion of the venter of abdomen. (Takahashi, 1955)
- Biology: Smith (1944) studied the life history, ecology, and natural enemies in California. The nigra scale successfully develops under laboratory conditions on Cucurbita squashes, and on sprouting potato tubers. On squashes, at 24C a generation is completed within 45-60 days. The encapsulation of eggs of Encyrtus infelix (Embleton) was studied by Blumberg & Goldenberg (1992). Life history and pest status on coffee discussed by Le Pelley (1968). In Tamaulipas, Mexico, at least 2 complete generations of P. nigra on mistletoe Phoradendron spp. (Santalales: Santalaceae) were observed near Rio San Marcos in Ciudad Victoria. (Myartseva, et al., 2014)
- Economic Importance: A potential pest of litchi in Israel (Wysoki et al., 1993).
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Ezzat & Hussein (1969), Ben-Dov (1978a), Gill (1988), Williams & Watson (1990), Tang (1991), Hodgson (1994a) and by Hodgson & Henderson (2000).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 29
- Ali1968a: distribution, host, 37
- Ali1971: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 39-40,44
- Almeid1973b: distribution, host, 5
- AlmeidDaBe2013: Grapevine leafroll disease transmission, 3
- AlmeidPeMa2018: distribution, host, 355
- AmouroCrCo2019: distribution, natural enemies, 12
- AmouroCrGe2017: DNA sequencing, phylogenetics, phylogeny, 2-9
- AndoUtOh2010: distribution, host, 174-183
- AnneckMy1979a: biological control, distribution, host, 290-292
- BadaryAb2011: biological control, distribution, host, 53-54
- Balach1939: distribution, host, 257
- Balach1957c: distribution, host, 207
- BalikaKoPr2011: distribution, host, 579
- Ballou1915: distribution, host, 121
- Bartle1969: biological control, distribution, host, 875-878
- Bartle1978: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 66-67
- BasheeAsRa2014: biological control, distribution, 48
- Beards1966: distribution, host, taxonomy, 494-496
- Beatty1944: distribution, host, 114-172
- BenDov1978a: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 115-127
- BenDov1993: catalog, 209-213
- BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 26, 44
- BenDov2013: distribution, illustration, 71
- Blumbe1997: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 225-236
- BlumbeGo1992: biological control, life history, structure, 57-65
- Bodenh1924: distribution, host, 70
- Bodenh1935: distribution, host, 249
- Bodenh1937: distribution, host, 219
- Bolu2012: biological control, 110
- Borchs1950b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 153
- Borchs1957: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 340-343
- Bordag1914: distribution, host,
- Brain1920a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 10-11
- BrainKe1917: distribution, host, 183
- Brimbl1962: distribution, economic importance, host, 226
- BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 295
- CamachCh2015: life history, 4
- CamachCh2015: distribution, host, 8, 12
- CarvalAg1997: description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 168-170
- CarvalFrAg1996: distribution, host, 614
- CaustoPeSi2006: distribution, 137
- CaveRe1996: distribution, host, 7
- CebeciSe2004: distribution, host, 210
- ChamLuRo2019: distribution, host, 361
- ChirinRoFe2017: biological control, natural enemies, 419
- ChoiLe2017: diagnosis, distribution, host, 102
- ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
- ChoiSoLe2018: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 50-51
- Clause1958: biological control, 291-310
- Clause1958a: biological control, distribution, host, 443-447
- Cocker1893g: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 52-55
- Cocker1893j: distribution, host, 254
- Cocker1894c: distribution, host, 307
- Cocker1894d: distribution, 311
- Cocker1896a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 256
- Cocker1896b: distribution, 331-332
- Cocker1896k: distribution, host, iv
- Cocker1898r: distribution, host, 240
- Cocker1901e: taxonomy, 32
- Cocker1902p: distribution, 255
- Cocker1905f: distribution, host, 130
- CockerRo1915a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 427
- Comper1937: biological control, 43-51
- Comper1938: biological control, 315-337
- Comper1939d: biological control, distribution, host, 17-20
- Comper1961a: biological control, 17-71
- CorseuBa1971: distribution, host, 240
- CouturMaRi1985: distribution, host, 277
- CrouchCr2001: distribution, host, 1-5
- DahlstHa1999: economic importance, 919-933
- DanzigKo1990: distribution, host, 45
- Das1959: distribution, host, 437-448
- DeLott1956a: distribution, host, 240-241
- DeLott1957a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 175-177
- DeLott1959: distribution, taxonomy, 151, 152, 153
- DeLott1967b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 789-792,807
- DeLott1968a: distribution, host, 83
- DoaneFe1916: distribution, host, 399
- DoaneHa1909: distribution, host, 297
- Dougla1887a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 28
- Dougla1891a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 95-96
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 114
- DubeyKaJo2022: distribution, host, illustration, key, 510, 513
- Dutt1964: distribution, economic importance, host, 59-71
- EMPPO2002a: description, illustration, taxonomy, 293-298
- ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 112
- ElMinsAbHa1971: chemical control, distribution, host,
- ElsebaAh2017: distribution, host, 1072
- Esaki1940a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 277
- EtiennMa1993: distribution, host, 256
- EzzatHu1969: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 411-413
- EzzatNa1987: distribution, 86
- FDACS2010: distribution, host, 4
- Fernan1975: distribution, host, 43-45
- Fernan1987a: distribution, host, 36
- Fernan1992: distribution, host, 60
- Fernan1993: distribution, host, 111
- Ferris1920b: distribution, host, 36
- Ferris1921: distribution, host, 90
- Ferris1935: distribution, host, 128
- Flande1953a: biological control, 266-269
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 8
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 6,22
- Frogga1915: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 605,610
- FrohliRo1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-10
- GagneEt2009: biological control, distribution, host, 348-349
- Gavril2013: distribution, 82
- GermaiBe2003: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 42-44
- GermaiDeLa2016: host, list of species, 2
- GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, 22
- GermaiVaMa2010: distribution, host, 125
- GertssSc2020: distribution, host, 132
- Gill1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 57-59
- GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
- GomezM1958b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 61-62
- GomezM1967O: distribution, host, 133
- GomezPBaLa2017: symbiont,
- Gonzal2016: distribution, host, illustration, 224, 226-228
- Gowdey1917: distribution, host, 188
- Granar1999: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 115-116
- GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 625-637
- Greath1971: biological control, distribution, host,
- Green1904a: distribution, host, 206
- Green1904d: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 229-231
- Green1907: distribution, host, 200
- Green1908a: distribution, host, 31
- Green1916e: distribution, host, 64
- Green1917a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 201-202
- Green1923b: distribution, host, 88
- Green1929: distribution, host, 376
- Green1930c: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 280,288
- Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 304
- GroveScDe2014: distribution, host, 413
- HakkonPi1984: biological control, 1109-1121
- Hall1922: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 22
- Hall1923: distribution, host, 41
- Hall1924a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 12
- Hall1935: distribution, host, 80-81
- HamonWi1984: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 68-70
- Hempel1900a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 425-426
- HerrbaAlPr2017: Grapevine leafroll disease transmission, 489
- Hodgso1967: distribution, host, 11
- Hodgso1969a: distribution, host, 24-25
- Hodgso1994a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 446-449
- Hodgso2020: key, 222
- HodgsoHe2000: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 199-200,205-206
- HodgsoHi1990: distribution, host, 2-7,9-12,14-18,20-22
- HodgsoHi1991: distribution, host, 136
- HodgsoLa2011: distribution, host, 21
- HouWeZh2023: phylogeny, 343, 344, 346
- HuffakMeDe1971: biological control, 16-67
- HuffakSiLa1976: biological control, 41-78
- Hui1988: biological control, 395-398
- JadhavAj1984: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 248-249
- JadhavAj1985: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 63-65
- Jansen1995: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 134,141
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 23,32
- JohnsoLy1988: distribution, economic importance, host,
- KakotiDeRo2022: biology, distribution, host, list, 8
- Kalsho1981: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 162, 163
- Kawai1972: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 13
- Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 159
- Kawai1987: distribution, host, 77
- KawaiMaUm1971: distribution, host, 17
- KaydanUlEr2007: catalog, distribution, host, 92
- KfirRo1980: biological control, distribution, host, 115-116
- KhaladBoMa2024: distribution, species richness, survey,
- King1902: taxonomy, 296
- KinjoNaHi1996: distribution, host, 126
- Kirkal1902: distribution, host, 106
- Kirkal1904: distribution, 228
- Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 42
- Kondo2008a: distribution, host, 25-29
- Kondo2013: distribution, host, 46
- KondoMoDi2018: host, key, 381
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 11
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 78
- Kozarz1992: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 266-268
- KozarzRe1975: distribution, economic importance, host, 25-26
- Kuwana1909: distribution, host, 153-154
- Kuwana1909a: distribution, host, 159
- Kuwana1931b: distribution, host, 165
- KwonHaCh2005: distribution, host, 54-60
- LagowsGo2020: distribution, 68
- LagowsGoHo2022: distribution, host, list, 9
- Laing1927: distribution, host, 39
- Leonar1913a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 33-35
- LinEdKo2017: DNA, genetics, reproduction, 1-22
- LinGuCo2010: host plants, species richness, 90-98
- LinKoGu2013: distribution, host, molecular data, phylogeny, taxonomy, 251, 258
- LincanHoCa2010: distribution, host, 4
- LoJi1982: biological control, 20-22
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 123
- LopesFiMa2008: distribution, host, 153-154
- LucasPoDe2024: distribution, host, 2
- Malump2002: distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 293-298
- Malump2012b: distribution, 210
- Malump2014a: distribution, host, 72
- MalumpBa2012: distribution, 31
- Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 154-155
- Mamet1949: catalog, distribution, 29-30
- Mamet1950: distribution, host, 22
- Mamet1951: distribution, host, 225
- Mamet1954: distribution, host, 14
- Mamet1956: distribution, host, 136
- Mamet1959a: distribution, host, 378
- Mamet1962: distribution, host, 161
- Mamet1978: distribution, host, 105
- Marott1987: distribution, host, life history, 106
- Martin1984MP: distribution, host, 76
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, 36
- Martor1976: distribution, host, 21-259
- Maskel1895a: distribution, 15
- Matile1970: distribution, host, 175
- Matile1976: distribution, host, 295-296
- Matile1978: distribution, host, 46-48
- Matile1984c: distribution, host, 220
- MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 166
- MatileNo1984: distribution, host, 63
- MestreHaBa2001: distribution, host, 59-61
- MestreHaEv2011: distribution, host, 7-8
- MestreHoHa2015: distribution, host, 8
- MestreKo2018: distribution, 5
- Meurge2011: distribution, 80
- MifsudFsMa2012: natural enemies, 17
- MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, 518
- MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, natural enemies, 134
- Miller1996: catalog, distribution, 70
- MillerWi1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 350
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 150
- MohammMo2013: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 148, 156
- MontilRa2016: biological control, 138
- Morris1920: distribution, host, taxonomy, 197
- MuniapWaVa2012: distribution, 4-6
- MyartsRuCo2004: natural enemies, 143
- MyartsRuCo2014: biological control, description, distribution, host, 1015-1020
- MyartsRuCo2016a: natural enemies, 781
- Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, 391
- Nakaha1983: distribution, host, 5
- NakahaMi1981: distribution, host, 30
- NeumanODGu2016: ant association, dispersal, distribution, host, 159-166
- Newste1903: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 124-126
- Newste1911: distribution, host, 92
- Newste1913: distribution, host, 76
- Newste1914: distribution, host, 306
- Newste1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 363-364
- Newste1917b: distribution, host, 130
- Newste1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 191-192
- Nietne1861: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 9
- Nunez2008: distribution, economic importance, host, 337-338
- OlkowsOlKa1978: biological control, 311-347
- Ossian1959: distribution, host, 199
- PadillMaNa2016: distribution, host, 556
- Painte1951: chemical control, economic importance,
- Pelliz2010: distribution, host, 91
- PerezG2008: distribution, 213
- PerezGCa1987: distribution, host, 127
- PizarrAlBa2020: distribution, host, 27
- QuezadCoDi1972: distribution, host, 15-16
- Quiros1978: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-195
- RakimoBeWh2013: distribution, host, molecular data, 372-378
- RakimoHoMa2015: distribution, host, natural enemies,
- Ramakr1919: distribution, host, 625
- Ramakr1919a: distribution, host, 32,36-37
- Ramakr1920: distribution, economic importance, host, 932-936
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 348-349
- Ramakr1930: distribution, host, 42-45
- RaniSr2005: distribution, host, 89-91
- Rao1969: biological control, 785-792
- Reboul1976: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- Remill1988: distribution, host, 56
- Remill1988: distribution, host, 56
- Reyne1961: distribution, host, 124
- Reyne1964: distribution, host, 97
- RochaFePe2021: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, 149-150
- RodrigNaVa2019: distribution, host, 467
- RosenbSaSa2012: ecology, molecular data, physiology, 2357-2368
- SanaeiLiCo2021: Wolbachia, 4
- Sander1909: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 440-441
- SankarPa1977: biological control, distribution, host, 145-150
- Sassce1911: 67
- Schmut1998: distribution, economic importance, host, 36
- Schmut2001: distribution, host, 339-345
- Seabra1921: distribution, host, 97
- Seabra1925: distribution, host, 37
- ShafeeYoKh1989: distribution, host, 52-54
- SharmaSu2011: distribution, ecology, 62-64
- ShreeMa2000: distribution, economic importance, host, 91-96
- Signor1869: catalog, taxonomy, 851
- Signor1873a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 439-440
- SilvaPeRo2021: host,
- Silves1915b: biological control, distribution, host, 337-377
- Simmon1957: catalog, distribution, host, 9
- SivaraNaRa1987: distribution, host, 101-103
- Smith1944: biological control, description, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 225-288
- SmithBeBr1997: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 50-51
- Sohi1964: distribution, economic importance, host, 111
- SongZhSo2018: ant association, chemistry, natural enemies, wax secretion,
- Stalaz2021: distribution, host, 472
- Steinw1930: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 567-569
- Suh2023: distribution, host, 6
- Sweetm1958: biological control, economic importance, 449-458
- SwirskWyIz2002: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 92
- Takaha1928: distribution, host, 342
- Takaha1929: distribution, host, 57-58
- Takaha1929a: distribution, host, 430
- Takaha1932a: distribution, host, 103
- Takaha1936c: distribution, host, 116-117
- Takaha1939b: distribution, host, 263
- Takaha1940a: distribution, host, 331
- Takaha1941b: distribution, host, 218
- Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 22
- Takaha1942d: distribution, host, 354
- Takaha1955c: distribution, host, 26
- Takaha1955f: distribution, host, 240
- Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 186-187
- TangLi1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 84-86
- Tao1989: catalog, distribution, host, 59
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 62
- TaoWoCh1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 76-78
- Teodor2018: distribution, history, 40
- Thaman2018: ant association, 2
- TiagoRoTs2017: host, natural enemies, 379-384
- TokunaSeUt2018: distribution, host, 143
- TrindaNaMu2016: distribution, host, 162
- TsagkaBePa2016: description, economic importance, host, natural enemies, 12-15
- UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S117
- UsmanPu1955: distribution, host, 50
- VanHarCoWi1990: distribution, host, 134
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 98, 99-100
- Varshn1994: distribution, host, 346
- VayssiGrSi2020: ant association,
- VieiraCaPi1983: distribution, host, 99-100
- WaltonKrSa2009: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-6
- Watson2021: distribution, 521
- WatsonOoGi1995: distribution, host, life history, 51
- Willia1963: taxonomy, 100
- Willia1985b: distribution, host, 53
- Willia2001: distribution, 225-227
- Willia2010: distribution, host, 144-152
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 208, 212, 214
- WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 10,14,19,34,43
- WilliaBu1987: distribution, host, 93
- WilliaMa2009b: distribution, host, 118-119
- WilliaMe2007: distribution, host, 132
- WilliaMi2010: distribution, host, 45
- WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 135-140
- WilliaWi1988: distribution, host, 57
- Wise1977: distribution, host, 106
- WolffKoPe2016: distribution, host, key, 274-275
- WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 16,55
- WuZhFu2018: control, natural enemies,
- Yang1982: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 176-178
- Zacher1913: distribution, economic importance, host, 121
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 160
- ZhangZhLi2017: natural enemies, 1130-1134
- Zimmer1948: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 324-328
- vandenNe2001: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 169-170