Valid Names Results
Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio, 1900 (Coccidae: Ceroplastes)Nomenclatural History
- Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio 1900: 3. Type data: ITALY: Liguria, on Citrus sinensis.. Syntypes, female, accepted valid name Notes: Type material probably lost (G. Pellizzari Scaltriti, 1990, personal communication).
Common Names
- Caparreta blanca Lloren1990
- carrapeta-branca CarvalAg1997
- Chinese wax scale Gill1988 HamonWi1984 SmithBeBr1997
- chinese wax scale Gill1988 HamonWi1984 SmithBeBr1997
- craca CarvalAg1997
- ceroplaste cinese degli agrumi HodgsoHe2000 SmithBeBr1997
- hard wax scale HodgsoHe2000
- citrus wax scale AbdRabEv2021
- céroplaste des agrumes PerontKo2022
- Chinesische Wachsschildlause PerontKo2022
- kanli balsira PerontKo2022
- Китайская восковая ложнощитовка PerontKo2022
- Zitrusschildlaus PerontKo2022
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 61 | Genera: 139
- Acanthaceae
- Avicennia marina | HodgsoHe2000 QinGu1994
- Avicennia officinalis | DeLott1971
- Actinidiaceae
- Actinidia deliciosa | Guncan2015
- Anacardiaceae
- Mangifera indica | CarnerPe1986
- Pistacia | JansenAl2023
- Rhodosphaera rhodanthema | Snowba1970
- Schinus molle | Balach1931a Borg1932 GimpelMiDa1974
- Schinus terebinthifolia | Snowba1970
- Annonaceae
- Annona cherimola | Snowba1970
- Annona squamosa | Marott1987
- Apocynaceae
- Araujia sericifera | Marott1987 MonacoSa1980 | (= Araujia sericofera)
- Cascabela thevetia | KeskinOzCi2022 | (= Thevetia peruviana)
- Hoya carnosa | Marott1987 MonacoSa1980
- Vinca major | KeskinOzCi2022
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex aquifolium | GimpelMiDa1974 MonacoSa1980
- Ilex colchica | BatsanKaKi2017
- Ilex crenata | GimpelMiDa1974
- Ilex vomitoria | GimpelMiDa1974
- Araliaceae
- Aralia | CarnerPe1986
- Hedera helix | MoghadWa2024
- Arecaceae
- Chamaerops humilis | JansenAl2023
- Asteraceae
- Argyranthemum frutescens | Marott1987 | (= Chrysanthemum frutescens)
- Aster | Marott1987
- Baccharis | GimpelMiDa1974
- Baccharis halimifolia | DauphiMa2003
- Cassinia laevis | QinGu1994
- Chrysanthemum | Marott1987
- Chrysanthemum indicum | CorseuBa1971
- Dahlia pinnata | Marott1987
- Felicia hyssopifolia | Snowba1970 | (= Felicia angustifolia)
- Olearia paniculata | Snowba1970
- Osteospermum moniliferum | Marott1987
- Bignoniaceae
- Bignonia | Balach1939 Marott1987
- Dolichandra unguis-cati | VieiraCaPi1983 | (= Bignonia unguiscati)
- Jacaranda mimosifolia | QinGu1994
- Buxaceae
- Buxus sempervirens | VieiraCaPi1983
- Cannabaceae
- Trema micrantha | Marott1987
- Caprifoliaceae
- Lonicera | KeskinOzCi2022
- Celastraceae
- Euonymus europaeus | Marott1987 MonacoSa1980
- Euonymus japonicus | Marott1987
- Cucurbitaceae
- Cucurbita pepo | Marott1987
- Dennstaedtiaceae
- Pteridium esculentum | HodgsoHe2000
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros fasciculosa | Snowba1970
- Diospyros ferrea | Snowba1970
- Diospyros kaki | Marott1987 MonacoSa1980
- Ericaceae
- Arbutus unedo | Marott1987 MonacoSa1980
- Erica arborea | GimpelMiDa1974
- Vaccinium myrtillus | Marott1987 MonacoSa1980
- Escalloniaceae
- Escallonia rubra | GimpelMiDa1974
- Euphorbiaceae
- Croton scouleri | LincanHoCa2010
- Euphorbia pulcherrima | Snowba1970
- Mercurialis annua | Marott1987
- Fabaceae
- Biancaea decapetala | Snowba1970 | (= Caesalpinia sepiaria)
- Cytisus scoparius | Marott1987
- Pultenaea villosa | QinGu1994
- Hydrangeaceae
- Philadelphus coronarius | Marott1987 | (= Philadelphus coronaria)
- Juglandaceae
- Juglans regia | KeskinOzCi2022
- Lamiaceae
- Melissa officinalis | CarnerPe1986
- Rosmarinus officinalis | Marott1987 MonacoSa1980
- Salvia splendens | Marott1987
- Vitex lucens | HodgsoHe2000
- Lauraceae
- Apollonias barbujana | Snowba1970
- Cinnamomum burmannii | Snowba1970
- Cinnamomum camphora | BatsanKaKi2017
- Cinnamomum verum | VieiraCaPi1983 | (= Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
- Laurus | Marott1987
- Laurus nobilis | BatsanKaKi2017
- Persea americana | CarnerPe1986 QinGu1994
- Loranthaceae
- Amyema congener | QinGu1994
- Loranthus | CorseuBa1971
- Lythraceae
- Punica granatum | Moghad2013a MonacoSa1980 QinGu1994 Snowba1970
- Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia grandiflora | BatsanKaKi2017
- Malvaceae
- Grewia flava | Marott1987
- Grewia oppositifolia | Marott1987
- Hoheria populnea | HodgsoHe2000
- Lagunaria patersonii | VieiraCaPi1983
- Moraceae
- Ficus carica | Borg1932 Marott1987
- Ficus virens | Snowba1970
- Ficus watkinsiana | Snowba1970
- Musaceae
- Musa | Snowba1970
- Myrtaceae
- Acca sellowiana | Marott1987 MonacoSa1980 | (= Feijoa sellowiana)
- Callistemon citrinus | Snowba1970
- Callistemon polandii | QinGu1994
- Eucalyptus curtisii | QinGu1994
- Eugenia | QinGu1994
- Eugenia greggii | Snowba1970
- Feijoa sellowiana | KeskinOzCi2022
- Lophostemon confertus | Snowba1970 | (= Tristania conferta)
- Melaleuca armillaris | QinGu1994 Snowba1970
- Melaleuca bracteata | QinGu1994
- Melaleuca decussata | Snowba1970
- Melaleuca diosmifolia | Marott1987
- Melaleuca elliptica | QinGu1994
- Melaleuca hypericifolia | Snowba1970
- Melaleuca linariifolia | QinGu1994
- Melaleuca linearis | Snowba1970
- Melaleuca pauciflora | Snowba1970
- Melaleuca quinquenervia | QinGu1994
- Melaleuca viminalis | QinGu1994
- Myrtus communis | PellizPoSe2011
- Psidium guajava | Marott1987
- Rhodomyrtus psidioides | Snowba1970
- Sannantha virgata | DeLott1971 QinGu1994 | (= Baeckea virgata)
- Syncarpia glomulifera | Snowba1970
- Syzygium | QinGu1994 Snowba1970 | (= Acmena)
- Syzygium floribundum | GimpelMiDa1974
- Syzygium francisii | Snowba1970
- Syzygium luehmannii | Snowba1970
- Syzygium moorei | Snowba1970
- Syzygium paniculatum | QinGu1994
- Triplarina imbricata | QinGu1994 | (= Baeckea camphorata)
- Ochnaceae
- Ochna mauritiana | Snowba1970
- Oleaceae
- Syringa vulgaris | Marott1987 MonacoSa1980
- Onagraceae
- Fuchsia | Marott1987 MonacoSa1980
- Pinaceae
- Cedrus deodara | BatsanKaKi2017
- Pittosporaceae
- Bursaria spinosa | Snowba1970
- Plantaginaceae
- Galvezia leucantha | LincanHoCa2010
- Veronica salicifolia | Marott1987
- Veronica stricta | HodgsoHe2000 | (= Hebe stricta)
- Platanaceae
- Platanus orientalis | Marott1987 MonacoSa1980
- Plumbaginaceae
- Ceratostigma willmottianum | Snowba1970
- Polygonaceae
- Muehlenbeckia platyclada | Marott1987
- Portulacaceae
- Portulaca oleracea | Marott1987
- Primulaceae
- Aegiceras corniculatum | QinGu1994
- Myrsine africana | Marott1987
- Proteaceae
- Banksia ericifolia | QinGu1994
- Grevillea | QinGu1994
- Grevillea banksii | QinGu1994
- Grevillea pteridifolia | QinGu1994
- Hakea salicifolia | QinGu1994
- Putranjivaceae
- Drypetes deplanchei | Snowba1970 | (= Drypetes australasica)
- Rhamnaceae
- Frangula alnus | Marott1987
- Rosaceae
- Chaenomeles lagenaria | Snowba1970
- Cotoneaster dammeri | GimpelMiDa1974
- Crataegus | MonacoSa1980
- Eriobotrya japonica | KeskinOzCi2022
- Osteomeles schwerinae | Snowba1970
- Prunus persica | MonacoSa1980
- Pyrus communis | GimpelMiDa1974 MonacoSa1980
- Rosa | MonacoSa1980
- Spiraea | BatsanKaKi2017
- Rubiaceae
- Burchellia bubalina | Snowba1970
- Canthium | Snowba1970
- Coprosma | HodgsoHe2000
- Coprosma rhamnoides | HodgsoHe2000
- Coprosma robusta | HodgsoHe2000
- Gardenia jasminoides | CorseuBa1971 | (= Gardenia florida)
- Gardenia thunbergia | Snowba1970
- Rogiera amoena | Snowba1970 | (= Rondeletia amoena)
- Rutaceae
- Calodendrum capense | QinGu1994 | (= Calodendron capense)
- Citrus | Argyri1983 Balach1931a Balach1939 CarvalAg1997 FrancoPa1991 Jansen1995 SmithBeBr1997
- Citrus aurantium | Balach1927 DelGue1900 GomezM1958b QinGu1994 | (= Citrus nobilis, Citrus paradisi, Citrus sinensis)
- Citrus limon | DeLott1971 QinGu1994
- Citrus reticulata | QinGu1994 Snowba1970
- Coleonema pulchrum | Snowba1970
- Medicosma cunninghamii | Snowba1970
- Melicope simplex | HodgsoHe2000
- Salicaceae
- Casearia sylvestris | CorseuBa1971
- Santalaceae
- Korthalsella salicornioides | HenderSuRo2010
- Sapindaceae
- Aesculus hippocastanum | Marott1987
- Aesculus pavia | Marott1987
- Arytera divaricata | Snowba1970
- Dimocarpus longan | CarnerPe1986 | (= Euphorbia longan, Euphoria longan)
- Dodonaea tenuifolia | QinGu1994
- Dodonaea triquetra | Snowba1970
- Dodonaea viscosa | Snowba1970
- Harpullia pendula | Snowba1970
- Litchi chinensis | QinGu1994
- Sapindus saponaria | Marott1987
- Sarcopteryx | Snowba1970
- Sapotaceae
- Chrysophyllum imperiale | Snowba1970 | (= Martiusella imperialis)
- Manilkara | Snowba1970 | (= Achras)
- Planchonella australis | Snowba1970
- Planchonella myrsinoides | Snowba1970
- Planchonella wakere | Snowba1970 | (= Pouteria wakere)
- Scrophulariaceae
- Myoporum | Argyri1983
- Myoporum tenuifolium | VieiraCaPi1983 | (= Myoporum acuminatum)
- Solanaceae
- Capsicum annuum | Marott1987
- Cyphomandra betacea | Marott1987
- Lycium minimum | LincanHoCa2010
- Solanum | Balach1933e
- Solanum aviculare | HodgsoHe2000
- Solanum lycopersicum | Marott1987 | (= Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Solanum nigrum | Marott1987
- Solanum paniculatum | CorseuBa1971
- Streptosolen | Green1923b
- Streptosolen jamesonii | GimpelMiDa1974 QinGu1994
- Stilbaceae
- Halleria lucida | Marott1987
- Styracaceae
- Styrax officinalis | Marott1987
- Theaceae
- Camellia | Pen1960 | (= Thea)
- Camellia sinensis | BatsanKaKi2017
- Thymelaeaceae
- Gnidia oppositifolia | Marott1987
- Urticaceae
- Urtica dioica | Marott1987
- Verbenaceae
- Duranta erecta | Green1923b Marott1987 | (= Duranta plumieri)
Foes:
Families: 9 | Genera: 15
- Aphelinidae
- Aphytis hispanicus | KohikhDa2017
- Coccophagus ceroplastae | MartinCaVe2015
- Coccophagus lycimnia | ArgyriStMo1976
- Coccophagus yoshidae | AmouroCrCo2019
- Chrysopidae
- Chrysoperla carnea | ArgyriStMo1976
- Coccinellidae
- Chilocorus | Pen1960
- Chilocorus bipustulatus | Pen1960 StathaKaEl2003
- Exochomus | StathaKaEl2003
- Exochomus quadripustulatus | PerontKo2022
- Halmus chalybeus | LoCh2001
- Encyrtidae
- Encyrtus aurantii | MifsudFsMa2012
- Metaphycus helvolus | TavareSaDa2019
- Microterys nietneri | KohikhDa2017
- Eulophidae
- Aprostocetus ceroplastae | ArgyriStMo1976 | (= Tetrastichus ceroplastae)
- Mymaridae
- Alaptus priesneri | MoghadWa2024
- Noctuidae
- Coccidiphaga scitula | MonacoSa1980
- Eublemma scitula | GaikwaKeKa2022
- Pteromalidae
- Scutellista caerulea | MonacoSa1980 StathaKaEl2003
- Signiphoridae
- Signiphora bifasciata | AmouroCrCo2019
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 37
- Algeria | HodgsoPe2012
- Australia | DeLott1971
- Australian Capital Territory | QinGu1994
- New South Wales | QinGu1994 SmithBeBr1997
- Queensland | QinGu1994 SmithBeBr1997
- South Australia | QinGu1994
- Western Australia | QinGu1994
- Azores | CarvalFrAg1996 FrancoRuMa2011 LopesFiMa2008
- Bermuda | HodgsoHi1991
- Brazil
- Rio Grande do Sul | CABI1980a
- Santa Catarina | HickelDu1995
- Bulgaria | PencheYo2016
- Canary Islands | PerezGCa1987
- Chile | KondoGu2010
- Coquimbo | PizarrAlBa2020
- Corsica | Foldi2003
- Crete | PellizPoSe2011
- Croatia | Masten2007
- Cyprus | SismanUl2010
- Egypt | Hall1924a
- France | Balach1931a Balach1933d Balach1939 DauphiMa2003 Foldi2000
- Galapagos Islands | CaustoPeSi2006 LincanHoCa2010
- Georgia (Republic of) | YasnosTaCh2005
- Greece | Argyri1983 ArgyriStMo1976 StathaKaEl2003
- Indonesia
- Sulawesi (=Celebes) | Gavril2013
- Iran | Bodenh1944b Kaussa1957 KozarFoZa1996 Moghad2009
- Italy | DeLott1971 LongoMaPe1995 Marott1987
- Sicily | Liotta1970 Marott1987
- Madeira Islands | CarvalAg1997 CarvalFrAg1996 DeLott1971 Green1923b
- Malta | Borg1932 MifsudMaRu2014
- Mexico | GimpelMiDa1974
- Veracruz | GimpelMiDa1974
- Morocco | Rungs1970
- Netherlands | FetykoKo2012
- New Zealand | DeLott1971 HenderSuRo2010 HodgsoHe2000 LoCh2001
- Three Kings Islands | HodgsoHe2000
- Norfolk Island | HodgsoHe2000
- Philippines | Baltaz1962
- Portugal | CarvalFrAg1996 Fernan1992 Seabra1942
- Romania | Teodor2018
- Russia
- Caucasus | WilliaKo1972
- Sardinia | Marott1987 Pelliz2011
- Solomon Islands | DeLott1971
- Spain | Balach1935b Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Tunisia | HodgsoPe2012
- Turkey | CebeciSe2004 KaydanUlEr2007 Tuncyu1970a
- United States
- California | Koszta1996
- Florida | FDACS2010
- North Carolina | Koszta1996
- Pennsylvania | Stimme1998
- Virginia | WilliaKo1972
Keys
- MoghadWa2024: pp.45 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Ceroplastes in Iran]
- MoghadNe2021: pp.177 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes in Iran]
- PapadoKaMa2020: pp.3 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes in Greece]
- KondoMoDi2018: pp.381-382 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae associated with Rosmarinus]
- MohammMo2013: pp.146-148 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species and subspecies of family coccidae in Egypt]
- FetykoKo2012: pp.293 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Ceroplastes in the Palaearctic Region based on slide-mounted adult females]
- KondoGu2010: pp.13-14 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae species of Chile]
- HodgsoWiGi2009: pp.102-104 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes species of South Africa]
- MoriPeTo2001: pp.42 ( Adult (F) ) [Italy]
- HodgsoHe2000: pp.185 ( Adult (F) ) [New Zealand]
- Koszta1996: pp.325 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastren North America]
- PellizCa1994: pp.177 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes species of Mediterranean]
- WilliaWa1990: pp.65 ( Adult (F) ) [Tropical South Pacific]
- Gill1988: pp.17 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, California]
- HamonWi1984: pp.18 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Florida]
- GimpelMiDa1974: pp.19 ( Adult (F) ) [USA]
- WilliaKo1972: pp.36 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Virginia]
- Borchs1957: pp.451 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic region]
Remarks
- Systematics: Subfamily: Ceroplasinae (Choi & Lee, 2019) Based on their cladistic analysis of wax scale insects, Qin et al. (1994) predicted that the native range of C. sinensis was within Central or South America. This supposition was supported later by the discovery of heavily parasitized individuals of C. sinensis in Argentina. (Hodgson & Peronti, 2012) Ceroplastes sinensis is similar to C. cirripediformis but differs by lacking capitate dorsal setae (present in C. cirripediformis), in having submarginal filamentous ducts (absent in C. cirripediformis), and in having 2 subapical setae on each anal plate (1 in C. cirripediformis). (Peronti & Kondo, 2022)
- Structure: Adult female 3-7 mm long; convex. Adult females have the test distinctly divided into 7 plates, but the plates become obscure in old specimens. Anterior portion of the cover slightly lower than posterior; anterior portion white while the posterior is light brown or pink. Colour photograph by Gill (1988), Katsoyannos (1996), Carvalho & Aguiar (1997), Hodgson & Henderson (2000) and by Germain et al., (2003). Slide-mounted adult female body oval, convex, with shallow stigmatic clefts. Caudal process short and stout (Moghaddam & Watson 2024).
- Biology: One annual generation was reported in Italy on citrus (Monastero & Zaami, 1959; Frediani, 1967); in USA, Virginia (Kosztarab, 1996); on pears in Italy (Frediani, 1960). Snowball (1970) outlined the life history in New South Wales. Life history in Spain described by Llorens Climent (1984). Beattie et al. (1990) studied the effect of nutrients in citrus (New South Wales, Australia) on the growth, size and phenology.
- Economic Importance: Natural enemies listed by Borchsenius (1957). A sporadic pest of citrus in Italy and Spain. A serious pest of citrus in Australia (Snowball, 1970; Qin & Gullan, 1994).
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of the adult female given by De Lotto (1971), Williams & Kosztarab (1972), Gimpel et al. (1974), Hamon & Williams (1984), Gill (1988), Williams & Watson (1990), Kosztarab (1996) and by Hodgson & Henderson (2000). Description of the adult female given by Borchsenius (1957).
Hamon and Williams (1984) treated C. sinensis as a possible introduction to Florida, describing and illustrating it, but it has not actually been reported from that state.
Illustrations
Citations
- AlmeidPeMa2018: distribution, host, 355
- AmouroCrCo2019: distribution, natural enemies, 12
- AmouroCrGe2017: DNA sequencing, phylogenetics, phylogeny, 2-10
- Argyri1970: biological control, distribution, host, 57-65
- Argyri1983: distribution, host, 364
- ArgyriStMo1976: biological control, distribution, host, 23
- ArouaKaBe2019: distribution, host,
- Balach1927: distribution, host, 186
- Balach1931a: distribution, host, 100
- Balach1932d: distribution, host, taxonomy, xxxiv
- Balach1933e: distribution, host, 5
- Balach1935b: distribution, host, 264
- Balach1939: distribution, host, 258
- BalciuBuPu1995: 247-267
- Baltaz1962: distribution, host, 6,12
- BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 253
- Beatti1979: chemical control, distribution, host, 35
- Beatti1993: taxonomy, 1-19
- BenDov1993: catalog, 54-56
- Benass1969: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 793-799
- Bodenh1944b: distribution, host, 90
- Bodenh1951a: distribution, host, 387
- Bodenh1953a: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 113-114
- Bolu2012: biological control, 109
- Borchs1937: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 79-80
- Borchs1950b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 154
- Borchs1957: biological control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 451-454
- Borg1932: distribution, host, 16
- BouhelDeDe1932: control, distribution, host, 1-60
- CABI1980: distribution, 1-2
- CamachCh2015: biological control, distribution, ecology, host, life history, 1, 6, 11, 14
- CamporPe1994: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 180-182
- CarnerPe1986: distribution, host, 12-13
- Carrer1980: biological control, distribution, host, 625-631
- CarvalAg1997: description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 168-170
- CarvalFrAg1996: distribution, economic importance, host, 614
- Castel1951a: biological control, 95-98
- CaustoPeSi2006: distribution, 137
- CebeciSe2004: distribution, host, 208
- ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
- Chou1947a: chemical control, 37
- CorseuBa1971: distribution, host, 238
- Costan1948: distribution, host, taxonomy, 85-88
- Danzig1972: distribution, host, 199
- DauphiMa2003: distribution, host, 161-263
- DeLott1971: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 143-145
- DecuypDeCl2024: chemical control, 72
- DelGue1900: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 3-26
- DelGue1906: distribution, host, 257-263
- Delucc1975: distribution, host,
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 113
- Dzhash1970: distribution, host, taxonomy, 182
- Evlakh1941: biological control, distribution, host, 64-65
- FDACS2010: distribution, host, 3
- FallahJa2017: distribution, natural enemies, 23, 33
- Fernal1903b: catalog, 157
- Fernan1992: distribution, host, 59
- FetykoKo2012: distribution, taxonomy, 292
- Fletch1951: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-24
- Foldi2000: distribution, host, 82
- Foldi2003: distribution, host, 150
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 8
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 5,22
- Frank2021: ecology, life history, 6
- Fredia1960: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 89-95
- FriedBaGe2013: description, distribution, host, illustration, 285-289
- GaikwaKeKa2022: natural enemies, 4
- Gavril2013: distribution, 78
- GermaiMaPi2002: distribution, host, 255
- GermaiMaPi2003: distribution, host, structure, 23
- Gill1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 20-21,25
- GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
- GimpelMiDa1974: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 62-67
- GiraldWiDo2024: behavior, distribution, host, Dataset S4
- GomesC1949: distribution, host,
- GomezM1937: biological control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 313-316
- GomezM1958b: biological control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 128-134
- Gonzal2016: description, distribution, host, illustration, 29, 51, 93, 193, 198, 200-204
- GradyRe1940: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 1-32
- Green1923b: distribution, host, 88
- Greig1944: distribution, host, taxonomy,
- Guncan2015: distribution, host,
- Hadzib1983: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 153-154
- Hall1924a: distribution, host, 23
- HamonWi1984: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, key, life history, taxonomy, 32-34
- HenderSuRo2010: distribution, host, 2
- HickelDu1995: distribution, host, 665-668
- HodgsoHe2000: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 190,193-194
- HodgsoHi1991: distribution, host, 136
- HodgsoPe2012: description, distribution, host, illustration, structure, taxonomy, 152-154, 243
- HodgsoWiGi2009: taxonomy, 102-104
- Jansen1995: distribution, host, 134
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 23
- JohnsoLy1988: distribution, host,
- KakotiDeRo2022: biology, distribution, host, list, 7
- Katsoy1996: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 15,81-83
- Kaussa1957: distribution, host, 1
- KaydanUlEr2007: catalog, distribution, host, 91
- KeskinOzCi2022: distribution, host, taxonomy, 247
- Kiritc1932a: taxonomy, 248
- Kiritc1935: distribution, host, 3
- Kiritc1936: distribution, host, 71
- KohikhDa2017: natural enemies,
- KondoGu2010: distribution, host, 12
- KondoMoDi2018: host, key, 381
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 9
- Koszta1996: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 332-333
- Koteja1974b: taxonomy, 81
- KozarFoZa1996: distribution, host, 65
- KozarWa1985: catalog, 76
- KreiteAuGe2006: distribution, economic importance, host, 143
- Leonar1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 364-366
- LimonMeBl1976a: biological control, distribution, host, 263-276
- LincanHoCa2010: distribution, host, 4
- Lindin1912b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 115,219,307
- Liotta1970: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 33
- LiottaMiRa1977: economic importance, host, 29-67
- Lloren1984: description, distribution, host, taxonomy,
- LoBlPe1996: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 315-321
- LoCh2001: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 57-66
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, host, 134
- LongoRu1986: distribution, economic importance, host, 41
- LopesFiMa2008: distribution, host, 153-154
- Marott1987: distribution, host, life history, 99-100
- Martin1984MP: distribution, host, 68
- MartinCaVe2015: biological control, biology, natural enemies,
- Masten2007: distribution, host, taxonomy, 1-242
- MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, host, 503
- MilekNoSi2018: distribution, host, 31-37
- Miller1996: catalog, distribution, 70
- MillerRuPa2014: 65
- Moghad2009: distribution, host, 6
- Moghad2013a: distribution, illustration, 8
- MoghadNe2021: distribution, key, 176-177
- MoghadWa2024: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, natural enemies, 13-14, 50
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 149
- MohammMo2013: illustration, taxonomy, 146,151
- MonacoSa1980: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 3-6
- Monast1958: control, economic importance, 131-165
- MonastZa1959: biological control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 4-26
- MoriPeTo2001: taxonomy, 42
- Neves1936: distribution, host, 207-208
- Panis1982: biological control, distribution, 12-22
- Paoli1927a: distribution, host, 382-387
- PapadoKaMa2020: key, 3
- Pelliz2011: distribution, 311
- PellizCa1994: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 180-182
- PellizChMi2015: distribution, 60,71
- PellizPoSe2011: distribution, host, 274,297
- Pen1960: biological control, 104-112
- PencheYo2016: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 19, 25
- PerezGCa1987: distribution, host, 127
- PerontKo2022: control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 244-245
- PicartMa2000: distribution, host, 14-20
- PietriBiCo1969: chemical control, 909-915
- PizarrAlBa2020: distribution, host, 27
- Priore1967: ecology, life history, 46-46
- QinGu1994: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 941-953
- QinGu1995: taxonomy, 302
- QinGuBe1994: distribution, host, taxonomy, 541-549
- RosaPeSo2011: structure, 19
- RosenbSaSa2012: ecology, molecular data, physiology, 2357-2368
- Rungs1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 91-94
- SandsVa2003: biological control, host, 41-53
- Scorti1987: distribution, host, 35-40
- Seabra1942: distribution, 2
- Silves1920: distribution, host, taxonomy, 3-17
- Silves1921: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-11
- Silves1926a: control, distribution, host, 97-101
- SismanUl2010: distribution, host, 219-224
- SmithBeBr1997: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 59-61
- Snowba1970: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 57-66
- StathaKaEl2003: biological control, distribution, ecology, host, life history, 271-275
- Stimme1987: distribution, host, 10
- Stimme1998: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 17-19
- TabataLo2002: chemical control, 30
- Teodor2018: distribution, history, 39
- Tranfa1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 701-704
- Tranfa1981: distribution, host, life history, 23-26
- TranfaVi1987a: economic importance, 215-221
- Trembl1988a: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 251-254
- Tuncyu1970a: distribution, host, life history, 67-80
- UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S116
- Valent1963: biological control, 6-13
- Valent1967: biological control, 1100
- VieiraCaPi1983: distribution, host, 95
- Viggia1970a: distribution, economic importance, host, 47-55
- Vilar1951: illustration, taxonomy, 177-181
- Vilar1952: illustration, taxonomy, 8
- Willia2013: distribution, 190
- WilliaKo1972: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 48-54
- WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 79-81
- Wise1977: distribution, host, 103
- Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 187
- Yasnos1987: economic importance, 229-234
- Yasnos1995: distribution, economic importance, host, 247-251
- YasnosTaCh2005: biological control, distribution, host, 295-302
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 156
