Valid Names Results

Eucalymnatus tessellatus (Signoret, 1873) (Coccidae: Eucalymnatus)

Nomenclatural History

Lecanium tessellatum Signoret 1873a: 401. Type data: FRANCE: Montpellier, in a greenhouse, on Caryota ursus.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (RayWi1981,231). Type depository: Vienna: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; accepted valid name
Lecanium perforatum Newstead 1894b: 233. Type data: ENGLAND: Kew, on Caryota cumingii.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,107). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Green1922a, 461).
Lecanium tessellatum perforatum Newstead, 1894; Cockerell 1897d: 90. change in status (level)
Lecanium tessellatum swainsonae Cockerell 1897h: 109. Type data: JAMAICA: on lignumvitae [=Guaiacum sanctum].. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by RayWi1981, 231).
Lecanium (Eucalymnatus) tessellatum Signoret, 1873; Cockerell & Parrott 1901: 57. change of combination
Coccus perforatum (Newstead, 1894); Kirkaldy 1902: 106. change of combination
Coccus tessellatum (Signoret, 1873); Kirkaldy 1902: 106. change of combination
Eucalymnatus tessellatus (Signoret, 1873); Cockerell 1902k: 453. change of combination
Eucalymnatus perforatus (Newstead, 1894); Fernald 1903b: 166. change of combination
Eucalymnatus tessellatus swainsonae (Cockerell, 1897); Fernald 1903b: 167. change of combination
Lecanium subtessellatum Green 1904d: 206. Type data: SRI LANKA: Kandy, on undetermined tree.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,107). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Green1907, 205).
Eucalymnatus subtessellatus (Green, 1904); Sanders 1906: 7. Type depository: Rio de Janeiro: Fundacao Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; change of combination
Lecanium (Eucalymnatus) tessellatum prforatum; Newstead 1914a: 306. subsequent use
Lecanium (Eucalymnatus) perforatum; Pettit & McDaniel 1920: 18. subsequent use
Lecanium tessellatum obsoletum Green 1922b: 1024. Type data: SRI LANKA: Matale, on Myrtus communis.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,107). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Green1937, 300).
Lecanium tesselatum Signoret, 1873; Ramakrishna Ayyar 1926: 454. misspelling of species epithet
Lecanium tesselatum obsoletum Green, 1922; Ramakrishna Ayyar 1926: 454. misspelling of species epithet
Eucalymnatus tesselatus (Signoret, 1873); Balachowsky 1927: 185. misspelling of species epithet
Eucalymnatus tesselatus (Signoret, 1873); Granara de Willink 1999: 94. misspelling of species epithet
Eucalymnatus tessellates (Signoret, 1873); Kakoti, et al. 2022: 8. misspelling of species epithet

Common Names

cochonilha-reticulata CarvalAg1997
palm scale Gill1988
tessellated scale BenDov1993 Gill1988 HamonWi1984
tessellated soft scale AbdRabEv2021
сетчатая ложнощитовка Kondo2022f
escama blanda teselada Kondo2022f
cochenille plate des serres Kondo2022f

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 57 | Genera: 123

Acanthaceae

Sanchezia | EzzatHu1969
Sanchezia nobilis | Hall1925

Anacardiaceae

Mangifera | HodgsoHi1990
Mangifera indica | Ali1971 DeLott1965a JhalaPaSh1989 Mamet1943a Matile1978 Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983
Schinus terebinthifolia | WilliaWa1990 | (= Schinus terebinthifolius)

Annonaceae

Annona muricata | Beards1966 Kondo2008a

Apocynaceae

Alyxia stellata | Nakaha1981a | (= Alyxia olivaeformis)
Calotropis gigantea | WilliaWa1990
Cerbera | HodgsoHi1990
Nerium | HodgsoHi1990
Nerium oleander | WilliaWa1990
Plumeria rubra | Mamet1943a WilliaWa1990 WilliaWi1988 | (= Plumeria acutifolia)

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex cassine | HamonWi1984

Araceae

Alocasia macrorrhizos | MilleHeCa2016
Anthurium | Mamet1943a
Anthurium andraeanum | Nakaha1981a
Epipremnum aureum | WilliaWa1990 | (= Scindapsus aureus)
Philodendron lacerum | MestreHoHa2015

Araliaceae

Hedera | HodgsoHi1990
Heptapleurum actinophyllum | Nakaha1981a | (= Brassaia actinophylla) (= Schefflera actinophylla)
Meryta angustifolia | WilliaWa1990
Plerandra | HodgsoHi1990 | (= Dizygotheca)
Schefflera | HodgsoHi1990

Arecaceae

Aiphanes horrida | Ballou1926 | (= Martinezia caryotaefolia)
Archontophoenix cunninghamiana | Nakaha1981a | (= Archontophoenix cunninghamii)
Areca | CostaL1923a
Arecaceae | Granar1999 HodgsoHi1990 Ramakr1930
Arenga engleri | KawaiMaUm1971
Arenga pinnata | KozarzRe1975 | (= Arenga saccharifera)
Caryota | EzzatHu1969 Hall1925 Hodgso1994a | (= Caryotus)
Caryota cumingii | Hodgso1994a
Caryota mitis | KozarzRe1975 Lindin1907b SolisATeGo1992 | (= Caryota sobolifera)
Caryota rumphiana | WilliaWi1988
Caryota urens | Ali1971 Ballou1926 Green1896 Green1904d Green1937 HamonWi1984 Signor1873a | Caryota ursus
Cocos | HodgsoHi1990 Laing1933
Cocos nucifera | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1907 Mamet1943a Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983
Dypsis decaryi | HamonWi1984 | (= Neodypsis decaryi )
Dypsis lutescens | Ballou1926 Mamet1943a Mamet1952 WilliaWi1988 | (= Chrysalidocarpus lutescens)
Elaeis guineensis | WilliaWa1990
Howea | Leonar1918 | (= Kentia)
Howea belmoreana | GomezM1958b | (= Kentia balmoreana)
Howea forsteriana | Marott1987 | (= Howeia forsterana)
Latania lontaroides | MilleHeCa2016 | (= Latania commersonii)
Latania verschaffeltii | Mamet1943a
Livistona chinensis | WilliaWi1988
Nypa fruticans | Beards1966
Phoenix | Nakaha1981a
Phoenix canariensis | Balach1927 Balach1939 VieiraCaPi1983
Phoenix dactylifera | GomezM1958b
Phoenix roebelenii | Ballou1926 TaoWoCh1983 | (= Phoenix roebelinii)
Rhapis excelsa | Balach1927
Rhapis humilis | KawaiMaUm1971 SolisATeGo1992
Roystonea | HodgsoHi1990 | (= Roystonia)
Roystonea regia | MilleHeCa2016 | (= Oreodoxa regia)
Sabal palmetto | Nakaha1983 | (= Sabal blackburniana)
Trachycarpus fortunei | Balach1927 | (= Chamaerops excelsa)
Washingtonia | SolisATeGo1992

Asteraceae

Baccharis halimifolia | HamonWi1984
Fitchia | WilliaWa1990

Bignoniaceae

Crescentia | BugajNJuKa2021

Calophyllaceae

Calophyllum | Ali1971 Beards1966 HodgsoHi1990 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
Calophyllum calaba | MestreHaEv2011
Calophyllum inophyllum | Ali1971 Mamet1943a TaoWoCh1983

Cannaceae

Canna indica | MilleHeCa2016

Caricaceae

Carica papaya | Mamet1943a WilliaWa1990

Celastraceae

Salacia | WilliaWa1990

Costaceae

Costus spicatus | MestreHoHa2015

Cucurbitaceae

Cucurbitaceae | WilliaWa1990

Cyperaceae

Scleria lithosperma | MestreHaEv2011

Elaeocarpaceae

Elaeocarpus | Nakaha1981a

Euphorbiaceae

Aleurites moluccana | MilleHeCa2016
Hura | BugajNJuKa2021
Jatropha integerrima | MestreHaEv2011

Evodia

Evodia | WilliaWa1990

Fabaceae

Acacia farnesiana | Varshn1992 | (= Mimosa indica)
Cajanus cajan | Mamet1943a WilliaWi1988

Flagellariaceae

Flagellaria | WilliaWa1990

Gnetaceae

Gnetum gnemon | WilliaWa1990

Goodeniaceae

Scaevola | Nakaha1981a
Scaevola taccada | Green1907 Mamet1943a | (= Scaevola koenigii)

Heliconiaceae

Heliconia | WilliaWa1990

Lamiaceae

Premna | WilliaWa1990

Lauraceae

Cinnamomum | Ali1971 Green1904d
Cinnamomum cassia | Ballou1926
Cinnamomum elegans | WilliaWa1990
Cinnamomum montanum | MestreHoHa2015
Cinnamomum verum | Ali1971 Mamet1943a TaoWoCh1983 WilliaBu1987 | (= Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
Cryptocarya elegans | WilliaWa1990
Laurus | HodgsoHi1990
Laurus nobilis | BatsanKaKi2017
Litsea | Ali1971 Green1904d
Machilus | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
Nectandra coriacea | MestreHaEv2011
Persea | HamonWi1984

Lecythidaceae

Barringtonia asiatica | WilliaWa1990

Linaceae

Linum grandiflorum | BatsanKaKi2017

Lythraceae

Sonneratia caseolaris | Beards1966 | (= Sonneratia casseolaris)

Malpighiaceae

Hiptage benghalensis | Ali1971 Green1904d | (= Hiptage madablota)
Malpighia glabra | Koteja1972

Malvaceae

Ceiba pentandra | Green1904a | (= Eriodendron anfractuosum )
Heritiera littoralis | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
Lagunaria patersonii | WilliaWa1990
Pterospermum acerifolium | Leonar1918 Marott1987
Theobroma cacao | WilliaWa1990

Meliaceae

Aglaia elaeagnoidea | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983 | (= Aglaia formosana)

Moraceae

Brosimum | BugajNJuKa2021
Ficus | HodgsoHi1990
Ficus aurea | RayWi1981
Ficus benjamina | Balach1927 | (= Ficus nitida)
Ficus boninsimae | KawaiMaUm1971
Ficus carica | Balach1927
Ficus elastica | Ali1971 Balach1927 TaoWoCh1983
Ficus religiosa | Ballou1926
Ficus tinctoria | WilliaWa1990

Musaceae

Musa paradisiaca | WilliaWa1990 | (= Musa sapientum)

Myrtaceae

Blakella citriodora | Mamet1943a | (= Eucalyptus citriodora)
Eugenia | Ali1971 Cocker1897k HodgsoHi1990 Mamet1956
Metrosideros | Nakaha1981a
Metrosideros boninensis | KawaiMaUm1971
Myrtus | Ali1971
Myrtus communis | Green1922a
Pimenta | HodgsoHi1990
Psidium guajava | Mamet1943a Nakaha1981a WilliaBu1987
Syzygium aqueum | WilliaWa1990
Syzygium aromaticum | Hodgso1994a Mamet1943a Matile1978 | (= Eugenia caryophyllata)
Syzygium buxifolium | KawaiMaUm1971
Syzygium cumini | Nakaha1981a Newste1914 | (= Eugenia cumini, Eugenia jambolana)
Syzygium jambos | Cocker1897k Mamet1954 MestreHaEv2011 | (= Eugenia jamrosa, Eugenia jambos)
Syzygium malaccense | MestreHoHa2015 | (= Eugenia malaccensis)

Oleaceae

Jasminum | RayWi1981
Olea europaea | WilliaWa1990 | (= Olea verrucosa)

Orchidaceae

Calanthe | WilliaWa1990
Vanilla | WilliaWa1990

Pandanaceae

Pandanus | WilliaWa1990

Phyllanthaceae

Bischofia javanica | KawaiMaUm1971

Pittosporaceae

Pittosporum | HodgsoHi1990
Pittosporum bracteolatum | WilliaWa1990

Polygonaceae

Muehlenbeckia | HodgsoHi1990

Polypodiaceae

Campyloneurum phyllitidis | MestreHoHa2015

Pontederiaceae

Eichhornia crassipes | Mamet1943a | (= Eichornia crassipes)

Primulaceae

Ardisia | NakahaMi1981
Ardisia sieboldii | KawaiMaUm1971
Wallenia laurifolia | MestreHoHa2015

Pteridaceae

Adiantum | HodgsoHi1990

Putranjivaceae

Drypetes integerrima | KawaiMaUm1971

Rubiaceae

Coffea | Green1907 Mamet1943a
Gardenia | Nakaha1981a
Gardenia jasminoides | Nakaha1981a
Gardenia taitensis | WilliaWa1990 | (=Randia tahitensis)
Morinda citrifolia | WilliaWa1990
Timonius | WilliaWa1990

Rutaceae

Citrus | Balach1927 CarvalAg1997 HodgsoHi1990
Citrus aurantiifolia | WilliaWa1990
Citrus aurantium | WilliaWa1990
Citrus limon | WilliaWa1990
Citrus paradisi | WilliaWa1990
Citrus reticulata | WilliaWa1990
Rutaceae | DanzigKo1990

Sapindaceae

Dimocarpus longan | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983 | (= Euphoria longana)
Dodonaea viscosa | WilliaWa1990
Litchi chinensis | Nakaha1981a
Nephelium | HodgsoHi1990
Nephelium ramboutan-ake | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
Sapindus | Ramakr1930

Sapotaceae

Chrysophyllum cainito | Nakaha1983
Palaquium formosanum | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983

Solanaceae

Espadaea amoena | Ballou1926
Solanum wendlandii | Mamet1943a WilliaWi1988

Theaceae

Schima mertensiana | KawaiMaUm1971

Urticaceae

Boehmeria | Nakaha1981a
Pilea urticifolia | WilliaWi1988

Verbenaceae

Lantana | Balach1939
Lantana camara | VieiraCaPi1983

Zingiberaceae

Alpinia purpurata | WilliaWa1990
Elettaria cardamomum | WilliaWa1990
Zingiber officinale | Nakaha1981a

Zygophyllaceae

Guaiacum sanctum | Cocker1897r

Foes:

Families: 4 | Genera: 10

Aphelinidae

Coccophagus ceroplastae | Kondo2022f
Coccophagus diminutus | Kondo2022f
Coccophagus lycimnia | Kondo2022f
Coccophagus pumilus | Kondo2022f

Coccinellidae

Chilocorus nigritus | Kondo2022f
Exochomus flavipes | Kondo2022f
Exochomus ventralis | Kondo2022f

Cordycipitaceae

Lecanicillium lecanii | Kondo2022f

Encyrtidae

Anicetus annulatus | Kondo2022f
Encyrtus aurantii | MifsudFsMa2012
Encyrtus swederi | Kondo2022f
Gahaniella saissetiae | Kondo2022f
Metaphycus danzigae | Kondo2022f
Metaphycus helvolus | Kondo2022f
Metaphycus stanleyi | CeballBaCh2011
Microterys nietneri | Schmut1955b | (= Microterys frontatus)
Microterys roseni | Kondo2022f
Tonkinencyrtus paradoxus | Sugony2002 Kondo2022f

Associates:

Families: 2 | Genera: 2

Formicidae

Technomyrmex detorquens | Kondo2022f

Ophiocordycipitaceae

Ophiocordyceps | DengYuWa2021

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 82

Algeria | Balach1927 Mamet1943a

Argentina

Cordoba | Granar1999

Australia | Kirkal1902 Mamet1943a

New South Wales | Frogga1915

Bermuda | HodgsoHi1990 HodgsoHi1991

Bonin Islands (=Ogasawara-Gunto) | Kawai1987

Brazil

Espirito Santo | CulikMaVe2007
Rio Grande do Sul | BenDov1993
Rio de Janeiro | CostaL1923a
Sao Paulo | BenDov1993

Bulgaria | Tsalev1968

Canary Islands | BenDov1993

Cape Verde | SchmutPiKl1978 VanHarCoWi1990

Chile | Gonzal2016

China

Xizang (=Tibet) | TangLi1988

Colombia | Kondo2001 Kondo2008a

Comoros | Mamet1960

Cook Islands | WilliaWa1990

Costa Rica | JansenAl2023

Cuba | Ballou1926 MestreHaEv2011

Denmark | CABI1982a

Dominican Republic | BenDov1993

Egypt | EzzatHu1969 Hall1925 Hodgso1994a Mamet1943a

Ethiopia | DeLott1959

Federated States of Micronesia

Caroline Islands | Mamet1943a
Pohnpei Island | BenDov1993
Truk Islands | BenDov1993

Fiji | WilliaWa1990

France | Balach1939 FoldiGe2018 Mamet1943a

French Guiana | Kondo2022f

French Polynesia

Society Islands | DoaneHa1909

Georgia (Republic of) | BenDov1993

Germany | Lindin1907b

Guadeloupe | MatileEt2006

Guatemala | Willia2010

Guiana | GermaiDeLa2016

Guyana (=British Guiana) | Mamet1943a Newste1914 Newste1917b

Haiti | PerezG2008

Hawaiian Islands

Hawaii | Kirkal1902 Kirkal1904 Mamet1943a

Honduras | JansenAl2023

Hungary | KozarKoFe2013

India | Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989

Gujarat | Ramakr1919a
Tamil Nadu | Ali1971

Indonesia | HamonWi1984

Java | Ali1971 Green1904a

Italy | BenDov1993

Jamaica | CABI1982a

Japan | Kuwana1917 Mamet1943a

Honshu | Kondo2022f

Kenya | DeLott1965a

Kiribati | WilliaWa1990

Laos |

Madagascar | Mamet1951 Mamet1954 Mamet1959a

Madeira Islands | CarvalAg1997 CarvalFrAg1996

Malaysia | Ali1971

Martinique | MatileEt2006

Mauritius | Mamet1943a

Mexico | Kondo2022f

Morocco | Mamet1943a

New Caledonia | Laing1933

Norfolk Island | WilliaWa1990

Palau | Beards1966

Papua New Guinea | WilliaWa1990

Poland | Koteja1972

Puerto Rico & Vieques Island

Puerto Rico | Martor1976 NakahaMi1981

Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014 Mamet1952

Russia

St. Petersburg (=Leningrad) Oblast | CABI1982a

Saint Croix | Beatty1944

Saint Lucia | Malump2014a

Seychelles | Green1907 Green1914d Mamet1943a

Farquhar Island | Green1907
Providence Island | BenDov1993

Solomon Islands | Frogga1915

South Africa | Mamet1943a

South Korea | BenDov1993

Spain | BenDov1993

Sri Lanka | Ali1971 Green1896 Green1904d Green1922a Green1937 Mamet1943a

Sweden | BenDov1993

Taiwan | Ali1971 Mamet1943a WongChCh1999

Tanzania | HertinSi1972

Thailand | Ali1971

Tonga | WilliaWa1990

Turkey | CebeciSe2004 KaydanUlEr2007

Tuvalu | BenDov1993

U.S. Virgin Islands | BenDov1993

Ukraine

Krym (=Crimea) Oblast | BenDov1993
Odessa Oblast | CABI1982a

United Kingdom

England | Mamet1943a Newste1900a

United States

Alabama | HamonWi1984
Arkansas | HamonWi1984
California | Cocker1895x
District of Columbia | HamonWi1984
Florida | Cocker1897k HamonWi1984
Illinois | HamonWi1984
Indiana | HamonWi1984
Kansas | HamonWi1984
Louisiana | HamonWi1984
Maryland | HamonWi1984
Massachusetts | King1899b
Michigan | HamonWi1984
Missouri | HamonWi1984
New Jersey | HamonWi1984
New York | HamonWi1984
Ohio | HamonWi1984
Pennsylvania | HamonWi1984
South Carolina | HamonWi1984
Tennessee | HamonWi1984
Texas | HamonWi1984

Vanuatu (=New Hebrides) | WilliaBu1987

Venezuela | BenDov1993

Vietnam | DanzigKo1990

Western Samoa | DoaneFe1916 | Kondo2022f

Zanzibar | Hodgso1994a Mamet1956

Keys

ChoiSoLe2018: pp.6-7 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae in Laos]
MohammMo2013: pp.146-148 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species and subspecies of family coccidae in Egypt]
Koszta1996: pp.324 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastren North America]
EzzatHu1969: pp.373 ( Adult (F) ) [Egypt]

Remarks

Systematics: Slide-mounted specimens of young, untessellated females resemble females of Coccus hesperidum, but they can be differentiated by the following combination of features (features of C. hesperidum in parentheses): (i) dorsal setae sharply spinose, curved (dorsal setae short, straight, gently pointed); and (ii) ventral tubular ducts absent (ventral tubular ducts mainly in medial zone of abdomen and thorax, usually forming a group near base of each mesothoracic coxa, a few near labium, occasionally with 1 or 2 on submargin). (Kondo, 2022f)
Structure: Adult female 2-5 mm long; oval or pyriform in outline; flat; colour red to dark brown. Fully grown female distinguished by the dorsal pattern of polygonal areas (tessellations). Colour photograph by Kawai (1980, Fig. 6.15), Carvalho & Aguiar (1997), Wong et al. (1999) and by Germain et al. (2003). Sometimes with a mid-dorsal ridge; covered with a thin layer of translucent wax. Ovisac absent. Slide-mounted adult female body pyriform, sometimes oval or slightly asymmetrical, 1.7–4.0 mm long, 0.9–3.0 mm wide. Stigmatic clefts shallow; anal cleft deep, about 1/4 of body length. Dorsal derm membranous initially, becoming heavily sclerotized and tessellated in older specimens.(Kondo, 2022f)
Biology: Males of E. tessellatus are unknown; the species reproduces by parthenogenesis and is ovoviviparous; eggs hatch within the female’s body, being born as first instar nymphs. (Kondo, 2022f)
Economic Importance: An occasional pest in greenhouses in USA, Florida (Dekle, 1973). Natural enemies listed by Borchsenius (1957).
General Remarks: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Zimmerman (1948), Ezzat & Hussein (1969), Tao et al. (1983), Hamon & Williams (1984), Gill (1988), Williams & Watson (1990), Tang (1991), Hodgson (1994a) and by Granara de Willink (1999). Good description of the adult female given by Borchsenius (1957).

Illustrations

Citations

AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 29
Ali1971: distribution, host, 31
Archan1929: distribution, host, 195
ArouaKaBe2019: distribution, host,
Balach1927: distribution, host, 185
Balach1939: distribution, host, 257
Ballou1926: catalog, distribution, host, 23
BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 254
Beards1966: distribution, host, taxonomy, 488
Beatty1944: distribution, host, 114-172
BenDov1993: catalog, 120-122
Bodenh1953a: distribution, host, 94
Borchs1937: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 85-86
Borchs1950b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 146
Borchs1957: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 306-308
Buchne1953: structure, taxonomy, 211-215
Buchne1965: structure, taxonomy, 232-233
BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 293
CamachCh2015: host, life history, 4, 7
CarvalAg1997: description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 168-170
CarvalFrAg1996: distribution, host, 614
CeballBaCh2011: biological control, distribution, 62-65
CebeciSe2004: distribution, host, 210
ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
ChoiSoLe2018: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 35
Cocker1893g: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 51-52
Cocker1893j: distribution, host, 254
Cocker1893l: taxonomy,
Cocker1894d: taxonomy, 311
Cocker1894i: biological control, description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 19
Cocker1895x: distribution, host, taxonomy, 257
Cocker1896b: distribution, 331
Cocker1897k: distribution, host, taxonomy, 90
Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 393
Cocker1902k: taxonomy, 453
Compto1924: chemical control, 222-225
CorseuBa1971: distribution, host, 238
CostaL1923a: distribution, host, 36
CulikMaVe2007: distribution, host, 1-5
Danzig1972: distribution, host, 201
DanzigKo1990: distribution, host, 44
DeLott1959: distribution, taxonomy, 153
DeLott1965a: distribution, host, 193
Dekle1973: description, distribution, economic importance, life history, taxonomy,
Dekle1999: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 90
DengYuWa2021: illustration, symbionts, 4
DietzMo1916a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 243-245
DoaneFe1916: distribution, host, 399
DoaneHa1909: distribution, host, 297
DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 113
ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 112
EzzatHu1969: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 398-399
EzzatNa1987: distribution, 86
FDACS2010: distribution, host, 3
Fernal1903b: 166-167
FoldiGe2018: distribution, 8
FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 5,22
Frogga1915: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 613
Gavril2018: reproduction, 230
GermaiDeLa2016: distribution, host, 2
GermaiMaPi2002: distribution, host, 255
GermaiMaPi2003: distribution, host, structure, 23
GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, 22
Gill1988: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 38-39
GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
GithaeOnNd2021: distribution, host, 81
GomezM1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 302-304
GomezM1958b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 70-73
Gonzal2016: distribution, 52-53
Granar1999: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 94-96
GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 625-637
Greath1971: biological control, distribution, host,
Green1896: distribution, host, 9
Green1904a: distribution, host, 206
Green1904d: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 206-208
Green1907: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 200,205
Green1914d: distribution, host, 47
Green1922a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 1024
Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 300-301
Hadzib1983: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 130
Hall1925: distribution, host, taxonomy, 11-12
HamonWi1984: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 50-53
Hempel1904: distribution, host, 316
Hodgso1994a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 244-247
HodgsoHi1990: 2,4-6,9-19
HodgsoHi1991: distribution, host, 136
JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 23
JhalaPaSh1989: distribution, host, taxonomy, 103
KakotiDeRo2022: biology, distribution, host, list, 8
Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 145
Kawai1987: distribution, host, 77
KawaiMaUm1971: distribution, host, 17
KaydanUlEr2007: catalog, distribution, host, 91
King1899b: distribution, 140
Kiritc1928: distribution, host, 114
Kirkal1902: distribution, host, 106
Kirkal1904: distribution, host, 228
Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 42
Kondo2008a: distribution, host, 25-29
Kondo2013: distribution, host, 46
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 10
Koteja1972: distribution, host, 570
Koteja1974a: taxonomy, 249
Koteja1974b: distribution, 82
KozarKoFe2013: distribution, taxonomy, 52
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 77
KozarzRe1975: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 23-24
Kuwana1907: distribution, host, taxonomy, 193
Kuwana1917: distribution, host, taxonomy, 27-28
LagowsGo2020: distribution, 67
LagowsGoHo2022: distribution, host, list, 9
Laing1927: distribution, host, 38
Laing1933: distribution, host, 676
Lawson1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 186-187
Leonar1918: distribution, host, 198
Leonar1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 323-325
Lindin1912b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 155,248
LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 123
Malump2014a: distribution, host, 72
Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 152-153
Mamet1949: catalog, distribution, 26
Mamet1951: distribution, host, 224
Mamet1952: distribution, host, 171
Mamet1954: distribution, host, 13
Mamet1956: distribution, host, 136
Mamet1959a: distribution, host, 376
Mamet1960: distribution, host, 157
Martor1976: distribution, host, 37,113,165,239
Maskel1895b: distribution, host, 59
Matile1978: distribution, host, 43
MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 165
MestreHaEv2011: distribution, host, 7
MestreHoHa2015: distribution, host, 7
MestreKo2018: distribution, 5
MetcalMe1993: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
Meurge2011: distribution, 80
MifsudFsMa2012: natural enemies, 17
MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, 133
MohammGh2008: distribution, 149
MohammMo2013: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 147, 154
Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, 391
Nakaha1983: distribution, host, 5
NakahaMi1981: distribution, host, 30
Newste1900a: distribution, host, life history, 24
Newste1914: distribution, host, 306
Newste1917b: distribution, host, 130
Ossian1959: distribution, host, 199
PanisMa1976: distribution, host, 7
PerezG2008: distribution, 212
PettitMc1920: distribution, host, taxonomy, 18
Ramakr1919a: distribution, host, 36
Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 349,350
Ramakr1930: distribution, host, 48
RayWi1981: distribution, host, taxonomy, 230-244
Rehace1960: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 46
Sander1906: catalog, 7
Sander1909: distribution, host, 435-436
Schmut1955b: biological control, distribution, host, 518
SchmutPiKl1978: distribution, economic importance, host, 328-329
ShafeeYoKh1989: distribution, host, 52
Signor1873a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 401-402
Simmon1957: catalog, distribution, host, 8
SolisATeGo1992: distribution, host, 5
Su1982: distribution, host, 61
Sugony2002: biological control, distribution, host, 723-725
Sweetm1958: biological control, economic importance, 449-458
Takaha1928: distribution, host, 343
Takaha1929: distribution, host, 56-57
Takaha1932a: distribution, host, 104
Takaha1939b: distribution, host, 262
Takaha1941b: distribution, host, 218
Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 19
Takaha1942d: distribution, host, 354
Takaha1952: distribution, host, 16
Tang1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 76-77
Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 105-106
Tao1978: distribution, host, 81
Tao1989: catalog, distribution, host, 59
Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 57
TaoWoCh1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 69-71
Terezn1981: distribution, host, taxonomy, 152
Thro1903: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 212-213
TrenchTo2014: distribution, 68
Tyrell1896: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 264-265
UlgentCa2004: distribution, host, 79-84
UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S116
VanHarCoWi1990: distribution, host, 134
Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 90
Vernal1953: distribution, host, 133
VeseyF1940: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 253-285
VeseyF1941: biological control, distribution, host, 161
VieiraCaPi1983: distribution, host, 98
Wang1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 43-44
Wang1981TC: distribution, host, 288
Watson2021: distribution, 521
Willia2001: distribution, 225-227
Willia2010: distribution, host, 144-152
Willia2015: taxonomy, 581
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 212, 215
WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 36,45
WilliaBu1987: distribution, host, 93
WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 106-109
WilliaWi1988: distribution, host, 57
WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 13,51
Yang1982: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 166-167,191
Zahrad1977: distribution, host, 118
ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 158
Zimmer1948: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 316-319