Valid Names Results
Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius, 1776) (Coccidae: Parthenolecanium)Nomenclatural History
- Chermes persicae Fabricius 1776: 304. Type data: EUROPE: on Amygdalus persicae.. Syntypes, female, accepted valid name Notes: Type material lost (Zimsen, 1964).
- Coccus persicorum Sulzer 1776: 112. Type data: GERMANY: on peach.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Fernal1903, 191). Notes: Type material probably lost (Ben-Dov, 1993).
- Coccus clematitis Goeze 1778: 344. junior synonym (discovered by WilliaBe2009, 16).
- Coccus costatus Schrank 1781: 296. Type data: AUSTRIA: on twigs of Amygdalus persicae.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Fernal1903, 191). Notes: Depository of type material unknown (Ben-Dov, 1993).
- Coccus clematidis Gmelin 1790: 2220. Type data: EUROPE: on Clematis sp.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Lindin1912, 363). Notes: Type material probably lost (Ben-Dov, 1993).
- Coccus berberidis Schrank 1801: 146. Type data: AUSTRIA: on Sauerdorns [=Berberis] sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Vienna: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; junior synonym (discovered by Lindin1912, 370).
- Coccus persicae (Fabricius, 1776); Fonscolombe 1834: 207. change of combination
- Lecanium persicae (Fabricius, 1776); Bouché 1844: 296. change of combination
- Lecanium berberidis (Schrank, 1801); Walker 1852: 1073. change of combination
- Lecanium cymbiformis Targioni Tozzetti 1868: 730. replacement name that is unjustified (discovered by BenDov1993, 231).
- Lecanium persicochilense Targioni Tozzetti 1868: 731. replacement name that is unjustified (discovered by BenDov1993, 221).
- Lecanium elongatum Signoret 1873a: 404. Type data: FRANCE: Landes, Mont-de-Marsan, on laurier-cerise [=Prunus laurocerasus].. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Vienna: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; junior synonym (discovered by BenDov1977, 91).
- Lecanium genistae Signoret 1873a: 405. Type data: FRANCE: Alpes-Maritimes, on 'genet epineux'.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Vienna: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; junior synonym (discovered by Lindin1912, 370).
- Lecanium mori Signoret 1873a: 407. Type data: FRANCE: Albertville and Savoie, on Morus alba.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Vienna: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; junior synonym (discovered by Sulc1932, 101).
- Lecanium rosarum; Signoret 1873a: 427. misidentification
- Lecanium sarothamni Douglas 1891: 65. Type data: ENGLAND: Hereford, on Sarothamnus scoparius.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Fernal1903b, 192).
- Coccus spini Heyden 1894. junior synonym (discovered by Lindin1943b, 223).
- Lecanium (Eulecanium) mori; Cockerell 1896b: 332. subsequent use
- Lecanium magnoliarum Cockerell 1897o: 5. Type data: U.S.A.: California, San Jose, Japanese Nursery, on Magnolia sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Vienna: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 441).
- Lecanium berberidis; Maskell 1897a: 311. misidentification
- Lecanium berberidis major Maskell 1898: 238. Type data: AUSTRALIA: Victoria, Melbourne, on Vitis vinifera.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by BenDovHoMi1997, 201). Notes: Type material probably lost (Deitz & Tocker, 1980).
- Lecanium magnoliarum Cockerell 1898i: 145. Type data: U.S.A.: California, San Jose, on Magnolia sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 441).
- Lecanium (Eulecanium) berberidis; Cockerell & Parrott 1899: 237. subsequent use
- Lecanium (Eulecanium) magnoliarum; Cockerell & Parrott 1899: 236. subsequent use
- Coccus mori (Signoret, 1873); Kirkaldy 1902: 106. change of combination
- Coccus elongatus (Signoret, 1873); Fernald 1903b: 168. change of combination
- Coccus genistae (Signoret, 1873); Fernald 1903b: 168. change of combination
- Eulecanium berberidis major (Maskell, 1898); Fernald 1903b: 182. change of combination
- Eulecanium magnoliarum hortensiae Cockerell 1903: 19. Type data: FRANCE: Nice, on Hortensia sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Borchs1957, 351).
- Lecanium (Eulecanium) persicae; Reh 1903: 409. subsequent use
- Eulecanium cecconi Leonardi 1908a: 178. Type data: ITALY: Vallombrosa, on Menispermum canadense.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Portici: Dipartimento de Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria di Portici, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Italy; junior synonym (discovered by Lindin1912, 211).
- Lecanium cecconi (Leonardi, 1908); Sanders 1909b: 46. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; change of combination
- Lecanium nigrofasciatum; Borg 1919: 37. misidentification
- Lecanium cymbyformis Targioni Tozzetti, 1868; Leonardi 1920: 306. misspelling of species epithet
- Lecanium persicae; Green 1928a: 23. subsequent use Notes: Author incorrectly cited as "Geoffroy".
- Lecanium (Parthenolecanium) persicae; Šulc 1932: 75. subsequent use
- Palaeolecanium costatum (Schrank, 1781); Lindinger 1935a: 136. change of combination
- Palaeolecanium persicae (Fabricius, 1776); Lindinger 1935a: 138. change of combination
- Lecanium (Eulecanium) spinosum Brittin 1940a: 420. Type data: NEW ZEALAND: Ngongotaha, on Wisteria sp., 4 January 1934. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (HodgsoHe2000,208). Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand; junior synonym (discovered by HodgsoHe2000, 207).
- Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius, 1776); Borchsenius 1957: 350. change of combination
- Lecanium persicae goidanichi Kawecki 1962: 17. Type data: ITALY: Western Alps, Cueno, on Pinus silvestris and on Viscum album.. Syntypes, female and first instar, Type depository: Warsaw: Museum of the Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; junior synonym (discovered by KosztaKo1988F, 223). Notes: Syntypes include first and second instar larva.
- Parthenolecanium thymi Danzig 1967: 152. Type data: RUSSIA: Primorye Territory, Zmeinaya Hill in Artemovka River valley, near Lesnoi Kordon, on Thymus serphyllus.. Holotype, female, Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia; junior synonym (discovered by Danzig1980b, 272).
- Lecanium berberidis; Boratynski 1970a: 66. subsequent use
- Lecanium persicae (Fabricius, 1776); Kawecki 1971: 258. Type depository: Warsaw: Museum of the Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; change in status (level)
- Parthenolecanium persicae spinosum (Brittin, 1940); Ben-Dov 1993: 224. change of combination
- P arthenolecanium persicae; Shirazi, et al. 2013: 1382. misspelling of genus name
- Partenolecnium persicae; Yousefi, et al. 2018. misspelling of genus name
- Parthelonecanium persicae; Giurca et al. 2024: 302. misspelling of genus name
Common Names
- conchuela grande cafe de la vid Gonzal1983RH
- European peach scale BenDov1993 Gill1988 HamonWi1984 WilliaKo1972
- european peach scale BenDov1993 Gill1988 HamonWi1984 WilliaKo1972
- peach scale KosztaKo1988F
- peach soft scale AbdRabEv2021
- Avrupa kosnili KondoGaWa2022
- chano-kata-kaigaramushi KondoGaWa2022
- cocciniglia del pesco KondoGaWa2022
- cochenille lécanine du pêcher KondoGaWa2022
- ferskenskjoldlus KondoGaWa2022
- persikovaya lozhnoschitovka KondoGaWa2022
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 36 | Genera: 60
- Adoxaceae
- Viburnum tinus | StathaKaDa2021
- Anacardiaceae
- Mangifera indica | NadaAbHu1990
- Araliaceae
- Fatsia japonica | TakahaTa1956
- Aspleniaceae
- Asplenium nidus | CarnerPe1986
- Berberidaceae
- Berberis aquifolium | Philli1965a | (= Mahonia aquifolium)
- Berberis canadensis | WilliaKo1972
- Berberis thunbergii | Philli1965a
- Berberis vulgaris | Kozar1980 Marott1987
- Caprifoliaceae
- Lonicera japonica | Granar1999
- Celastraceae
- Euonymus japonicus | WilliaKo1972
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros kaki | BenDovDr2012 BenDovGrMa1991 Marott1987
- Diospyros lotus | Marott1987
- Elaeagnaceae
- Elaeagnus | Kozar1980 Marott1987
- Elaeagnus pungens | WilliaKo1972
- Elaeagnus rhamnoides | BoratyWi1964
- Hippophae rhamnoides | BoratyWi1964
- Elaeocarpaceae
- Aristotelia | Britti1940
- Ericaceae
- Vaccinium | Schonf2015
- Vaccinium corymbosum | JansenAl2023
- Euphorbiaceae
- Ricinus communis | CarnerPe1986
- Fabaceae
- Acacia | Hall1935
- Acacia caffra | Hall1935
- Acacia decurrens | Hall1935
- Acacia melanoxylon | Hall1935
- Albizia | Hall1935
- Albizia julibrissin | WilliaKo1972
- Cajanus cajan | Hall1935 | (= Cajanus indicus)
- Caragana | Kozar1980
- Chamaecytisus triflorus | Kozar1983a | (= Cytisus hirsutus var. leucotrichus)
- Cytisus scoparius | Dougla1891 | (= Sarothamnus scoparius )
- Gleditsia | TerGri1954 TerGri1956
- Robinia | Green1928
- Robinia pseudoacacia | Balach1933e
- Sophora | Marott1987
- Wisteria | Britti1940 HodgsoHe2000
- Wisteria sinensis | Marott1987
- Ginkgoaceae
- Ginkgo biloba | JansenAl2023
- Grossulariaceae
- Ribes | Green1928 | (= Grossularia)
- Hydrangeaceae
- Hydrangea macrophylla | Cocker1903 Marott1987 | (= Hydrangea hortensis)
- Lamiaceae
- Thymus serphyllum | Danzig1967
- Lauraceae
- Persea americana | CarnerPe1986
- Lythraceae
- Punica granatum | BatsanKaKi2017
- Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia grandiflora | King1903b
- Magnolia kobus | ChoiLe2017
- Menispermaceae
- Menispermum canadense | Leonar1908 Marott1987
- Moraceae
- Ficus carica | GomezM1958b Marott1987
- Maclura pomifera | Lizery1922a Granar1999 | (= Maclura aurantiaca),
- Morus | Ali1971 Archan1930 TerGri1954 TerGri1956
- Morus alba | Archan1930 Bazaro1971c Danzig1972b Green1908a Hall1926a Marott1987
- Morus indica | Varshn1992
- Morus nigra | Green1908a Marott1987
- Streblus asper | Ali1971 Green1908a ShafeeYoKh1989
- Oleaceae
- Forsythia | BoratyWi1964
- Fraxinus excelsior | Marott1987
- Pittosporaceae
- Pittosporum | Britti1940
- Platanaceae
- Platanus orientalis | Potaev1993
- Poaceae
- Brachiaria brizantha | Hall1935
- Ranunculaceae
- Clematis | Kozar1980
- Clematis vitalba | Kozar1983a KozarSu1979
- Rosaceae
- Cotoneaster | Green1928
- Eriobotrya japonica | CorseuBa1971
- Malus asiatica | Suh2020
- Malus domestica | GomezM1958b | (= Malus communis
- Malus pumila | GomezM1958b
- Prunus | BenDov2012
- Prunus amygdalus | Varshn1992
- Prunus armeniaca | GomezM1958b Marott1987 | (= Armeniaca vulgaris)
- Prunus bokhariensis | Varshn1992
- Prunus domestica | Archan1930 GomezM1958b Marott1987
- Prunus laurocerasus | Marott1987 Signor1873a
- Prunus mume | ChoiLe2017
- Prunus persica | BoratyWi1964 Borg1932 GomezM1946 GomezM1958b Granar1999 Green1928 Green1928a Marott1987 | (= Amygdalus persica) (= Persica vulgaris)
- Prunus salicina | ChoiLe2017
- Pyracantha coccinea | Philli1965a
- Pyrus pyrifolia | ChoiLe2017
- Rosa | Green1928 Marott1987
- Rubus amoenus | GomezM1958b
- Spiraea hypericifolia | BatsanKaKi2017
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | CarvalFrAg1996 Granar1999 HodgsoHe2000 YasnosTaCh2005
- Citrus aurantium | GomezM1958b Marott1987
- Citrus trifoliata | ChoiLe2017
- Salicaceae
- Populus maximowiczii | Suh2020
- Sapindaceae
- Acer campestre | Gertso2016
- Acer negundo | Granar1999
- Tamaricaceae
- Tamarix | Green1925
- Theaceae
- Camellia | Minami1959 | (= Thea)
- Thymelaeaceae
- Daphne | Gill1988
- Ulmaceae
- Ulmus thomasii | WilliaKo1972
- Vitaceae
- Ampelopsis | BoratyWi1964
- Parthenocissus tricuspidata | ChoiLe2017
- Vitis vinifera | Britti1940 EzzatHu1969 Granar1999 Green1929 Hall1935 Kozar1980 Maskel1898 Melis1930 HodgsoHe2000
Foes:
Families: 5 | Genera: 15
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus lycimnia | Bolu2012
- Coccophagus semicircularis | RakimoHoMa2015
- Euryischia | RakimoHoMa2015
- Euryischomyia flavithorax | RakimoHoMa2015
- Marietta picta | DervisStMi2024
- Myiocnema comperei | RakimoHoMa2015
- Coccinellidae
- Exochomus quadripustulatus | DervisDrGr2024
- Encyrtidae
- Cheiloneurus | RakimoHoMa2015
- Metaphycus dispar | GuerriNo2000
- Metaphycus helvolus | RakimoHoMa2015
- Metaphycus insidiosus | DervisStMi2024
- Metaphycus maculipennis | RakimoHoMa2015
- Microterys tricoloricornis | YousefVaEb2018
- Prochiloneurus | RakimoHoMa2015
- Pteromalidae
- Eunotus obscurus | DervisStMi2024
- Moranila californica | RakimoHoMa2015
- Ophelosia bifasciata | RakimoHoMa2015
- Scutellista caerulea | RakimoHoMa2015
- Syrphidae
- Eupeodes corollae | BoluHa2008
Associates:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Closteroviridae
- GLRaV-3 | HerrbaAlPr2017
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 64
- Afghanistan | KozarFoZa1996
- Algeria | HamonWi1984
- Argentina
- Buenos Aires | Granar1998 Granar1999 Lizery1922a
- Tucuman | GranarCl2003
- Armenia | TerGri1954 TerGri1956 TerGri1966a
- Australia
- New South Wales | RakimoBeWh2013
- Queensland | RakimoBeWh2013
- South Australia | RakimoBeWh2013
- Tasmania | KondoGaWa2022
- Victoria | Frogga1915 RakimoBeWh2013
- Western Australia | RakimoBeWh2013
- Austria | BenDov1994
- Brazil
- Rio Grande do Sul | BenDov1993
- Bulgaria | Tsalev1965 Tsalev1968
- Canada
- Ontario | BenDov1993
- Canary Islands | BenDov1993
- Chile | Gonzal1983RH Gonzal1985 KondoGu2010
- Coquimbo | PizarrAlBa2020
- China
- Hunan | HuHeWa1992
- Shanxi (=Shansi) | Xie1998
- Corsica | HamonWi1984
- Croatia | Masten2007 Masten2007a
- Cyprus | SismanUl2010
- Czech Republic | Zahrad1977
- Denmark | BenDov1993
- Egypt | EzzatHu1969 Green1925 Hall1926a
- Ethiopia | DeLott1959
- Federated States of Micronesia | KondoGaWa2022
- France | Balach1933e Foldi2000
- Georgia (Republic of) | YasnosTaCh2005
- Germany | Schonf2015
- Greece | Kozar1985 Statha2004a
- Hawaiian Islands
- Hawaii | Kirkal1902
- Hungary | Kozar1980 KozarKiSa2004 KozarSu1979
- India | ShafeeYoKh1989
- Punjab | Green1908a
- Iran | Bodenh1944b KozarFoZa1996 Moghad2009
- Israel | BenDovDr2012 BenDovGrMa1991
- Italy | Marott1987
- Sicily | Marott1987
- Japan | Kawai1980
- Kazakhstan | BenDov1993
- Luxembourg | GertssSc2020
- Madeira Islands | FrancoRuMa2011
- Malta | Borg1932 MifsudMaRu2014
- Mauritius | Mamet1949
- Mexico | CABI1979d
- Moldova | KozarOs1987
- Morocco | HamonWi1984
- New Zealand | Green1929 HodgsoHe2000 Kirkal1902
- Pakistan | Ali1971
- Poland | LagowsGo2020
- Portugal | CarvalFrAg1996 Seabra1941
- Romania | Teodor2018 Zahrad1977
- Russia
- Caucasus | Danzig1986
- Primor'ye Kray | Danzig1986
- Sakhalin Oblast | Danzig1986
- Sardinia | Marott1987 Melis1930
- Serbia | DervisDrGr2024
- Slovenia | Janezi1954 Seljak2010
- South Korea | ESKSAE1994 HamonWi1984 KwonHaCh2005
- Spain | GomezM1946 GomezM1958b GomezM1960O
- Sri Lanka | BenDov2012
- Sweden | Gertss2001
- Switzerland | BenDov1993
- Taiwan | KondoGaWa2022
- Tajikistan (=Tadzhikistan) | Bazaro1971c BazaroBaSh1975
- Turkey | CebeciSe2004 KaydanUlEr2007
- Turkmenistan | Archan1930 Bustsh1960 Potaev1993
- Ukraine | BenDov1993
- Odessa Oblast | CABI1979d
- United Kingdom
- Channel Islands | Green1925b
- England | Green1925 Green1928 Green1928a Newste1900a
- United States
- Alabama | HamonWi1984
- California | BenDov1993
- District of Columbia | Koszta1996
- Florida | HamonWi1984
- Georgia | King1903b
- Idaho | HamonWi1984
- Indiana | Koszta1996
- Maryland | Koszta1996
- Massachusetts | Koszta1996
- Mississippi | HamonWi1984
- Missouri | HamonWi1984
- New Jersey | Koszta1996
- New Mexico | HamonWi1984
- New York | Koszta1996
- North Carolina | HamonWi1984
- Ohio | Koszta1996
- Oregon | HamonWi1984
- Pennsylvania | Koszta1996
- Rhode Island | King1903b Koszta1996
- South Carolina | HamonWi1984
- Tennessee | BenDov1993
- Texas | HamonWi1984
- Utah | HamonWi1984
- Virginia | Koszta1996
- Uruguay | KondoGaWa2022
- Venezuela | KondoGaWa2022
- Yugoslavia | Kozar1983a
- Zimbabwe | Hall1935
Keys
- Hodgso2020: pp.221-223 ( Adult (M) ) [Coccidae species]
- ChoiLe2017: pp.102 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Parthenolecanium in Korea]
- MohammMo2013: pp.146-148 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species and subspecies of family coccidae in Egypt]
- HodgsoHe2000: pp.195 ( Adult (F) ) [New Zealand]
- Granar1998: pp.151 ( Adult (F) ) [Argentina]
- Koszta1996: pp.324 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastren North America]
- Koszta1996: pp.358 ( Adult (F) ) [Northern North America]
- Tang1991: pp.189 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
- Gill1988: pp.60 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, California]
- HamonWi1984: pp.71 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Florida]
- Kawai1980: pp.160-162 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
- WilliaKo1972: pp.69 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Virginia]
- EzzatHu1969: pp.372 ( Adult (F) ) [Egypt]
- Borchs1957: pp.349 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic region]
Remarks
- Systematics: Subfamily: Coccinae, Saissetini (Choi & Lee, 2019) Froggatt (1915: 611) credited the authorship of this species to Geoffroy (1762), however Opinion 228 (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1954) ruled that names published by Geoffroy (1762) are not available for nomenclatorial purposes. Boratynski (1970a) recorded material of Lecanium genistae from the Signoret Collection in the Vienna Museum of Natural History, which represent the material referred to By Signoret (1874a: 403-404). The molecular data extracted from Coccidae on grape in Australia revealed that Part. persicae was most closely related to Part. pruinosum, followed by Para. nigra and Co. longulus. (Ramikov, et al., 2013
- Structure: See colour photograph in Kawai (1980, Fig. 6,48), Gill (1988), Ben-Dov et al. (1991), Gonzalez (1983,1985). Diagnosis. Dermal areolations present; dorsal tubercles present; pocket-like sclerotisations present or absent; dorsal setae of 2 sizes present; dorsal tubular ducts absent; marginal setae with pointed apices; multilocular disc-pores with 10 loculi; ventral tubular duct of 3 types present; legs each with a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; antenna 8 segmented. Living appearance. Body elongate oval, moderately or strongly convex. Young adult females dark yellow or brown in color, usually with a black transversal band anteriorly between each anterior and posterior spiracles, and other black spots irregularly present on entire dorsum. Older adult females dark brown in color, becoming strongly convex and sclerotised, usually with a longitudinal dorsal ridge medially. Eggs usually yellowish, stored under concave venter. (Choi & Lee, 2017)
- Biology: On grapevines in New Zealand, Part. persicae is univoltine: females lay eggs in late November, these hatch in December and third instars overwinter on the older parts of the host (Brittin 1940). Part. persicae displays a similar life cycle in Chile (Gonzalez 1983). Although Part. persicae appears to be largely parthenogenic, two males were collected from vineyards in Australia. (Rakimov, et al., 2013)
- Economic Importance: Introduced into Western Australia about 1901, where it became a serious pest of grapevine and plum (Bartlett, 1978). Natural enemies listed by Borchsenius (1957). Fortusini et al. (1999) found in Italy that Neopulvinaria innumerabilis, Parthenolecanium corni, P. persicae and Pulvinaria vitis were present in vineyards were natural spread of Grapevine Leafroll Disease was recorded.
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Ezzat & Hussein (1969), Boratynski (1970a), Williams & Kosztarab (1972), Danzig (1980b), Hamon & Williams (1984), Gill (1988), Kosztarab & Kozar (1988), Tang (1991), Kosztarab (1966), Granara de Willink (1999) and by Hodgson & Henderson (2000). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph and female third instar nymph by Boratynski (1970a).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 30
- AfonsoFaBo2006: distribution, host, life history, 461-464
- AfonsoTeBo2004: chemical control, distribution, host, 985-989
- Ali1971: distribution, host, 41
- AnagnoPaKa2008: distribution, host, 55-78
- Archan1930: distribution, host, 79
- Badr2014: distribution, host, 51
- Balach1927: distribution, host, 185
- Balach1932d: taxonomy, 117
- Balach1933e: distribution, host, 5
- Bartle1978: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 63
- BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 255
- Bazaro1971c: distribution, host, 90
- BazaroBaSh1975: biological control, distribution, host, 94-99
- BenDov1993: catalog, 123,221-224
- BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 26, 44
- BenDovDr2012: distribution, economic importance, host, 44-45
- BenDovGrMa1991: distribution, host, taxonomy, 347-348
- BenDovHoMi1997: taxonomy, 201
- Bodenh1944b: distribution, host, 88
- Bodenh1953a: distribution, host, life history, 97
- Bolu2012: biological control, 110
- BoluHa2008: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 79-84
- Boraty1970a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 63-76
- BoratyWi1964: distribution, host, 105
- Borchs1950b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 148
- Borchs1957: biological control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 350-356
- Borg1932: distribution, host, 15
- Bouron1987: control, distribution, economic importance, host, 34
- Brimbl1962: distribution, economic importance, host, 226
- Britti1940: taxonomy, 410-412
- Britti1940a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 420
- Bustsh1960: distribution, host, 170
- Calkin1983: distribution, economic importance, 321
- CamachCh2015: distribution, host, 8, 13
- CamposSa1983: distribution, economic importance, host, 9
- CarvalFrAg1996: distribution, host, 614
- CebeciSe2004: distribution, host, 211
- CharleCoMu2005: distribution, host, 1-4
- ChoiLe2017: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, 105
- ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax, 402, 404
- Cocker1896b: distribution, 331-332
- Cocker1897o: distribution, host, taxonomy, 5
- Cocker1897p: distribution, host, 591
- Cocker1898i: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 145-146
- Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 394
- Cocker1901c: taxonomy, 92
- CockerPa1899: taxonomy, 236
- CorseuBa1971: distribution, host, 238
- Danzig1967: distribution, host, 152
- Danzig1972: distribution, host, 204
- Danzig1972c: distribution, host, 582
- Danzig1980b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 272-274
- DeLott1959: distribution, taxonomy, 151, 152
- DeitzTo1980: taxonomy, 29
- DervisDrGr2024: biological control, natural enemies, 254, 256
- DervisStMi2024: natural enemies, 19,20,21,22,23
- DeveliMuKa2018: distribution, host, taxonomy, 8
- Dougla1891: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 65
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 114
- DumasVa1950: chemical control, 235-245
- ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 112
- Egger1990: biological control, 27-28
- EmpresAsTe2003: chemical control, distribution, host, 1-67
- EzzatHu1969: description, distribution, ecology, host, illustration, taxonomy, 408-410
- EzzatNa1987: distribution, 86
- FavretOuWi2014: taxonomy, 74
- Fernal1903b: catalog, l68,182,190-193
- FlaherWi1999: biological control, 853-869
- Foldi2000: distribution, host, 82
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 8
- FoldiSo1989: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 423
- FortusScPr1999: distribution, economic importance, host, 121-122
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 6,22
- Frogga1915: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 604,611-612
- Georgh1977: distribution, host, 148
- Gertso2016: distribution, host, 152
- Gertss2001: distribution, 123-130
- GertssSc2020: distribution, 133
- Gill1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 60,63,68
- GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
- GiurcaToMu2024: economic importance, 302
- Gmelin1790: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 2220
- GomesC1949: distribution, host, taxonomy,
- GomezM1937: biological control, description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 268-270
- GomezM1946: distribution, host, 88
- GomezM1958b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 77-80
- GomezM1960O: distribution, host, 182
- Gonzal1983RH: chemical control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 51-55
- Gonzal1985: control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 9-14
- Gonzal1989: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 89-91
- Gonzal2016: biology, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 193, 212-216
- GonzalCuBa1992: distribution, economic importance, host, 47
- Granar1998: distribution, host, taxonomy, 151
- Granar1999: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 122-123
- GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 625-637
- Green1908a: distribution, host, 31
- Green1925: distribution, host, 43
- Green1925b: distribution, host, 518
- Green1928: distribution, host, illustration, 4
- Green1928a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 23
- Green1929: distribution, host, taxonomy, 376
- Hadzib1983: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 140-142
- Hall1926a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 18-19
- Hall1935: distribution, host, taxonomy, 74
- HamonWi1984: description, distribution, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 75-77
- Hellri2004: distribution, host, 86
- HerrbaAlPr2017: Grapevine leafroll disease transmission, 489
- Hickel2004: distribution, host, life history, 84-87
- Hodgso2020: illustration, key, 222, 224
- HodgsoHe2000: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 199,202,207-208
- Hoffma2002: biological control, distribution, ecology, host, life history, 1-164
- Hoffma2006: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 199-205
- HoffmaSc1999: distribution, economic importance, host, 52-54
- HuHeWa1992: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 187
- ICZN1954: taxonomy, 211-220
- Janezi1954: distribution, host, 126
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 32
- Kawai1972: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 13
- Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 162-163
- Kaweck1962: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 15-24
- Kaweck1971: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 258-259
- KaydanUlEr2007: catalog, distribution, host, 92
- King1903b: distribution, host, 192-193
- Kiritc1928: distribution, host, 113
- Kiritc1932a: taxonomy, 256
- Kiritc1935: distribution, host, 2
- Kiritc1936: distribution, host, 72
- Kirkal1902: distribution, taxonomy, 106
- KondoGaWa2022: control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 293-294
- KondoGu2010: distribution, 13
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 11
- Koszta1996: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 358,363-365
- KosztaKo1978: distribution, host, taxonomy, 114
- KosztaKo1988F: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 223-225
- Kozar1975: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 1-24
- Kozar1976a: distribution, economic importance, host, 35-47
- Kozar1980: distribution, host, 68
- Kozar1983a: distribution, host, 146
- Kozar1985: distribution, 203
- Kozar1987: distribution, 100
- Kozar1989: distribution, host, 176-177
- Kozar1995: distribution, economic importance, host, 317
- KozarFoZa1996: distribution, host, 65
- KozarKiSa2004: distribution, 59
- KozarKoFe2013: distribution, taxonomy, 53
- KozarOs1987: distribution, host, 93
- KozarSu1979: distribution, host, 235
- KozarSzFe2013: distribution, list of species, 95, 111, 129, 147, 166
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 78
- Kozarz1992: description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 77-78
- KozarzRe1975: distribution, host, 20
- KuntzmGe2013: distribution, host, illustration,
- KwonHaCh2005: distribution, host, illustration, 53-60
- Lagows2005: distribution, host, taxonomy, 5-10
- LagowsGo2020: distribution, 68
- LambdiWa1980: distribution, host, 79
- LeMaguFuCh2013: economic importance, host, 416
- Leonar1908a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 178-179
- Leonar1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 306-310
- Lindin1912b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 83,91,137,183
- Lindin1935: taxonomy, 136,138
- Lizery1922a: distribution, host, 100
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 123
- Lozzia1985: distribution, host, 122-124
- MalumpBa2012: distribution, economic importance, host, 22,38,39,41
- Mamet1943a: distribution, 151
- Mamet1949: catalog, distribution, host, 23-24
- Marcha1908: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 285-295
- Marott1987: distribution, host, life history, 107
- Martin1984MP: distribution, host, 73-74
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, 36
- Maskel1897: distribution, host, taxonomy, 311
- Maskel1898: taxonomy, 237-238
- Masten2007: distribution, host, taxonomy, 1-242
- Masten2007a: distribution, host, life history, 33-38
- Masten2009: distribution, economic importance, host, 357-368
- MastenSiKo2007: distribution, host, life history, 326-329
- Melis1930: distribution, host, 17
- MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, host, 504-505
- Minami1959: distribution, host, 37-41
- Moghad2009: distribution, host, 9-10
- Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 11
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 150
- MohammMo2013: illustration, physiology, 147, 153
- NadaAbHu1990: distribution, host, 133-134
- Nakaha1981: taxonomy, 284
- Neves1936: distribution, host, 204-205
- Newste1900a: distribution, host, life history, 21-22
- Paik1978: description, distribution, host, taxonomy,
- Pelliz2011: distribution, 311
- PellizChMi2015: distribution, 60,67
- Philli1965: distribution, host, taxonomy, 237
- PizarrAlBa2020: distribution, host, 27
- Potaev1993: distribution, host, 35,38
- RakimoBeWh2013: description, distribution, economic importance, host, molecular data, 371-378
- RakimoHoMa2015: distribution, host, natural enemies,
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 350
- Reh1903: distribution, host, taxonomy, 409-410
- Russo1956: distribution, host, 181-190
- RzaevaYa1985: biological control, 55-58
- SalazaSo1990: distribution, host, 137
- Sander1909: catalog, 441
- SchmutHo2016: distribution, host, 42
- Seabra1941: distribution, 8
- Seljak2010: distribution, host, 105
- ShafeeYoKh1989: distribution, host, 53
- Shinji1935b: distribution, host, 769
- ShirazVaMi2013: distribution, host, 1382
- Signor1869: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 844,850,864
- Signor1873a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 403-409
- SismanUl2010: distribution, host, 219-224
- Soroki1973: biological control, 599-609
- Statha2004a: distribution, host, 57-59
- StathaElBo2003: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 253-257
- StathaKaDa2021: biology, distribution, natural enemies, 56
- Suh2020: distribution, host, 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, 19, 22
- Sulc1932: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 75-78
- SwirskWyIz2002: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 91-92
- Takaha1928: distribution, host, 342
- Takaha1929: distribution, host, 52-53
- Takaha1932a: distribution, host, 104-105
- Takaha1936c: distribution, host, 116
- Takaha1939b: distribution, host, 262
- Takaha1940a: distribution, host, 331
- Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 17
- Takaha1942d: distribution, host, 353
- Takaha1955f: distribution, host, 239
- Tang1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 80-81
- Tang1984b: distribution, host, 126
- Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 194-196
- Tao1978: distribution, host, 80
- Teodor2018: distribution, history, 40
- TerGri1954: distribution, host, 64
- TerGri1956: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 39
- TerGri1966a: distribution, host, 373
- Terezn1963: distribution, host, 186
- Terezn1966: distribution, host, 30
- Terezn1981: distribution, host, taxonomy, 175-178
- Trembl1988a: description, host, illustration, taxonomy, 243-244
- TrenchTo2014: distribution, 68
- Tsalev1965: biological control, distribution, host, 25
- Tschor1939: distribution, host, 89
- UlgentCa2004: distribution, host, 79-84
- UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S117
- UlgentTo2001: distribution, host, 213-217
- Valent1967: biological control, 1100
- Varshn1985a: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 27
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 96
- Varshn2005: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 155-156
- VieiraCaPi1983: distribution, host, 101-102
- Walker1852: distribution, host, taxonomy, 1073,1084
- Wang1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 49
- WatsonLaLa1994: distribution, host, 227
- Willia2015: taxonomy, 579, 580
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 209, 211, 212
- WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 16,21,24,32,36,44
- WilliaKo1972: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 91-97
- Wise1977: distribution, host, 104-105
- Xie1998: distribution, host, taxonomy, 63-64
- Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 169,191
- YasnosTaCh2005: biological control, distribution, host, 229-302
- YousefVaEb2018: natural enemies,
- Zahrad1977: distribution, host, taxonomy, 118
