Stathas, G.J., Eliopoulos, P.A., Bouras, S.L., Economou, L.P., & Kontodimas, D.C. 2003 The scale Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius) on grapes in Greece.. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin 26(8): 253-257.

Notes: [Proceedings of the IOBC/WPRS Working Group: Integrated Protection and Production in Viticulture held in Volos, Greece, 18-22 March, 2003, C. Lozzia (Ed.)] The phenology of the scale insect P. persicae was studied in vineyards in southern Greece during 2001-2002. The experimental procedure consisted of sampling from infested vines, field assessments and examination of yellow sticky traps. P. persicae was found to be univoltine in Greece. It overwintered as a second-instar nymph. Adults emerged in April, while oviposition was observed from early May until late June. Crawlers hatched in May, and during the rest of the summer period, the scale was present as first- and second-instar nymphs. From late September until the following spring, the whole population of P. persicae consisted of second-instar nymphs. Two Metaphycus species parasitized the scale insect, and the parasitism level was up to 52%. The predator Chilocorus bipustulatus was recorded as a natural enemy of the scale insect.