Watson, J.K., Lambdin, P.L., & Langdon, K. 1994 Diversity of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87(2): 225-230.

Notes: Abstract: Fifty-three species from the families Asterolecaniidae, Cerococcidae, Coccidae, Diaspididae, Margarodidae, and Pseudococcidae were collected from 56 host plants in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park; distribution of coccoids was shown to be correlated to host availability and host distribution along an elevational gradient; certain coccoid taxa were oligophagous and restricted to the elevational range of their host, but most species were polyphagous and were collected at several elevational gradients; the number of species and family taxa declined as elevation increased; also, the heaviest infestations occurred in disturbed areas; the Shannon-Weaver diversity values for species collected ranged from 0.017 (rare) to 0.216 (abundant); two species were classified as abundant, four very common, six common, and the remaining 41 species uncommon to rare; the most common species collected was the European fruit lecanium, Parthenolecanium corni.