Valid Names Results
Ceroplastes japonicus Green, 1921 (Coccidae: Ceroplastes)Nomenclatural History
- Ceroplastes floridensis japonicus Green 1921a: 258. Type data: ENGLAND: Herts, St. Albans, on smaller branches of Japanese Maple (imported from Japan).. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name
- Ceroplastes japonicus Green, 1921; Borchsenius 1949c: 181. change in status (level)
- Cerostegia japonica (Green, 1921); De Lotto 1969b: 213. change of combination
- Ceroplastes rusci; Pellizzari Scaltriti & Antonucci 1982: 47. misidentification
- Paracerostegia japonica (Green, 1921); Tang 1991: 308. change of combination
- Ceroplastes japonicus Green, 1921; Ben-Dov 1993: 40. change of combination
- Ceroplastes japonica Borchsenius, 1949; Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu 2019: 485. emendation that is unjustified
Common Names
- Japanese wax scale PerontKo2022
- ceroplaste del Giappone PerontKo2022
- Céroplaste japonais PerontKo2022
- escama de cera de Japón PerontKo2022
- kamenoko-ro-mushi PerontKo2022
- японская восковая ложнощитовка PerontKo2022
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 37 | Genera: 55
- Adoxaceae
- Viburnum odoratissimum | Suh2020
- Viburnum tinus | PencheYo2016
- Anacardiaceae
- Pistacia terebinthus | UlgentDo2019
- Apocynaceae
- Nerium oleander | Borchs1957
- Trachelospermum asiaticum | TakahaTa1956
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex aquifolium | JancarSeZe1999
- Ilex cornuta | Suh2020
- Ilex integra | TakahaTa1956
- Araliaceae
- Hedera helix | Longo1985
- Asparagaceae
- Yucca gloriosa | Suh2020
- Berberidaceae
- Berberis | Borchs1957
- Berberis aquifolium | JancarSeZe1999 | (= Mahonia aquifolium)
- Epimedium pinnatum | Borchs1957 | (= Epimedium colchicum)
- Boraginaceae
- Ehretia acuminata | TakahaTa1956
- Buxaceae
- Buxus microphylla | Suh2020 | var. koreana
- Buxus sempervirens | Borchs1957 JancarSeZe1999
- Celastraceae
- Euonymus japonicus | Borchs1957 JancarSeZe1999
- Cornaceae
- Cornaceae | Borchs1957
- Cornus mas | Borchs1957
- Cycadaceae
- Cycas revoluta | TakahaTa1956
- Dicksoniaceae
- Dicksonia fibrosa | JansenAl2023
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros kaki | Borchs1957 JancarSeZe1999 LazareNaKr2017
- Elaeagnaceae
- Elaeagnus pungens | TakahaTa1956
- Elaeagnus umbellata | Suh2020
- Elaeocarpaceae
- Elaeocarpus decipiens | TakahaTa1956
- Fagaceae
- Quercus acutissima | Suh2020
- Ginkgoaceae
- Ginkgo biloba | Suh2020
- Hydrangeaceae
- Hydrangea macrophylla | JancarSeZe1999 | (= Hydrangea hortensia)
- Lauraceae
- Laurus nobilis | Borchs1957 JancarSeZe1999 SutterDeAn2021
- Machilus thunbergii | TakahaTa1956
- Lythraceae
- Punica granatum | JancarSeZe1999
- Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia grandiflora | Borchs1957
- Magnolia kobus | Suh2020
- Moraceae
- Ficus carica | JancarSeZe1999
- Morus | Borchs1957 JancarSeZe1999
- Morus alba | UlgentDo2019
- Myrtaceae
- Acca sellowiana | Borchs1957
- Feijoa sellowiana | Borchs1957
- Myrtus communis | Borchs1957
- Oleaceae
- Forsythia koreana | Suh2020
- Osmanthus fragrans | BatsanKaKi2017
- Osmanthus heterophyllus | Suh2020
- Pentaphylacaceae
- Eurya japonica | Borchs1957
- Pittosporaceae
- Pittosporum tobira | Borchs1957
- Platanaceae
- Platanus orientalis | Suh2020
- Podocarpaceae
- Nageia nagi | TakahaTa1956 | (= Podocarpus nagi)
- Rhamnaceae
- Ziziphus | Borchs1960b
- Ziziphus jujuba | WuWa2019
- Rosaceae
- Chaenomeles japonica | JancarSeZe1999
- Crataegus | Borchs1957
- Crataegus monogyna | JansenAl2023
- Cydonia oblonga | Borchs1957 | (= Cydonia vulgaris)
- Eriobotrya japonica | Borchs1957 JancarSeZe1999
- Malus asiatica | Suh2020
- Malus domestica | Borchs1957 JancarSeZe1999
- Malus floribunda | UlgentErYa2022
- Prunus armeniaca | JancarSeZe1999
- Prunus avium | Borchs1957 JancarSeZe1999 | (= Cerasus avium)
- Prunus cerasus | Borchs1957 | (= Cerasus vulgaris)
- Prunus laurocerasus | Borchs1957
- Prunus mume | Borchs1960b
- Prunus persica | Borchs1957 JancarSeZe1999
- Prunus serrulata | Suh2020
- Prunus verecunda | Suh2020
- Prunus yedoensis | TakahaTa1956
- Pseudocydonia sinensis | BatsanKaKi2017 Borchs1957 | (= Chaenomeles sinensis)
- Pyracantha coccinea | PencheYo2016
- Pyrus communis | JancarSeZe1999
- Pyrus pyrifolia | Borchs1957 Suh2020 | (= Pyrus sinensis)
- Rhaphiolepis indica | Suh2020
- Rubiaceae
- Gardenia jasminoides | WuWa2019
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | Borchs1957
- Citrus junos | Suh2020
- Citrus limon | JancarSeZe1999
- Citrus reticulata | JancarSeZe1999
- Citrus trifoliata | Borchs1957 JancarSeZe1999 KozarTrPe1984 Suh2020 | (= Poncirus trifoliata, Aegle sepiaria)
- Salicaceae
- Salix | TakahaTa1956
- Salix alba | BatsanKaKi2017
- Salix chaenomeloides | TakahaTa1956 | (= Salix glandulosa)
- Salix sieboldiana | TakahaTa1956 | (= Salix saidaeana)
- Sapindaceae
- Acer japonicum | DeLott1969b Green1921a | (= Acer japonicus)
- Acer negundo | UlgentDo2019
- Acer palmatum | Suh2020
- Acer pseudoplatanus | KozarTrPe1984
- Aesculus hippocastanum | UlgentDo2019
- Theaceae
- Camellia japonica | Borchs1957
- Camellia sinensis | Borchs1957 | (= Thea sinensis)
- Ulmaceae
- Ulmus | UlgentDo2019
Foes:
Families: 8 | Genera: 11
- Chrysopidae
- Mallada desjardinsi | MiyanoKa1992 PerontKo2022 | (= Mallada boninensis),
- Coccinellidae
- Chilocorus bipustulatus | Kobakh1965
- Chilocorus kuwanae | PerontKo2022
- Chilocorus renipustulatus | Kobakh1965
- Thalassa montezumae | GiovanMaSa2024
- Cordycipitaceae
- Lecanicillium lecanii | LiuXiXu2009
- Cornaceae
- Cornaceae | Borchs1957
- Encyrtidae
- Anicetus beneficus | Tachik1958
- Anicetus ceroplastis | Tachik1958
- Anicetus ohgushii | LiuLiXu1983 Tachik1958
- Anicetus rarisetus | XuHe1997
- Anicetus zhejiangensis | XuLi1991
- Metaphycus claviger | TavareSaDa2019
- Microterys anyangensis | XuCh2000
- Microterys clauseni | JaposhYaRz2005 Yasnos1995
- Eulophidae
- Tetrastichus murakamii | Sugony1983a
- Nectriaceae
- Fusarium | ZengWaCh1990
- Pteromalidae
- Scutellista caerulea | Basova1983 JaposhYaRz2005
Associates:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Ophiocordycipitaceae
- Ophiocordyceps | DengYuWa2021
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 22
- Armenia | Beglar2003
- Azerbaijan | PerontKo2022
- Bulgaria | TrenchTrTo2010
- China | Tang1991
- Beijing (=Peking) | WuWa2019
- Guangxi (=Kwangsi) | LiuXuFa2019
- Guizhou (=Kweichow) | WuWa2019
- Hebei (=Hopei) | PerontKo2022
- Henan (=Honan) | WuWa2019 ZhouShYa2003
- Hubei (=Hupei) | WuWa2019
- Hunan | HuHeWa1992 WuWa2019
- Jiangsu (=Kiangsu) | WuWa2019
- Shaanxi (=Shensi) | WuWa2019
- Shandong (=Shantung) | WuWa2019
- Shanghai | WuWa2019
- Shanxi (=Shansi) | WuWa2019 Xie1998
- Sichuan (=Szechwan) | WuWa2019
- Zhejiang (=Chekiang) | WuWa2019
- Croatia | Masten&2008a MastenSeSi2007
- France | Foldi2000
- Georgia (Republic of) | KozarYaKo1982 Yasnos1995 YasnosTaCh2005
- Germany | Schonf2015
- Greece | PapadoKaMa2020
- Hungary | FetykoKo2012
- Italy | KozarTrPe1984 MazzeoLoPe2014
- Japan | DeLott1969b
- Honshu | PerontKo2022
- Kyushu | PerontKo2022
- Shikoku | PerontKo2022
- Macedonia | LazareNaKr2017
- Nepal | PerontKo2022
- Netherlands | FetykoKo2012
- Russia
- Caucasus | KozarTrPe1984
- Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) | PerontKo2022
- Slovenia | JancarSeZe1999 Seljak2008 Seljak2010
- South Korea | ESKSAE1994 KwonHa2003
- Switzerland | SutterDeAn2021
- Turkey | FetykoKo2012
- United Kingdom
- England | DeLott1969b Green1921a
Keys
- PapadoKaMa2020: pp.3 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes in Greece]
- WuWa2019: pp.521 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes in China]
- FetykoKo2012: pp.293 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Ceroplastes in the Palaearctic Region based on slide-mounted adult females]
- LeeWuSu2012: pp.159-160 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the wax tests of adult females Ceroplastes in Korea]
- LeeWuSu2012: pp.160 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to slide mounted adult females Ceroplastes in Korea]
- MoriPeTo2001: pp.42 ( Adult (F) ) [Italy]
- PellizCa1994: pp.177 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes species of Mediterranean]
- Tang1991: pp.304 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
- Kawai1980: pp.166 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
- Borchs1957: pp.451 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic region]
Remarks
- Systematics: Subfamily: Ceroplasinae (Choi & Lee, 2019) Deng, et al. (2012) determined DNA COI barcoding sequences for six Chinese Ceroplastes species. Ceroplastes japonicus generated a distinct COI sequence. GenBank Accessions JQ795609-JQ795722. 28S DNA sequences: GenBank Accessions JQ795495-JQ795608. When C. japonicus is crushed, cherry-like sweet, hop, woody, green, and sour scent is emitted. (Sakurai, et al., 2020) The test of C. japonicus is greyish to pinkish white, similar to that of C. floridensis; both species lack well-defined wax plates and visible lateral nuclei. In young females the wet wax is nearly flat, whereas older specimens are hemispherical in lateral view, old females have large marginal flanges and the wax plate nuclei are located slightly off-centre, particularly the dorsal nucleus. These species are frequently confused and can only be separated reliably in microscope slide mounts. Slide-mounted adult female body roundly oval and convex, 1.0–3.5 mm long; dorsal cuticle membranous except for heavily sclerotized caudal process. Caudal process about 300–550 μm long. Derm with 7 clear areas, medio-dorsal area absent; each without simple pores or setae, except cephalic area. (Peronti & Kondo, 2022)
- Structure: Colour photograph by Kawai (1980, Figs. 6.56, a,b,c), Tranfaglia & Viggiani (1988) and by Camporose & Pellizzari (1998). Detailed discussion and SEM photos of the alimentary canal in Xie, et al., 2011. Mounted female oval in shape, 6 segmented antennae, legs well developed. Stigmatic setae lanceolate with pointed apex, placed in two rows, each row with 3–4 enlarged setae extending onto dorsum; others in marginal row. (Papadopoulou, et al., 2020)
- Biology: Ohgushi & Nishino (1975) studied the life tables in Japan. This species develops one annual generation in Northern Italy; overwintering as adult female (Longo, 1985).
- Economic Importance: A pest of Actinidia chinensis in Italy (Pellizzari & Antonucci, 1982), of ornamentals (laurel, ivy, holly) and of persimon in Italy (Pellizzari & Camporose, 1994; Camporose & Pellizzari, 1998).
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by De Lotto (1969b), Tang (1991) and by Pellizzari & Camporose (1994). Description and illustration of adult female and nymphal instars by Camporose & Pellizzari (1994). Description of adult female, adult male and first-instar nymph by Borchsenius (1957). Description and illustration of adult male, 2nd-instar male, male test, prepupa and pupa by Rainato & Pellizzari (2008).
Illustrations
Citations
- Basova1983: biological control, distribution, host, 30-31
- BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 253
- Beglar2003: distribution, host, 1-30
- BenDov1993: catalog, 40-41
- Borchs1950b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 155
- Borchs1957: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 461-468
- Borchs1960b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 214-218
- CABI2003a: distribution, host, 1-2
- CamachCh2015: host, 6, 11
- CamporPe1994: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 49-58
- CamporPe1998: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 42-50
- CaveRe1996: distribution, economic importance, host, 5, 14, 15, 16, 20
- ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
- Danzig1972: distribution, host, 199
- DeLott1969b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 213-215
- DengLuHu2019: DNA, phylogeny,
- DengYuWa2021: DNA, illustration, symbionts,
- DengYuZh2012: distribution, molecular data, taxonomy, 791-796
- ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 111
- FetykoKo2012: distribution, taxonomy, 291-295
- Foldi2000: distribution, host, 81
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 8
- GalchiYaNo2024: control, 2
- Green1921a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 258-259
- Hadzib1983: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 154-156
- HeHaWu2018: economic importance, 60
- HouWeZh2023: phylogeny, 343, 344, 346
- HuHeWa1992: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 183-184
- Hui1988: biological control, 395-398
- JancarSeZe1999: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 443-449
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 23,32
- JaposhYaRz2005: biological control, distribution, host, 271-277
- KakotiDeRo2022: biology, distribution, host, list, 7
- Katsoy1996: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 15,20-21,81-83
- Kawai1972: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 11
- Kawai1980: distribution, host, taxonomy, 166-167
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 9
- Kozar1987: distribution, 100
- Kozar1989: distribution, economic importance, host, 176-177
- Kozar1995: distribution, economic importance, host, 317
- KozarKoFe2013: distribution, taxonomy, 52
- KozarTrPe1984: distribution, host, 6
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, host, 76
- KozarYaKo1982: biological control, distribution, host, 333-338
- KwonHa2003: distribution, host, 279-288
- KwonHaCh2005: distribution, host, 52-60
- LazareNaKr2017: distribution, host,
- LeeWuSu2012: distribution, host, 158
- Leonid2005: distribution, host, 500-551
- LiangGaZh2006: distribution, ecology, host, 472-476
- LiuChCh2020: DNA sequencing, phylogenetics,
- LiuLiXu1983: biological control, 135-136
- LiuXiXu2009: anatomy, biological control, life history, 96-105
- LiuXuFa2019: distribution, host,
- Longo1985: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 185-132
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, host, 122
- LuHuDe2020: genetic structure, 855
- LuHuDe2023: DNA, phylogenetics,
- MaChZh1995: distribution, host, 117-119
- Masten&2008a: distribution, host, 11-15
- MastenSeSi2007: distribution, economic importance, host, 330-334
- MazzeoLoPe2014: distribution, economic importance, 56
- MilekNoSi2018: distribution, host, 31-37
- MillerRuPa2014: 65
- MiyanoKa1992: biological control, life history, 196-199
- MoriPeTo2001: taxonomy, 42
- OberemLaGa2024: DNA, control,
- Ohgush1986a: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 59-62
- Ohgush1986b: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 147-149
- Ohgush1987a: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 82-85
- Ohgush1988: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 75-77
- OhgushNi1975: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 1-21
- Paik1978: distribution, host, taxonomy,
- PapadoKaMa2020: DNA, distribution, host, illustration, key,
- Pelliz1987: distribution, host, 120-121
- PellizAn1982: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 47-48
- PellizCa1994: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 185-188
- PencheYo2016: distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, list of species, 19, 24, 25
- PerontKo2022: biology, diagnosis, distribution, host, natural enemies, taxonomy, 240-241
- ProkopMo1981: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 43
- RainatPe2008: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 25-38
- SakuraToYa2020: chemistry,
- SeinisDeMe1989: chemical control, distribution, 115-118
- Seljak2008: distribution, host, 121-127
- Seljak2010: distribution, host, 104
- ShiXiXu2005: chemistry, molecular data, 207-211
- SobiroQaTu2024: phylogeny, 199
- Sugony1983a: biological control, distribution, host, 1907-1909
- Suh2019b: natural enemies, 3, 4
- Suh2020: distribution, host, illustration, 2, 4, 18, 22, 25
- Suh2023: distribution, host, 4
- SuhSo2017: host, list of species, 2
- SutterDeAn2021: distribution, host,
- Tachik1958: biological control, distribution, host, 77-82
- TakahaTa1956: distribution, host, taxonomy, 7-8
- TamakiKa1967: chemistry, structure, 63-69
- Tanaka1966: biological control, 1-42
- Tang1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 94-95
- Tang1984b: distribution, host, 128
- Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 308-310
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 61
- TavareSaDa2019: natural enemies, 4
- TranfaVi1988: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-30
- TrenchTo2014: distribution, 68
- TrenchTrTo2010: distribution, host, 114-123
- UlgentDo2019: distribution, host, 485
- UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S116
- UseinoGaYa2020: control,
- VeaGr2015: phylogeny, 64
- VeaGr2016: evolution, 4
- Wang1980: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 23-26
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 209
- WuWa2019: biology, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key, 521, 522, 525-526
- Xie1998: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 22-38
- XieLiXu2010: anatomy, biological control, 66-75
- XieLiZh2011: structure, 898-904
- XieXu2005: structure, taxonomy, 837-848
- XieXuYa2008: biological control, chemistry, distribution, host, life history, physiology, 185-194
- XieXuZh2004a: chemistry, 512-518
- XieXuZh2005a: infra-red, taxonomy, wax, 133-143
- XieXuZh2006a: chemistry, morphology, wax secretion, 21-202
- XuCh2000: biological control, distribution, host, 97-106
- XuHe1997: biological control, distribution, host, 91-94
- XuLi1991: biological control, distribution, host, 219-221
- XuLiLi2021: phylogeny,
- XuLiWa2023: phylogenetics,
- Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 187
- YangDuLi1996: life history,
- YangXiXu2006: biological control, chemical ecology, life history, 215-219
- Yasnos1987: economic importance, 229-234
- Yasnos1995: distribution, economic importance, host, 247-251
- YasnosTaCh2005: biological control, distribution, host, 295-302
- Yasuma1969: biological control, 773-780
- ZengWaCh1990: taxonomy, 93
- ZhouShYa2003: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 42-43,50
