Valid Names Results
Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead, 1894) (Diaspididae: Aonidiella)Nomenclatural History
- Aspidiotus orientalis Newstead 1894c: 26. Type data: INDIA: Andhra Pradesh, Seven Pagodas, on Panicum sp.. Syntypes, unknown, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name Illustr.
- Aspidiotus osbeckiae Green 1896: 4. Type data: SRI LANKA: Punduloya, on Osbeckia sp.. Holotype, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Green1922, 459).
- Aspidiotus (Diaspidiotus) osbeckiae Green, 1896; Cockerell 1897i: 28. change of combination
- Aspidiotus (Evaspidiotus) orientalis Newstead, 1894; Leonardi 1898a: 76. change of combination
- Aspidiotus (Evaspidiotus) osbeckiae Green, 1896; Leonardi 1898a: 76. change of combination
- Aspidiotus (Evaspidiotus) osbechiae Green, 1896; Leonardi 1898a: 76. misspelling of species epithet Notes: Mis-spelling of "osbechiae" for "osbeckiae".
- Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) pedronis Green 1905a: 341. Type data: SRI LANKA: Pedrotalagalla, altitude of about 8000 feet, on an undetermined tree.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1941e, 46). Illustr.
- Aspidiotus (Aonidiella) taprobanus Green 1905a: 344. Type data: SRI LANKA: Peradeniya, on Phyllanthus myrtifolius.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by McKenz1939, 65). Illustr.
- Chrysomphalus pedronis (Green, 1905); Sanders 1906: 15. change of combination
- Chrysomphalus taprobanus (Green, 1905); Sanders 1906: 15. change of combination
- Aspidiotus cocotiphagus Green, 1905; Lindinger 1908e: 241. change of combination
- Aspidiotus (Aonidiella) cocotiphagus Marlatt 1908c: 14. Type data: CUBA: Santiago de las Vegas, on Cocos nucifera; collected by W.T. Horne, August 1914.. Holotype, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Lindin1908, 241). Illustr.
- Chrysomphalus orientalis (Newstead, 1894); Lindinger 1913: 73. change of combination
- Chrysomphalus pedroniformis Cockerell & Robinson 1915: 107. Type data: PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Bataan on Eriodendron anfractuosum; Laguna, Los Banos, on Vitis vinifera.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Borchs1966, 297).
- Furcaspis cocotiphaga (Marlatt, 1908); MacGillivray 1921: 408. change of combination
- Furcaspis orientalis (Newstead, 1894); MacGillivray 1921: 408. change of combination
- Aonidiella taprobana (Green, 1905); MacGillivray 1921: 444. change of combination requiring emendation of specific epithet for agreement in gender
- Aspidiotus orientalis cocotiphagus Marlatt, 1908; Merrill & Chaffin 1923: 204. change of combination and rank
- Aspidiotus (Furcaspis) orientalis Newstead, 1894; Glover 1933: 1. change of combination
- Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead, 1894); McKenzie 1937: 327. change of combination
- Aonidiella cocotiphagus (Marlatt, 1908); Ferris 1938a: 190. change of combination
- Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead, 1894); McKenzie 1938: 12. change of combination
- Aonidiella pedroniformis (Cockerell & Robinson, 1915); McKenzie 1939: 54. change of combination
- Aonidiella pedronis (Green, 1905); McKenzie 1939: 54. change of combination
- Abgrallaspis narainus Dutta & Singh 1990: 1. Type data: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, District Firozabad, Shikohabad, from Musa paradisiaca and Carica papaya; collected 2.ix.1986.. Holotype, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by NormarMoKr2014, 44).
- Agbrallaspis narainus; Dutta & Singh 1990: 1. misspelling of genus name
- Abgrallaspis azadirachti Ojha 2005: 11. Type data: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Agra, Firozabad, Kudhi village, near Shikohabad, on Azadirachta indica.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by NormarMoKr2014, 44).
Common Names
- escama amarilla oriental CoronaRuMo1997
- Oriental Scale Dekle1965c Merril1953 MillerDa2005
- escama armada oriental WatsonKo2022a
- kimaru-kaigaramushi WatsonKo2022a
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 77 | Genera: 189
- Acanthaceae
- Barleria cristata | RahmanAn1941
- Justicia adhatoda | RahmanAn1941 | (= Adhatoda vasica)
- Thunbergia grandiflora | RahmanAn1941
- Adoxaceae
- Sambucus javanica | Velasq1971
- Anacardiaceae
- Mangifera indica | GermaiVaMa2010 KinjoNaHi1996 McKenz1946 OfekHuYz1997 RahmanAn1941
- Pistacia chinensis | RahmanAn1941 | ssp.integerrima (= Pistacia integerrima)
- Pistacia lentiscus | BenDov2012
- Spondias dulcis | McKenz1946 | (= Spondias cytherea)
- Annonaceae
- Annona | Houser1918 Merril1953
- Annona emarginata | Merril1953
- Annona glabra | MerrilCh1923
- Annona squamosa | McKenz1946
- Polyalthia | Balach1948b Ramakr1919a
- Rollinia emarginata | Merril1953
- Apocynaceae
- Allamanda cathartica | LincanHoCa2010
- Alstonia | RahmanAn1941
- Alstonia scholaris | RahmanAn1941
- Calotropis | Ramakr1919a Ramakr1921a
- Calotropis gigantea | EFSA2022i
- Calotropis procera | Balach1948b Moghad2013a RahmanAn1941
- Carissa | Merril1953 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1921a
- Carissa carandas | MerrilCh1923 RahmanAn1941
- Gomphocarpus physocarpus | EFSA2022i
- Nerium | RahmanAn1941
- Nerium oleander | Beards1966 Bodenh1944a RahmanAn1941
- Periploca aphylla | Moghad2013a
- Plumeria | Beards1966 MerrilCh1923
- Tabernaemontana | MerrilCh1923
- Tabernaemontana divaricata | RahmanAn1941 | (= Tabernaemontana coronaria)
- Wrightia coccinea | RahmanAn1941
- Araliaceae
- Hedera | Dekle1965c
- Arecaceae
- Archontophoenix cunninghamiana | Merril1953 MerrilCh1923 | (= Loroma amethystina)
- Arecaceae | Houser1918
- Cocos | Balach1948b Green1937
- Cocos nucifera | BesheaTiHo1973 Dekle1965c Houser1918 Marlat1908c McKenz1946
- Dypsis | JansenAl2023
- Elaeis guineensis | KondoGuWa2015
- Metroxylon | EFSA2022i
- Phoenix | Houser1918 RahmanAn1941
- Phoenix dactylifera | McKenz1946 Moghad2004
- Roystonea regia | McKenz1946
- Sabal | MerrilCh1923 | (= Inodes
- Washingtonia filifera | EFSA2022i
- Washingtonia robusta | EFSA2022i
- Aristolochiaceae
- Aristolochia | RahmanAn1941
- Asparagaceae
- Agave | RahmanAn1941
- Agave americana | RahmanAn1941 | (= Agave variegata)
- Agave sisalana | Balach1948b Beards1966 DeLott1967a Matile1978
- Asparagus | RahmanAn1941
- Asparagus aethiopicus | Merril1953 MerrilCh1923 | (= Asparagus sprengeri)
- Manfreda variegata | RahmanAn1941
- Asphodelaceae
- Aloe vera | RahmanAn1941
- Begoniaceae
- Begonia | RahmanAn1941
- Bignoniaceae
- Campsis radicans | RahmanAn1941 | (= Bignonia radicans)
- Kigelia africana | RahmanAn1941 | (= Kigelia pinnata)
- Oroxylum indicum | RahmanAn1941
- Pandorea pandorana | RahmanAn1941 | (= Tecoma australis)
- Pyrostegia venusta | RahmanAn1941 | (= Bignonia venusta)
- Tecoma stans | RahmanAn1941
- Tecomella undulata | RahmanAn1941 | (= Tecoma undulata)
- Boraginaceae
- Cordia | RahmanAn1941
- Cordia myxa | Bodenh1944a RahmanAn1941
- Cordia obliqua | RahmanAn1941
- Cordia sinensis | RahmanAn1941 | (= Cordia rothii )
- Ehretia acuminata | RahmanAn1941
- Burseraceae
- Boswellia serrata | RahmanAn1941
- Protium serratum | RahmanAn1941 | (= Bursera serrata)
- Buxaceae
- Buxus sempervirens | RahmanAn1941
- Cactaceae
- Cactus | RahmanAn1941
- Opuntia | RahmanAn1941
- Cannabaceae
- Celtis | RahmanAn1941
- Celtis australis | RahmanAn1941
- Cannaceae
- Canna indica | RahmanAn1941
- Capparaceae
- Crateva religiosa | RahmanAn1941
- Caprifoliaceae
- Lonicera japonica | RahmanAn1941 | var. chinensis (= Lonicera chinensis)
- Caricaceae
- Carica papaya | Balach1948b Brimbl1962a DuttaSi1990 Green1914c MartinLa2011 WilliaWa1988
- Celastraceae
- Catha edulis | MerrilCh1923
- Celastrus paniculatus | RahmanAn1941
- Combretaceae
- Combretum indicum | RahmanAn1941 | (= Quisqualis indica)
- Terminalia arjuna | RahmanAn1941
- Terminalia bellirica | RahmanAn1941
- Terminalia catappa | LincanHoCa2010
- Convolvulaceae
- Ipomoea | RahmanAn1941 | (= Calonyction)
- Ipomoea alba | RahmanAn1941
- Poranopsis paniculata | RahmanAn1941 | (= Porana paniculata)
- Cucurbitaceae
- Cucurbita | EFSA2022i
- Cunoniaceae
- Weinmannia | Lepage1938
- Cycadaceae
- Cycas | McKenz1937 MerrilCh1923
- Cycas revoluta | Green1900c Houser1918
- Cycas rumphii | EFSA2022i
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros | Balach1948b Green1937
- Diospyros malabarica | RahmanAn1941 | (= Diospyros embryopteris)
- Diospyros montana | RahmanAn1941
- Elaeagnaceae
- Elaeagnus pungens | Merril1953
- Euphorbiaceae
- Acalypha | Matile1984c
- Codiaeum variegatum | EFSA2022i
- Croton tiglium | RahmanAn1941
- Euphorbia pulcherrima | RahmanAn1941 | (= Poinsettia)
- Mallotus pallidus | RahmanAn1941 | (= Mallotus philippensis)
- Ricinus | Balach1948b Beards1966 Green1937
- Ricinus communis | Beards1966 Moghad2004 RahmanAn1941
- Sapium sebiferum | RahmanAn1941
- Triadica sebifera | LucasPoDe2024
- Fabaceae
- Acacia | EFSA2022i
- Albizia | RahmanAn1941
- Albizia julibrissin | Moghad2013a
- Albizia lebbeck | RahmanAn1941
- Atylosia | Ramakr1921a
- Bauhinia | Balach1948b Green1937
- Bauhinia purpurea | RahmanAn1941
- Bauhinia racemosa | RahmanAn1941
- Bauhinia vahlii | RahmanAn1941
- Bauhinia variegata | RahmanAn1941 RahmanAn1941 | var. candida (= Bauhinia alba)
- Butea monosperma | RahmanAn1941 | (= Butea frondosa)
- Caesalpinia bonduc | RahmanAn1941 | (= Caesalpinia bonducella)
- Cajanus cajan | EFSA2022i
- Cajanus trinervius | Green1900a Ramakr1919a | (= Atylosia candollii)
- Cassia | Balach1948b Green1937 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1921a
- Cassia fistula | RahmanAn1941
- Ceratonia siliqua | Moghad2004 RahmanAn1941
- Dalbergia | Balach1948b Green1908a Green1937
- Dalbergia lanceolaria | RahmanAn1941
- Dalbergia sissoo | Bodenh1943 Bodenh1944a McKenz1946 Moghad2004 RahmanAn1941
- Delonix regia | Matile1984c | (= Poinciana regia)
- Erythrina crista-galli | RahmanAn1941
- Millettia pinnata | RahmanAn1941
- Pithecellobium dulce | RahmanAn1941 | (= Inga dulcis)
- Pongamia pinnata | RahmanAn1941 | (= Pongamia glabra)
- Prosopis cineraria | Moghad2013a | (= Prosopis spicigera)
- Saraca indica | RahmanAn1941
- Senna auriculata | RahmanAn1941 | (= Cassia auriculata)
- Tamarindus | Balach1948b Green1908a Green1937
- Tamarindus indica | RahmanAn1941
- Tephrosia | Ramakr1919a
- Feijoa
- Feijoa | EFSA2022i
- Heliconiaceae
- Heliconia | Velasq1971
- Lamiaceae
- Callicarpa | RahmanAn1941
- Clerodendrum | RahmanAn1941
- Gmelina arborea | RahmanAn1941
- Vitex negundo | RahmanAn1941
- Lauraceae
- Persea americana | EFSA2022i
- Lythraceae
- Lagerstroemia indica | RahmanAn1941
- Lawsonia inermis | Matile1984c
- Punica granatum | RahmanAn1941 Moghad2013a
- Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia grandiflora | RahmanAn1941
- Malpighiaceae
- Hiptage benghalensis | RahmanAn1941 | (= Hiptage madablota)
- Malvaceae
- Adansonia | Merril1953
- Bombax ceiba | RahmanAn1941 | (= Bombax malabaricum)
- Ceiba pentandra | CockerRo1915 | (= Eriodendron anfractuosum)
- Gossypium hirsutum | EFSA2022i
- Grewia asiatica | RahmanAn1941
- Hibiscus | MerrilCh1923
- Pterospermum acerifolium | RahmanAn1941
- Pterygota alata | RahmanAn1941 | (= Sterculia alata )
- Sterculia | RahmanAn1941
- Sterculia guttata | RahmanAn1941
- Melastomataceae
- Osbeckia | Balach1948b Green1896 Green1896e Green1937 Ramakr1921a
- Meliaceae
- Azadirachta indica | RahmanAn1941 | (= Melia indica)
- Melia | Balach1948b Green1937
- Melia azedarach | Ojha2005 RahmanAn1941 Schmut1998 | (= Azadirachta indica) (= Melia composita)
- Melia volkensii | Schmut1990a
- Swietenia mahagoni | RahmanAn1941
- Toona ciliata | RahmanAn1941 | (= Cedrela toona)
- Menispermaceae
- Cocculus laurifolius | RahmanAn1941
- Moraceae
- Broussonetia papyrifera | RahmanAn1941
- Ficus | Balach1948b Bodenh1944b Danzig1972c Green1937 McKenz1946 Merril1953 MerrilCh1923 RahmanAn1941
- Ficus auriculata | Balach1948b Green1916e RahmanAn1941 | (= Ficus orbicularis) (= Ficus roxburghii)
- Ficus benghalensis | RahmanAn1941
- Ficus benjamina | AlAhmeBa1991 Matile1984c | (= Ficus nitida)
- Ficus carica | RahmanAn1941
- Ficus cordata | Balach1948b | ssp. salicifolia (= Ficus salicifolia)
- Ficus elastica | RahmanAn1941
- Ficus lacor | RahmanAn1941 | (= Ficus infectoria)
- Ficus opposita | Balach1948b Green1916e
- Ficus palmata | RahmanAn1941
- Ficus racemosa | RahmanAn1941 | (= Ficus glomerata)
- Ficus religiosa | Matile1984c RahmanAn1941
- Ficus retusa | RahmanAn1941
- Maclura pomifera | RahmanAn1941 | (= Maclura aurantiaca )
- Morus | RahmanAn1941
- Morus alba | RahmanAn1941
- Morus macroura | RahmanAn1941 | (= Morus laevigata)
- Morus nigra | EFSA2022i
- Moringaceae
- Moringa | RahmanAn1941
- Musaceae
- Musa | Balach1948b Green1937
- Musa paradisiaca | DuttaSi1990 MoghadWa2021 RahmanAn1941 | (= Musa sapientum),
- Myrtaceae
- Callistemon rigidus | RahmanAn1941
- Callistemon salignus | Moghad2013a | (= Callistemon lophanthus)
- Eucalyptus | Matile1984c RahmanAn1941
- Eugenia | Balach1948b Green1937
- Myrrhinium atropurpureum | Lepage1938 | (= Myrrhinium rubriflorum)
- Myrtaceae | Lepage1938
- Myrtus communis | RahmanAn1941
- Psidium guajava | Matile1984c RahmanAn1941
- Syzygium aromaticum | Moghad2013a
- Syzygium cumini | RahmanAn1941 | (= Eugenia jambolana)
- Nyctaginaceae
- Bougainvillea | RahmanAn1941
- Mirabilis jalapa | RahmanAn1941
- Ochnaceae
- Ochna | RahmanAn1941
- Oleaceae
- Jasminum | RahmanAn1941
- Nyctanthes arbor-tristis | RahmanAn1941
- Olea europaea | Bodenh1943 Danzig1972c Matile1984c
- Orchidaceae
- Orchidaceae | Lepage1938
- Phalaenopsis equestris | Matile1984c | (= Acacia cyanophila)
- Oxalidaceae
- Averrhoa carambola | RahmanAn1941
- Phyllanthaceae
- Bischofia javanica | RahmanAn1941
- Phyllanthus myrtifolius | Green1905a Green1922 Green1937 Ramakr1921a Sander1906
- Poaceae
- Panicum | Borchs1966 Mamet1951
- Podocarpaceae
- Podocarpus lambertii | Lepage1938
- Podocarpus neriifolius | Balach1948b
- Polygonaceae
- Antigonon leptopus | RahmanAn1941
- Proteaceae
- Grevillea robusta | RahmanAn1941
- Putranjivaceae
- Putranjiva roxburghii | RahmanAn1941
- Ranunculaceae
- Clematis terniflora | RahmanAn1941 | (= Clematis paniculata)
- Rhamnaceae
- Rhamnus persicus | RahmanAn1941
- Ziziphus | RahmanAn1941 Balach1948b Green1937 RahmanAn1941
- Ziziphus jujuba | RahmanAn1941
- Ziziphus mauritiana | EFSA2022i
- Ziziphus spina-christi | Moghad2013a
- Rhizophoraceae
- Bruguiera sexangula | Beards1966
- Rhizophora mucronata | Beards1966
- Rosaceae
- Eriobotrya japonica | RahmanAn1941
- Prunus | EFSA2022i
- Prunus armeniaca | Matile1984c
- Prunus persica | EFSA2022i
- Pyrus | RahmanAn1941
- Rosa | Balach1948b Green1937 Matile1984c RahmanAn1941
- Rubiaceae
- Coffea arabica | PadillMaNa2016
- Mitragyna | RahmanAn1941
- Mitragyna diversifolia | RahmanAn1941
- Rutaceae
- Aegle | Green1937
- Aegle marmelos | RahmanAn1941
- Casimiroa | Merril1953 MerrilCh1923
- Chloroxylon swietenia | Ramakr1919a
- Citrus | Balach1948b Bodenh1944a Bodenh1944b Matile1976 Moghad2013a RahmanAn1941
- Citrus aurantium | Bodenh1943 Moghad2013a
- Citrus bigaradia | MoghadWa2021
- Citrus limon | DeLott1967a
- Citrus maxima | BenDov2012 | (= Citrus grandis )
- Citrus medica | Moghad2013a | (= Citrus limetta)
- Citrus paradisi | BenDov2012
- Citrus sinensis | RouhanVaMa2018a
- Citrus trifoliata | Houser1918 MerrilCh1923
- Limonia | Green1937
- Limonia acidissima | RahmanAn1941 | (= Feronia elephantum)
- Murraya koenigii | JansenAl2023 | (=Bergera koenigii)
- Murraya paniculata | MerrilCh1923 RahmanAn1941 | (= Murraya exotica)
- Salicaceae
- Populus alba | RahmanAn1941
- Populus euphratica | Bodenh1943
- Salix | EFSA2022i
- Salix tetrasperma | RahmanAn1941
- Santalaceae
- Santalum album | Balach1948b
- Sapindaceae
- Acer oblongum | RahmanAn1941
- Acer pictum var. mono | RahmanAn1941
- Dodonaea viscosa | Matile1984c RahmanAn1941
- Litchi chinensis | Balach1948b McKenz1946 RahmanAn1941 | (= Nephelium litchi)
- Sapindus | RahmanAn1941
- Schleichera oleosa | EFSA2022i
- Sapotaceae
- Madhuca longifolia | RahmanAn1941 | var.latifolia (= Bassia latifolia)
- Manilkara kauki | RahmanAn1941
- Manilkara zapota | BenDov2012 BenDov2012 Moghad2013a | (= Achras sapota)
- Mimusops elengi | RahmanAn1941 | (= Mimusops kauki)
- Simaroubaceae
- Ailanthus | RahmanAn1941
- Solanaceae
- Solanum arundo | Balach1948b
- Solanum melongena | Beards1966 TakagiMo2005
- Strelitziaceae
- Ravenala madagascariensis | EFSA2022i
- Tamaricaceae
- Tamarix indica | Moghad2013a
- Theaceae
- Camellia | Balach1948b Green1937 | (= Thea)
- Camellia sinensis | EFSA2022i
- Ulmaceae
- Ulmus | RahmanAn1941
- Ulmus integrifolia | RahmanAn1941
- Verbenaceae
- Citharexylum spinosum | RahmanAn1941 | (= Citharexylum subserratum)
- Duranta erecta | Matile1984c RahmanAn1941 | (= Duranta ellisiae) (= Duranta plumieri)
- Vitaceae
- Vitis vinifera | CockerRo1915 RahmanAn1941
- Zamiaceae
- Zamia | Merril1953
- Zingiberaceae
- Alpinia nutans | RahmanAn1941
Foes:
Families: 6 | Genera: 17
- Aphelinidae
- Ablerus | OfekHuYz1997
- Aphytis aonidiae | RosenDe1979
- Aphytis coheni | RehmatAnKh2011
- Aphytis lingnanensis | OfekHuYz1997
- Aphytis melinus | ElderSmBe1998 OfekHuYz1997
- Aphytis mytilaspidis | RosenDe1979
- Aphytis proclia | MoghadWa2021
- Aphytis riyadhi | DeBach1979
- Coccobius | RehmatAnKh2011
- Coccobius aligarhensis | RehmatAnKh2011
- Coccophagoides orientalis | RehmatAnKh2011
- Encarsia aurantii | PolaszAbHu1999
- Encarsia citrina | ElderSmBe1998
- Encarsia elegans | RehmatAnKh2011 | (= Encarsia bifasciafacies)
- Marietta leopardina | OfekHuYz1997 | (= Marietta javensis)
- Marlattiella maculata | RehmatAnKh2011
- Parahytis peculiaris | RosenDe1979
- Pteroptrix longiclava | RehmatAnKh2011
- Chrysopidae
- Chrysoperla carnea | OfekHuYz1997
- Coccinellidae
- Chilocorus bipustulatus | OfekHuYz1997 SwirskWyIz2002
- Chilocorus circumdatus | ElderBe1998
- Chilocorus malasiae | ElderBe1998 | (= Chilocorus baileyi)
- Stethorus gilvifrons | OfekHuYz1997
- Cybocephalidae
- Cybocephalus aonidiellae | KirejtFa2010
- Encyrtidae
- Cerapterocerus mirabilis | FallahJa2017
- Comperiella bifasciata | OfekHuYz1997 SwirskWyIz2002
- Comperiella lemniscata | ElderGuSm1997 ElderSmBe1998
- Comperiella unifasciata | Trjapi1989
- Habrolepis diaspidi | MohammGhTa2001 OfekHuYz1997 SwirskWyIz2002 | (= Habrolepis aspidiotii)
- Habrolepis obscura | Prinsl1983
- Hemisarcoptidae
- Hemisarcoptes coccophagus | OfekHuYz1997
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 72
- Andaman Islands | EFSA2022i
- Angola | EFSA2022c
- Antigua and Barbuda | EFSA2022i
- Australia | EFSA2022c
- Northern Territory | Green1914c Green1916e
- Queensland | Borchs1966 Brimbl1962a
- Bahamas | McKenz1946
- Bangladesh | EFSA2022c
- Barbados | EFSA2022i
- Benin | GermaiVaMa2010
- Brazil | Borchs1966
- Ceara | CostaGoAr2013
- Rio Grande do Sul | Lepage1938
- Rio de Janeiro | Lepage1938
- Santa Catarina | Lepage1938
- Burma (=Myanmar) | Clause1933 DaoBeWa2018 EFSA2022c Mohamm1963
- Cameroon | EFSA2022c
- China | McKenz1946
- Fujian (=Fukien) | EFSA2022c
- Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | Borchs1966
- Guangxi (=Kwangsi) | EFSA2022c
- Hunan | EFSA2022c
- Jiangsu (=Kiangsu) | EFSA2022c
- Jiangxi (=Kiangsi) | EFSA2022c
- Sichuan (=Szechwan) | EFSA2022c
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | MartinLa2011
- Yunnan | DaoBeWa2023
- Zhejiang (=Chekiang) | EFSA2022c
- Colombia | Kondo2001
- Comoros | Balach1956 Matile1978
- Cuba | Borchs1966 Houser1918 Marlat1908c McKenz1946
- Curaçao | EFSA2022i
- Dominican Republic | EFSA2022i
- Ecuador | EFSA2022c
- Egypt | EFSA2022c
- Ethiopia | EFSA2022c
- Federated States of Micronesia
- Yap | Beards1966
- French Guiana | EFSA2022i
- Galapagos Islands | CaustoPeSi2006 LincanHoCa2010
- Guadeloupe | MatileEt2006
- Guiana | EFSA2022c GermaiDeLa2016
- Haiti | PerezG2008
- Hawaiian Islands
- Oahu | MatsunHoKu2019
- India | Green1908a Green1937 McKenz1937 McKenz1946 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1921a
- Andhra Pradesh | Borchs1966 Mamet1951
- Bihar | Ali1968
- Gujarat | EFSA2022i
- Himachal Pradesh | Verma2014
- Karnataka | UsmanPu1955
- Kerala | EFSA2022i
- Madhya Pradesh | EFSA2022i
- Maharashtra | EFSA2022i
- NCT Delhi | EFSA2022i
- Odisha (=Orissa) | EFSA2022i
- Punjab | RahmanAn1941
- Tamil Nadu | EFSA2022i
- Uttar Pradesh | DuttaSi1990 Ojha2005
- West Bengal | EFSA2022i
- Iran | Bodenh1944a Bodenh1944b Borchs1966 Lindin1909b Moghad2004 RosenDe1979
- Iraq | Bodenh1943 Borchs1966
- Israel | BenDov1985 BenDovVe1983
- Jamaica | Borchs1966
- Kenya | DeLott1967a Newste1917b Schmut1998
- Lebanon | GugliuMaMa2019
- Madagascar | Balach1956 Borchs1966
- Malaysia | Clause1933 Suh2016
- Maldives | EFSA2022c
- Mali | MuniapWaVa2012 SchneiOkNo2018
- Martinique | MatileEt2006
- Mexico | NormarOkMo2019 SchneiOkNo2018
- Veracruz | PadillMaNa2016
- Nauru | EFSA2022c
- Nepal | EFSA2022c
- Netherlands | JansenAl2023
- Netherlands Antilles | EFSA2022i
- Niger | EFSA2022
- Nigeria | EFSA2022c
- Oman | EFSA2022c
- Pakistan | EFSA2022c
- Panama | Borchs1966 McKenz1946
- Papua New Guinea | WilliaWa1988
- Peru | Suh2016
- Philippines | Borchs1966 McKenz1946 VelasqRi1969
- Luzon | Velasq1971
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | Borchs1966 ColonFMe1998 Martor1976 McKenz1946
- Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) | KinjoNaHi1996
- Saint Helena | Matile1976
- Saint Kitts and Nevis Islands | EFSA2022i
- Saint Martin & St. Barthelemy
- Saint Martin | EFSA2022i
- Saudi Arabia | AlAhmeBa1991 Beccar1971 Matile1984c
- Senegal | MuniapWaVa2012
- Somalia | Balach1956 Borchs1966 DeLott1967a Maleno1916a
- South Africa | Balach1956 Borchs1966
- Sri Lanka | Borchs1966 Green1896 Green1896e Green1900a Green1905a Ramakr1921a
- Sudan | EnsafInMa2016
- Tanzania | DeLott1967a
- Thailand | Suh2016
- Trinidad and Tobago | NormarOkMo2019
- U.S. Virgin Islands | Nakaha1983
- United Arab Emirates | EFSA2022c
- United States
- Florida | BesheaTiHo1973 Borchs1966 Dekle1965c Merril1953 MerrilCh1923
- Venezuela | JansenAl2023
- Vietnam | Suh2016
- Zambia | EFSA2022c
Keys
- DaoBeWa2023: pp.1024, 1027-1028 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspididae on citrus in Indochina and southern China.]
- MoghadWa2021: pp.38 ( Adult (F) ) [Aonidiella in Iran]
- WeiScNo2021: pp.17-23 ( Adult (F) ) [Aspidiotini from Panama]
- Hodgso2020: pp.146-147 ( Adult (M) ) [Diaspididae]
- EvansWaMi2009: pp.63-67 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspididae species found on avocado]
- BenDov2006: pp.55-57 ( Adult (F) ) [World (33 species)]
- MillerDa2005: pp.29-35 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
- Danzig1993: pp.160 ( Adult (F) ) [Europe]
- WilliaWa1988: pp.35 ( Adult (F) ) [Tropical South Pacific]
- Chou1985: pp.292 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of China]
- Velasq1971: pp.118 ( Adult (F) ) [Philippines]
- Beards1966: pp.509 ( Adult (F) ) [Federated States of Micronesia]
- Balach1956: pp.26 ( Adult (F) ) [Africa]
- Balach1948b: pp.360 ( Adult (F) ) [Mediterranean]
- McKenz1946: pp.33 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
- Ferris1942: pp.29 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- McKenz1942b: pp.144-145 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
- McKenz1938: pp.17-18 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
- McKenz1937a: pp.178 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
- McKenz1937: pp.330 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
- Robins1917: pp.24 ( Adult (F) ) [Philippine Islands]
- Green1896e: pp.40 ( Adult (F) ) [Sri Lanka]
Remarks
- Systematics: Aonidiella orientalis differs from A. aurantii, A. citrina, A. comperei, A. eremocitri and A. taxus in having perivulvar pores, groups of dorsal submarginal macroducts on prepygidial segments I–III, body only slightly reniform at maturity, and plates lateral to 3rd lobes each with a single fleshy process, not fringed. (Watson & Kondo, 2022a) The recent synonymy of Aonidiella narainus and A. azadirachti with A. orientalis is based on examination of the type series of A. narainus and all available material of A. azadirachti at the Natural History Museum(NHM)by Gillian W. Watson and Benjamin Normark. (Normark, et al., 2014)
- Structure: As it occurs on coconut the scale of the female is quite thick, flat, circular, ranging in color from almost white to a very light brown, exuviae central, the second exuvia dark brown. Scale of the male slightly elongate oval, the yellowish exuvia near one end (Ferris, 1938a).Scale of female roughly circular, 1.44 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, flat, pinkish or light brown with subcentrally first and second larval exuviae (Dutta & Singh, 1990). first-instar nymph body oval and broadest in thoracic region. Anterior margin is undulated and sclerotized. Dorsal side is feebly convex and ventral side somewhat flat. The average of each length and width of the crawler 0.247mm and 0.147mm. Yellowish green in color. (Singh Ojha & Singh, 2019)
- Biology: Occurring usually upon the foliage (Ferris, 1938a). Aonidiella orientalis reproduces sexually; adult females probably produce species-specific sex pheromone to attract adult males. Parthenogenetic and viviparous forms of reproduction were also observed. Aonidiella orientalis can have from three generations (in India) up to six generations (in Australia) each year. (EFSA2021) Females and males develop through four life stages: an egg, two larval instars and an adult. The larval instars of males are called pre-pupa and pupa. Adult males have wings and females are wingless. (EFSA2021)
- Economic Importance: The oriental red scale is a highly polyphagous scale insect (see Host Plants) and widely distributed in tropical and subtropical (CABI, 1978b, and see Distribution). It has been recorded as a pest of several agricultural crops: Citrus (Rose, 1990c); Tea (Nagarkatti & Sankaran, 1990); date palm, India (Glover, 1933; Rajagopal & Krishnamoorty, 1996); date palms, Saudi Arabia (Hammad et al., 1981; Moussa, 1986); palms and ornamentals, Florida (Dekle, 1976); papaya, Queensland, Australia (Elder et al., 1998); mango, Israel (Ben-Dov & Wysoki, 1990; Swirski et al., 2002).
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by McKenzie (1938), Ferris (1938a), Balachowsky (1948b, 1956), Velasquez (1971), Tang (1984), Chou (1985, 1986), Williams & Watson (1988) and by Colon-Ferrer & Medina-Gaud (1998).Description and illustration of adult female by Ojha (2005).Description and illustration of adult female by Dutta & Singh (1990).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbouEl2001: biological control, distribution, host, 185-195
- AlAhmeBa1991: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 279-286
- AlAnsiAlFa2020: natural enemies, 42
- Ali1968: distribution, host, 132-133
- BadawiAl1990: distribution, host, life history, 81-89
- BaghelDu2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 76-78
- Balach1948b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 362-365
- Balach1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 41-42
- BalikaKoPr2011: distribution, 579
- Beards1966: distribution, host, 511
- BeardsDaHo1976: economic importance, 106
- Beccar1971: distribution, host, 193
- BenDov1985: distribution, host, 186-187
- BenDov2006: distribution, taxonomy, 51, 55-57
- BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 28, 43
- BenDovGe2003: catalog, 33, 127-135
- BenDovVe1983: distribution, host, 124-125
- BenDovWy1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 1242
- BesheaTiHo1973: distribution, host, 4
- BindraVa1972: distribution, economic importance, host, 14-24
- Bodenh1943: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 3-4
- Bodenh1944a: distribution, host, 81
- Bodenh1944b: distribution, host, 94
- Borchs1966: catalog, 297-298
- Brimbl1962a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 410
- CABI1978b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 1-2
- CaustoPeSi2006: distribution, 137
- Chou1985: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 296-298
- Chou1986: illustration, taxonomy, 678
- ChuaWo1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 453-552
- ClapsWoGo2001a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 12
- Cocker1896b: distribution, 334
- Cocker1897i: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 28
- CockerRo1915: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 107
- ColonFMe1998: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 38-39
- Comper1961a: biological control, 17-71
- ComperAn1961: biological control, distribution, host, 17
- CoronaRuMo1997: distribution, host, 38-41
- CostaGoAr2013: distribution, host,
- DEDAC1923: distribution, host,
- DahmsSm1994: biological control, distribution, host, 245-255
- DaneelMeJa1994: distribution, host, 72-74
- Danzig1972: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 207
- Danzig1972c: distribution, host, 583
- DanzigPe1998: catalog, description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 183-184
- DaoBeWa2023: key, 1028
- DavidsMi1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 603-632
- DeBach1969a: biological control, 11-28
- DeBach1979: biological control, distribution, host, 131-138
- DeLott1967a: distribution, host, 112
- Dekle1965c: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 21
- Dekle1976: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 32
- DooleySm2013: catalog, 11
- Dutta1990: distribution, host, 152-163
- DuttaBa1991: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 31-35
- DuttaSi1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 1-6
- EFSA2021: control, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 18, 24, 46-61
- EFSA2021a: biology, distribution, economic importance, host, 22, 34-35, 125-127
- EFSA2022c: dispersal, economic importance, 29, 43, 55, 71-77
- EFSA2022i: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy,
- Ebelin1949: control, distribution, host, life history,
- ElShaf2012: host, 518
- ElShafAbAl2017: host, 4
- ElderBe1998: biological control, distribution, host, 362-365
- ElderGuSm1997: biological control, distribution, host, 299-301
- ElderSm1995: biological control, distribution, host, 253-254
- ElderSmBe1998: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 74-79
- ElsebaAh2017: distribution, host, 1072
- Elwan2000: distribution, host, 653-664
- EnsafInMa2016: distribution, economic control, 125-128
- EtzelLe1999: biological control, 125-197
- EvansWaMi2009: taxonomy, 63-67
- FallahJa2017: distribution, host, natural enemies, 8, 10, 33
- Fernal1903b: catalog, 268
- Ferris1938a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 180
- Ferris1941e: taxonomy, 42,46,48
- Ferris1942: taxonomy, 29
- Flande1971: biological control, life history, 857-872
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 234
- GermaiDeLa2016: host, list of species, 2
- GermaiVaMa2010: distribution, host, 126
- Ghabbo1995: taxonomy, 379-387
- Ghauri1962: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 82,211
- Glover1933: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 1-23
- Green1896: distribution, host, taxonomy, 4
- Green1896e: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 47-48
- Green1900a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 69
- Green1900c: distribution, host, 3
- Green1905a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 341-342,344
- Green1908a: distribution, host, 33
- Green1914c: distribution, host, 232
- Green1916e: distribution, host, 53
- Green1922: distribution, host, taxonomy, 459,462-463
- Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 329-332
- GroveDe2017: distribution, host, 300
- GroveDeDa2013: distribution, host, 377
- GugliuMaMa2019: distribution, economic importance, host, list, 2, 4
- Gupta2018: control, distribution, host, 153-154
- Halber2000: distribution, host, 3-4
- HammadKaRa1981: distribution, economic importance, host, 252-268
- Hayat1989: biological control, distribution, host, 1-3
- Hodgso2020: key, 147
- Houser1918: distribution, host, 162
- Howard1991: control, distribution, ecology, host, life history, 217-225
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 24,33
- KakotiDeRo2022: distribution, host, list, 9
- Kapur1942: biological control, 49-66
- Kaussa1955: distribution, host, 15
- KhalafSo1993: biological control, host, life history, 11-12
- KinjoNaHi1996: distribution, host, 125-127
- KirejtFa2010: biological control, distribution, host, 326-329
- Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 43
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 13
- KonstaGu1987: distribution, host, 161
- Laing1929a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 490
- Lale1998: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 191-197
- Leonar1898a: taxonomy, 76
- Leonar1898c: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 77-80
- Lepage1938: catalog, 396
- LincanHoCa2010: distribution, host, 5
- Lindin1908e: taxonomy, 241
- Lindin1909b: distribution, host, 108
- Lindin1909c: distribution, host, taxonomy, 449
- Lindin1913: distribution, host, taxonomy, 73
- Lindin1943b: taxonomy, 146
- LucasPoDe2024: distribution, ecology, economic importance, host, illustration, record, 3
- MacGil1921: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 408,419,444
- Maleno1916a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 326-329
- MalipaDuSm2000: biological control, 82
- Mamet1951: distribution, 225
- ManiKr1996: biological control, distribution, host, 273-274
- Marlat1908c: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 14-15
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, host, 37
- Martor1976: distribution, host, 61,108,177,200,266
- Matile1976: distribution, host, 311-312
- Matile1978: distribution, host, 60
- Matile1984c: distribution, host, 220-221
- MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 168
- MatsunHoKu2019: distribution, host, 9
- McKenz1937: taxonomy, 327
- McKenz1938: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 12-13,32
- McKenz1939: distribution, host, taxonomy, 54-55,65-66
- McKenz1942b: taxonomy, 145
- McKenz1946: distribution, host, taxonomy, 32-33
- Merril1953: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 14-15
- MerrilCh1923: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 204-205
- Meurge2011: distribution, 80
- Meurge2011: distribution, 80
- MillerDa1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 300
- MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 58-61
- Moghad2004: distribution, host, 13
- Moghad2008: distribution, economic importance, host, 155-156
- Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 16
- MoghadWa2021: description, diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, key, natural enemies, taxonomy, 7, 38, 41-42, 240
- MoghadZa2024: distribution, host, 770
- Mohame2021: ecology, natural enemies,
- Mohamm1963: distribution, host, taxonomy, 132
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 150
- MohammGhTa2001: biological control, distribution, host, 413-418
- Montgo1921: distribution, host, 41-55
- Moussa1986: biological control, distribution, ecology, host, life history, 227-234
- MuniapWaVa2012: distribution, 37-48
- NagarkSa1990: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 553-542
- Nair1964: distribution, economic importance, host, 72
- NairMe1963: distribution, host, 139-147
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 8
- Nakaha1983: distribution, host, 8
- Newste1894c: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 26-27
- Newste1917b: distribution, host, 132
- NiuLiXu2024: DNA sequencing, S1 Table
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, 12, S3
- OfekHuYz1997: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 212-218
- Ojha2005: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 11-14
- PadillMaNa2016: distribution, host, 556
- PadmanDa2003: biological control, distribution, host, 422-424
- PellizPo2014: distribution, host, 5
- PerezG2008: distribution, 214
- PolaszAbHu1999: biological control, distribution, host, 131-163
- Ponnam1999: chemical control, distribution, host, 445-451
- Prinsl1983: biological control, distribution, 26
- PruthiBa1960: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-113
- PruthiMa1945: control, distribution, host, life history, 1-42
- RahmanAn1941: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 819-821
- RajagoKr1996: control, distribution, economic importance, host, 139-146
- Ramakr1919a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 17
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 357,359
- Ramakr1930: distribution, host, taxonomy, 21
- RamosPeKo2017: economic importance, 8139
- Rao1969: biological control, 785-792
- RaoCh1950: taxonomy, 28
- RehmatAnKh2011: biological control, distribution,
- Robins1917: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 24
- RodrigNaVa2019: distribution, host, 467
- Rose1990c: distribution, economic importance, 535-542
- RosenDe1979: biological control, distribution, host, 238-241,464-484
- RouhanVaMa2018a: distribution, host, 3
- Ruther1915a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 106-107
- Sander1906: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 15
- Sander1909a: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 51
- Sankar1984: biological control, distribution, host,
- Sassce1923: distribution, host, 152-158
- Schmut1969: distribution, host, 116
- Schmut1990a: distribution, economic importance, host, 392,398
- Schmut1998: distribution, economic importance, host, 37
- Schmut2001: distribution, host, 339-345
- SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 484
- SchneiFiNo2019: key, taxonomy, 92
- SchneiOkNo2018: phylogeny,
- SchneiOkNo2018: phylogeny,
- Shalab1961: distribution, host, 211-228
- ShalabHaHa2000: biological control, distribution, host, 531-544
- Singh1964: distribution, economic importance, host, 213
- Singh2018: distribution, host, life history,
- SinghOSi2019: description, illustration, morphology,
- SinghSi2005: life history, 209-211
- SinhaDi1984: biological control, distribution, host, 7-13
- Soares1942: distribution, economic importance, host, 54-56
- Soares1945: distribution, economic importance, host, 49-81
- Suh2016: distribution, host, key, 322, 324
- SwirskWyIz2002: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 110-111
- TakagiMo2005: distribution, host, 52
- Tang1984: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 39,41
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 71
- Trjapi1989: biological control, 296
- UsmanPu1955: distribution, host, 48
- Varshn2002: distribution, host, 21-22
- Velasq1971: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 119-120
- VelasqRi1969: distribution, host, 195-208
- Verma2014: description, host, taxonomy, 51-57
- VermaDi2005: distribution, host, 423-426
- WadhiBa1964: distribution, economic importance, host, 227-260
- WaltonKrSa2009: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-6
- Watson2001: list, 177
- Watson2021: distribution, 522
- WatsonKo2022a: control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 435-437
- WeiScNo2021: key, 18
- Wester1918: distribution, economic importance, host, 5-57
- Wester1920: distribution, host,
- Willia1985a: catalog, taxonomy, 237
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 220, 228, 229, 233
- WilliaWa1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 42-44
- WysokiIsRo1995: biological control, life history, 267
- deVill2001d: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 222-223