Valid Names Results

Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead, 1894) (Diaspididae: Aonidiella)

Nomenclatural History

Aspidiotus orientalis Newstead 1894c: 26. Type data: INDIA: Andhra Pradesh, Seven Pagodas, on Panicum sp.. Syntypes, unknown, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name Illustr.
Aspidiotus osbeckiae Green 1896: 4. Type data: SRI LANKA: Punduloya, on Osbeckia sp.. Holotype, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Green1922, 459).
Aspidiotus (Diaspidiotus) osbeckiae Green, 1896; Cockerell 1897i: 28. change of combination
Aspidiotus (Evaspidiotus) orientalis Newstead, 1894; Leonardi 1898a: 76. change of combination
Aspidiotus (Evaspidiotus) osbeckiae Green, 1896; Leonardi 1898a: 76. change of combination
Aspidiotus (Evaspidiotus) osbechiae Green, 1896; Leonardi 1898a: 76. misspelling of species epithet Notes: Mis-spelling of "osbechiae" for "osbeckiae".
Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) pedronis Green 1905a: 341. Type data: SRI LANKA: Pedrotalagalla, altitude of about 8000 feet, on an undetermined tree.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1941e, 46). Illustr.
Aspidiotus (Aonidiella) taprobanus Green 1905a: 344. Type data: SRI LANKA: Peradeniya, on Phyllanthus myrtifolius.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by McKenz1939, 65). Illustr.
Chrysomphalus pedronis (Green, 1905); Sanders 1906: 15. change of combination
Chrysomphalus taprobanus (Green, 1905); Sanders 1906: 15. change of combination
Aspidiotus cocotiphagus Marlatt, 1908; Lindinger 1908e: 241. change of combination
Aspidiotus (Aonidiella) cocotiphagus Marlatt 1908c: 14. Type data: CUBA: Santiago de las Vegas, on Cocos nucifera; collected by W.T. Horne, August 1914.. Holotype, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Lindin1908, 241). Illustr.
Chrysomphalus orientalis (Newstead, 1894); Lindinger 1913: 73. change of combination
Chrysomphalus pedroniformis Cockerell & Robinson 1915: 107. Type data: PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Bataan on Eriodendron anfractuosum; Laguna, Los Banos, on Vitis vinifera.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Borchs1966, 297).
Furcaspis cocotiphaga (Marlatt, 1908); MacGillivray 1921: 408. change of combination
Furcaspis orientalis (Newstead, 1894); MacGillivray 1921: 408. change of combination
Aonidiella taprobana (Green, 1905); MacGillivray 1921: 444. change of combination requiring emendation of specific epithet for agreement in gender
Aspidiotus orientalis cocotiphagus Marlatt, 1908; Merrill & Chaffin 1923: 204. change of combination and rank
Aspidiotus (Furcaspis) orientalis Newstead, 1894; Glover 1933: 1. change of combination
Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead, 1894); McKenzie 1937: 327. change of combination
Aonidiella cocotiphagus (Marlatt, 1908); Ferris 1938a: 190. change of combination
Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead, 1894); McKenzie 1938: 12. change of combination
Aonidiella pedroniformis (Cockerell & Robinson, 1915); McKenzie 1939: 54. change of combination
Aonidiella pedronis (Green, 1905); McKenzie 1939: 54. change of combination
Abgrallaspis narainus Dutta & Singh 1990: 1. Type data: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, District Firozabad, Shikohabad, from Musa paradisiaca and Carica papaya; collected 2.ix.1986.. Holotype, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by NormarMoKr2014, 44).
Agbrallaspis narainus; Dutta & Singh 1990: 1. misspelling of genus name
Abgrallaspis azadirachti Ojha 2005: 11. Type data: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Agra, Firozabad, Kudhi village, near Shikohabad, on Azadirachta indica.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by NormarMoKr2014, 44).

Common Names

escama amarilla oriental CoronaRuMo1997
Oriental Scale Dekle1965c Merril1953 MillerDa2005
escama armada oriental WatsonKo2022a
kimaru-kaigaramushi WatsonKo2022a

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 77 | Genera: 189

Acanthaceae

Barleria cristata | RahmanAn1941
Justicia adhatoda | RahmanAn1941 | (= Adhatoda vasica)
Thunbergia grandiflora | RahmanAn1941

Adoxaceae

Sambucus javanica | Velasq1971

Anacardiaceae

Mangifera indica | GermaiVaMa2010 KinjoNaHi1996 McKenz1946 OfekHuYz1997 RahmanAn1941
Pistacia chinensis | RahmanAn1941 | ssp.integerrima (= Pistacia integerrima)
Pistacia lentiscus | BenDov2012
Spondias dulcis | McKenz1946 | (= Spondias cytherea)

Annonaceae

Annona | Houser1918 Merril1953
Annona emarginata | Merril1953
Annona glabra | MerrilCh1923
Annona squamosa | McKenz1946
Polyalthia | Balach1948b Ramakr1919a
Rollinia emarginata | Merril1953

Apocynaceae

Allamanda cathartica | LincanHoCa2010
Alstonia | RahmanAn1941
Alstonia scholaris | RahmanAn1941
Calotropis | Ramakr1919a Ramakr1921a
Calotropis gigantea | EFSA2022i
Calotropis procera | Balach1948b Moghad2013a RahmanAn1941
Carissa | Merril1953 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1921a
Carissa carandas | MerrilCh1923 RahmanAn1941
Gomphocarpus physocarpus | EFSA2022i
Nerium | RahmanAn1941
Nerium oleander | Beards1966 Bodenh1944a RahmanAn1941
Periploca aphylla | Moghad2013a
Plumeria | Beards1966 MerrilCh1923
Tabernaemontana | MerrilCh1923
Tabernaemontana divaricata | RahmanAn1941 | (= Tabernaemontana coronaria)
Wrightia coccinea | RahmanAn1941

Araliaceae

Hedera | Dekle1965c

Arecaceae

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana | Merril1953 MerrilCh1923 | (= Loroma amethystina)
Arecaceae | Houser1918
Cocos | Balach1948b Green1937
Cocos nucifera | BesheaTiHo1973 Dekle1965c Houser1918 Marlat1908c McKenz1946
Dypsis | JansenAl2023
Elaeis guineensis | KondoGuWa2015
Metroxylon | EFSA2022i
Phoenix | Houser1918 RahmanAn1941
Phoenix dactylifera | McKenz1946 Moghad2004
Roystonea regia | McKenz1946
Sabal | MerrilCh1923 | (= Inodes
Washingtonia filifera | EFSA2022i
Washingtonia robusta | EFSA2022i

Aristolochiaceae

Aristolochia | RahmanAn1941

Asparagaceae

Agave | RahmanAn1941
Agave americana | RahmanAn1941 | (= Agave variegata)
Agave sisalana | Balach1948b Beards1966 DeLott1967a Matile1978
Asparagus | RahmanAn1941
Asparagus aethiopicus | Merril1953 MerrilCh1923 | (= Asparagus sprengeri)
Manfreda variegata | RahmanAn1941

Asphodelaceae

Aloe vera | RahmanAn1941

Begoniaceae

Begonia | RahmanAn1941

Bignoniaceae

Campsis radicans | RahmanAn1941 | (= Bignonia radicans)
Kigelia africana | RahmanAn1941 | (= Kigelia pinnata)
Oroxylum indicum | RahmanAn1941
Pandorea pandorana | RahmanAn1941 | (= Tecoma australis)
Pyrostegia venusta | RahmanAn1941 | (= Bignonia venusta)
Tecoma stans | RahmanAn1941
Tecomella undulata | RahmanAn1941 | (= Tecoma undulata)

Boraginaceae

Cordia | RahmanAn1941
Cordia myxa | Bodenh1944a RahmanAn1941
Cordia obliqua | RahmanAn1941
Cordia sinensis | RahmanAn1941 | (= Cordia rothii )
Ehretia acuminata | RahmanAn1941

Burseraceae

Boswellia serrata | RahmanAn1941
Protium serratum | RahmanAn1941 | (= Bursera serrata)

Buxaceae

Buxus sempervirens | RahmanAn1941

Cactaceae

Cactus | RahmanAn1941
Opuntia | RahmanAn1941

Cannabaceae

Celtis | RahmanAn1941
Celtis australis | RahmanAn1941

Cannaceae

Canna indica | RahmanAn1941

Capparaceae

Crateva religiosa | RahmanAn1941

Caprifoliaceae

Lonicera japonica | RahmanAn1941 | var. chinensis (= Lonicera chinensis)

Caricaceae

Carica papaya | Balach1948b Brimbl1962a DuttaSi1990 Green1914c MartinLa2011 WilliaWa1988

Celastraceae

Catha edulis | MerrilCh1923
Celastrus paniculatus | RahmanAn1941

Combretaceae

Combretum indicum | RahmanAn1941 | (= Quisqualis indica)
Terminalia arjuna | RahmanAn1941
Terminalia bellirica | RahmanAn1941
Terminalia catappa | LincanHoCa2010

Convolvulaceae

Ipomoea | RahmanAn1941 | (= Calonyction)
Ipomoea alba | RahmanAn1941
Poranopsis paniculata | RahmanAn1941 | (= Porana paniculata)

Cucurbitaceae

Cucurbita | EFSA2022i

Cunoniaceae

Weinmannia | Lepage1938

Cycadaceae

Cycas | McKenz1937 MerrilCh1923
Cycas revoluta | Green1900c Houser1918
Cycas rumphii | EFSA2022i

Ebenaceae

Diospyros | Balach1948b Green1937
Diospyros malabarica | RahmanAn1941 | (= Diospyros embryopteris)
Diospyros montana | RahmanAn1941

Elaeagnaceae

Elaeagnus pungens | Merril1953

Euphorbiaceae

Acalypha | Matile1984c
Codiaeum variegatum | EFSA2022i
Croton tiglium | RahmanAn1941
Euphorbia pulcherrima | RahmanAn1941 | (= Poinsettia)
Mallotus pallidus | RahmanAn1941 | (= Mallotus philippensis)
Ricinus | Balach1948b Beards1966 Green1937
Ricinus communis | Beards1966 Moghad2004 RahmanAn1941
Sapium sebiferum | RahmanAn1941
Triadica sebifera | LucasPoDe2024

Fabaceae

Acacia | EFSA2022i
Albizia | RahmanAn1941
Albizia julibrissin | Moghad2013a
Albizia lebbeck | RahmanAn1941
Atylosia | Ramakr1921a
Bauhinia | Balach1948b Green1937
Bauhinia purpurea | RahmanAn1941
Bauhinia racemosa | RahmanAn1941
Bauhinia vahlii | RahmanAn1941
Bauhinia variegata | RahmanAn1941 RahmanAn1941 | var. candida (= Bauhinia alba)
Butea monosperma | RahmanAn1941 | (= Butea frondosa)
Caesalpinia bonduc | RahmanAn1941 | (= Caesalpinia bonducella)
Cajanus cajan | EFSA2022i
Cajanus trinervius | Green1900a Ramakr1919a | (= Atylosia candollii)
Cassia | Balach1948b Green1937 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1921a
Cassia fistula | RahmanAn1941
Ceratonia siliqua | Moghad2004 RahmanAn1941
Dalbergia | Balach1948b Green1908a Green1937
Dalbergia lanceolaria | RahmanAn1941
Dalbergia sissoo | Bodenh1943 Bodenh1944a McKenz1946 Moghad2004 RahmanAn1941
Delonix regia | Matile1984c | (= Poinciana regia)
Erythrina crista-galli | RahmanAn1941
Millettia pinnata | RahmanAn1941
Pithecellobium dulce | RahmanAn1941 | (= Inga dulcis)
Pongamia pinnata | RahmanAn1941 | (= Pongamia glabra)
Prosopis cineraria | Moghad2013a | (= Prosopis spicigera)
Saraca indica | RahmanAn1941
Senna auriculata | RahmanAn1941 | (= Cassia auriculata)
Tamarindus | Balach1948b Green1908a Green1937
Tamarindus indica | RahmanAn1941
Tephrosia | Ramakr1919a

Feijoa

Feijoa | EFSA2022i

Heliconiaceae

Heliconia | Velasq1971

Lamiaceae

Callicarpa | RahmanAn1941
Clerodendrum | RahmanAn1941
Gmelina arborea | RahmanAn1941
Vitex negundo | RahmanAn1941

Lauraceae

Persea americana | EFSA2022i

Lythraceae

Lagerstroemia indica | RahmanAn1941
Lawsonia inermis | Matile1984c
Punica granatum | RahmanAn1941 Moghad2013a

Magnoliaceae

Magnolia grandiflora | RahmanAn1941

Malpighiaceae

Hiptage benghalensis | RahmanAn1941 | (= Hiptage madablota)

Malvaceae

Adansonia | Merril1953
Bombax ceiba | RahmanAn1941 | (= Bombax malabaricum)
Ceiba pentandra | CockerRo1915 | (= Eriodendron anfractuosum)
Gossypium hirsutum | EFSA2022i
Grewia asiatica | RahmanAn1941
Hibiscus | MerrilCh1923
Pterospermum acerifolium | RahmanAn1941
Pterygota alata | RahmanAn1941 | (= Sterculia alata )
Sterculia | RahmanAn1941
Sterculia guttata | RahmanAn1941

Melastomataceae

Osbeckia | Balach1948b Green1896 Green1896e Green1937 Ramakr1921a

Meliaceae

Azadirachta indica | RahmanAn1941 | (= Melia indica)
Melia | Balach1948b Green1937
Melia azedarach | Ojha2005 RahmanAn1941 Schmut1998 | (= Azadirachta indica) (= Melia composita)
Melia volkensii | Schmut1990a
Swietenia mahagoni | RahmanAn1941
Toona ciliata | RahmanAn1941 | (= Cedrela toona)

Menispermaceae

Cocculus laurifolius | RahmanAn1941

Moraceae

Broussonetia papyrifera | RahmanAn1941
Ficus | Balach1948b Bodenh1944b Danzig1972c Green1937 McKenz1946 Merril1953 MerrilCh1923 RahmanAn1941
Ficus auriculata | Balach1948b Green1916e RahmanAn1941 | (= Ficus orbicularis) (= Ficus roxburghii)
Ficus benghalensis | RahmanAn1941
Ficus benjamina | AlAhmeBa1991 Matile1984c | (= Ficus nitida)
Ficus carica | RahmanAn1941
Ficus cordata | Balach1948b | ssp. salicifolia (= Ficus salicifolia)
Ficus elastica | RahmanAn1941
Ficus lacor | RahmanAn1941 | (= Ficus infectoria)
Ficus opposita | Balach1948b Green1916e
Ficus palmata | RahmanAn1941
Ficus racemosa | RahmanAn1941 | (= Ficus glomerata)
Ficus religiosa | Matile1984c RahmanAn1941
Ficus retusa | RahmanAn1941
Maclura pomifera | RahmanAn1941 | (= Maclura aurantiaca )
Morus | RahmanAn1941
Morus alba | RahmanAn1941
Morus macroura | RahmanAn1941 | (= Morus laevigata)
Morus nigra | EFSA2022i

Moringaceae

Moringa | RahmanAn1941

Musaceae

Musa | Balach1948b Green1937
Musa paradisiaca | DuttaSi1990 MoghadWa2021 RahmanAn1941 | (= Musa sapientum),

Myrtaceae

Callistemon rigidus | RahmanAn1941
Callistemon salignus | Moghad2013a | (= Callistemon lophanthus)
Eucalyptus | Matile1984c RahmanAn1941
Eugenia | Balach1948b Green1937
Myrrhinium atropurpureum | Lepage1938 | (= Myrrhinium rubriflorum)
Myrtaceae | Lepage1938
Myrtus communis | RahmanAn1941
Psidium guajava | Matile1984c RahmanAn1941
Syzygium aromaticum | Moghad2013a
Syzygium cumini | RahmanAn1941 | (= Eugenia jambolana)

Nyctaginaceae

Bougainvillea | RahmanAn1941
Mirabilis jalapa | RahmanAn1941

Ochnaceae

Ochna | RahmanAn1941

Oleaceae

Jasminum | RahmanAn1941
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis | RahmanAn1941
Olea europaea | Bodenh1943 Danzig1972c Matile1984c

Orchidaceae

Orchidaceae | Lepage1938
Phalaenopsis equestris | Matile1984c | (= Acacia cyanophila)

Oxalidaceae

Averrhoa carambola | RahmanAn1941

Phyllanthaceae

Bischofia javanica | RahmanAn1941
Phyllanthus myrtifolius | Green1905a Green1922 Green1937 Ramakr1921a Sander1906

Poaceae

Panicum | Borchs1966 Mamet1951

Podocarpaceae

Podocarpus lambertii | Lepage1938
Podocarpus neriifolius | Balach1948b

Polygonaceae

Antigonon leptopus | RahmanAn1941

Proteaceae

Grevillea robusta | RahmanAn1941

Putranjivaceae

Putranjiva roxburghii | RahmanAn1941

Ranunculaceae

Clematis terniflora | RahmanAn1941 | (= Clematis paniculata)

Rhamnaceae

Rhamnus persicus | RahmanAn1941
Ziziphus | RahmanAn1941 Balach1948b Green1937 RahmanAn1941
Ziziphus jujuba | RahmanAn1941
Ziziphus mauritiana | EFSA2022i
Ziziphus spina-christi | Moghad2013a

Rhizophoraceae

Bruguiera sexangula | Beards1966
Rhizophora mucronata | Beards1966

Rosaceae

Eriobotrya japonica | RahmanAn1941
Prunus | EFSA2022i
Prunus armeniaca | Matile1984c
Prunus persica | EFSA2022i
Pyrus | RahmanAn1941
Rosa | Balach1948b Green1937 Matile1984c RahmanAn1941

Rubiaceae

Coffea arabica | PadillMaNa2016
Mitragyna | RahmanAn1941
Mitragyna diversifolia | RahmanAn1941

Rutaceae

Aegle | Green1937
Aegle marmelos | RahmanAn1941
Casimiroa | Merril1953 MerrilCh1923
Chloroxylon swietenia | Ramakr1919a
Citrus | Balach1948b Bodenh1944a Bodenh1944b Matile1976 Moghad2013a RahmanAn1941
Citrus aurantium | Bodenh1943 Moghad2013a
Citrus bigaradia | MoghadWa2021
Citrus limon | DeLott1967a
Citrus maxima | BenDov2012 | (= Citrus grandis )
Citrus medica | Moghad2013a | (= Citrus limetta)
Citrus paradisi | BenDov2012
Citrus sinensis | RouhanVaMa2018a
Citrus trifoliata | Houser1918 MerrilCh1923
Limonia | Green1937
Limonia acidissima | RahmanAn1941 | (= Feronia elephantum)
Murraya koenigii | JansenAl2023 | (=Bergera koenigii)
Murraya paniculata | MerrilCh1923 RahmanAn1941 | (= Murraya exotica)

Salicaceae

Populus alba | RahmanAn1941
Populus euphratica | Bodenh1943
Salix | EFSA2022i
Salix tetrasperma | RahmanAn1941

Santalaceae

Santalum album | Balach1948b

Sapindaceae

Acer oblongum | RahmanAn1941
Acer pictum var. mono | RahmanAn1941
Dodonaea viscosa | Matile1984c RahmanAn1941
Litchi chinensis | Balach1948b McKenz1946 RahmanAn1941 | (= Nephelium litchi)
Sapindus | RahmanAn1941
Schleichera oleosa | EFSA2022i

Sapotaceae

Madhuca longifolia | RahmanAn1941 | var.latifolia (= Bassia latifolia)
Manilkara kauki | RahmanAn1941
Manilkara zapota | BenDov2012 BenDov2012 Moghad2013a | (= Achras sapota)
Mimusops elengi | RahmanAn1941 | (= Mimusops kauki)

Simaroubaceae

Ailanthus | RahmanAn1941

Solanaceae

Solanum arundo | Balach1948b
Solanum melongena | Beards1966 TakagiMo2005

Strelitziaceae

Ravenala madagascariensis | EFSA2022i

Tamaricaceae

Tamarix indica | Moghad2013a

Theaceae

Camellia | Balach1948b Green1937 | (= Thea)
Camellia sinensis | EFSA2022i

Ulmaceae

Ulmus | RahmanAn1941
Ulmus integrifolia | RahmanAn1941

Verbenaceae

Citharexylum spinosum | RahmanAn1941 | (= Citharexylum subserratum)
Duranta erecta | Matile1984c RahmanAn1941 | (= Duranta ellisiae) (= Duranta plumieri)

Vitaceae

Vitis vinifera | CockerRo1915 RahmanAn1941

Zamiaceae

Zamia | Merril1953

Zingiberaceae

Alpinia nutans | RahmanAn1941

Foes:

Families: 6 | Genera: 17

Aphelinidae

Ablerus | OfekHuYz1997
Aphytis aonidiae | RosenDe1979
Aphytis coheni | RehmatAnKh2011
Aphytis lingnanensis | OfekHuYz1997
Aphytis melinus | ElderSmBe1998 OfekHuYz1997
Aphytis mytilaspidis | RosenDe1979
Aphytis proclia | MoghadWa2021
Aphytis riyadhi | DeBach1979
Coccobius | RehmatAnKh2011
Coccobius aligarhensis | RehmatAnKh2011
Coccophagoides orientalis | RehmatAnKh2011
Encarsia aurantii | PolaszAbHu1999
Encarsia citrina | ElderSmBe1998
Encarsia elegans | RehmatAnKh2011 | (= Encarsia bifasciafacies)
Marietta leopardina | OfekHuYz1997 | (= Marietta javensis)
Marlattiella maculata | RehmatAnKh2011
Parahytis peculiaris | RosenDe1979
Pteroptrix longiclava | RehmatAnKh2011

Chrysopidae

Chrysoperla carnea | OfekHuYz1997

Coccinellidae

Chilocorus bipustulatus | OfekHuYz1997 SwirskWyIz2002
Chilocorus circumdatus | ElderBe1998
Chilocorus malasiae | ElderBe1998 | (= Chilocorus baileyi)
Stethorus gilvifrons | OfekHuYz1997

Cybocephalidae

Cybocephalus aonidiellae | KirejtFa2010

Encyrtidae

Cerapterocerus mirabilis | FallahJa2017
Comperiella bifasciata | OfekHuYz1997 SwirskWyIz2002
Comperiella lemniscata | ElderGuSm1997 ElderSmBe1998
Comperiella unifasciata | Trjapi1989
Habrolepis diaspidi | MohammGhTa2001 OfekHuYz1997 SwirskWyIz2002 | (= Habrolepis aspidiotii)
Habrolepis obscura | Prinsl1983

Hemisarcoptidae

Hemisarcoptes coccophagus | OfekHuYz1997

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 72

Andaman Islands | EFSA2022i

Angola | EFSA2022c

Antigua and Barbuda | EFSA2022i

Australia | EFSA2022c

Northern Territory | Green1914c Green1916e
Queensland | Borchs1966 Brimbl1962a

Bahamas | McKenz1946

Bangladesh | EFSA2022c

Barbados | EFSA2022i

Benin | GermaiVaMa2010

Brazil | Borchs1966

Ceara | CostaGoAr2013
Rio Grande do Sul | Lepage1938
Rio de Janeiro | Lepage1938
Santa Catarina | Lepage1938

Burma (=Myanmar) | Clause1933 DaoBeWa2018 EFSA2022c Mohamm1963

Cameroon | EFSA2022c

China | McKenz1946

Fujian (=Fukien) | EFSA2022c
Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | Borchs1966
Guangxi (=Kwangsi) | EFSA2022c
Hunan | EFSA2022c
Jiangsu (=Kiangsu) | EFSA2022c
Jiangxi (=Kiangsi) | EFSA2022c
Sichuan (=Szechwan) | EFSA2022c
Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | MartinLa2011
Yunnan | DaoBeWa2023
Zhejiang (=Chekiang) | EFSA2022c

Colombia | Kondo2001

Comoros | Balach1956 Matile1978

Cuba | Borchs1966 Houser1918 Marlat1908c McKenz1946

Curaçao | EFSA2022i

Dominican Republic | EFSA2022i

Ecuador | EFSA2022c

Egypt | EFSA2022c

Ethiopia | EFSA2022c

Federated States of Micronesia

Yap | Beards1966

French Guiana | EFSA2022i

Galapagos Islands | CaustoPeSi2006 LincanHoCa2010

Guadeloupe | MatileEt2006

Guiana | EFSA2022c GermaiDeLa2016

Haiti | PerezG2008

Hawaiian Islands

Oahu | MatsunHoKu2019

India | Green1908a Green1937 McKenz1937 McKenz1946 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1921a

Andhra Pradesh | Borchs1966 Mamet1951
Bihar | Ali1968
Gujarat | EFSA2022i
Himachal Pradesh | Verma2014
Karnataka | UsmanPu1955
Kerala | EFSA2022i
Madhya Pradesh | EFSA2022i
Maharashtra | EFSA2022i
NCT Delhi | EFSA2022i
Odisha (=Orissa) | EFSA2022i
Punjab | RahmanAn1941
Tamil Nadu | EFSA2022i
Uttar Pradesh | DuttaSi1990 Ojha2005
West Bengal | EFSA2022i

Iran | Bodenh1944a Bodenh1944b Borchs1966 Lindin1909b Moghad2004 RosenDe1979

Iraq | Bodenh1943 Borchs1966

Israel | BenDov1985 BenDovVe1983

Jamaica | Borchs1966

Kenya | DeLott1967a Newste1917b Schmut1998

Lebanon | GugliuMaMa2019

Madagascar | Balach1956 Borchs1966

Malaysia | Clause1933 Suh2016

Maldives | EFSA2022c

Mali | MuniapWaVa2012 SchneiOkNo2018

Martinique | MatileEt2006

Mexico | NormarOkMo2019 SchneiOkNo2018

Veracruz | PadillMaNa2016

Nauru | EFSA2022c

Nepal | EFSA2022c

Netherlands | JansenAl2023

Netherlands Antilles | EFSA2022i

Niger | EFSA2022

Nigeria | EFSA2022c

Oman | EFSA2022c

Pakistan | EFSA2022c

Panama | Borchs1966 McKenz1946

Papua New Guinea | WilliaWa1988

Peru | Suh2016

Philippines | Borchs1966 McKenz1946 VelasqRi1969

Luzon | Velasq1971

Puerto Rico & Vieques Island

Puerto Rico | Borchs1966 ColonFMe1998 Martor1976 McKenz1946

Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) | KinjoNaHi1996

Saint Helena | Matile1976

Saint Kitts and Nevis Islands | EFSA2022i

Saint Martin & St. Barthelemy

Saint Martin | EFSA2022i

Saudi Arabia | AlAhmeBa1991 Beccar1971 Matile1984c

Senegal | MuniapWaVa2012

Somalia | Balach1956 Borchs1966 DeLott1967a Maleno1916a

South Africa | Balach1956 Borchs1966

Sri Lanka | Borchs1966 Green1896 Green1896e Green1900a Green1905a Ramakr1921a

Sudan | EnsafInMa2016

Tanzania | DeLott1967a

Thailand | Suh2016

Trinidad and Tobago | NormarOkMo2019

U.S. Virgin Islands | Nakaha1983

United Arab Emirates | EFSA2022c

United States

Florida | BesheaTiHo1973 Borchs1966 Dekle1965c Merril1953 MerrilCh1923

Venezuela | JansenAl2023

Vietnam | Suh2016

Zambia | EFSA2022c

Keys

DaoBeWa2023: pp.1024, 1027-1028 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspididae on citrus in Indochina and southern China.]
MoghadWa2021: pp.38 ( Adult (F) ) [Aonidiella in Iran]
WeiScNo2021: pp.17-23 ( Adult (F) ) [Aspidiotini from Panama]
Hodgso2020: pp.146-147 ( Adult (M) ) [Diaspididae]
EvansWaMi2009: pp.63-67 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspididae species found on avocado]
BenDov2006: pp.55-57 ( Adult (F) ) [World (33 species)]
MillerDa2005: pp.29-35 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
Danzig1993: pp.160 ( Adult (F) ) [Europe]
WilliaWa1988: pp.35 ( Adult (F) ) [Tropical South Pacific]
Chou1985: pp.292 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of China]
Velasq1971: pp.118 ( Adult (F) ) [Philippines]
Beards1966: pp.509 ( Adult (F) ) [Federated States of Micronesia]
Balach1956: pp.26 ( Adult (F) ) [Africa]
Balach1948b: pp.360 ( Adult (F) ) [Mediterranean]
McKenz1946: pp.33 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
Ferris1942: pp.29 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
McKenz1942b: pp.144-145 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
McKenz1938: pp.17-18 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
McKenz1937a: pp.178 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
McKenz1937: pp.330 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
Robins1917: pp.24 ( Adult (F) ) [Philippine Islands]
Green1896e: pp.40 ( Adult (F) ) [Sri Lanka]

Remarks

Systematics: Aonidiella orientalis differs from A. aurantii, A. citrina, A. comperei, A. eremocitri and A. taxus in having perivulvar pores, groups of dorsal submarginal macroducts on prepygidial segments I–III, body only slightly reniform at maturity, and plates lateral to 3rd lobes each with a single fleshy process, not fringed. (Watson & Kondo, 2022a) The recent synonymy of Aonidiella narainus and A. azadirachti with A. orientalis is based on examination of the type series of A. narainus and all available material of A. azadirachti at the Natural History Museum(NHM)by Gillian W. Watson and Benjamin Normark. (Normark, et al., 2014)
Structure: As it occurs on coconut the scale of the female is quite thick, flat, circular, ranging in color from almost white to a very light brown, exuviae central, the second exuvia dark brown. Scale of the male slightly elongate oval, the yellowish exuvia near one end (Ferris, 1938a).Scale of female roughly circular, 1.44 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, flat, pinkish or light brown with subcentrally first and second larval exuviae (Dutta & Singh, 1990). first-instar nymph body oval and broadest in thoracic region. Anterior margin is undulated and sclerotized. Dorsal side is feebly convex and ventral side somewhat flat. The average of each length and width of the crawler 0.247mm and 0.147mm. Yellowish green in color. (Singh Ojha & Singh, 2019)
Biology: Occurring usually upon the foliage (Ferris, 1938a). Aonidiella orientalis reproduces sexually; adult females probably produce species-specific sex pheromone to attract adult males. Parthenogenetic and viviparous forms of reproduction were also observed. Aonidiella orientalis can have from three generations (in India) up to six generations (in Australia) each year. (EFSA2021) Females and males develop through four life stages: an egg, two larval instars and an adult. The larval instars of males are called pre-pupa and pupa. Adult males have wings and females are wingless. (EFSA2021)
Economic Importance: The oriental red scale is a highly polyphagous scale insect (see Host Plants) and widely distributed in tropical and subtropical (CABI, 1978b, and see Distribution). It has been recorded as a pest of several agricultural crops: Citrus (Rose, 1990c); Tea (Nagarkatti & Sankaran, 1990); date palm, India (Glover, 1933; Rajagopal & Krishnamoorty, 1996); date palms, Saudi Arabia (Hammad et al., 1981; Moussa, 1986); palms and ornamentals, Florida (Dekle, 1976); papaya, Queensland, Australia (Elder et al., 1998); mango, Israel (Ben-Dov & Wysoki, 1990; Swirski et al., 2002).
General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by McKenzie (1938), Ferris (1938a), Balachowsky (1948b, 1956), Velasquez (1971), Tang (1984), Chou (1985, 1986), Williams & Watson (1988) and by Colon-Ferrer & Medina-Gaud (1998).Description and illustration of adult female by Ojha (2005).Description and illustration of adult female by Dutta & Singh (1990).

Illustrations

MoghadZa2024

LucasPoDe2024

Citations

AbouEl2001: biological control, distribution, host, 185-195
AlAhmeBa1991: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 279-286
AlAnsiAlFa2020: natural enemies, 42
Ali1968: distribution, host, 132-133
BadawiAl1990: distribution, host, life history, 81-89
BaghelDu2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 76-78
Balach1948b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 362-365
Balach1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 41-42
BalikaKoPr2011: distribution, 579
Beards1966: distribution, host, 511
BeardsDaHo1976: economic importance, 106
Beccar1971: distribution, host, 193
BenDov1985: distribution, host, 186-187
BenDov2006: distribution, taxonomy, 51, 55-57
BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 28, 43
BenDovGe2003: catalog, 33, 127-135
BenDovVe1983: distribution, host, 124-125
BenDovWy1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 1242
BesheaTiHo1973: distribution, host, 4
BindraVa1972: distribution, economic importance, host, 14-24
Bodenh1943: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 3-4
Bodenh1944a: distribution, host, 81
Bodenh1944b: distribution, host, 94
Borchs1966: catalog, 297-298
Brimbl1962a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 410
CABI1978b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 1-2
CaustoPeSi2006: distribution, 137
Chou1985: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 296-298
Chou1986: illustration, taxonomy, 678
ChuaWo1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 453-552
ClapsWoGo2001a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 12
Cocker1896b: distribution, 334
Cocker1897i: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 28
CockerRo1915: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 107
ColonFMe1998: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 38-39
Comper1961a: biological control, 17-71
ComperAn1961: biological control, distribution, host, 17
CoronaRuMo1997: distribution, host, 38-41
CostaGoAr2013: distribution, host,
CostaLSaAr2024: distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, record,
DEDAC1923: distribution, host,
DahmsSm1994: biological control, distribution, host, 245-255
DaneelMeJa1994: distribution, host, 72-74
Danzig1972: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 207
Danzig1972c: distribution, host, 583
DanzigPe1998: catalog, description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 183-184
DaoBeWa2023: key, 1028
DavidsMi1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 603-632
DeBach1969a: biological control, 11-28
DeBach1979: biological control, distribution, host, 131-138
DeLott1967a: distribution, host, 112
Dekle1965c: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 21
Dekle1976: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 32
DooleySm2013: catalog, 11
Dutta1990: distribution, host, 152-163
DuttaBa1991: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 31-35
DuttaSi1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 1-6
EFSA2021: control, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 18, 24, 46-61
EFSA2021a: biology, distribution, economic importance, host, 22, 34-35, 125-127
EFSA2022c: dispersal, economic importance, 29, 43, 55, 71-77
EFSA2022i: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy,
Ebelin1949: control, distribution, host, life history,
ElShaf2012: host, 518
ElShafAbAl2017: host, 4
ElderBe1998: biological control, distribution, host, 362-365
ElderGuSm1997: biological control, distribution, host, 299-301
ElderSm1995: biological control, distribution, host, 253-254
ElderSmBe1998: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 74-79
ElsebaAh2017: distribution, host, 1072
Elwan2000: distribution, host, 653-664
EnsafInMa2016: distribution, economic control, 125-128
EtzelLe1999: biological control, 125-197
EvansWaMi2009: taxonomy, 63-67
FallahJa2017: distribution, host, natural enemies, 8, 10, 33
Fernal1903b: catalog, 268
Ferris1938a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 180
Ferris1941e: taxonomy, 42,46,48
Ferris1942: taxonomy, 29
Flande1971: biological control, life history, 857-872
Gavril2018: reproduction, 234
GermaiDeLa2016: host, list of species, 2
GermaiVaMa2010: distribution, host, 126
Ghabbo1995: taxonomy, 379-387
Ghauri1962: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 82,211
Glover1933: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 1-23
Green1896: distribution, host, taxonomy, 4
Green1896e: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 47-48
Green1900a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 69
Green1900c: distribution, host, 3
Green1905a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 341-342,344
Green1908a: distribution, host, 33
Green1914c: distribution, host, 232
Green1916e: distribution, host, 53
Green1922: distribution, host, taxonomy, 459,462-463
Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 329-332
GroveDe2017: distribution, host, 300
GroveDeDa2013: distribution, host, 377
GugliuMaMa2019: distribution, economic importance, host, list, 2, 4
Gupta2018: control, distribution, host, 153-154
Halber2000: distribution, host, 3-4
HammadKaRa1981: distribution, economic importance, host, 252-268
Hayat1989: biological control, distribution, host, 1-3
Hodgso2020: key, 147
Houser1918: distribution, host, 162
Howard1991: control, distribution, ecology, host, life history, 217-225
JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 24,33
KakotiDeRo2022: distribution, host, list, 9
Kapur1942: biological control, 49-66
Kaussa1955: distribution, host, 15
KhalafSo1993: biological control, host, life history, 11-12
KinjoNaHi1996: distribution, host, 125-127
KirejtFa2010: biological control, distribution, host, 326-329
Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 43
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 13
KonstaGu1987: distribution, host, 161
Laing1929a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 490
Lale1998: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 191-197
Leonar1898a: taxonomy, 76
Leonar1898c: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 77-80
Lepage1938: catalog, 396
LincanHoCa2010: distribution, host, 5
Lindin1908e: taxonomy, 241
Lindin1909b: distribution, host, 108
Lindin1909c: distribution, host, taxonomy, 449
Lindin1913: distribution, host, taxonomy, 73
Lindin1943b: taxonomy, 146
LucasPoDe2024: distribution, ecology, economic importance, host, illustration, record, 3
MacGil1921: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 408,419,444
Maleno1916a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 326-329
MalipaDuSm2000: biological control, 82
Mamet1951: distribution, 225
ManiKr1996: biological control, distribution, host, 273-274
Marlat1908c: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 14-15
MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, host, 37
Martor1976: distribution, host, 61,108,177,200,266
Matile1976: distribution, host, 311-312
Matile1978: distribution, host, 60
Matile1984c: distribution, host, 220-221
MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 168
MatsunHoKu2019: distribution, host, 9
McKenz1937: taxonomy, 327
McKenz1938: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 12-13,32
McKenz1939: distribution, host, taxonomy, 54-55,65-66
McKenz1942b: taxonomy, 145
McKenz1946: distribution, host, taxonomy, 32-33
Merril1953: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 14-15
MerrilCh1923: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 204-205
Meurge2011: distribution, 80
Meurge2011: distribution, 80
MillerDa1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 300
MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 58-61
Moghad2004: distribution, host, 13
Moghad2008: distribution, economic importance, host, 155-156
Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 16
MoghadWa2021: description, diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, key, natural enemies, taxonomy, 7, 38, 41-42, 240
MoghadZa2024: distribution, host, 770
Mohame2021: ecology, natural enemies,
Mohamm1963: distribution, host, taxonomy, 132
MohammGh2008: distribution, 150
MohammGhTa2001: biological control, distribution, host, 413-418
Montgo1921: distribution, host, 41-55
Moussa1986: biological control, distribution, ecology, host, life history, 227-234
MuniapWaVa2012: distribution, 37-48
NagarkSa1990: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 553-542
Nair1964: distribution, economic importance, host, 72
NairMe1963: distribution, host, 139-147
Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 8
Nakaha1983: distribution, host, 8
Newste1894c: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 26-27
Newste1917b: distribution, host, 132
NiuLiXu2024: DNA sequencing, S1 Table
NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, 12, S3
OfekHuYz1997: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 212-218
Ojha2005: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 11-14
PadillMaNa2016: distribution, host, 556
PadmanDa2003: biological control, distribution, host, 422-424
PellizPo2014: distribution, host, 5
PerezG2008: distribution, 214
PolaszAbHu1999: biological control, distribution, host, 131-163
Ponnam1999: chemical control, distribution, host, 445-451
Prinsl1983: biological control, distribution, 26
PruthiBa1960: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-113
PruthiMa1945: control, distribution, host, life history, 1-42
RahmanAn1941: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 819-821
RajagoKr1996: control, distribution, economic importance, host, 139-146
Ramakr1919a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 17
Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 357,359
Ramakr1930: distribution, host, taxonomy, 21
RamosPeKo2017: economic importance, 8139
Rao1969: biological control, 785-792
RaoCh1950: taxonomy, 28
RehmatAnKh2011: biological control, distribution,
Robins1917: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 24
RodrigNaVa2019: distribution, host, 467
Rose1990c: distribution, economic importance, 535-542
RosenDe1979: biological control, distribution, host, 238-241,464-484
RouhanVaMa2018a: distribution, host, 3
Ruther1915a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 106-107
Sander1906: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 15
Sander1909a: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 51
Sankar1984: biological control, distribution, host,
Sassce1923: distribution, host, 152-158
Schmut1969: distribution, host, 116
Schmut1990a: distribution, economic importance, host, 392,398
Schmut1998: distribution, economic importance, host, 37
Schmut2001: distribution, host, 339-345
SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 484
SchneiFiNo2019: key, taxonomy, 92
SchneiOkNo2018: phylogeny,
SchneiOkNo2018: phylogeny,
Shalab1961: distribution, host, 211-228
ShalabHaHa2000: biological control, distribution, host, 531-544
Singh1964: distribution, economic importance, host, 213
Singh2018: distribution, host, life history,
SinghOSi2019: description, illustration, morphology,
SinghSi2005: life history, 209-211
SinhaDi1984: biological control, distribution, host, 7-13
Soares1942: distribution, economic importance, host, 54-56
Soares1945: distribution, economic importance, host, 49-81
Suh2016: distribution, host, key, 322, 324
SwirskWyIz2002: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 110-111
TakagiMo2005: distribution, host, 52
Tang1984: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 39,41
Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 71
Trjapi1989: biological control, 296
UsmanPu1955: distribution, host, 48
Varshn2002: distribution, host, 21-22
Velasq1971: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 119-120
VelasqRi1969: distribution, host, 195-208
Verma2014: description, host, taxonomy, 51-57
VermaDi2005: distribution, host, 423-426
WadhiBa1964: distribution, economic importance, host, 227-260
WaltonKrSa2009: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-6
Watson2001: list, 177
Watson2021: distribution, 522
WatsonKo2022a: control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 435-437
WeiScNo2021: key, 18
Wester1918: distribution, economic importance, host, 5-57
Wester1920: distribution, host,
Willia1985a: catalog, taxonomy, 237
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 220, 228, 229, 233
WilliaWa1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 42-44
WysokiIsRo1995: biological control, life history, 267
deVill2001d: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 222-223