Valid Names Results
Ceroplastes rubens Maskell, 1893 (Coccidae: Ceroplastes)Nomenclatural History
- Ceroplastes rubens Maskell 1893b: 214. Type data: AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Brisbane, on Mangifera indica and Ficus sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand; accepted valid name
- Ceroplastes rubens minor Maskell 1897: 309. Type data: HONG KONG: on Pinus sinensis and P. thunbergii.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by GimpelMiDa1974, 57).
- Ceroplastes myricae; Green 1900c: 8. misidentification
Common Names
- pink wax scale SmithBeBr1997
- red wax scale BenDov1993 HamonWi1984
- cochenille cireuse rouge PerontKo2022
- escama de cera rubí PerontKo2022
- Rote Wachsschildlaus PerontKo2022
- rubi-ro-mushi PerontKo2022
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 84 | Genera: 193
- Acanthaceae
- Ruellia tuberosa | VithanSiHe2018
- Strobilanthes japonicus | Kuwana1923c
- Adoxaceae
- Viburnum | GimpelMiDa1974
- Amaranthaceae
- Alternanthera dentata | VithanSiHe2018
- Celosia argentea | Kuwana1923c | (= Celosia cristata)
- Anacardiaceae
- Anacardium occidentale | WilliaBu1987 WilliaWa1990
- Mangifera | BenDovMaGa2000 Kirkal1902
- Mangifera indica | Ali1971 Brimbl1956a DeLott1965a Green1909a Green1937 KinjoNaHi1996 Nakaha1981a NakahaMi1981 Newste1917b QinGu1994 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Schinus | Nakaha1981a
- Schinus terebinthifolia | Brimbl1956a WilliaWa1990 | (= Schinus terebinthifolius)
- Spondias dulcis | VithanSiHe2018
- Toxicodendron succedaneum | Kuwana1923c | (= Rhus succedanea)
- Annonaceae
- Annona squamosa | Brimbl1956a
- Apocynaceae
- Allamanda cathartica | Nakaha1981a
- Alyxia gynopogon | WilliaWa1990
- Alyxia stellata | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a WilliaWa1990 | (= Alyxia elliptica, Alyxia olivaeformis)
- Carissa macrocarpa | VithanSiHe2018 | (= Carissa grandiflorum)
- Cascabela thevetia | QinGu1994 | (= Thevetia peruviana)
- Melodinus baueri | WilliaWa1990
- Nerium oleander | WilliaWa1990
- Plumeria | Nakaha1981a
- Plumeria rubra | Brimbl1956a QinGu1994 | (= Plumeria acuminata)
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex aquifolium | Nakaha1981a
- Ilex chinensis | TakahaTa1956 | (= Ilex oldhami)
- Ilex cornuta | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a
- Ilex crenata | Suh2020
- Ilex integra | Kuwana1923c | (= Ilex othera)
- Ilex latifolia | TakahaTa1956
- Ilex pedunculosa | Kuwana1923c
- Ilex rotunda | Kuwana1923c
- Ilex serrata | TakahaTa1956
- Araceae
- Aglaonema | Jansen1995 Kondo2008 NakahaMi1981
- Aglaonema commutatum | VithanSiHe2018 MoghadNe2021 NakahaMi1981 | ssp. pseudobracteatum
- Aglaonema costatum | MatileEt2006
- Aglaonema marantifolium | VithanSiHe2018
- Aglaonema modestum | Nakaha1981a
- Aglaonema nitidum | VithanSiHe2018
- Aglaonema pictum | GimpelMiDa1974
- Aglaonema tricolor | HamonWi1984
- Anthurium | Nakaha1981a
- Anthurium andraeanum | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a
- Dieffenbachia | Nakaha1981a
- Epipremnum pinnatum | WilliaWa1990
- Monstera deliciosa | WilliaWa1990
- Philodendron | Kondo2008
- Philodendron giganteum | GimpelMiDa1974
- Rhaphidophora | HodgsoLa2011
- Syngonium | Nakaha1981a
- Zantedeschia | Nakaha1981a
- Araliaceae
- Aralia | QinGu1994
- Fatsia japonica | Kuwana1923c
- Hedera helix | Brimbl1956a GimpelMiDa1974
- Hedera rhombea | Suh2020
- Heptapleurum actinophyllum | BenDovMaGa2000 Brimbl1956a Nakaha1981a | (= Brassaia actinophylla) (= Schefflera actinophylla)
- Meryta angustifolia | WilliaWa1990
- Plerandra elegantissima | GimpelMiDa1974 HamonWi1984 | (= Aralia elegantissima, Dizygotheca elegantissima)
- Polyscias guilfoylei | VithanSiHe2018 WilliaWa1990
- Schefflera | WilliaWa1990
- Schefflera arboricola | VithanSiHe2018
- Araucariaceae
- Agathis lanceolata | MilleHeCa2016
- Arecaceae
- Arecaceae | Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930
- Cocos nucifera | WilliaWa1990
- Aspleniaceae
- Asplenium | Kirkal1902 Nakaha1981a
- Asplenium australasicum | QinGu1994
- Asplenium nidus | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a
- Asteraceae
- Artemisia vulgaris | Kuwana1923c
- Centipeda minima | Suh2020
- Chrysanthemum morifolium | Kuwana1923c | (= Chrysanthemum sinense)
- Fitchia | WilliaWa1990
- Gerbera | WilliaWa1990
- Gerbera jamesonii | Brimbl1956a
- Helianthus | GimpelMiDa1974
- Melampodium leucanthum | VithanSiHe2018
- Balsaminaceae
- Impatiens balsamina | VithanSiHe2018
- Berberidaceae
- Nandina domestica | Kuwana1923c
- Bixaceae
- Bixa orellana | Nakaha1981a
- Blechnaceae
- Blechnum orientale | WilliaWa1990
- Buxaceae
- Buxus microphylla | GimpelMiDa1974
- Calophyllaceae
- Calophyllum | Ali1971 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Calophyllum inophyllum | Ali1971 GimpelMiDa1974 WilliaWa1990
- Calophyllum tomentosum | Ali1971 Green1909a
- Mesua ferrea | VithanSiHe2018
- Cannabaceae
- Celtis | GimpelMiDa1974
- Celastraceae
- Denhamia cunninghamii | Brimbl1956a QinGu1994 | (= Celastrus cunninghamii)
- Elaeodendron | Brimbl1956a QinGu1994
- Euonymus alatus | Kuwana1923c
- Euonymus europaeus | Kuwana1923c
- Euonymus japonicus | Kuwana1923c
- Salacia chinensis | VithanSiHe2018
- Siphonodon | QinGu1994
- Cephalotaxaceae
- Cephalotaxus | GimpelMiDa1974
- Cibotiaceae
- Cibotium | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a
- Clusiaceae
- Garcinia mangostana | VithanSiHe2018
- Garcinia morella | VithanSiHe2018
- Garcinia myrtifolia | HodgsoLa2011
- Garcinia spicata | Ali1971 Green1909a Green1937
- Garcinia subelliptica | TaoWoCh1983
- Montrouziera | WilliaWa1990
- Montrouziera cauliflora | MilleHeCa2016
- Cucurbitaceae
- Cucurbitaceae | WilliaWa1990
- Cunoniaceae
- Weinmannia samoensis | WilliaWa1990 | (= Weinmannia rarotongensis )
- Cycadaceae
- Cycas | GermaiMiPa2014 GimpelMiDa1974
- Cycas circinalis | VithanSiHe2018
- Cycas media | VithanSiHe2018
- Cycas revoluta | Ali1971 Green1909a Green1937 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Davalliaceae
- Davallia | WilliaWa1990
- Dryopteridaceae
- Elaphoglossum crassifolium | Nakaha1981a Zimmer1948 | (= Elaphoglossum reticulatum)
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros digyna | QinGu1994
- Diospyros kaki | GimpelMiDa1974
- Elaeocarpaceae
- Elaeocarpus bifidus | Nakaha1981a
- Elaeocarpus sylvestris | Suh2020
- Ericaceae
- Rhododendron indicum | Kuwana1923c
- Euphorbiaceae
- Euphorbia | QinGu1994
- Euphorbia heterophylla | Brimbl1956a
- Euphorbia pulcherrima | WilliaWa1990
- Mallotus japonicus | Suh2020
- Fabaceae
- Acacia | GimpelMiDa1974 QinGu1994
- Cytisus scoparius | Kuwana1923c
- Dioclea violacea | Nakaha1981a
- Inocarpus fagifer | WilliaWa1990
- Spartium junceum | Kuwana1923c
- Fagaceae
- Quercus myrsinifolia | Suh2020
- Gesneriaceae
- Saintpaulia ionantha | VithanSiHe2018
- Gleicheniaceae
- Dicranopteris flexuosa | NakahaMi1981
- Gleichenia | WilliaWa1990
- Hamamelidaceae
- Distylium racemosum | Suh2020
- Heliconiaceae
- Heliconia | WilliaWa1990
- Hernandiaceae
- Hernandia nymphaeifolia | WilliaWa1990 | (= Hernandia peltata)
- Hydrangeaceae
- Hydrangea paniculata | VithanSiHe2018
- Hypoxidaceae
- Molineria capitulata | MatileEt2006 Nakaha1981a | (= Curculigo capitulata, Molineria recurvata)
- Iridaceae
- Iris domestica | VithanSiHe2018
- Lamiaceae
- Premna | WilliaWa1990
- Lauraceae
- Cinnamomum | Ali1971 DeLott1965a Green1909a Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930
- Cinnamomum japonicum | Kuwana1923c | (= Cinnamomum pedunculatum)
- Cinnamomum loureiroi | Suh2020
- Cinnamomum verum | Ali1971 DeLott1965a | (= Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cinnamomum ceylonicum)
- Cryptocarya triplinervis | QinGu1994
- Laurus nobilis | TakahaTa1956
- Lindera citriodora | Kuwana1923c
- Machilus thunbergii | TakahaTa1956
- Neolitsea sericea | Suh2020
- Persea americana | Ali1971 Brimbl1956a Nakaha1981a WilliaBu1987 PerontKo2022 | (= Persea gratissima),
- Lecythidaceae
- Barringtonia asiatica | WilliaWa1990 | (= Barringtonia butonica)
- Barringtonia racemosa | DeLott1965a GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a
- Loranthaceae
- Loranthus | GimpelMiDa1974
- Lythraceae
- Lagerstroemia indica | MilleHeCa2016
- Punica granatum | Brimbl1956a
- Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia salicifolia | GimpelMiDa1974
- Malvaceae
- Hibiscus mutabilis | VithanSiHe2018
- Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | MilleHeCa2016
- Hibiscus tiliaceus | WilliaWa1990
- Melastomataceae
- Astronidium robustum | WilliaWa1990
- Miconia gigantea | GimpelMiDa1974
- Monimiaceae
- Wilkiea macrophylla | Brimbl1956a
- Moraceae
- Artocarpus | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Artocarpus altilis | Nakaha1981a
- Artocarpus heterophyllus | WilliaWa1990 | (= Artocarpus integra)
- Ficus | Green1937 Kirkal1902 Nakaha1981a
- Ficus amplissima | Brimbl1956a | (= Ficus indica)
- Ficus benjamina | Brimbl1956a
- Ficus carica | Brimbl1956a
- Ficus citrifolia | Kuwana1923c | (= Ficus foveolata)
- Ficus microcarpa | Brimbl1956a | ssp. hillii
- Ficus montana | WilliaMi2010
- Ficus prolixa | WilliaWa1990
- Maclura cochinchinensis | GimpelMiDa1974 | (= Cudrania javanensis)
- Morus alba | Brimbl1956a Kuwana1923c
- Musaceae
- Musa acuminata | Brimbl1956a | (= Musa nana)
- Musa paradisiaca | QinGu1994 WilliaWa1990
- Myristicaceae
- Myristica cagayanensis | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983 | (= Myristica heterophylla)
- Myristica fragrans | WilliaWa1990
- Myrtaceae
- Acca sellowiana | WilliaWa1990 | (= Feijoa sellowiana)
- Agonis flexuosa | Brimbl1956a
- Callistemon | QinGu1994
- Callistemon viminalis | QinGu1994
- Calyptranthes kiaerskovii | MalumpBaCo2019
- Calyptranthes thomasiana | MalumpBaCo2019
- Eucalyptus | Brimbl1956a Nakaha1981a
- Eucalyptus globulus | Kuwana1923c
- Eugenia | Ali1971 Green1909a Nakaha1981a QinGu1994 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930
- Eugenia uniflora | Brimbl1956a
- Lophostemon confertus | QinGu1994 | (= Tristania conferta)
- Melaleuca | Laing1933 QinGu1994 WilliaWa1990
- Melaleuca bracteata | QinGu1994
- Melaleuca leucadendra | Brimbl1956a QinGu1994
- Melaleuca nodosa | Brimbl1956a
- Melaleuca quinquenervia | QinGu1994
- Melaleuca viridiflora | Brimbl1956a QinGu1994
- Metrosideros | Nakaha1981a
- Metrosideros collina | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a
- Pimenta dioica | WilliaWa1990 | (= Pimenta officinalis)
- Psidium guajava | Ali1971 Brimbl1956a GimpelMiDa1974 QinGu1994 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Psidium guineense | QinGu1994
- Rhodomyrtus tomentosa | GimpelMiDa1974 QinGu1994
- Syzygium | BenDovMaGa2000
- Syzygium aqueum | Nakaha1981a
- Syzygium australe | QinGu1994 | (= Eugenia australis)
- Syzygium cumini | QinGu1994 WilliaWa1990 | (= Eugenia jambolana, Eugenia cumini)
- Syzygium floribundum | Brimbl1956a | (= Eugenia ventenatii)
- Syzygium jambos | Ali1971 Nakaha1981a QinGu1994 | (= Eugenia jambos)
- Syzygium malaccense | VithanSiHe2018 | (= Eugenia malaccensis)
- Syzygium moorei | QinGu1994
- Syzygium oleosum | Brimbl1956a | (= Eugenia coolminiana)
- Syzygium samarangense | TaoWoCh1983 | (= Eugenia javanica)
- Syzygium smithii | Brimbl1956a QinGu1994 | (= Eugenia smithii)
- Nephrolepidaceae
- Arthropteris palisotii | WilliaWa1990
- Nephrolepis exaltata | QinGu1994 VithanSiHe2018
- Nyctaginaceae
- Bougainvillea | Nakaha1981a
- Oleaceae
- Ligustrum japonicum | Kuwana1923c
- Olea europaea | WilliaWa1990 | ssp. cuspidata (= Olea verrucosa)
- Orchidaceae
- Grammatophyllum | GimpelMiDa1974
- Stanhopea | Nakaha1981a
- Pentaphylacaceae
- Cleyera japonica | Kuwana1923c TakahaTa1956 | (= Cleyera ochnacea)
- Eurya emarginata | Kuwana1923c
- Eurya japonica | Kuwana1923c TakahaTa1956 | (= Eurya ochnacea)
- Ternstroemia japonica | Kuwana1923c
- Phyllanthaceae
- Antidesma | Nakaha1981a
- Antidesma bunius | VithanSiHe2018
- Bischofia javanica | TaoWoCh1983
- Pinaceae
- Cedrus deodara | VithanSiHe2018
- Pinus | Nakaha1981a
- Pinus caribaea | WilliaWa1990
- Pinus densiflora | Kuwana1923c
- Pinus elliottii | Brimbl1956a
- Pinus montezumae | Brimbl1956a
- Pinus parviflora | GimpelMiDa1974
- Pinus radiata | Brimbl1956a
- Pinus tabuliformis | Maskel1897a | (= Pinus sinensis)
- Pinus taeda | Brimbl1956a QinGu1994
- Pinus thunbergii | Maskel1897a
- Piperaceae
- Macropiper excelsum | WilliaWa1990
- Peperomia | Nakaha1981a
- Piper | WilliaWa1990
- Pittosporaceae
- Pittosporum | Nakaha1981a QinGu1994
- Pittosporum bracteolatum | WilliaWa1990
- Pittosporum tobira | Kuwana1923c
- Pittosporum undulatum | Brimbl1956a
- Podocarpaceae
- Nageia nagi | Kuwana1923c | (= Podocarpus nageia)
- Podocarpus | Jansen1995
- Polygonaceae
- Coccoloba uvifera | WilliaWa1990
- Polypodiaceae
- Belvisia | WilliaWa1990
- Microsorum scolopendria | DeLott1965a | (= Phymatodes scolopendria)
- Platycerium bifurcatum | Brimbl1956a
- Polypodium | GimpelMiDa1974
- Primulaceae
- Ardisia humilis | WilliaWa1990
- Ardisia japonica | Kuwana1923c
- Myrsine | Nakaha1981a
- Myrsine ralstoniae | WilliaWa1990 | (= Rapanea crassifolia)
- Pteridaceae
- Acrostichum | Mamet1943a
- Acrostichum aureum | WilliaWa1990
- Aspidotis | QinGu1994
- Pellaea | GimpelMiDa1974
- Rhizophoraceae
- Rhizophora | GimpelMiDa1974
- Rosaceae
- Chaenomeles | GimpelMiDa1974
- Eriobotrya japonica | Kuwana1923c
- Malus | GimpelMiDa1974
- Malus sylvestris | Brimbl1956a
- Photinia glabra | Kuwana1923c
- Prunus domestica | Kuwana1923b
- Prunus mume | Kuwana1923c
- Pyrus communis | Ali1971
- Pyrus pyrifolia | Kuwana1923c | (= Pyrus serotina)
- Spiraea thunbergii | TakahaTa1956
- Rubiaceae
- Atractocarpus fitzalanii | Brimbl1956a | (= Randia fitzalanii)
- Coffea | DanzigKo1990
- Coffea arabica | Brimbl1956a
- Gardenia | Brimbl1956a Nakaha1981a
- Gardenia jasminoides | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a
- Gardenia taitensis | Nakaha1981a | (= Randia tahitensis)
- Ixora | Brimbl1956a NakahaMi1981
- Ixora chinensis | VithanSiHe2018
- Ixora coccinea | NakahaMi1981
- Paederia foetida | Kuwana1923c | (= Paederia tomentosa)
- Psychotria | Ali1971 Green1909a Nakaha1981a | (= Straussia)
- Randia | WilliaWa1990
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | Ali1971 Ferris1921a Ferris1950a Hall1924a KomuraMiMi1982 Nakaha1981a QinGu1994 ShafeeYoKh1989 SmithBeBr1997
- Citrus aurantiifolia | WilliaBu1987 WilliaWa1990
- Citrus aurantium | Brimbl1956a Newste1917b WilliaWa1990
- Citrus deliciosa | GimpelMiDa1974
- Citrus glauca | Brimbl1956a | (= Eremocitrus glauca)
- Citrus limon | Brimbl1956a QinGu1994 WilliaWa1990
- Citrus maxima | VithanSiHe2018
- Citrus paradisi | Brimbl1956a DanzigKo1990 WilliaWa1990
- Citrus reticulata | Brimbl1956a GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a QinGu1994
- Citrus sinensis | VithanSiHe2018
- Citrus trifoliata | Kuwana1923c | (= Poncirus trifoliata)
- Citrus unshiu | Suh2020 TakahaTa1956
- Flindersia australis | Brimbl1956a
- Flindersia bennettii | Brimbl1956a | (= Flindersia bennetiana, Flindersia bennettiana)
- Flindersia bourjotiana | Brimbl1956a
- Flindersia brayleyana | Brimbl1956a
- Flindersia schottiana | Brimbl1956a
- Melicope | Nakaha1981a | (= Pelea)
- Melicope littoralis | WilliaWa1990 | (= Euodia littoralis)
- Rutaceae | DanzigKo1990
- Santalaceae
- Exocarpos phyllanthoides | WilliaWa1990
- Santalum album | VithanSiHe2018
- Sapindaceae
- Acer buergerianum | Kuwana1923c | (= Acer trificum)
- Acer palmatum | TakahaTa1956
- Acer tataricum | Kuwana1923c | (= Acer ginnala)
- Cupaniopsis serrata | Brimbl1956a
- Dimocarpus longan | Ali1971 QinGu1994 TaoWoCh1983 | (= Euphoria longana)
- Litchi | DanzigKo1990 GimpelMiDa1974
- Litchi chinensis | QinGu1994 | (= Nephelium litchi)
- Nephelium lappaceum | WilliaWa1990
- Nephelium ramboutan-ake | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Sapotaceae
- Chrysophyllum caniote | VithanSiHe2018
- Manilkara zapota | VithanSiHe2018
- Palaquium formosanum | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Pouteria | GimpelMiDa1974 | (= Calocarpum)
- Pouteria caimito | QinGu1994
- Sersalisia sericea | QinGu1994 | (= Pouteria sericea)
- Schisandraceae
- Illicium anisatum | Kuwana1923c
- Kadsura japonica | GimpelMiDa1974
- Solanaceae
- Solanum macrocarpon | VithanSiHe2018
- Symplocaceae
- Symplocos japonica | Kuwana1923c
- Tamaricaceae
- Tamarix chinensis | Kuwana1923c
- Theaceae
- Camellia japonica | GimpelMiDa1974 | (= Camellia rusticana)
- Camellia sasanqua | GimpelMiDa1974
- Camellia sinensis | Ali1971 Green1909a Green1937 QinGu1994 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 WilliaWa1990
- Thymelaeaceae
- Daphne odora | Kuwana1923c
- Zingiberaceae
- Alpinia purpurata | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a
- Zingiber officinale | Nakaha1981a
Foes:
Families: 13 | Genera: 19
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus ceroplastae | Bartle1978 MalipaDuSm2000 Yasuma1953 | (= Aneristus ceroplastae)
- Coccophagus japonicus | Gahan1926
- Araneidae
- Neoscona theisi | BiQiSo2022
- Clubionidae
- Clubiona reichini | BiQiSo2022
- Coccinellidae
- Harmonia axyridis | BiQiSo2022
- Encyrtidae
- Anicetus annulatus | Bartle1978
- Anicetus beneficus | Bartle1978 Suh2019b
- Anicetus rarisetus | XuHe1997
- Anicetus rubensi | XuHe1997
- Encyrtus infelix | MilleHeCa2016
- Metaphycus | TavareSaDa2019
- Metaphycus bowensis | TavareSaDa2019
- Metaphycus gerardi | TavareSaDa2019
- Metaphycus varius | TavareSaDa2019
- Microterys kotinskyi | Bartle1978
- Eulophidae
- Aprostocetus ceroplastae | TaoChYa2003 | (= Tetrastichus ceroplastae)
- Linyphiidae
- Hylyphantes graminicola | BiQiSo2022 | (= Erigonidium graminicolum)
- Nectriaceae
- Fusarium | ZengWaCh1990
- Pteromalidae
- Cephaleta brunniventris | TaoChYa2003 | (= Anysis saissetiae)
- Moranila | Bartle1978
- Moranila californica | Bartle1978
- Scutellista caerulea | Bartle1978 | (= Scutellista cyanea)
- Rubiaceae
- Kadua | Nakaha1981a | (= Gouldia)
- Tetragnathidae
- Tetragnatha maxillosa | BiQiSo2022
- Theridiidae
- Coleosoma octomaculatum | BiQiSo2022 | (= Theridion octomaculatum)
- Enoplognatha caricis | BiQiSo2022 | (= Enoplognatha japonica)
- Thomisidae
- Misumenops tricuspidatus | BiQiSo2022
Associates:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Ophiocordycipitaceae
- Ophiocordycipitaceae | DengYuWa2021
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 58
- Andaman Islands | PerontKo2022
- Australia | Cocker1896b DanzigKo1990 Frogga1915 Mamet1943a QinGu1994
- Australian Capital Territory | QinGu1994
- New South Wales | QinGu1994 SmithBeBr1997
- Northern Territory | QinGu1994
- Queensland | BenDovMaGa2000 QinGu1994 SmithBeBr1997
- Victoria | QinGu1994
- Western Australia | QinGu1994
- British Virgin Islands | MalumpBaCo2019
- Burma (=Myanmar) | Varshn1992
- China | Mamet1943a
- Anhui (=Anhwei) | EFSA2021j
- Fujian (=Fukien) | WuWa2019
- Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | EFSA2021j
- Guangxi (=Kwangsi) | LiuXuFa2019
- Guizhou (=Kweichow) | EFSA2021j
- Hainan | EFSA2021j
- Hebei (=Hopei) | EFSA2021j
- Henan (=Honan) | HuHeWa1992
- Hunan | HuHeWa1992
- Jiangsu (=Kiangsu) | WuWa2019
- Jiangxi (=Kiangsi) | EFSA2021j
- Qinghai (=Chinghai) | EFSA2021j
- Shanghai | WuWa2019
- Shanxi (=Shansi) | Xie1998
- Sichuan (=Szechwan) | WuWa2019
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | MartinLa2011
- Xizang (=Tibet) | Tang1991
- Yunnan | Ali1971 Ferris1950a
- Zhejiang (=Chekiang) | WuWa2019
- Christmas Island | NeumanODGu2016
- Cocos (=Keeling) Islands | PerontKo2022
- Colombia | Kondo2008
- Cook Islands | Bigger1988
- Costa Rica | JansenAl2023
- Egypt | Hall1924a
- Ethiopia | PerontKo2022
- Fiji | HodgsoPe2012
- French Polynesia | HamonWi1984
- Tahiti | HamonWi1984
- Germany | Schonf2015
- Guadeloupe | MatileEt2006
- Guam | HamonWi1984
- Haiti | PerezG2008
- Hawaiian Islands
- Hawaii | Frogga1915 Kirkal1902 Kirkal1904 Mamet1943a
- Hungary | KozarKoFe2013
- India | Ali1971 AvasthSh1986 Green1908a Mamet1943a Newste1917b Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 | Kalsho1981 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Andhra Pradesh | Varshn1992
- Assam | Varshn1992
- Bihar | PerontKo2022
- Karnataka | PrakasPa2015
- Kerala | Varshn1992
- Odisha (=Orissa) | Varshn1992
- Tamil Nadu | Varshn1992
- West Bengal | Varshn1992
- Indonesia
- Java | HamonWi1984
- Sumatra | PerontKo2022
- Iran | MoghadNe2021
- Jamaica | PerontKo2022
- Japan | Frogga1915 KomuraMiMi1982 Kuwana1917 Mamet1943a
- Honshu | PerontKo2022
- Kyushu | PerontKo2022
- Kenya | DeLott1965a
- Kiribati | WilliaWa1990
- Laos |
- Malaysia | Ali1971
- Maldives | WatsonOoGi1995
- Martinique | MatileEt2006
- New Caledonia | Laing1929
- Nicobar Islands | PerontKo2022
- Niue | PerontKo2022
- Norfolk Island | QinGu1994
- North Korea | PerontKo2022
- Northern Mariana Islands | Mamet1943a
- Rota Island | HamonWi1984
- Saipan Island | HamonWi1984
- Palau | BenDov1993
- Papua New Guinea | Bigger1988
- Philippines | Ali1971 Mamet1943a
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | NakahaMi1981
- Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014
- Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) | KinjoNaHi1996
- Seychelles | CABI1960b
- Solomon Islands | CABI1960b
- South Africa | DaneelMeJa1994 DeLott1965a
- South Korea | ESKSAE1994 KwonHaCh2005
- Sri Lanka | Ali1971 Frogga1915 Green1909a Green1937 Mamet1943a
- Sudan | PerontKo2022
- Taiwan | Ali1971 Ferris1921a Mamet1943a WongChCh1999
- Tanzania | HodgsoPe2012
- Thailand | Ali1971 Suh2023
- Trinidad and Tobago | PerontKo2022
- United States
- Florida | HamonWi1984
- Vanuatu (=New Hebrides) | WilliaBu1987
- Vietnam | DanzigKo1990
- Western Samoa | Kondo2013 | PerontKo2022
- Zanzibar | DeLott1965a Mamet1943a Newste1917b
Keys
- JoshiBhPo2021: pp.568 ( Adult (F) ) [Indian species of Ceroplastes]
- MoghadNe2021: pp.177 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes in Iran]
- WuWa2019: pp.521 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes in China]
- ChoiSoLe2018: pp.6-7 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae in Laos]
- MohammMo2013: pp.146-148 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species and subspecies of family coccidae in Egypt]
- HodgsoPe2012: pp.90 ( ) []
- FetykoKo2012: pp.293 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Ceroplastes in the Palaearctic Region based on slide-mounted adult females]
- LeeWuSu2012: pp.159-160 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the wax tests of adult females Ceroplastes in Korea]
- LeeWuSu2012: pp.160 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to slide mounted adult females Ceroplastes in Korea]
- HodgsoWiGi2009: pp.102-104 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes species of South Africa]
- Hodges2002b: pp.208 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes species of Florida]
- Tang1991: pp.297 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
- WilliaWa1990: pp.65 ( Adult (F) ) [Tropical South Pacific]
- HamonWi1984: pp.18 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Florida]
- TaoWoCh1983: pp.93 ( Adult (F) ) [Taiwan]
- Kawai1980: pp.166 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
- GimpelMiDa1974: pp.19 ( Adult (F) ) [USA]
- Beards1966: pp.480 ( Adult (F) ) [Micronesia]
- Borchs1957: pp.451 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic region]
- Green1909a: pp.273-274 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceylon]
Remarks
- Systematics: GeneBank Accession No. AB439530 (Yokogawa & Yahara, 2009).
Subfamily: Ceroplasinae (Choi & Lee, 2019)
Ben-Dov et al. (2001) revised and evaluated earlier taxonomic descriptions of the adult female and provided an updated taxonomic description. Deng, et al. (2012) determined DNA COI barcoding sequences for six Chinese Ceroplastes species. Ceroplastes rubens generated a distinct COI sequence. GenBank Accessions JQ795609-JQ795722. 28S DNA sequences: GenBank Accessions JQ795495-JQ795608. Ceroplastes rubens is most similar to C. reunionensis, but C. rubens has 4 rows of stimatic setae and a worldwide distribution, whereas C. reunionensis has 5 rows of stigmatic setae and is only known from the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean. (Choi, et al., 2018) C. rubens emits a sour, sweet, and woody odor similar to those identified in C. japonicus. (Sakurai, et al., 2020)
- Structure: Colour photograph of external appearance of live, adult female by Kawai (1980, Fig. 6.59), Hamon & Williams (1984), Wong et al. (1988), Kondo (2008) and by Vithana, et al., 2018.. Body covered with reddish brown wax without a distinct dorsal horn at maturity. (Choi, et al., 2018) In dorsal view, they appear sub-rectangular or oval; they may grow to over 3.1 mm in diameter. Adult males are much smaller and have one pair of wings. The pink eggs are laid under the adult female’s body, protected by the waxy test. The first-instar crawlers are pink and have functional legs. The second- and third-instar nymphs secrete clumps of wax over themselves, giving them a star-like appearance. (Vithana, et al, 2018)
- Biology: Life history in Japan studied by Kuwana (1923a, 1923c). Smith et al. (1997) reported 2 generations per year in Queensland and Northern Territory, Australia. Tanaka (1953) evaluated the suitability of 15 cultivars of potatoes for laboratory rearing of this wax scale. Ohgushi & Nishino (1975) studied the life tables in Japan. Mitsuhashi et al. (1956) described several methods for distinguishing between dead and live scale after treatment with hydrogen cyanide. Biology and pest status on coffee presented by Le Pelley (1968). Loch & Zalucki (1996; 1997; 1998) studied various aspects of the outbreaks on umbrella trees, Schefflera actinophylla in south-eastern Queensland, Australia.
- Economic Importance: A major pest of citrus in Australia (Sabine, 1969), Hawaii and Japan (Ebeling, 1959). Gimpel et al. (1974). Not regulated in the EU. Ceroplastes rubens has been intercepted on bonsai plants of Ilex from China in 2018 and on other tropical plants destined to the UK, the Netherlands, Hungary and Germany. (EFSA2021j) The scale was found in Hungary (greenhouse in Budapest Botanical Garden) on plants of Schefflera sp. in 2012 and in Germany (greenhouse in Brandenburg). However, there is no information whether the scales were eradicated or acclimatized. (EFSA2021j) Loch & Zalucki (1996; 1997; 1998) studied various aspects of the outbreaks on umbrella trees, Schefflera actinophylla in south-eastern Queensland, Australia.
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Zimmerman (1948), Gimpel et al. (1974), Tao et al. (1983), Hamon & Williams (1984) and by Williams & Watson (1990), Tang (1991) and by Ben-Dov et al. (2001).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 29
- Ali1971: distribution, host, 18
- AvasthSh1986: taxonomy, 334
- BalciuBuPu1995: biological control, 247-267
- Bartle1978: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 58-59
- Beards1966: distribution, host, taxonomy, 480,482
- Beatti1993: taxonomy, 1-19
- BenDov1993: catalog, 49-51
- BenDovMaGa2000: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 423-433
- BennetRoCo1976: biological control, economic importance, 359-395
- BiQiSo2022: control, natural enemies,
- Borchs1957: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 468-471
- Boyce1948: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- Brimbl1956a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 164-166
- Brimbl1962: distribution, economic importance, host, 225
- Brown1975: taxonomy, 275
- Butani1979: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 36-40
- CABI1960b: distribution, 1-2
- CamachCh2015: biological control, host, life history, 4, 6, 11, 14
- ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
- ChoiSoLe2018: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 18-19
- Chou1947a: chemical control, 37
- Clause1958: biological control, 291-310
- Cocker1896b: distribution, 331
- Cocker1898r: distribution, 240
- Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 394
- Daneel2001a: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 214-216
- DaneelMeJa1994: distribution, host, 72
- DanzigKo1990: distribution, host, 43
- DeBach1958a: biological control, 759-768
- DeLott1965a: distribution, host, 187
- DeitzTo1980: taxonomy, 30-31
- Dekle2001: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 237
- DengLiCh2016: economic importance, 2
- DengYuWa2021: illustration, symbionts, 4
- DengYuZh2012: distribution, molecular data, taxonomy, 791-796
- DoaneFe1916: distribution, host, 399
- EFSA2021j: economic importance, 33
- EFSA2022c: dispersal, economic importance, 30-31, 43, 55, 94-104
- ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 111
- Ebelin1959: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy,
- ElliotOhWy1998: distribution, economic importance, host,
- Fernal1903b: 156
- Ferris1921a: distribution, host, 212
- Ferris1950a: distribution, host, 75
- FetykoKo2012: distribution, taxonomy, 291-295
- Frogga1915: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 422-423
- FrohliRo1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-10
- Gahan1926: biological control, distribution, host, 24
- GaleCaDi2022: distribution, host, 5
- GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, host, 22
- GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
- GimpelMiDa1974: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 57-62
- Green1900c: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 8-9
- Green1908a: distribution, 32
- Green1909a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 273-274
- Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 310
- GroveDe2017: distribution, host, 300
- GroveDeDa2013: distribution, host, 378
- Hall1924a: distribution, host, 26
- HamonWi1984: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, key, life history, taxonomy, 30-32
- Hawkin1994: biological control, 3
- Hodges2002b: taxonomy, 208
- HodgsoHe2000: taxonomy, 192
- HodgsoLa2011: distribution, host, 19
- HodgsoPe2012: description, distribution, host, illustration, structure, taxonomy, 93-96,242
- HodgsoWiGi2009: taxonomy, 102-104
- HouWeZh2023: phylogeny, 343, 344, 346
- HuHeWa1992: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 184
- Hui1988: biological control, 395-398
- Ishii1923: biological control, distribution, host, 69-114
- Jansen1995: distribution, host, taxonomy, 133
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 23
- JiangGu1983: biological control, distribution, host, 249-250
- JoshiBhPo2021: key, 568
- KakotiDeRo2022: host, 2
- Kalsho1981: description, distribution, host, 164
- Kato1964: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 61-64
- Kawai1972: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 11
- Kawai1980: distribution, host, taxonomy, 169
- KimMoPa1979: biological control, distribution, host, 107-110
- KinjoNaHi1996: distribution, host, 126
- Kiritc1932a: taxonomy, 248-
- Kirkal1902: distribution, host, 104
- Kirkal1904: distribution, taxonomy, 228
- KomuraMiMi1982: distribution, host, structure, taxonomy, 3053-3054
- Kondo2008: distribution, host, taxonomy, 66-68
- Kondo2010: distribution, host, 41-44
- Kondo2013: distribution, host, 45
- KondoMu2016: distribution, host, illustration, 9
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 9
- Kono1932: chemistry, distribution, economic importance, structure, 1150-1160
- KozarKoFe2013: distribution, taxonomy, 52
- KozarWa1985: catalog, 76
- Krull2004: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 1-211
- KrullBa2005: biological control, 323-329
- Kuwana1909: distribution, host, 153
- Kuwana1917: distribution, host, taxonomy, 65-67
- Kuwana1923: distribution, host, life history,
- Kuwana1923b: biological control, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 18-34
- KwonHaCh2005: distribution, host, 52-60
- Laing1927: distribution, host, 37
- Laing1933: distribution, host, 676
- LePell1968: distribution, economic importance, host,
- LeeWuSu2012: distribution, host, 158
- LinGuCo2010: host plant, species richness, 90-98
- LiuChCh2020: DNA sequencing, phylogenetics,
- LiuXuFa2019: distribution, host,
- Loch1997: biological control, distribution, host, 303-306
- LochZa1996: distribution, ecology, economic importance, host, life history, 599-609
- LochZa1997: distribution, ecology, economic importance, host, life history, 399-407
- LochZa1998: biological control, distribution, ecology, economic importance, host, life history, 328-334
- LondonKoCa2014: distribution, host, illustration, 265, 269
- LuHuDe2023: DNA, phylogenetics,
- MalipaDuSm2000: biological control, 60,67
- MalumpBaCo2019: distribution, host, illustration, 196
- Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 151
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, 34
- Maskel1893b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 214-215
- Maskel1895a: distribution, host, 12
- Maskel1897: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 309
- MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 164
- Meurge2011: distribution, 80
- MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, natural enemies, 132
- MillerRuPa2014: 65
- MitsuhYaNa1956: chemistry, economic importance, 162-170
- MoghadNe2021: description, distribution, host, illustration, key, 177-179
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 149
- MohammMo2013: illustration, taxonomy, 146, 151
- Mohara1990: taxonomy, 48
- Morris1920: distribution, host, taxonomy, 188
- MullenScNo2016: DNA sequencing, genetics, phylogeny, 208
- Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, 389
- NakahaMi1981: distribution, host, 29-30
- NeumanODGu2016: ant association, dispersal, distribution, host, 159-166
- Newste1917b: distribution, host, 129
- Ohgush1956: biological control, 183-186
- Ohgush1986a: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 59-62
- Ohgush1986b: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 147-149
- Ohgush1987a: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 82-85
- Ohgush1988: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 75-77
- OhgushNi1975: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 1-21
- Paik1978: distribution, economic importance, host,
- ParidaMo1982: taxonomy, 19
- PerezG2008: distribution, 212
- PerontKo2022: control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 241-242
- PrakasPa2015: distribution,
- QinGu1994: taxonomy, 937-941
- QinGu1995: taxonomy, 302
- QinGuBe1994: taxonomy, 541-549
- Ramakr1919a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 30
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 346
- Ramakr1930: distribution, host, illustration, 40
- RossHaOk2012: phylogeny, taxonomy, 199
- Roush1981: biological control, 97-105
- Sabine1969: chemical control, 83-88
- SakuraToYa2020: chemistry,
- SchowaWiPr2014: ecology, 96-97
- ShafeeYoKh1989: distribution, host, 48
- SinhaDi1984: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 11
- Smith1974: chemical control, distribution, host, 225-226
- SmithBeBr1997: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 53-55
- Stimme1987: distribution, host, 9-10
- Su1982: distribution, 61
- Suh2019b: natural enemies, 3
- Suh2020: distribution, host, illustration, 4-14, 18, 26
- Suh2023: distribution, host, 4
- SuhBo2015: distribution, host, list, 2
- Sweetm1958: biological control, economic importance, 449-458
- Takagi2003b: biological control, distribution, host, 351-355
- Takaha1928: distribution, host, 345
- Takaha1929: distribution, host, 67
- Takaha1932a: distribution, host, 104
- Takaha1936c: distribution, host, 117
- Takaha1939b: distribution, host, 264
- Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 30
- Takaha1952: distribution, host, 17
- TamakiKa1967: chemistry, structure, 63-69
- Tanaka1953: distribution, host, illustration, 55,58
- Tang1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 96-97
- Tang1984b: distribution, host, 128
- Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 300-301
- Tao1978: distribution, host, 79
- Tao1989: catalog, distribution, host, 59
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 52
- TaoChYa2003: biological control, distribution, host, 38-41
- TaoWoCh1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 94-97
- TavareSaDa2019: natural enemies, 4
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 80
- Varshn1994: distribution, host, 341
- VarshnMo1987: distribution, host, 172
- VithanSiHe2018: distribution, host,
- Wang1980: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 20-22
- Wang1981TC: distribution, host, 288
- Watana1958: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 515-517
- Waterh1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 156-171
- Watson2021: distribution, 521
- WatsonOoGi1995: distribution, host, 57
- WenLuHa2002: distribution, host, 56-64
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 214
- WilliaBu1987: distribution, host, 93
- WilliaMi2010: host, 45
- WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 76-78
- WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 10,47
- WuWa2019: biology, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key, 521, 527, 531
- XiaZhSu2005: biological control, distribution, host, 439-442
- Xie1998: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 40-42
- XieXuZh2004a: chemistry, 512-518
- XieXuZh2005a: infra-red, taxonomy, wax, 133-143
- XieXuZh2006a: chemistry, morphology, wax secretion, 21-153
- XuHe1997: biological control, distribution, host, 91-94
- Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 187
- Yasuma1953: biological control, distribution, life history, 17-26
- Yasuma1953a: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 7-15
- Yasuma1969: biological control, 773-780
- YasumaNa1957: ecology, life history, 203-219
- YokogaYa2009: genebank, molecular data, phylogeny, 57-66
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 155
- ZchoriBePo2005: Cardinium, endosymbionts, 211-221
- ZengWaCh1990: biological control, 93
- Zimmer1948: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 343-347
