Valid Names Results

Pulvinaria psidii Maskell, 1893 (Coccidae: Pulvinaria)

Nomenclatural History

Pulvinaria psidii Maskell 1893b: 223. Type data: HAWAII [=SANDWICH ISLANDS]: on Psidium sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
Pulvinaria cupaniae Cockerell 1893m: 159. Type data: JAMAICA: Kingston, on Cupania edulis.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Green1909, 265).
Pulvinaria psidii philippina Cockerell 1905f: 132. Type data: PHILIPPINES: Lucena, Tayabas, on Ficus sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Morris1920, 185).
Pulvinaria darwiniensis Froggatt 1915: 414. Type data: AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory, Palmerson, on palm.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (QinGu1992,144). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by QinGu1992, 144).
Lecanium vacuolatum Dash 1916: 42. nomen nudum
Pulvinaria cussoniae Hall 1932: 188. Type data: ZIMBABWE: Macheke, on Cussonia arborea.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,144). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Hodgso1968, 168).
Pulvinaria gymnosporiae Hall 1932: 189. Type data: ZIMBABWE: Salisbury, on Gymnosporia sp.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,144). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Hodgso1968, 168).
Chloropulvinaria psidii (Maskell, 1893); Borchsenius 1957: 217. change of combination
Pulvinaria psidii Maskell, 1893; Ben-Dov 1993: 278. revived combination (previously published)

Common Names

green shield scale CABI1994 HamonWi1984
guava mealy scale CABI1994
guava soft scale AbdRabEv2021
escama blanda algodonosa del guayabo KondoWaGa2022a
groene djamboe-dopluis KondoWaGa2022a
koejawel pulvinaria KondoWaGa2022a
midori-wata-kaigaramushi KondoWaGa2022a

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 70 | Genera: 166

Acanthaceae

Sanchezia | EzzatHu1969

Aizoaceae

Aizoaceae | QinGu1992

Amaranthaceae

Alternanthera ficoidea | Newste1911 | var. versicolor)
Dysphania pumilio | QinGu1992 | (= Chenopodium pumilio)

Amaryllidaceae

Crinum moorei | CarnerPe1986

Anacardiaceae

Comocladia | Podsia1983
Mangifera indica | Ali1971 Balach1957c Hodgso1968 Nakaha1981a Newste1917b Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 KinjoNaHi1996 KondoKa1995 ShafeeYoKh1989
Pistacia atlantica | CarnerPe1986
Schinus | HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a
Schinus molle | Nakaha1981a
Schinus terebinthifolia | AbouElAbEl1997 Balach1927 Nakaha1981a
Spondias dulcis | Hodgso1968a
Toxicodendron | HodgsoHi1990

Annonaceae

Annona | Balach1927

Apocynaceae

Alstonia scholaris | QinGu1992
Carissa | Ali1971 Nakaha1981a ShafeeYoKh1989
Carissa carandas | Mamet1943a
Carissa macrocarpa | MilleHeCa2016
Nerium | HodgsoHi1990
Plumeria | Nakaha1981a
Plumeria rubra | WilliaWa1990 | (= Plumeria acutifolia), (= Plumeria acuminata)
Pteralyxia macrocarpa | Nakaha1981a

Araceae

Anthurium | Nakaha1981a QinGu1992
Anthurium cubense | MestreHaEv2011
Colocasia antiquorum | CarnerPe1986
Colocasia esculenta | WilliaWa1990
Monstera deliciosa | WilliaWa1990
Philodendron | Willia2010
Zantedeschia aethiopica | CarnerPe1986

Araliaceae

Aralia | HamonWi1984
Cussonia arborea | Hall1932 Nakaha1981a
Hedera helix | CarnerPe1986
Heptapleurum actinophyllum | Nakaha1981a | (= Brassaia actinophylla) (= Schefflera actinophylla)
Meryta macrophylla | WilliaWa1990
Meryta sinclairii | Stocks2013a
Schefflera | WilliaWa1990
Tetrapanax papyrifer | Balach1927 | (= Aralia papirifera)

Arecaceae

Livistona chinensis | CarnerPe1986

Asparagaceae

Cordyline fruticosa | Nakaha1981a | (= Cordyline fruticosa)
Dracaena angustifolia | Nakaha1981a | (= Cordyline terminalis)

Aspleniaceae

Asplenium | Nakaha1981a
Asplenium nidus | Mamet1943a

Asteraceae

Bidens pilosa | Nakaha1981a
Chrysanthemum indicum | CarnerPe1986
Dahlia pinnata | CarnerPe1986 | (= Dahlia variabilis)
Eupatorium | HamonWi1984
Gerbera | WilliaWa1990
Melanthera biflora | WilliaWa1990
Wollastonia biflora | WilliaWa1990 | (= Wedelia biflora)

Bignoniaceae

Bignonia | CarnerPe1986
Handroanthus chrysanthus | LinKoGu2013 | (= Tabebuia chrysantha)
Spathodea campanulata | MilleHeCa2016
Tecoma | Ali1971 Green1909a HamonWi1984 HodgsoHi1990 | (= Stenolobium, Tecomaria)
Tecoma stans | CarnerPe1986

Boraginaceae

Cordia | HodgsoHi1990
Cordia alliodora | WilliaWa1990
Cordia myxa | Mamet1943a

Cannabaceae

Trema orientalis | Kawai1980

Cannaceae

Canna indica | CarnerPe1986

Caryophyllaceae

Dianthus | QinGu1992

Celastraceae

Euonymus frigidus | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989
Gymnosporia | Hall1932 Hodgso1969a
Schaefferia frutescens | MestreHoHa2015

Cibotiaceae

Cibotium | Nakaha1981a

Clusiaceae

Clusia rosea | Nakaha1981a
Garcinia | Ali1971 Green1909a HodgsoHi1990
Garcinia mangostana | Nakaha1981a

Combretaceae

Terminalia brassii | WilliaWa1990

Convolvulaceae

Ipomoea alba | WilliaWa1990 | (= Ipomoea grandiflora)

Costaceae

Costus spicatus | MestreHoHa2015

Crassulaceae

Kalanchoe | HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a | (= Bryophyllum)
Sedum | HodgsoHi1990

Dennstaedtiaceae

Pteridium | QinGu1992

Ebenaceae

Diospyros kaki | Kuwana1902

Euphorbiaceae

Codiaeum | HodgsoHi1990 WilliaWa1990
Euphorbia | QinGu1992
Macaranga | WilliaWa1990
Mallotus philippensis | Ali1971

Fabaceae

Centrosema plumieri | MestreHaEv2011

Geraniaceae

Pelargonium | CarnerPe1986

Goodeniaceae

Scaevola floribunda | WilliaWa1990
Scaevola gaudichaudiana | Hodgso1968 Nakaha1981a

Heliconiaceae

Heliconia psittacorum | WilliaWa1990 | (= Heliconia humilis)

Juncaceae

Juncus concinnus | Ali1971 Hall1926a ShafeeYoKh1989

Lamiaceae

Callicarpa glabra | TanakaKa2020
Clerodendrum | WilliaWa1990
Oxera | MilleHeCa2016

Lauraceae

Laurus | HodgsoHi1990
Persea | Nakaha1981a
Persea americana | EFSA2022e

Lecythidaceae

Barringtonia | WilliaWa1990

Loganiaceae

Strychnos nux-vomica | Varshn1992

Lythraceae

Lagerstroemia | ShafeeYoKh1989
Lagerstroemia indica | Hodgso1968
Lagerstroemia lanceolata | Ali1971
Lawsonia | Varshn1992
Punica granatum | Hodgso1968 Nakaha1981a

Malvaceae

Gossypium | BugajNJuKa2021
Hibiscus | HodgsoHi1990
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | WilliaWa1990
Hibiscus syriacus | WilliaWa1990
Malvaviscus arboreus | WilliaWa1990
Thespesia populnea | Nakaha1981a

Melastomataceae

Melastoma | Varshn1992
Melastomataceae | WilliaWa1990
Miconia robinsoniana | LincanHoCa2010

Meliaceae

Guarea guidonia | MestreHoHa2015
Melia azedarach | BenDov2012

Moraceae

Artocarpus heterophyllus | TaoWoCh1983
Artocarpus integer | Ali1971 | (= Artocarpus integrifolia)
Ficus | Ali1971 EzzatHu1969 Green1904a Green1908a Green1909a HodgsoHi1990 Newste1917b Cocker1905f QinGu1992
Ficus amplissima | CarnerPe1986 | (= Ficus indica)
Ficus benghalensis | Matile1976
Ficus benjamina | Jansen1995
Ficus boninsimae | Kawai1980
Ficus elastica | Balach1927 WilliaWa1990
Ficus lyrata | BenDov2012
Ficus macrophylla | Balach1927
Ficus membranacea | MestreHaEv2011
Ficus racemosa | Ali1971 Hall1926a ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Ficus glomerata)
Ficus religiosa | Balach1927
Ficus retusa | Ali1971 Ramakr1930
Ficus rubiginosa | Hall1926a
Ficus sur | Hodgso1969a | (= Ficus capensis)
Ficus thonningii | VanHarCoWi1990
Morus alba | CarnerPe1986
Morus indica | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989 | var. indica (= Morus alba)
Streblus asper | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989

Myristicaceae

Myristica castaneifolia | WilliaWa1990

Myrtaceae

Callistemon | QinGu1992
Calycorectes ferrugineus | Ballou1926 | (= Eugenia ferruginosa)
Eucalyptus deglupta | WilliaWa1990
Eugenia | Ali1971 Green1908a Green1909a HodgsoHi1990 ShafeeYoKh1989
Eugenia bullata | MilleHeCa2016
Metrosideros | Nakaha1981a
Myrtus communis | Green1909a
Psidium | Ali1971 Kirkal1902
Psidium guajava | Balach1927 Ballou1926 CockerRo1915a Green1908a Green1909a Laing1933 Mamet1954 Newste1917b Ali1971 Balach1957c Brain1920a Hodgso1968 Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983 Ramakr1919a EtiennMa1993 Green1896 Mamet1943a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Psidium pomiferum),,
Syzygium aqueum | WilliaWa1990
Syzygium aromaticum | Mamet1943a | (= Eugenia caryophyllata)
Syzygium buxifolium | Kawai1980
Syzygium calophyllifolium | Kawai1980 Ramakr1930 | (= Eugenia calophyllipholia)
Syzygium cumini | Ali1971 Mamet1943a Nakaha1981a ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Eugenia jambolana)
Syzygium jambos | CockerRo1915a HamonWi1984 Mamet1943a Nakaha1981a | (= Eugenia jambos)
Syzygium malaccense | LincanHoCa2010 MestreHoHa2015 | (= Eugenia malaccensis)

Nyctaginaceae

Ceodes grandis | Green1907 Mamet1943a | (= Pisonia macrophylla)
Pisonia | Green1907 Mamet1943a

Oleaceae

Jasminum | Nakaha1981a
Jasminum humile | Stocks2013a
Oleaceae | BenDov2012

Onagraceae

Ludwigia octovalvis | WilliaWa1990 | (= Ludwigia capitata)

Orchidaceae

Vanilla | WilliaWa1990

Pandanaceae

Pandanus | WilliaWa1990

Phyllanthaceae

Antidesma | Ali1971 Green1909a
Antidesma bunius | CockerRo1915a
Antidesma membranaceum | Hodgso1969a
Bischofia javanica | Kawai1980 WilliaWa1990
Uapaca kirkiana | Hall1932 Hodgso1969a

Pinaceae

Pinus caribaea | WilliaWa1990

Piperaceae

Piper methysticum | WilliaWa1990

Pittosporaceae

Pittosporum | HodgsoHi1990
Pittosporum boninense | TanakaKa2020
Pittosporum macrophyllum | CarnerPe1986
Pittosporum tobira | Nakaha1981a

Plantaginaceae

Russelia | HodgsoHi1990

Polemoniaceae

Phlox | Nakaha1981a

Polygonaceae

Antigonon leptopus | EzzatHu1969
Homalocladium platycladum | CarnerPe1986 | (= Muehlenbeckia platyclada)

Primulaceae

Ardisia sieboldii | Kawai1980

Pteridaceae

Pteris biaurita | Ballou1926 | (= Pteris caudata)

Rosaceae

Eriobotrya japonica | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989
Photinia serratifolia | Balach1927 | (= Photinia serrulata)
Prunus cerasifera | Cocker1895a | (= Prunus cerifera)

Rubiaceae

Bouvardia | Nakaha1981a
Chiococca alba | LincanHoCa2010
Cinchona | Ali1971 Green1896 Green1909a Green1937
Coffea | Ali1971 Almeid1973b Hall1932 Laing1933 Newste1917b Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 Green1909a Green1937 Nakaha1981a ShafeeYoKh1989
Coffea arabica | Ali1971 Almeid1973b Hodgso1968 Nakaha1981a
Coffea canephora | Almeid1973b Hodgso1968
Coffea liberica | Green1904a
Gardenia | Nakaha1981a
Gardenia jasminoides | Ali1971 Hodgso1968 Nakaha1981a | (= Gardenia florida)
Gardenia taitensis | WilliaWa1990 | (= Randia tahitensis)
Ixora | Nakaha1981a
Ixora chinensis | MartinLa2011
Ixora coccinea | WilliaWa1990
Ixora macrothyrsa | WilliaWa1990
Lasianthus lanceolatus | Ballou1926
Morinda | Ali1971 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
Morinda citrifolia | Kawai1980 Nakaha1981a
Neolamarckia | Varshn1992 | (= Anthocephalus)
Palicourea domingensis | MestreHoHa2015
Psychotria | Nakaha1981a | (= Straussia)
Psychotria asiatica | TaoWoCh1983 | (= Psychotria rubra)
Psychotria elliptica | Ali1971
Psychotria nervosa | MestreHoHa2015
Rondeletia odorata | Marott1987
Tarenna sambucina | WilliaWa1990
Tarenna subsessilis | TanakaKa2020

Rutaceae

Atalantia citroides | Ballou1926
Boronia serrulata | QinGu1992
Citrus | Ali1971 Balach1927 Green1909a Green1930c HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a Green1937 ShafeeYoKh1989
Citrus aurantiifolia | BenDov1971 Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983 WilliaWa1990
Citrus aurantium | Nakaha1981a
Citrus limon | GonzalLa1989 WilliaWa1990
Citrus maxima | MatileEt2006 WilliaWa1990 | (= Citrus grandis)
Citrus medica | WilliaWa1990
Citrus reticulata | LincanHoCa2010 MatileEt2006
Citrus sinensis | Ballou1926 GonzalLa1989 HamonWi1984 King1899b WilliaWa1990
Citrus trifoliata | Nakaha1981a | (= Poncirus trifoliata)
Rutaceae | DanzigKo1990
Triphasia | HodgsoHi1990
Zanthoxylum martinicense | Ballou1926 | (= Fagara martinicensis)

Salicaceae

Salix | Willia2010

Sapindaceae

Blighia sapida | Ballou1926
Dimocarpus longan | Ali1971 Ballou1926 TaoWoCh1983 | (= Euphoria longana)
Dodonaea | HodgsoHi1990 WilliaWa1990
Dodonaea triquetra | QinGu1992
Litchi chinensis | Ali1971 Mamet1943a Nakaha1981a ShafeeYoKh1989 Waite1986
Melicoccus bijugatus | Ballou1926
Nephelium lappaceum | GermaiDeLa2016
Nephelium ramboutan-ake | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
Pometia pinnata | WilliaWa1990

Sapotaceae

Chrysophyllum | King1899b
Chrysophyllum cainito | Ali1968a Ali1971 Ballou1926 TaoWoCh1983
Chrysophyllum oliviforme | HamonWi1984
Diploknema butyracea | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Bassia butyracea)
Manilkara zapota | Ali1968a Ali1971 Ballou1926 BenDov1971 BenDov2012 HamonWi1984 ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Achras sapota) (= Lucuma mammosa)
Planchonella costata | HodgsoHe2000 | (= Pouteria costata)
Planchonella obovata | TanakaKa2020
Pouteria sapota | EFSA2022e
Pycnandra | MilleHeCa2016

Solanaceae

Capsicum annuum | Newste1911a
Capsicum frutescens | WilliaWa1990
Solanum lycopersicum | Mamet1943a WilliaMa2009b | (= Lycopersicon esculentum)

Tamaricaceae

Tamarix gallica | CarnerPe1986

Theaceae

Camellia | Green1908a Varshn1992 | (= Thea)
Camellia sinensis | Ali1971 Green1896 Green1909a Green1937 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 WilliaWa1990 |
Schima wallichii | Kawai1980

Verbenaceae

Duranta | Ali1971 Green1909a Hodgso1968 HodgsoHi1990
Stachytarpheta | WilliaWa1990

Violaceae

Violaceae | QinGu1992

Zingiberaceae

Alpinia | Ali1971 Green1909a Nakaha1981a
Alpinia purpurata | Hodgso1968 Nakaha1981a
Elettaria cardamomum | Ali1971 Green1909a | (= Cardamomum)
Etlingera | Nakaha1981a | (= Phaeomeria)
Hedychium | Nakaha1981a
Zingiber | Nakaha1981a
Zingiber officinale | Nakaha1981a

Foes:

Families: 5 | Genera: 10

Aphelinidae

Coccophagus scutellaris | AbdRab2002b

Cecidomyiidae

Cecidomyiidae | Kalsho1981
Megommata psidii | Barnes1939

Clavicipitaceae

Verticilium lecanii | Naraya1985

Coccinellidae

Chilocorus melanophthalmus | Kalsho1981
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri | Stocks2013a

Encyrtidae

Argutencyrtus luteolus | PrinslAn1974
Encyrtus aurantii | MifsudFsMa2012
Metaphycus stanleyi | GuerriNo2000
Microterys kotinskyi | Stocks2013a
Microterys nietneri | Fullaw1932

Associates:

Families: 2 | Genera: 2

Formicidae

Iridomyrmex | Kalsho1981

Ophiocordycipitaceae

Ophiocordycipitaceae | DengYuWa2021

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 102

Afghanistan | BenDov2012

Algeria | Balach1927 BenDov1993 CABI1994

Angola | Almeid1973b BenDov1993 CABI1994 Hodgso1968

Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Ascension Island | CABI1994 WilliaMe2007

Australia | Hodgso1968 QinGu1992

Australian Capital Territory | CABI1994 QinGu1992
New South Wales | BenDov1993 QinGu1992
Northern Territory | CABI1994 Frogga1915 Green1916e QinGu1992
Queensland | CABI1994 QinGu1992

Bahamas | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Bangladesh | BenDov1993 CABI1994 Varshn1992

Barbados | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Bermuda | BenDov1993 CABI1994 HodgsoHi1990 HodgsoHi1991

Bhutan | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Bonin Islands (=Ogasawara-Gunto) | CABI1994 Kawai1987

Brazil | Green1930c

Distrito Federal (=Brasilia) | BenDov1993 CABI1994
Sao Paulo | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Brunei | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Canary Islands | BenDov1993 CABI1994 GomezM1967O

Cape Verde | BenDov1993 CABI1994 VanHarCoWi1990

China

Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | BenDov1993 CABI1994
Henan (=Honan) | BenDov1993 CABI1994 HuHeWa1992
Hubei (=Hupei) | BenDov1993 CABI1994
Hunan | HuHeWa1992
Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | BenDov1993 CABI1994
Zhejiang (=Chekiang) | Ali1971

Christmas Island | NeumanODGu2016

Colombia | Kondo2001 KondoKa1995

Comoros | GermaiAtBa2008

Congo | Hodgso1968

Cook Islands | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Costa Rica | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Cote d'Ivoire (=Ivory Coast) | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Cuba | Ballou1926 BenDov1993 CABI1994

Democratic Republic of the Congo (=Zaire) | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Dominican Republic | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Ecuador | PorcelPe2019

Egypt | AbouElAbEl1997 BenDov1993 CABI1994 EzzatHu1969 Hall1926a

Eritrea | EFSA2022a

Federated States of Micronesia

Caroline Islands | CABI1994
Pohnpei Island | BenDov1993
Truk Islands | BenDov1993

Fiji | CABI1994

French Polynesia | BenDov1993

Tahiti | WilliaWa1990

Galapagos Islands | CaustoPeSi2006 LincanHoCa2010

Ghana | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Grenada | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Guadeloupe | Balach1957c BenDov1993 CABI1994 MatileEt2006

Guatemala | Jansen1995 Willia2010

Guiana | GermaiDeLa2016

Guyana (=British Guiana) | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Haiti | PerezG2008

Hawaiian Islands

Hawaii | BenDov1993 CABI1994 Cocker1896i Hodgso1968 Kirkal1904

India | Ali1971 Green1908a Newste1917b Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989

Andhra Pradesh | Varshn1992
Bihar | BenDov1993 CABI1994 Mohamm1963
Gujarat | BenDov1993 CABI1994
Karnataka | Ali1971 BenDov1993 CABI1994
Kerala | BenDov1993 CABI1994
Maharashtra | BenDov1993 CABI1994
Odisha (=Orissa) | BenDov1993 CABI1994 Varshn1992
Sikkim | EFSA2022e
Tamil Nadu | Ali1971 BenDov1993 CABI1994
Uttar Pradesh | BenDov1993 CABI1994
West Bengal | Ali1971

Indonesia | Kalsho1981

Flores | Gavril2017b
Irian Jaya | BenDov1993 CABI1994
Java | CABI1994 Green1904a
Sulawesi (=Celebes) | CABI1994
Sumatra | CABI1994

Israel | BenDov2001b

Jamaica | BenDov1993 CABI1994 Cocker1895a Newste1917b

Japan | CABI1994

Kampuchea (=Cambodia) | Ali1971 BenDov1993 CABI1994

Kenya | BenDov1993 CABI1994 Newste1917b

Kiribati | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Laos |

Madagascar | BenDov1993 CABI1994 Mamet1954

Malawi | BenDov1993 CABI1994 Hodgso1969a

Malaysia | Hodgso1968

Sabah | CABI1994
Sarawak | CABI1994

Marshall Islands | CABI1994

Martinique | Balach1957c

Mauritius | BenDov1993 CABI1994 Mamet1943a

Mexico

Oaxaca | CABI1994

Montserrat | CABI1994

Mozambique | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Nauru | EFSA2022e

Nepal | CABI1994

New Britain | BenDov1993 CABI1994

New Caledonia | CABI1994 Laing1933

New Zealand | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Nigeria | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Niue | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Northern Mariana Islands | CABI1994

Pakistan | Varshn1992

Palau | Beards1966

Papua New Guinea | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Philippines | Ali1971 CABI1994 Cocker1905f CockerRo1915a Mamet1943a

Puerto Rico & Vieques Island

Puerto Rico | BenDov1993 CABI1994 Martor1976 NakahaMi1981

Reunion | BenDov1993 CABI1994 GermaiMiPa2014 Mamet1943a

Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) | KinjoNaHi1996 | TanakaKa2020

Saint Croix | Beatty1944

Saint Helena | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Saint Kitts and Nevis Islands

Saint Kitts | CABI1994

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Senegal | EtiennMa1993

Seychelles | BenDov1993 CABI1994 Green1907 Mamet1943a

Aldabra Island | BenDov1993 CABI1994 Mamet1943a WilliaMa2009b
Farquhar Island | BenDov1993 CABI1994 Mamet1943a
Providence Island | BenDov1993 CABI1994 Green1907 Mamet1943a

Singapore | CABI1994

Solomon Islands | BenDov1993 CABI1994

South Africa | BenDov1993 Brain1920a CABI1994 GroveScDe2014 Hodgso1968 Mamet1943a

Spain | EFSA2022e

Sri Lanka | Ali1971 CABI1994 Green1896 Green1909a Green1937 Hodgso1968 Mamet1943a

Sudan | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Taiwan | Ali1971 CABI1994

Tanzania | BenDov1993 CABI1994 Newste1911a

Thailand | Ali1971 CABI1994

Tonga | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Trinidad and Tobago

Trinidad | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Tunisia | BenDov1993 CABI1994

U.S. Virgin Islands | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Uganda | BenDov1993 CABI1994 Hodgso1968 Mamet1943a Newste1911 Newste1917b

United Kingdom

England | Green1928a

United States

Alabama | BenDov1993 CABI1994
California | CPPDR DowellGiJe2016
District of Columbia | BenDov1993
Florida | BenDov1993 CABI1994 HamonWi1984
Georgia | BenDov1993 CABI1994
Mississippi | BenDov1993 CABI1994
Missouri | BenDov1993 CABI1994
New York | BenDov1993 CABI1994
Pennsylvania | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Vanuatu (=New Hebrides) | BenDov1993 CABI1994 WilliaBu1987

Venezuela | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Vietnam | Suh2023

Western Samoa | BenDov1993 CABI1994

Zimbabwe | BenDov1993 CABI1994 Hall1932 Hodgso1968 Hodgso1969a Mamet1943a

Keys

TanakaKa2022a: pp.447-448 ( Adult (F) ) [Pulvinaria species in Japan]
TalukdDa2021: pp.440 ( Adult (F) ) [Pulvinaria in India]
MestreKoRe2021: pp.3 ( Adult (F) ) [Pulvinaria in Cuba]
CaoFe2020: pp.233-234 ( Adult (F) ) [Pulvinaria in China]
TanakaKa2020: pp.420 ( Adult (F) ) [Pulvinaria from Ryukyu Islands]
ChoiSoLe2018: pp.6-7 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae in Laos]
Joshi2017: pp.540 ( Adult (F) ) [Indian species of Pulvinaria]
TanakaKo2015: pp.113 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Colombian species of the genus Pulvinaria]
MohammMo2013: pp.146-148 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species and subspecies of family coccidae in Egypt]
TanakaAmUe2006: pp.180 ( Adult (F) ) [Pulvinaria species of Ryuku archipelago]
Koszta1996: pp.375 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North America]
Tang1991: pp.226 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
WilliaWa1990: pp.148 ( Adult (F) ) [Tropical South Pacific]
HamonWi1984: pp.87 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Florida]
TaoWoCh1983: pp.83 ( Adult (F) ) [Taiwan]
Kawai1980: pp.148-150 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
WilliaKo1972: pp.119 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Virginia]
EzzatHu1969: pp.373 ( Adult (F) ) [Egypt]
Beards1966: pp.491 ( Adult (F) ) [Micronesia]
Borchs1957: pp.205 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic region]
Zimmer1948: pp.333 ( Adult (F) ) [Hawaii]
Green1909a: pp.264-265 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceylon]

Remarks

Systematics: Subfamily: Coccinae A, Pulvinarini (Choi & Lee, 2019) Pulvinaria psidii is similar to P. aurantii and P. polygonata in having fimbriate marginal setae, well developed dermal areolations and eyespots situated in the submarginal area of the dorsum. However, it differs from them in having (contrasting character states in P. aurantii and P. polygonata in parentheses): (i) multilocular pores mostly each with 10 loculi (mostly each with 7 loculi), (ii) an extremely long inner ductule (about 5–10 times as long as outer ductule) in type II ventral tubular ducts (inner ductule of type II ventral tubular ducts mostly 2–3 times as long as outer ductule), and (iii) in having a bifurcate supporting bar on underside of each anal plate supporting bars not bifurcate). (Tanaka & Kamitani, 2020)
Structure: See colour photograph in Kawai (1980, Figs. 6.24, a,b); Hamon & Williams (1984). Live appearance: adult female elongate oval, usually flat. Dorsum dark yellow to greenish yellow, dorsum without visible wax before oviposition, but developing a small amount of granular or filamentous white wax during the oviposition period. Ovisac short, about 1–2 times as long as body; posterior part of body strongly lifted by ovisac. Slide-mounted adult female (n=4): body elongate oval, 2.2–3.0 mm long, 1.3–1.9 mm wide, margin with a distinct and relatively deep indentation at each stigmatic cleft; anal cleft approximately 1/4–1/6 of body length. (Tanaka & Kamitani, 2020)
Biology: Green (1909) reported on overlapping generation in Sri Lanka. Takahashi (1939b) recorded three generation per year in Taiwan. Salama & saleh (1970) reporetd two generatio per year in Egypt. El-Minshawy & Moursi (1976) studied the duration of development and fecundity on guava in Egypt. Sanaa et al. (1997) studied in Egypt the effect of treatment by various levels (0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg K/L) of Schinus terebinthifolius seedlings, on their rate of infestation by P. psidii.
Economic Importance: A pest of mango in Egypt (Nada et al., 1990).
General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Zimmerman (1948), Hodgson (1968), Ezzat & Hussein (1969), Williams & Kosztarab (1972), Hamon & Williams (1984), Williams & Watson (1990), Tang (1991) and by Kosztarab (1996). Detailed redescription in Tanaka & Kamitani (2020).

Illustrations

Citations

AbdRab2002b: biological control, distribution, host, 39-44
AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 30
AbdelR2012: distribution, 206
AbouElAbEl1997: distribution, host, life history, 205
AhmedMi2018a: distribution,
Ali1971: distribution, host, 48
Almeid1973b: distribution, host, 6
AlmeidPeMa2018: distribution, host, 355
ArouaKaBe2019: distribution, host,
Astrid2001: host, 76
Balach1927: distribution, host, 185
Balach1957c: distribution, host, 207
Ballou1926: catalog, distribution, host, 36
Barnes1939: biological control, distribution, host,
Bartle1978: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 65-67
Beards1966: distribution, host, taxonomy, 491-492
Beatty1944: distribution, host, 114-172
BenDov1993: catalog, 278-280
BenDov2001b: distribution, economic importance, host, 262-263
BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 27, 44
BennetRoCo1976: biological control, economic importance, 359-395
Borchs1957: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 217-219
Brain1920a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 21-22
BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 296
Butani1979: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 36-40
CABI1955a: distribution, 1-2
CABI1994: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 1-4
CamachCh2015: host, 8
CaoFe2020: key, 234
Capra1927: biological control, distribution, host, 152-160
CaustoPeSi2006: distribution, 137
ChoiLe2019: illustration, phylogeny, taxonomy, wax, 399, 402, 404
ChoiSoLe2018: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 47-49
Cocker1893j: distribution, host, 255
Cocker1893m: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 159-160
Cocker1894d: taxonomy, 311
Cocker1895a: distribution, host, 101-102
Cocker1896b: distribution, host, 330-331
Cocker1896i: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 48-49
Cocker1905f: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 132-133
CockerRo1915a: distribution, host, 427
CouturMaRi1985: distribution, host, 275
DahlstHa1999: economic importance, 919-933
DeitzTo1980: taxonomy, 31
DengYuWa2021: illustration, symbionts, 4
DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 114
EFSA2021a: biology, distribution, economic importance, host, 22, 33-34, 114-115
EFSA2022b: dispersal, distribution, host, 18-19
EFSA2022e: biology, dispersal, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy,
ElMinsMo1976: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 363-371
ElSeraGhEl2004a: biological control, distribution, host, 87-95
Esaki1940a: distribution, host, 274-280
EtiennMa1993: distribution, host, 255
EzzatHu1969: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 388-390
EzzatNa1987: distribution, host, 86
Fernal1903b: 131,137-138
Frogga1915: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 414
Fullaw1932: biological control,
Gavril2017b: distribution, 145
GermaiAtBa2008: distribution, host, 129-135
GermaiDeLa2016: host, list of species, 2
GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, 22
GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
GomezM1967O: distribution, host, 133
Green1896: distribution, host, 8
Green1904a: distribution, host, 207
Green1907: distribution, host, 199
Green1908a: distribution, host, 32
Green1909a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 264-265
Green1916e: distribution, host, 64
Green1928a: distribution, host, 24
Green1930c: distribution, host, 280-281
Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 309
GroveScDe2014: distribution, host, 413
Hall1926a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 19-20
Hall1932: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 188-190,193
HamonWi1984: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, key, life history, taxonomy, 102-105
Hodgso1968: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 168-172
Hodgso1969a: distribution, host, 30
Hodgso1995: structure, taxonomy, 51
HodgsoHe2000: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 219
HodgsoHi1990: distribution, host, 4,6-7,9-13,15,17-21
HodgsoHi1991: distribution, host, 137
HodgsoLa2011: distribution, host, 21
HuHeWa1992: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 185
Jansen1995: distribution, host, 134
JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 24
Joshi2017: key, 540
JoshiRaNa2019: distribution, 133
KakotiDeRo2022: biology, distribution, host, list, 8
Kalsho1981: description, distribution, host, 164
Kawai1980: distribution, host, taxonomy, 152
Kawai1987: distribution, host, taxonomy, 77
KawaiMaUm1971: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 17
KinjoNaHi1996: distribution, host, 126
Kirkal1902: distribution, host, 104
Kirkal1904: biological control, distribution, host, taxonomy, 227-228
Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 42
Kondo2010: distribution, host, 41-44
Kondo2013: distribution, host, 47
KondoKa1995: distribution, host, 57-58
KondoLoQu2010: biological control, 7-13
KondoMu2016: distribution, host, illustration, 10-11
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 12
KondoWaGa2022a: biological distribution, control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 323-325
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 76
Kuwana1902: distribution, host, 58
Kuwana1907: distribution, host, taxonomy, 188
Kuwana1917: distribution, host, taxonomy, 33-35
LagowsGoHo2022: distribution, host, list, 9
Laing1927: distribution, host, 38
Laing1933: distribution, host, 676
LinKoGu2013: distribution, host, molecular data, phylogeny, taxonomy, 253, 258
LincanHoCa2010: distribution, host, 4
Lindin1912b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 136,154,222
LondonKoCa2014: distribution, host, illustration, 265, 268, 269
Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 154
Mamet1949: catalog, distribution, host, 28
Mamet1954: distribution, host, 14
MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, host, 36
Martor1976: distribution, host, 51-261
Maskel1893b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 223
Maskel1898: distribution, host, 242
Matile1976: distribution, host, 297
MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 166
MestreHaEv2011: distribution, host, 8-9
MestreHoHa2015: distribution, host, 9
MestreKo2018: distribution, 5
MestreKoRe2021: key, 3
Meurge2011: distribution, 80
MifsudFsMa2012: natural enemies, 17
MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, natural enemies, 134
Mohamm1963: distribution, host, taxonomy, 129
MohammGh2008: distribution, 150
MohammMo2013: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 148, 156
Mohara1990: structure, taxonomy, 58
MoharuBa2015: distribution, host, 103-104
Morris1920: distribution, host, taxonomy, 185
NadaAbHu1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 133-134
Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, 392
Nakaha1983: distribution, host, 6
NakahaMi1981: distribution, host, 30
Naraya1985: biological control, distribution, host, 90-101
NeumanODGu2016: ant association, dispersal, distribution, host, 159-166
Newste1910a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 67-68
Newste1911: distribution, host, 94
Newste1911a: distribution, host, 166
Newste1917b: distribution, host, 129-130
PanisMa1976: distribution, host, 8
ParidaGh1984: structure, taxonomy, 14-15
Pember1964: distribution, host, 689
PerezG2008: distribution, 213
PorcelPe2019: distribution, 184
PrakasPa2015: distribution,
PrinslAn1974: biological control, distribution, host, 345-349
QinGu1992: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 144-147
Ramakr1919: distribution, host, 624
Ramakr1919a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 27
Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 347
Ramakr1930: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 36
Reboul1976: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
Reyne1961: distribution, host, 125
RezaGh2006: biological control, chemical control, 327-331
Ryan1946: distribution, host, 124-125
Ryan1946: distribution, 125
SalamaSa1970: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 380-385
Sander1906: catalog, 7
Schmut1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 236
Schmut2001: distribution, host, 339-345
ShafeeYoKh1989: distribution, host, 50
Simmon1957: catalog, distribution, host, 8-9
Simmon1969a: biological control, distribution, host, 765-767
Steinw1946: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 11-12,26
Stocks2013a: biological control, distribution, host, 243, 349
Su1982: distribution, host, 61
Suh2023: distribution, host, 6
SureshKuGe2005: biological control, chemical control, 305
Takaha1928: distribution, host, 344
Takaha1929: distribution, host, 60-61
Takaha1934: distribution, host, 34
Takaha1936c: distribution, host, 117
Takaha1939b: distribution, host, 263
Takaha1941b: distribution, host, 218
Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 30
Takaha1942d: distribution, host, 354-355
TalukdDa2021: key, 440
TanakaAmUe2006: taxonomy, 180
TanakaKa2020: description, diagnosis, distribution, illustration, key, taxonomy, 414-416, 419
TanakaKa2022a: key, 448
TanakaKo2015: taxonomy, 113
Tang1984b: distribution, host, 127
Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 231
Tao1978: distribution, host, 83
Tao1989: catalog, distribution, host, 59
Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 53
TaoWoCh1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 85-86
UedaQuIt2008: distribution, molecular data, phylogeny, taxonomy, 2319-2326
UsmanPu1955: distribution, host, 50
VanHarCoWi1990: distribution, host, 134
Varshn1994: distribution, host, 343
VarshnMo1987: distribution, host, 173
Waite1986: distribution, host, 42
Wang1980: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 36-38
Watson2021: distribution, 522
Willia1985a: catalog, taxonomy, 224,228
Willia1985b: distribution, host, 53
Willia2001: distribution, 225-227
Willia2010: distribution, host, 149
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 208, 213
WilliaBu1987: distribution, host, 93
WilliaMa2009b: distribution, host, 119
WilliaMe2007: distribution, host, 132
WilliaMi2010: distribution, host, 45
WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 153-156
WilliaWi1988: distribution, host, 59
Wise1977: distribution, host, 106
WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 10,48
XianLiSo2005: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 34-36
Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 158-160,170
ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 160
Zimmer1948: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 336-339,342
deVill2001a: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 174