Hodgson, C.J. 1995 Observations on the structure of the spiracles of adult female Coccidae.. Israel Journal of Entomology 29: 47-55.

Notes: Basic structure of the spiracle of adult female soft scales described; review of variation found in the Coccidae; small but significant differences in spiracular structure in most subfamilies of soft scales; Myzolecaniinae is an example of a subfamily that is highly variable.