Valid Names Results
Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead, 1894) (Pseudococcidae: Nipaecoccus)Nomenclatural History
- Dactylopius viridis Newstead 1894c: 5. Type data: INDIA: Madras, Nungumbaukum, on Hygrophila spinosa. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (Willia1985,244). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name
- Dactylopius vastator Maskell 1895b: 65. Type data: SANDWICH ISLANDS [= HAWAII]: Honolulu, on Citrus sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand; junior synonym (discovered by Ali1970a, 113).
- Pseudococcus vastator (Maskell, 1895); Kirkaldy 1902: 103. change of combination
- Pseudococcus albizziae; Kirkaldy 1902: 103. misidentification
- Pseudococcus viridis (Newstead, 1894); Fernald 1903b: 112. change of combination
- Dactylopius perniciosus Newstead & Willcocks 1910: 138. Type data: EGYPT: Cairo, on Albizia lebbek. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (Willia1985,244). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Zimmer1948, 245).
- Ripersia theae Rutherford 1915: 111. Type data: SRI LANKA: Paradeniya, on branches of tea, Camellia sinensis.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (Willia1999,91). Type depository: Paradeniya: Horticultural Crop Research and Development Institute, Sri Lanka; junior synonym (discovered by Willia1999, 91).
- Pseudococcus solitarius Brain 1915: 104. Type data: SOUTH AFRICA: Pretoria, on Acacia spp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Pretoria: South African National Collection of Insects, South Africa; junior synonym (discovered by DeLott1958a, 110).
- Pseudococcus perniciosus Newstead 1920: 179. Type data: UGANDA: Kabete, on coffee. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; synonym and homonym (discovered by Willia1958, 220). Replacement name for Pseudococcus perniciosus Newstead and Willcocks
- Pseudococcus filamentosus corymbatus Green 1922: 379. Type data: SRI LANKA: Kandy, on Breynia patens. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (Willia1985,244). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Willia1958, 212).
- Trionymus sericeus James 1936: 203. Type data: KENYA: Kitale, on Coffea arabica. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (Willia1985,244). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Willia1958, 212). Illustr.
- Pseudococcus theae (Rutherford, 1915); Green 1937: 294. change of combination
- Nipaecoccus vastator (Maskell, 1895); Ferris 1950b: 103. change of combination
- Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead, 1894); Ali 1970a: 113. change of combination
- Nipacoccous vastator; El-Shafie 2012: 520. misspelling of genus name
- Nipaecoccu sviridis Sahu, et al. 2019: 94. misspelling of both genus and species names
Common Names
- karoo thorn mealybug BenDov1994
- Karoo thorn mealybug BenDov1994
- lebbeck mealybug Bartle1978e BenDov1994
- Lebbeck mealybug SharafMe1987
- spherical mealybug BenDov1994 SmithBeBr1997
- Hibiscus mealybug ESA2021
- Bolle wolluis KondoWa2022c
- cochinilla harinosa esférica KondoWa2022c
- karoodoringwitluis KondoWa2022c
- tama-kona-kaigaramushi KondoWa2022c
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 53 | Genera: 148
- Acanthaceae
- Acanthus ilicifolius | Willia2004a
- Avicennia officinalis | Moghad2013a
- Hygrophila | Varshn1992
- Hygrophila auriculata | Ali1967a Ali1970a BenDov1994 Newste1894 Willia2004a | (= Hygrophila spinosa)
- Hygrophila erecta | SharafMe1987
- Peristrophe bicalyalata | Willia2004a
- Sanchezia noblis | Willia2004a
- Anacardiaceae
- Mangifera indica | BenDov1994 KinjoNaHi1996 SharafMe1987 Willia2004a WilliaWa1988a
- Annonaceae
- Annona muricata | SharafMe1987 Willia2004a
- Annona reticulata | EFSA2022g
- Annona squamosa | MilleHeCa2016
- Apiaceae
- Apium graveolens | AbdulR1970 SharafMe1987
- Apocynaceae
- Beaumontia | Varshn1992
- Beaumontia grandiflora | SharafMe1987
- Holarrhena | Varshn1992
- Nerium indicum | Ali1967a SharafMe1987
- Nerium oleander | Ali1967a Beccar1971 BenDov1994 Hall1923 Matile1988 SharafMe1987 Varshn1992 Willia2004a | (= Nerium odorum)
- Odontadenia | Willia2004a
- Plumeria rubra | Willia2004a | (= Plumaria acutifolia)
- Trachelospermum | Varshn1992
- Trachelospermum lucidum | SharafMe1987
- Araliaceae
- Schefflera | BenDov2012
- Arecaceae
- Cocos nucifera | Willia2004a
- Phoenix dactylifera | SharafMe1987
- Asparagaceae
- Asparagus | BenDov1994 Willia2004a WilliaWa1988a
- Asparagus aethiopicus | AbdulR1970
- Asparagus densiflorus | SharafMe1987
- Asparagus officinalis | SharafMe1987
- Asparagus sprengeri | AbdulR2015
- Asteraceae
- Chrysanthemum | AbdulR1970 SharafMe1987
- Helianthus | Varshn1992
- Helianthus annuus | AbdulR2015
- Parthenium hysterophorus | EFSA2022g
- Sonchus | AbdulR2015
- Tagetes erecta | AbdulR1970 SharafMe1987
- Balsaminaceae
- Impatiens walleriana | AbdulR2015
- Bignoniaceae
- Campsis grandiflora | Willia2004a | (= Tecoma grandiflora)
- Catalpa | AbdulR2015
- Jacaranda mimosifolia | BenDov1994 Hall1923 SharafMe1987
- Spathodea campanulata | BenDov1994 Willia1985
- Tabebuia rosea | SharafMe1987 | (= Tabebuia pentaphylla )
- Cactaceae
- Cactus | AbdulR2015
- Opuntia | SharafMe1987 Varshn1992
- Caricaceae
- Carica papaya | Balach1957c BenDov1994 SharafMe1987
- Caryophyllaceae
- Dianthus caryophyllus | AbdulR2015
- Casuarinaceae
- Casuarina | Ali1967a Varshn1992 Willia2004a
- Casuarina equisetifolia | SharafMe1987 Willia2004a
- Convolvulaceae
- Cuscuta exaltata | Stocks2013a
- Ipomoea | AbdulR2015
- Cucurbitaceae
- Cucumis | Varshn1992
- Cucumis sativus | Ali1967a SharafMe1987
- Cucurbitaceae | WilliaMa2005a
- Lagenaria siceraria | AbdulR2015
- Luffa | Varshn1992
- Luffa cylindrica | SharafMe1987 Willia2004a | (= Luffa aegyptiaca)
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros | SharafMe1987 Varshn1992
- Diospyros lotus | SharafMe1987
- Euphorbiaceae
- Acalypha indica | SharafMe1987
- Euphorbia | SharafMe1987 Varshn1992
- Euphorbia helioscopia | AbdulR2015
- Euphorbia hirta | Ali1957a Ali1967a BenDov1994 SharafMe1987 WilliaWa1988a
- Euphorbia prostrata | AbdulR2015 SharafMe1987
- Jatropha curcas | Willia2004a
- Jatropha gossypifolia | SharafMe1987
- Jatropha integerrima | SharafMe1987
- Manihot esculenta | SharafMe1987
- Ricinus communis | AbdulR2015
- Suregada | Varshn1992 | (= Gelonium)
- Suregada multiflora | Ali1967a | (= Gelonium multiforum)
- Fabaceae
- Abrus | Varshn1992
- Abrus precatorius | AvasthSh1987 BenDov1994 Willia2004a
- Acacia | BenDov1994 Brain1915 James1933a Varshn1992
- Acacia karroo | EFSA2022g
- Acacia modesta | SharafMe1987 Willia2004a
- Acacia nilotica | EFSA2022g
- Albizia | BenDov1994 James1933a
- Albizia lebbeck | AbdRabEv2021 SharafMe1987
- Alhagi maurorum | AbdulR2015
- Arachis hypogaea | Willia2004a
- Caesalpinia | Ali1967a Green1922 SharafMe1987 Varshn1992
- Cajanus | BenDov1994 DeLott1967a
- Cajanus cajan | Ali1967a SharafMe1987 | (= Cajanus indicus)
- Cascaronia | Ali1967a Varshn1992 Willia2004a
- Ceratonia | SharafMe1987
- Cicer arietinum | Willia2004a
- Dalbergia | Varshn1992
- Dalbergia sissoo | Ali1957a Ali1967a SharafMe1987
- Desmodium | Ali1967a Green1922 Varshn1992 Willia2004a
- Erythrina variegata | Ali1967a SharafMe1987 | (= Erythrina indica)
- Falcataria falcata | SharafMe1987 | (= Albizia falcataria)
- Glycine max | SharafMe1987 Willia2004a
- Intsia bijuga | SharafMe1987
- Leucaena leucocephala | BenDov1994 Willia2004a WilliaWa1988a
- Mimosa pudica | SarojaKaVe2013
- Mucuna | VidyaBh2017
- Pithecellobium | SharafMe1987 Varshn1992
- Prosopis cineraria | Moghad2013a | (= Prosopis spicigera)
- Prosopis farcta | AbdulR2015
- Psophocarpus tetragonolobus | SharafMe1987
- Robinia pseudoacacia | EFSA2022g
- Schleinitzia fosbergii | SharafMe1987 | (= Leucaena insularum guamensis)
- Serianthes nelsonii | SharafMe1987
- Sesbania sesban | AbdulR2015
- Tamarindus | BenDov1994 Reyne1961
- Tamarindus indica | SharafMe1987 Willia2004a
- Tephrosia | Varshn1992 Willia2004a
- Vachellia nilotica | Ali1967a BenDov1994 SharafMe1987 Willia2004a | ssp. tomentosa (= Acacia arabica)
- Vigna radiata | Willia2004a | (= Phaseolus aureus)
- Geraniaceae
- Geranium | AbdulR2015
- Pelargonium | AbdulR1970 SharafMe1987
- Lamiaceae
- Clerodendrum | BenDov1994
- Clerodendrum infortunatum | Ali1967 SharafMe1987 Willia2004a
- Clerodendrum villosum | Willia2004a
- Leucas | Willia2004a
- Leucas aspera | SarojaKaVe2013
- Ocimum tenuiflorum | Willia2004a | (= Ocimum sanctum)
- Salvia splendens | AbdulR1970 SharafMe1987
- Vitex negundo | Willia2004a
- Lauraceae
- Persea americana | SharafMe1987
- Liliaceae
- Fritillaria | AbdulR2015
- Lythraceae
- Lagerstroemia indica | AbdulR2015
- Punica granatum | AbdulR1970 Beccar1971 BenDov1994 Matile1984c SharafMe1987 TangLi1988 WilliaWa1988a
- Malvaceae
- Abelmoschus | Varshn1992
- Abelmoschus esculentus | Ali1967a Ali1968 BenDov1994 SharafMe1987
- Abelmoschus manihot | BenDov1994 WilliaWa1988a | (= Hibiscus manihot)
- Alcea rosea | BenDov1994 Matile1988 SharafMe1987 Willia2004a | (= Althaea rosea)
- Corchorus | Varshn1992
- Corchorus capsularis | SharafMe1987 Willia2004a
- Gossypium | Ali1967a BenDov1994 GhoshGh1989 James1933a SharafMe1987 Varshn1992 WilliaWa1988a
- Gossypium herbaceum | Willia2004a
- Gossypium hirsutum | AvasthSh1987 BenDov1994 Willia2004a
- Hibiscus syriacus | SharafMe1987
- Melochia | Ali1967a Varshn1992
- Pterospermum acerifolium | Willia2004a
- Sida | Willia2004a
- Thespesia | Varshn1992
- Thespesia populnea | Ali1967a BenDov1994 Green1922 SharafMe1987 Willia2004a
- Menispermaceae
- Tinospora cordifolia | SarojaKaVe2013
- Moraceae
- Artocarpus altilis | SharafMe1987
- Artocarpus heterophyllus | Ali1967a Ali1968 SharafMe1987 Willia2004a | (= Artocarpus integrifolia)
- Artocarpus integer | GhoshGh1989 SharafMe1987
- Ficus | SharafMe1987
- Ficus benghalensis | Willia2004a
- Ficus carica | AbdulR1970 BenDov1994 Hall1923 SharafMe1987
- Ficus sycamorus | SharafMe1987
- Morus | Varshn1992 Willia2004a
- Morus alba | AbdulR1970 Ali1967a BenDov1994 SharafMe1987 Willia2004a
- Morus nigra | AbdulR2015
- Streblus asper | Willia2004a
- Musaceae
- Musa | Willia2004a
- Myrtaceae
- Callistemon | AbdulR2015
- Eugenia | Willia2004a
- Myrtus communis | AbdulR2015
- Psidium | Varshn1992
- Psidium guajava | BenDov1994 Hall1923 SharafMe1987 Willia2004a
- Oleaceae
- Ligustrum | SharafMe1987 Varshn1992
- Nyctanthes arbor-tristis | SharafMe1987 Willia2004a
- Olea europaea | AbdulR2015
- Oxalidaceae
- Averrhoa carambola | Willia2004a
- Phyllanthaceae
- Breynia | Varshn1992 Willia2004a
- Breynia retusa | Ali1967a BenDov1994 Green1937 SharafMe1987 | (= Breynia patens)
- Glochidion rubrum | Willia2004a
- Phyllanthus | Varshn1992 | (= Emblica)
- Phyllanthus amarus | SharafMe1987
- Phyllanthus emblica | Ali1967a SharafMe1987 Willia2004a | (= Emblica officinalis)
- Phyllanthus niruri | EFSA2022g
- Pinaceae
- Pinus | EFSA2022g
- Poaceae
- Cynodon dactylon | AbdulR1970 SharafMe1987
- Polygonaceae
- Antigonon leptopus | AbdulR2015
- Portulacaceae
- Portulaca grandiflora | SharafMe1987 Willia2004a
- Proteaceae
- Grevillea robusta | SharafMe1987
- Rhamnaceae
- Ziziphus | Ali1967a AvasthSh1987 Varshn1992
- Ziziphus jujuba | Willia2004a
- Ziziphus mauritiana | FallahAbSa2013 SharafMe1987 Willia2004a
- Ziziphus spina-christi | AbdulR1970 AbdulR2015 BenDov1994 Hall1923 James1933a Matile1984c SharafMe1987
- Rosaceae
- Cydonia oblonga | AbdulR2015
- Eriobotrya japonica | BenDov1994 Takaha1955f
- Malus domestica | AbdulR2015 | (= Pyrus malus)
- Prunus armeniaca | AbdulR2015
- Pyrus communis | AbdulR1970 SharafMe1987
- Rosa | AbdulR1970 SharafMe1987
- Rosa canina | AbdulR2015
- Rubiaceae
- Coffea arabica | BenDov1994 DeLott1967a James1933 James1936 Newste1920 SharafMe1987 Willia2004a
- Coffea liberica | Willia2004a
- Gardenia jasminoides | Stocks2013a
- Ixora | Ali1967a SharafMe1987 Varshn1992
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | Ali1967a Ali1968 BenDov1994 Ferris1954a GhoshGh1989 Matile1988 Reyne1961 WilliaWa1988a | (= Feronia)
- Citrus aurantiifolia | SharafMe1987 WilliaWa1988a | (= Citrus medica var. acida)
- Citrus aurantium | AbdulR1970 BenDov1994 SharafMe1987 | (including Citrus aurantium subsp. bergamia)
- Citrus bigaradia | Moghad2013a
- Citrus limon | AbdulR1970 BenDov1985a BenDov1994 SharafMe1987 | (= Citrus x bergamia) (= Citrus volkameriana)
- Citrus maxima | AbdulR1970 BenDov1985a BenDov1994 SharafMe1987 Willia2004a | (= Citrus grandis)
- Citrus medica | AbdulR1970 Ali1957a BenDov1994 SharafMe1987 | (= Citrus limetta)
- Citrus paradisi | AbdulR2015
- Citrus reticulata | SharafMe1987 | (= Citrus nobilis)
- Citrus sinensis | Ali1957a BenDov1985a Willia1985
- Citrus trifoliata | OlabiyStDi2023
- Clausena lansium | MartinLa2011
- Glycosmis | SharafMe1987 Varshn1992
- Glycosmis pentaphylla | SharafMe1987
- Limonia | Ali1967a SharafMe1987 | (= Ferronia)
- Limonia acidissima | Ali1967a SharafMe1987 | (= Ferronia elephantum)
- Murraya koenigii | SharafMe1987
- Salicaceae
- Flacourtia | Varshn1992
- Flacourtia indica | SharafMe1987
- Flacourtia inermis | Willia2004a
- Sapindaceae
- Dimocarpus longan | MartinLa2011
- Nephelium lappaceum | Willia2004a
- Saururaceae
- Houttuynia | EFSA2022g
- Solanaceae
- Cestrum nocturnum | AbdulR2015
- Datura stramonium | Willia2004a
- Solanum | Varshn1992
- Solanum lycopersicum | AbdulR1970 AbdulR2015 SharafMe1987 Willia2004a | (= Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Solanum melongena | Ali1967a SharafMe1987 | (= Lycopersicon melongena)
- Solanum nigrum | AbdulR2015
- Solanum tuberosum | Ali1967a BenDov1994 Hall1923 SharafMe1987 Willia2004a
- Tamaricaceae
- Tamarix | BenDov1994 WilliaWa1988a
- Theaceae
- Camellia | Ruther1915 Varshn1992 | (= Thea)
- Camellia sinensis | Ali1967a Willia2004a | (= Thea sinensis)
- Ulmaceae
- Ulmaceae | Moghad2013
- Urticaceae
- Pilea microphylla | EFSA2022g
- Pilea serpyllacea | AbdulR2015
- Verbenaceae
- Lantana camara | AbdulR2015
- Verbena | AbdulR1970 SharafMe1987
- Vitaceae
- Vitis | Varshn1992
- Vitis vinifera | AbdulR1970 Ali1967a BenDov1994 Hall1923 SharafMe1987 Willia1988a Willia2004a
- Zygophyllaceae
- Zygophyllum fabago | AbdulR2015
Foes:
Families: 22 | Genera: 68
- Anthocoridae
- Orius insidiosus | MiddleDeDi2024
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus | SharafMe1987
- Coccophagus ceroplastae | KondoWa2022c
- Coccophagus cowperi | SharafMe1987
- Coccophagus perhispidus | SharafMe1987
- Coccophagus pseudococci | SharafMe1987
- Euryischomyia washingtoni | SharafMe1987
- Marietta connecta | KondoWa2022c
- Marietta leopardina | AbdRab2001d
- Marietta picta | KondoWa2022c
- Araneidae
- Argiope | BharpoKoKo2009
- Neoscona | BharpoKoKo2009
- Blastobasidae
- Holcocera crassicornella | MiddleDeDi2024
- Carcinophoridae
- Euborellia annulipes | MiddleDeDi2024
- Cecidomyiidae
- Diadiplosis coccidivora | Barnes1930
- Diadiplosis koebelei | SharafMe1987
- Dicrodiplosis | SharafMe1987 SinhaSaDi1985
- Dicrodiplosis manihoti | FallahShOs2008a
- Dicrodiplosis pseudococci | SharafMe1987
- Chamaemyiidae
- Leucopina bella | MiddleDeDi2024
- Leucopis luteicornis | SharafMe1987
- Chrysopidae
- Ceraeochrysa | MiddleDeDi2024
- Chrysopa | SharafMe1987
- Chrysoperla carnea | SharafMe1987 ZakeriZiFa2009
- Chrysoperla mutata | KondoWa2022c | (=- Chrysopa mutata)
- Coccinellidae
- Adalia bipunctata | MiddleDeDi2024
- Chilocorus haematocephalus | SharafMe1987
- Coccinella septempunctata | MiddleDeDi2024
- Cryptolaemus montrouzieri | SharafMe1987
- Curinus coeruleus | MiddleDeDi2024
- Delphastus pusillus | KondoWa2022c
- Diomus austrinus | MiddleDeDi2024
- Exochomus melanocephalus | FallahAbSa2013
- Exochomus nigripennis | SharafMe1987
- Harmonia axyridis | MiddleDeDi2024
- Hippodamia convergens | MiddleDeDi2024
- Hyperaspis maindroni | SinhaSaDi1985
- Hyperaspis polita | FallahAbSa2013 JalilvShFa2014 Moghad2013
- Hyperaspis pumila | SharafMe1987
- Nephus | Moghad2013 SharafMe1987 SinhaSaDi1985
- Nephus (Bipunctatus) conjunctus | FallahAbSa2013 Moghad2013 | (= Nephus (Bipunctatus) includens)
- Nephus (Geminosipho) fenestratus | FallahAbSa2013
- Nephus arcuatus | ZarghaMoKo2016
- Nephus bipunctatus | SharafMe1987
- Nephus regularis | SharafMe1987
- Nephus roepkei | SharafMe1987
- Nephus ryuguus | KondoWa2022c
- Scymnus | SharafMe1987
- Scymnus (Pullus) coccivora | SharafMe1987
- Scymnus (Pullus) syriacus | SharafMe1987 KondoWa2022c
- Scymnus fuscatus | SharafMe1987
- Scymnus nubilus | KondoWa2022c
- Stethorus punctillum | SharafMe1987
- Cosmopterigidae
- Anatrachyntis badia | MiddleDeDi2024
- Pyroderces | KondoWa2022c
- Cybocephalidae
- Cybocephalus | SharafMe1987
- Drosophilidae
- Cacoxenus multidentatus | TsacasCh1999
- Cacoxenus perspicax | SharafMe1987
- Drosophilidae | SinhaSaDi1985
- Gitona | SharafMe1987
- Encyrtidae
- Acerophagus utilis | KondoWa2022c
- Aenasius indicus | SharafMe1987 | (= Neodiscodes indicus)
- Ageniaspis fuscicollis | MoghadWa2022
- Alamella flava | ChackoSi1980 SharafMe1987
- Anagyrus aegyptiacus | AbdRab2001d Moore1988 SharafMe1987
- Anagyrus agraensis | BeardsTr2002
- Anagyrus aligarhensis | Moghad2013
- Anagyrus almoriensis | SharafMe1987 GuptaBiPr2022
- Anagyrus aurantifrons | LePell1959
- Anagyrus chrysos | KondoWa2022c
- Anagyrus clauseni | KondoWa2022c
- Anagyrus dactylopii | Moore1988 SharafMe1987 Trjapi1989 | (= Anagyrus scutomacutalus)(= Aphycus dactylopii)
- Anagyrus indicus | SharafMe1987
- Anagyrus kamali | SharafMe1987 | (= Anagyrus nigroradiclatus)
- Anagyrus levis | KondoWa2022c
- Anagyrus mirzai | SharafMe1987 | (= Anagyrus gunturiensis)
- Anagyrus pseudococci | AbdRab2001d SharafMe1987
- Anagyrus ranchiensis | KondoWa2022c
- Anagyrus sawadai | KondoWa2022c
- Apoleptomastix rufiscapus | KondoWa2022c
- Cerchysius laticeps | SinhaSaDi1985
- Cheiloneurus carinatus | KondoWa2022c
- Cheiloneurus latiscapus | SharafMe1987 | (= Cheiloneurus albifuniculus)
- Coccidencyrtus | SharafMe1987
- Coccidoctonus terebratus | SharafMe1987 | (= Echthroplexis terebratus)
- Gyranusoidea flava | KondoWa2022c
- Gyranusoidea indica | SharafMe1987
- Gyranusoidea munda | KondoWa2022c
- Homalotylus | SharafMe1987
- Homalotylus albiclavatus | SharafMe1987
- Homalotylus eytelweinii | SharafMe1987
- Homalotylus flaminius | SharafMe1987
- Homalotylus hemipterinus | SharafMe1987 | (= Homalotylus nigritus)
- Homalotylus indicus | SinhaSaDi1985 | (= Homalotylus nipaecocci )
- Homalotylus quaylei | KondoWa2022c
- Leptomastidea alleni | FallahShOs2008
- Leptomastix | SharafMe1987
- Leptomastix dactylopii | Moore1988
- Leptomastix flava | AbdRab2001d
- Leptomastix gunturiensis | SharafMe1987
- Leptomastix longicornis | FallahJaAb2014
- Leptomastix nigrocoxalis | AbdRab2001d Moore1988 SharafMe1987 | (= Leptomastix phenacocci)
- Parechthrodryinus albiclavatus | SharafMe1987
- Praleurocerus viridis | KondoWa2022c
- Prochiloneurus | SharafMe1987 | (= Achrysopophagus)
- Prochiloneurus aegyptiacus | SharafMe1987 | (= Achrysopophagus aegyptiacas)
- Prochiloneurus agarwali | KondoWa2022c
- Prochiloneurus albifuniculus | SharafMe1987
- Prochiloneurus comperei | KondoWa2022c
- Prochiloneurus indicus | SharafMe1987
- Prochiloneurus insolitus | SharafMe1987
- Prochiloneurus io | SharafMe1987 Trjapi1989 | (= Achrysopophagus io)
- Prochiloneurus pulchellus | KondoWa2022c
- Prochiloneurus testaceus | SharafMe1987 | (= Prochiloneurus hayati)
- Pseudectroma gilvum | KondoWa2022c
- Pseudectroma signatum | KondoWa2022c
- Tyndarichus albiclavatus | KondoWa2022c
- Eulophidae
- Aprostocetus | KondoWa2022c
- Aprostocetus rajai | KondoWa2022c
- Tetrastichus | SharafMe1987 SinhaSaDi1985
- Eupelmidae
- Anastatus | SharafMe1987
- Hemerobiidae
- Sympherobius | MiddleDeDi2024
- Noctuidae
- Autoba costimacula | KondoWa2022c
- Oxyopidae
- Oxyopes | BharpoKoKo2009
- Peucetia | BharpoKoKo2009
- Pteromalidae
- Cephaleta australiensis | KondoWa2022c
- Pachyneuron | SharafMe1987
- Pachyneuron muscarum | Moghad2013
- Pachyneuron planiscuta | KondoWa2022c
- Promuscidea unfasciativentris | Ali1968 SharafMe1987 SinhaSaDi1985
- Pyralidae
- Moodna ostrinella | MiddleDeDi2024
- Signiphoridae
- Chartocerus fimbriae | SharafMe1987
- Chartocerus hyalipennis | SharafMe1987
- Chartocerus kerrichi | SharafMe1987
- Chartocerus kurdjumovi | SharafMe1987
- Chartocerus subaeneus | AbdRab2001d
- Thysanus | SharafMe1987
- Syrphidae
- Fragosa | MiddleDeDi2024
Associates:
Families: 2 | Genera: 8
- Betaproteobacteria
- Candidatus Tremblaya princeps | ChoiLe2022
- Formicidae
- Camponotus compressus | SharmaSu2011
- Crematogaster | SharmaSu2011
- Meranoplus | SharmaSu2011
- Myrmicaria brunnea | SharmaSu2011
- Oecophylla smaragdina | SharmaSu2011
- Technomyrmex albipes | SharmaSu2011
- Tetraponera rufonigra | SharmaSu2011
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 68
- Afghanistan | KozarFoZa1996
- Algeria | SharafMe1987
- Angola | Almeid1973 BenDov1994 DeLott1967a
- Australia
- Northern Territory | BenDov1994 Willia1985
- Queensland | SmithBeBr1997 Willia1985
- Bahamas | EFSA2022g
- Bangladesh | BenDov1994 CABI1983a Varshn1992 Willia2004a
- Benin | BenDov1994 CABI1983a
- Bhutan | Willia2004a
- Burkina Faso | BenDov1994 CABI1983a
- Burma (=Myanmar) | Crowe1985
- China | BenDov1994 Borchs1956 Ferris1954a
- Hainan | WangZhTi2018
- Henan (=Honan) | SunLiWa2018
- Hunan | BenDov1994 HuHeWa1992
- Nei Monggol (=Inner Mongolia) | BenDov1994 TangLi1988
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | BenDov1994 CABI1983a
- Christmas Island | NeumanODGu2016
- Comoros | BenDov1994 Mamet1960 Matile1978
- Cote d'Ivoire (=Ivory Coast) | BenDov1994 CABI1983a
- Egypt | BenDov1994 CABI1983a Hall1923
- Eritrea | SharafMe1987
- Guam | SharafMe1987
- Hawaiian Islands
- Hawaii | Beards1960 BenDov1994 Kirkal1902 Maskel1895b
- India | Ali1967a Ali1970a AvasthSh1987 BenDov1994 GhoshGh1989 SinhaSaDi1985 Varshn1992
- Andhra Pradesh | Varshn1992 Willia2004a
- Assam | Willia2004a
- Bihar | Mohamm1963 Varshn1992 Willia2004a
- Goa | Varshn1992
- Gujarat | BharpoKoKo2009 Willia2004a
- Himachal Pradesh | Varshn1992
- Karnataka | Varshn1992 Willia2004a
- Kerala | Varshn1992 Willia2004a
- Madhya Pradesh | Willia2004a
- Maharashtra | Varshn1992 Willia2004a
- NCT Delhi | Varshn1992
- Odisha (=Orissa) | Varshn1992 Willia2004a
- Punjab | Willia2004a
- Rajasthan | Willia2004a
- Tamil Nadu | Varshn1992 Willia2004a
- Tripura | Willia2004a
- Uttar Pradesh | Varshn1992 Willia2004a
- West Bengal | Nath1972 Varshn1992 Willia2004a
- Indonesia
- Irian Jaya | BenDov1994 CABI1983a
- Java | BenDov1994 CABI1983a Willia2004a
- Sulawesi (=Celebes) | Willia2004a
- Sumatra | ZarkanErAp2023
- Iran | BenDov1994 CABI1983a KozarFoZa1996 Moghad2009
- Iraq | AbdulR1970 BenDov1994
- Israel | BenDov1985a BenDov1994 BenDovSwQa1985
- Japan | BenDov1994 Kawai1980 KinjoNaHi1996 Takaha1955f
- Jordan | BenDov1994 SharafMe1987
- Kampuchea (=Cambodia) | BenDov1994 CABI1983a Willia2004a
- Kenya | BenDov1994 James1933a James1936
- Kiribati | BenDov1994 WilliaWa1988a
- Laos | GavrilNo2024
- Madagascar | BenDov1994 CABI1983a
- Malawi | BenDov1994 CABI1983a
- Malaysia | BenDov1994 CABI1983a Willia2004a
- Mali | BenDov1994 CABI1983a
- Mauritius | EFSA2022g
- Mexico | EFSA2022g
- Nepal | BenDov1994 CABI1983a Willia2004a
- New Caledonia | BenDov1994 WilliaWa1988a
- Niger | BenDov1994 CABI1983a
- Nigeria | BenDov1994 CABI1983a
- Northern Mariana Islands | SharafMe1987
- Oman | BenDov1994 CABI1983a
- Pakistan | BenDov1994 CABI1983a Varshn1992 Willia2004a
- Papua New Guinea | BenDov1994 Reyne1961 WilliaWa1988a
- Philippines | BenDov1994 CABI1983a Willia2004a
- Luzon | BenDov1994 LitCa1994a
- Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014
- Rwanda | EFSA2022g
- Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) | KondoWa2022c
- Saudi Arabia | Beccar1971 BenDov1994 CABI1983a Matile1984c Matile1988
- Senegal | BenDov1994 CABI1983a
- Seychelles | GermaiAtBa2008
- Singapore | Willia2004a
- Solomon Islands | BenDov1994 WilliaWa1988a
- South Africa | BenDov1994 Brain1915
- Sri Lanka | Ali1967a BenDov1994 Green1922 Green1937 Ruther1915 Varshn1992
- Sudan | BenDov1994 CABI1983a
- Syria | Ahmad1998
- Taiwan | BenDov1994 Ferris1954a
- Tanzania | BenDov1994 CABI1983a
- Thailand | BenDov1994 CABI1983a DownieGu2004 Willia2004a
- Togo | BenDov1994 CABI1983a
- Turkey | EFSA2022f
- Tuvalu | BenDov1994 CABI1983a
- Uganda | BenDov1994 Newste1920
- United States
- Florida | Stocks2013a StocksHo2010
- Vietnam | BenDov1994 DanzigKo1990 Willia2004a
- Zambia | EFSA2022g
- Zanzibar | WilliaMa2005a
- Zimbabwe | BenDov1994 CABI1983a
Keys
- EvansAb2023: pp.8-13 ( Adult (F) ) [Pseudococccidae of Egypt]
- JoshiSuRe2021: pp.118-119 ( Adult (F) ) [Field characters of mealybugs in cassava]
- JoshiSuRe2021: pp.119-120 ( Adult (F) ) [Microscopic characters of mealybugs in cassava]
- Hodgso2020: pp.32-34 ( Adult (M) ) [higher groups of Pseudococcidae]
- Suh2019a: pp.2-6 ( Adult (F) ) [mealybugs interepted in S. Korea]
- VonEllWaKi2018: pp.177 ( Adult (F) ) [Nipaecoccus in the U.S. and territories]
- DanzigGa2015: pp.476-477 ( Adult (F) ) [Nipaecoccus species]
- MoghadEs2014: pp.59 ( Adult (F) ) [Species on Ficus in Iran]
- ParsaKoWi2012: pp.10-Aug ( Adult (F) ) [Key to mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) recorded on Manihot spp. (Euphorbiaceae) in the World]
- WilliaMa2009a: pp.97-101 ( Adult (F) ) [Pseudococcidae species from Mauritius]
- Willia2004a: pp.442 ( Adult (F) ) [Nipaecoccus species of southern Asia]
- Willia1985: pp.229 ( Adult (F) ) [Australia]
- McKenz1967: pp.206 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A., California]
- Beards1960: pp.212 ( Adult (M) ) [Hawaii]
- Ferris1953a: pp.388 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Ferris1950b: pp.103 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Zimmer1948: pp.176 ( Adult (F) ) [Hawaii]
Remarks
- Systematics: Tinsley (1900: 65) erroneously synonymized Dactylopius vastator Maskell with Dactylopius filamentosus Cockerell. Females studied by von Ellenrieder, et al., 2018 which presented N. nipae morphology and analyzed for COI presented three distinct sequences differing by 5– 7% from each other. The COI sequences of specimens of N. viridis from Malaysia and Guam were identical. The sequence of N. nipae complex1 (matching N. nipae morphology, with only a few ventral multilocular pores all restricted to medial areas of SIV–VIII and no dorsal OC) matches COI sequences identified as N. viridis from South Africa, but differs by 12% from the COI sequences of specimens matching N. viridis morphology from Guam and Malaysia (this study) and also by 12% from sequences of specimens identified as N. viridis in unpublished studies from China and India available in GenBank; this indicates that the South African sequence uploaded to GenBank as N. viridis represents a misidentification. (von Ellexnrieder, et al., 2018)
- Structure: Freshly laid eggs are oval, brownish white to orange, and turning brownish-red or purplish prior to hatching. Immature females are oval and purplish or dark red, resembling adult females with less waxy covering. Immature males are light brown, slightly longer, and more slender than immature females. (Olabiyi, et al., 2023) Young adult female oval, 2.5‒4.0 mm long, becoming very rotund with maturity; body coated with thick mealy wax that is white initially but may turn pale yellow with age; body contents dark green / purple / brown-purple. A large hemispherical ovisac of loose, sticky, elastic white wax filaments is produced from under the abdomen, and may contain several hundred violet eggs; ovisac material may cover body. (Moghaddam & Watson, 2022) Colour photograph given by Kawai (1980). Slide-mounted adult female broadly oval. Anal lobes moderately developed. Antennae each usually with 7 segments. (Moghaddam & Watson, 2022)
- Biology: Nipaecoccus viridis reproduces both sexually and parthenogenically. Eggs are laid in a large hemispherical ovisac, which usually hide the female. Females lay about 300–500 eggs in their lifetime and sometimes more than 1,100 eggs. The mealybug prefers to feed and reproduce on fast growing tissues like new branches and fruits. (EFSA2021) On citrus it infests twigs, shoots, leaves, flower buds and fruit. The mealybug colonizes on the host's branches, twigs, shoots, leaves, flower buds and fruits, and feed on roots. From these parts, the mealybug sucks up the plant sap, causing curling and dwarfing of the terminal growth, abortion of flowers, and yellowing of leaves and dropping of fruits (Sharaf & Meyerdirk, 1987). Mean longevity of adult males is 81.3 ± 2.5 h. The estimated duration of the sexually active phase of the adult male within life span varied between mealybug species. Among the seven tested species, Ps. longispinus displayed the shortest period (34.4 h) and N. viridis the longest one (46.6 h).There is a sexual maturation period of the adult males which was indicated by maximum growth of waxy caudal filaments. (Mendel, et al., 2012)
- Economic Importance: Nipaecoccus viridis attacks several citrus species causing considerable damage in orchards in citrus-growing regions worldwide. it has been found infesting mature groves and young replanted trees of commercial citrus in Florida. (Olabiyi, et al., 2023) It is widerspread throughout the tropics and subtropics, attacking numerous plant species and often causing considerable damage (Clausen, 1978; Sharaf & Meyerdirk, 1987). Biology and pest status on coffee presented by Le Pelley (1968).
Ahmed, et al. incorporated a solution of 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution with a pH of 14 that turned N. viridis haemolymph green in less than a minute into a field diagnostic kit. They developed and tested the kit for commercial production systems in citrus and ornamental plant industries. This kit will aid in controlling N. viridis in the field and contribute to efforts to halt its further spread in Florida and the United States.
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Ferris in Zimmerman (1948) (as P. vastator, Ferris (1954), De Lotto (1957), Ali (1959), Williams (1985), Williams & Watson (1988a), Ghosh & Ghose (1989) and by Williams (2004a). Description and illustration of adult male by Afifi (1968) and by Ghosh & Ghose (1989). Good description of the adult male given by Beardsley (1960). Good description and illustration of the first-instar nymph given by Ghosh & Ghose (1989). Good description and illustration of the second-instar female and third-instar female given by Ghosh & Ghose (1989). Good description and illustration of the third-instar male nymph and fourth-instar male nymph given by Ghosh & Ghose (1989). There has been considerable confusion about the true identities of Nipaecoccus viridis and N. filamentosus (Cockerell). In many instances discussions about N. filamentosus pertain instead to N. viridis. Nipaecoccus filamentosus is restricted to a few islands in the Caribbean, whereas N. viridis is widespread in many of the tropical areas of the old world. "Because the original slide preparations of Dactylopius filamentosus were labelled South Caicos, Bahamas {an old connection}, instead of South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands, and, because of the early synonymy of D. vastator (= Nipaecoccus viridis) with it, N. viridis was wrongly recorded in the Bahamas and Mexico in a distribution map by the Commonwealth Institute of Entomology (1983). Nipaecoccus viridis has never been found in the Bahamas and Mexico." (Williams & Miller, 2010a)
Illustrations
Citations
- AbassiSi1966: biological control, distribution, 408-410
- AbdRab2001d: biological control, distribution, 1361
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 42
- AbdulR1970: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 105-108
- Afifi1968: description, illustration, taxonomy, 110-114
- Ahmad1998: distribution, host, 29
- AhmedDe2022: diagnosis,
- AhmedDoVo2023: control, diagnosis,
- AlAnsiAlFa2020: natural enemies, 64
- Ali1957a: description, distribution, ecology, host, 54-57
- Ali1959: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 142-144
- Ali1967a: distribution, host, 32-33
- Ali1968: distribution, host, 126-127
- Ali1970a: catalog, distribution, host, 113
- AltierNi1999: biological control, 919-933
- Anneck1969: biological control, 849-854
- AvasthSh1987: distribution, host, 29-30
- BalikaKoPr2011: distribution, host, 580
- BarZakPeCh1987: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 855-860
- Barnes1930: biological control, distribution, host, 319-329
- Bartle1978e: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 146, 147
- Beards1960: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 235-236
- BeardsTr2002: biological control, distribution, host, 141-142
- Beccar1971: distribution, host, 194
- Bedfor1973: biological control, 4-11
- BenDov1985a: distribution, host, 188
- BenDov1994: catalog, 256-257
- BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 35, 43
- BenDovSwQa1985: distribution, host, 716
- BharpoKoKo2009: distribution, host, natural enemies,
- Brain1915: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 105-107
- Buckle1987: ecology, life history, 53-85
- Butani1979: economic importance, 36-40
- ChackoSi1980: biological control, distribution, host, 63-64
- ChoiLe2022: endosymbiont, phylogeny, 358,359
- Comper1938: biological control, 315-337
- Crowe1985: distribution,
- DanzigGa2015: diagnosis, distribution, key, taxonomy, 477, 487-488
- DanzigKo1990: distribution, host, 40
- Das1959: ecology, life history, 437-448
- DeLott1957b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 228-230
- DeLott1967a: distribution, host, 118
- DeitzTo1980: taxonomy, 55
- DiepenAh2020: control, diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration,
- DownieGu2004: distribution, host, molecular data, phylogeny, 258-259
- Dutt1964: distribution, economic importance, host, 59-71
- EFSA2021: biology, control, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 18, 30-31, 46, 134-149
- EFSA2021a: biology, distribution, economic importance, host, 22, 32-33, 95-97
- EFSA2022f: biology, distribution, economic importance, 42, 43, 151-160
- EFSA2022g: biology, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy,
- EFSA2024c: dispersal, economic importance, host, list, 23
- ESA2021: nomenclature, 38
- ElHaidAz1978: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 41-46
- ElShaf2012: distribution, host, 520
- ElangoSrVi2021: distribution, host, 126
- EtzelLe1999: biological control, 125-197
- EvansAb2023: distribution, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 6, 7, 10, 21, 56
- EzzatNa1987: distribution, 89
- FDACS2010: distribution, host, 4
- FallahAbSa2013: biological control, distribution, host, 673-679
- FallahHeMo2002: biological control, distribution, host, 81-82
- FallahJa2017: distribution, host, natural enemies, 4, 5, 6, 9, 17, 18, 26, 34
- FallahJaAb2014: biological control, host, 516
- FallahShOs2008: biological control, distribution, host, 13-14
- FallahShOs2008a: biological control, distribution, host, 17-18
- FandAmYa2020: biological control, natural enemies,
- FarhadEsMo2019: distribution, life history, natural enemies,
- Fernal1903b: 112
- Ferris1950b: taxonomy, 103
- Ferris1954a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 53-54
- FranciKaRo2012: biological control, 295
- FrancoCoLu2021: reproduction, 254
- FrancoSuBo2004: biological control, 507-522
- FrancoZaMe2009: behavior,
- GainesStNe2022: natural enemies,
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 223
- GavrilNo2024: distribution, host, record, 290
- GermaiAtBa2008: distribution, host, 129-135
- GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, host, 24
- GhoshGh1989: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 564-570
- GhoshGh2000: ecology, life history, 922-925
- GithaeOnNd2021: distribution, host, 81
- Green1922: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 379
- Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 293-294
- Gross1993: life history, 251-273
- GrossDrSt1997: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- GrossGeRo2000: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 234-240
- GroveDe2017: distribution, host, 300
- GroveDeDa2013: distribution, host, 378
- Gullan2000: description, taxonomy, 160-166
- Gupta2018: control, distribution, host, 153-154
- Hall1923: distribution, host, 35-36
- HardyGuHo2008: molecular data, phylogeny, taxonomy, 51-71
- Hawkin1994: biological control, 3
- Hayat1971: 421-432
- Hodgso2012: taxonomy, 64
- Hodgso2020: key, 34
- HuHeWa1992: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 178
- JalilvShFa2014: distribution, host, natural enemies, 3, 5, 7
- James1933a: distribution, host, 435
- James1936: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 203-204
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 29
- JoshiSuRe2021: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key,
- KakotiDeRo2022: distribution, host, list, 9
- Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 117
- KaydanCaUl2013: economic importance, 169
- KinjoNaHi1996: distribution, host, 126
- KlaewkSu2005: biological control, 156-162
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 24
- KondoWa2022c: biology, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, natural enemies, taxonomy, 154-156
- KozarFoZa1996: distribution, host, 64
- LePell1959: biological control, distribution, host,
- LeviZStFe2019: chemical ecology, control,
- LeviZaStBe2021: chemistry,
- LitCa1994a: distribution, host, 392
- MalipaDuSm2000: biological control, 72
- Mamet1960: distribution, host, 158
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, host, 47
- MarzoBVaNa2024: chemical, reproductive system, 21488
- Matile1978: distribution, host, 50
- Matile1984c: distribution, host, 225
- Matile1988: distribution, host, 35
- MendelGrBl1995: biological control, 55-64
- MendelJaPr2012: behavior,
- MendelPrJa2012: biological control, ecology, 385-394
- Meyerd2003: distribution, host,
- MiddleDeDi2024: biological control, natural enemies,
- MiddleDi2022: control,
- MiddleKiJo2022: ant association, natural enemies,
- Millar2002: illustration, 228
- MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, natural enemies, 150
- Moghad2008: distribution, economic importance, host, 155-156
- Moghad2009: distribution, host, 21,22
- Moghad2013: description, distribution, host, illustration, structure, taxonomy, 6, 32-33, 35, 99
- Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 66
- MoghadEs2014: key, 59
- MoghadWa2022: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, illustration, natural enemies, 10, 70-72, 146
- MoghadWa2024: economic importance, 18
- Mohamm1963: distribution, host, taxonomy, 126
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 155
- Mohara1990: structure, 48
- Moore1988: biological control, 212
- MossadBa1996: biological control, distribution, host, 665
- MossadKh1996: life history, 656
- Nath1972: distribution, host, 6
- Nechol1995: biological control, distribution, host, 164-165
- Nechol2003: biological control, distribution, host, 324-329
- NecholKi1985: biological control, life history, 32-37
- NeumanODGu2016: ant association, dispersal, distribution, host, 159-166
- Newste1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 179-180
- OlabiyDiMa2024: behavior, chemical ecology, control, nymph,
- OlabiyDuPr2022: biological control, entomopathogenic fungi,
- OlabiyMiAh2023: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration,
- OlabiyStDi2023: biology, distribution, economic importance, host,
- OlabiyStDi2024: host, phenology,
- ParidaMo1982: distribution, structure, 19
- ParsaKoWi2012: taxonomy, 9
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 343, 345
- RenAsHu2017: DNA, phylogeny, 4, 6
- Reyne1961: distribution, host, 125
- RossHaOk2012: phylogeny, taxonomy, 199
- Ruther1915: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 111
- SahaGh2001: chemical control, 764-766
- SahuJoGa2019: host, 94
- SahuJoGa2019: biological control, distribution, natural enemies,
- SahuJoGa2019: biological control, distribution, natural enemies,
- SarojaKaVe2013: distribution, economic importance, host,
- Sassce1911: taxonomy, 65
- Seraj1999: chemical control, distribution, host, 121-128
- SharafMe1987: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 2-16
- SharmaSu2011: distribution, ecology, 62-64
- SheraKaSh2017: natural enemies,
- SinhaSaDi1985: biological control, distribution, host, 14-15
- SmithBeBr1997: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 85-87
- SoleymDe2001: biological control, distribution, host, 2
- Stocks2013a: distribution, host, natural enemies, 243-245
- StocksHo2010: biology, diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, illustration,
- Suh2019a: key, 6
- SunLiWa2018: distribution,
- Takaha1955f: distribution, host, 239
- Talhou2002: distribution, economic importance, host, 84-85
- Tang1992: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 335-336
- Tang2001: distribution, 3
- TangLi1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 44, 46
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 21
- Trjapi1989: biological control, 137, 316
- TsacasCh1999: biological control, 102
- UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S124
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, 43
- Varshn2005: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 148-149
- VidyaBh2017: distribution, host, natural enemies, 215
- WaltonKrSa2009: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-6
- WangZhTi2018: distribution, host, 2
- Watson2021: distribution, 526
- Willia1985: distribution, host, taxonomy, 244, 245
- Willia1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 91-92
- Willia2004a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 448-452
- Willia2005: distribution, host, 168
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 246, 249, 250, 251
- WilliaBe2015: taxonomy, 166, 168
- WilliaMa2005a: distribution, host, 146
- WilliaMa2012: distribution, host, 88
- WilliaMi1999: life history, taxonomy, 524
- WilliaMi2010a: distribution, taxonomy,
- WilliaWa1988a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 123-125
- ZakeriZiFa2009: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 126-139
- ZarghaMoKo2016: natural enemies, 1-9
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 181
- ZarkanErAp2023: distribution, 165
- Zimmer1948: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 176, 245-254
- vanden1995: distribution, host, 1-4
- vanden2001c: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 196-208
