Valid Names Results
Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis (Green, 1896) (Diaspididae: Pseudaonidia)Nomenclatural History
- Aspidiotus trilobitiformis Green 1896: 4. Type data: SRI LANKA: Punduloya, on leaves of unidentified tree.. Holotype, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name
- Aspidiotus (Pseudaonidia) trilobitiformis Green, 1896; Cockerell 1897i: 28. change of combination
- Aspidiotus (Evaspidiotus) trilobitiformis Green, 1896; Leonardi 1898a: 77. change of combination
- Aspidiotus darutyi Charmoy 1898: 278. Type data: MAURITIUS: on various plants, especially common on mango.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Borchs1966, 232). Illustr.
- Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis (Green, 1896); Cockerell 1899a: 396. change of combination
- Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis darutyi (Charmoy, 1898); Fernald 1903b: 284. change in status (level)
- Aspidiotus trilobiformis Green, 1896; Kuwana 1907: 194. misspelling of species epithet
- Pseudaonidia darutyi (Charmoy, 1898); Marlatt 1908: 137. change of combination and rank
- Pseudoaonidia trilobitiformis; Leonardi 1914: 203. misspelling of genus name
- Aspidiotus daruyi Charmoy, 1898; Borchsenius 1966: 232. misspelling of species epithet
- Pseudaonidiella trilobitiformis; Remillet 1988: 61. misspelling of genus name
- Peudaonidia trilobitiformis; Williams, D.J. 2017a: 234. misspelling of genus name
Common Names
- cashew scale MillerDa2005
- gingging scale VelasqRi1969
- Trilobe scale MillerDa2005
- trilobe scale MillerDa2005
- escama de la hoja del nÃspero KondoWa2022b
- koban-gata-maru-kaigaramushi KondoWa2022b
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 57 | Genera: 130
- Achariaceae
- Hydnocarpus wightianus | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Anacardiaceae
- Anacardium | Green1937 MatileNo1984
- Anacardium occidentale | Almeid1973b Borchs1966 Leonar1914 Lepage1938 Mamet1943a Mamet1950 WilliaBu1987 WilliaWa1988
- Mangifera | Green1937 Marlat1908
- Mangifera indica | Borchs1966 Charmo1898 GrandpCh1899 Lepage1938 Mamet1943a Mamet1951 Marlat1908 WolffCo1993a
- Nothopegia colebrookiana | Green1900a Green1937 Marlat1908 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930
- Schinus molle | Mamet1957
- Schinus terebinthifolia | Cohic1958 Mamet1957 WilliaWa1988
- Sclerocarya birrea | Borchs1966 Mamet1950 Mamet1959a | ssp. caffra (= Sclerocarya caffra)
- Annonaceae
- Annona | Lepage1938 WilliaWa1988
- Annona reticulata | Borchs1966 Mamet1956
- Annona squamosa | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Cananga odorata | Matile1978
- Apocynaceae
- Acokanthera schimperi | Marlat1908 | (= Acokanthera abyssinica)
- Adenium | KondoWa2022b
- Carissa carandas | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Carissa spinarum | Borchs1966 Mamet1950 | (= Carissa madagascariensis)
- Cascabela thevetia | Almeid1971 | (= Thevetia peruviana)
- Catharanthus roseus | Cohic1958 MilleHeCa2016 WilliaWa1988
- Echites | Ramakr1930
- Nerium | Leonar1914
- Nerium indicum | Almeid1973b
- Nerium oleander | Borchs1966 Cohic1958 Lepage1938 Mamet1943a Marlat1908 WilliaWa1988
- Ochrosia oppositifolia | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988 | (= Cerbera oppositifolia)
- Plumeria rubra | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a WilliaWa1988 Borchs1966 Mamet1943a WilliaBu1987 WilliaWa1988 | (= Plumeria acutifolia)
- Thevetia | Balach1958b
- Trachelospermum asiaticum | Takagi1969a
- Araceae
- Anthurium | KondoWa2022b
- Epipremnum aureum | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988 | (= Pothos aureus)
- Monstera deliciosa | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Philodendron | Seabra1925
- Arecaceae
- Cocos nucifera | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Dictyosperma album | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Elaeis guineensis | Almeid1973b
- Howea | KondoWa2022b
- Hyphaene thebaica | Balach1958b
- Asparagaceae
- Agave vera-cruz | Marlat1908 | (= Agave mexicana)
- Cordyline | WilliaWa1988
- Cordyline neocaledonica | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988 | (= Taetsia neocaledonica)
- Dracaena | MatileNo1984
- Betulaceae
- Corylus | Lepage1938
- Bignoniaceae
- Crescentia cujete | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Pyrostegia venusta | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Boraginaceae
- Cordia myxa | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Bromeliaceae
- Ananas comosus | Balach1958b | (= Ananas sativa)
- Buxaceae
- Buxus | KondoWa2022b
- Calophyllaceae
- Calophyllum inophyllum | Cohic1958 Takagi1969a Takaha1929 WilliaWa1988
- Cannaceae
- Canna | KondoWa2022b
- Caprifoliaceae
- Lonicera | KondoWa2022b
- Caricaceae
- Carica papaya | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Combretaceae
- Terminalia arjuna | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Terminalia catappa | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Cycadaceae
- Cycas | JansenAl2023
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros | Ramakr1930
- Diospyros eriantha | Takagi1969a Takaha1935
- Diospyros kaki | Lepage1938
- Ericaceae
- Rhododendron | Suh2016
- Euphorbiaceae
- Aleurites | Almeid1971
- Aleurites moluccanus | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Codiaeum | Cohic1958 Laing1933 WilliaWa1988
- Euphorbiaceae | Borchs1966 Mamet1959a
- Hura crepitans | Borchs1966 Mamet1954
- Jatropha curcas | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Suregada lanceolata | Ramakr1930 | (= Gelonium lanceolatum)
- Vernicia fordii | Borchs1966 Mamet1954 | (= Aleurites fordii)
- Vernicia montana | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988 | (= Aleurites montanus)
- Fabaceae
- Acacia | MilleHeCa2016
- Acacia simplex | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988 | (= Acacia simplicifolia)
- Acacia spirorbis | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Bauhinia | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a Mamet1959a Matile1978
- Bauhinia monandra | MatileEt2006
- Bauhinia variegata | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Cassia | Borchs1966 Mamet1959a
- Clitoria ternatea | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Crotalaria | Borchs1966 Mamet1950
- Dalbergia | Ramakr1921a
- Dalbergia pseudo-sissoo | Green1896e Green1937 Marlat1908 Ramakr1919a | (= Dalbergia championii)
- Millettia pinnata | MatileEt2006
- Mucuna bennettii | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Pithecellobium unguis-cati | MatileEt2006
- Pongamia pinnata | MatileEt2006 | (= Derris indica)
- Senna siamea | Almeid1971 Almeid1973b | (= Cassia siamea)
- Senna spectabilis | MatileNo1984 | (= Cassia spectabilis)
- Fagaceae
- Quercus | Takagi1969a Takaha1934
- Gentianaceae
- Tachiadenus | Leonar1914 | (= Carissophyllum)
- Hydrangeaceae
- Hydrangea | Takagi1969a Takaha1933
- Iridaceae
- Dietes bicolor | MartinWoCu2022
- Lamiaceae
- Premna | WilliaBu1987 WilliaWa1988
- Tectona grandis | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Lauraceae
- Cinnamomum verum | Seabra1925 | (= Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
- Laurus nobilis | Cohic1958 Lepage1938 RosenDe1979 WilliaWa1988
- Machilus | Takagi1969a Takaha1929 Takaha1933
- Persea | WilliaWa1988
- Persea americana | Cohic1958 Lepage1938 WilliaBu1987 WilliaWa1988 | (= Persea gratissima)
- Lecythidaceae
- Barringtonia asiatica | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Loranthaceae
- Loranthus | KondoWa2022b
- Lythraceae
- Punica granatum | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia champaca | Matile1978 | (= Michelia champaca)
- Malvaceae
- Grewia | DeLott1967a
- Hibiscus | MatileNo1984
- Theobroma cacao | Lepage1938 Matile1978 Seabra1925 WilliaBu1987 WilliaWa1988
- Marantaceae
- Maranta | WilliaWa1988
- Meliaceae
- Swietenia mahagoni | MilleHeCa2016
- Xylocarpus granatum | Balach1958b | (= Xylocarpus obovatus)
- Moraceae
- Artocarpus | WilliaWa1988 Robins1917 WilliaBu1987 WilliaWa1988
- Artocarpus altilis | Borchs1966 Cohic1958 Mamet1943a WilliaWa1988 | (= Artocarpus communis) (= Artocarpus incisus)
- Artocarpus heterophyllus | Takagi1969a WilliaWa1988
- Artocarpus integer | Borchs1966 Cohic1958 Lepage1938 Mamet1943a Mamet1959a Takaha1929 | (= Artocarpus integrifolius)
- Brosimum utile | NormarMoKr2014
- Cudrania cochinchinensis | Takagi1969a
- Ficus | Borchs1966 GrandpCh1899 Lepage1938 Mamet1956 Mamet1959a Takagi1969a Takaha1929 Takaha1942b WilliaWa1988
- Ficus benghalensis | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Ficus elastica | Green1916 Takagi1969a
- Ficus hederacea | Marlat1908 Ruther1915a
- Ficus polyphlebia | Borchs1966 Mamet1950
- Ficus pumila | Cohic1958 Takagi1969a Takaha1932a Takaha1933 WilliaWa1988 | including var. awkeotsang (= Ficus awkeotsang)
- Ficus religiosa | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Ficus repens | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Ficus retusa | Takagi1969a Takaha1929
- Ficus thonningii | Balach1958b
- Ficus tinctoria | Takagi1969a | (= Ficus swinhoei)
- Ficus virens | Kuwana1933 | (= Ficus wightiana japonica)
- Myrtaceae
- Eucalyptus | KondoWa2022b
- Eugenia | Borchs1966 Mamet1950 Mamet1957 Mamet1959a
- Myrciaria dubia | WolffKoPe2016
- Myrtaceae | Marlat1908
- Myrtus | Balach1951
- Plinia cauliflora | Lepage1938 | (= Eugenia jaboticaba)
- Psidium | WilliaWa1988
- Psidium cattleyanum | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Psidium guajava | Borchs1966 Cohic1958 DanzigKo1990 Lepage1938 Mamet1943a
- Nyctaginaceae
- Bougainvillea | Almeid1973b
- Oleaceae
- Jasminum | Green1937
- Olea europaea | WolffEfAq2018
- Orchidaceae
- Sobralia | KondoWa2022b
- Papaveraceae
- Fumaria | Balach1958b
- Passifloraceae
- Passiflora | WilliaWa1988
- Passiflora edulis | Borchs1966 Cohic1958 Mamet1943a WilliaWa1988
- Passiflora laurifolia | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Passiflora quadrangularis | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Pentaphylacaceae
- Eurya japonica | Takagi1969a
- Pittosporaceae
- Pittosporum | Matile1978
- Polygonaceae
- Coccoloba uvifera | MatileEt2006
- Rhamnaceae
- Ziziphus | Borchs1966 Mamet1959a
- Ziziphus spina-christi | Borchs1966 Mamet1950
- Rosaceae
- Eriobotrya japonica | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Mespilus germanica | Almeid1971
- Prunus domestica | Lepage1938
- Pyrus | Lepage1938
- Rosa | Almeid1973b Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Rubiaceae
- Cephalanthus | Borchs1966 Mamet1959a
- Coffea | Almeid1973b Borchs1966 Mamet1943a Mamet1950
- Coffea arabica | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Coffea canephora | MartinWoCu2022
- Coffea liberica | Charmo1898
- Gardenia | KondoWa2022b
- Ixora | Ramakr1919a Ramakr1921a Ramakr1930 Ruther1915a
- Ixora chinensis | MartinWoCu2022
- Ixora coccinea | Green1905a Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | Borchs1934 Borchs1936 Borchs1966 Ferris1921a Lepage1938 Mamet1951 Mamet1959a Takaha1929
- Citrus aurantiifolia | MatileWi2015
- Citrus aurantium | Borchs1934 Matile1978 WilliaWa1988 Takagi1969a | including var. bigaradia,
- Citrus histrix | Matile1978
- Citrus latifolia | MilleHeCa2016
- Citrus limon | Almeid1971 Almeid1973b WilliaWa1988
- Citrus maxima | Green1916 Marlat1908 WilliaBu1987 WilliaWa1988 | (= Citrus decumanaCitrus grandis)
- Citrus medica | LincanHoCa2010 | (= Citrus limetta)
- Citrus sinensis | MilleHeCa2016
- Citrus trifoliata | MatsunHoKu2019 | (= Poncirus trifoliata)
- Citrus unshiu | Borchs1934
- Glycosmis pentaphylla | Borchs1966 Charmo1898 Mamet1943a Marlat1908 Takagi1969a Takaha1929 WilliaWa1988
- Murraya paniculata | MilleHeCa2016 | (= Murraya exotica)
- Salicaceae
- Flacourtia indica | Borchs1966 Mamet1950 Mamet1959a | (= Flacourtia ramontchi)
- Scolopia oldhamii | Takagi1969a
- Santalaceae
- Santalum austrocaledonicum | MilleHeCa2016
- Sapindaceae
- Dodonaea viscosa | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Litchi chinensis | Borchs1966 Brain1919 Mamet1943a | (= Litchi sinensis)
- Nephelium ramboutan-ake | Borchs1966 Charmo1898 Mamet1943a Marlat1908
- Sapotaceae
- Chrysophyllum | KondoWa2022b
- Manilkara zapota | Lepage1938 | (= Achras sapota)
- Mimusops | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Mimusops elengi | Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930
- Pycnandra | MilleHeCa2016 | (= Ochrothallus)
- Solanaceae
- Capsicum | WilliaWa1988
- Capsicum annuum | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Capsicum frutescens | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Solanum | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Theaceae
- Camellia | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Camellia japonica | Takagi1969a Takaha1929
- Thymelaeaceae
- Peddiea africana | Ruther1915a
- Vitaceae
- Vitis vinifera | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
Foes:
Families: 6 | Genera: 13
- Aphelinidae
- Aphytis chrysomphali | RosenDe1979
- Aphytis cylindratus | RosenDe1979
- Aphytis lingnanensis | RosenDe1979
- Aphytis longicaudus | RosenDe1979
- Coccobius flavicornis | KondoWa2022b
- Encarsia citrina | KondoWa2022b
- Marietta carnesi | KondoWa2022b
- Paraphytis costalimai | RosenDe1979
- Coccinellidae
- Rhyzobius pulchellus | KondoWa2022b
- Encyrtidae
- Adelencyrtus bifasciatus | KondoWa2022b
- Comperiella bifasciata | KondoWa2022b
- Comperiella unifasciata | KondoWa2022b
- Habrolepis neocaledonensis | Fabres1974a
- Trichomasthus | KondoWa2022b
- Eulophidae
- Neochrysocharis | KondoWa2022b
- Nectriaceae
- Nectria flammea | EvansPr1990
- Signiphoridae
- Signiphora falcata | LazaroGoRo2021
- Signiphora flavella | Woolle1990
Associates:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Anacardiaceae
- Spondias | KondoWa2022b
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 100
- Angola | Almeid1969 Almeid1973b
- Argentina | Nakaha1982
- Australia | Nakaha1982
- Northern Territory | KondoWa2022b
- Bahamas | Nakaha1982
- Barbados | KondoWa2022b
- Belize | NormarOkMo2019
- Benin | Balach1958b
- Bolivia | Nakaha1982
- Brazil | Lepage1938 Marlat1908 RosenDe1979
- Bahia | Hempel1900a
- Ceara | WolffCo1993
- Espirito Santo | CulikMaVe2008
- Minas Gerais | WolffCo1993
- Para | MartinWoCu2022
- Paraiba | WolffCo1993
- Parana | WolffCo1993
- Pernambuco | WolffCo1993
- Rio Grande do Norte | WolffCo1993
- Rio Grande do Sul | WolffCo1993
- Rio de Janeiro | Cocker1902k Hempel1900a Hempel1904
- Sao Paulo | WolffCo1993
- Burkina Faso | MatileWi2015
- Burma (=Myanmar) | KondoWa2022b
- Cameroon | Balach1958b MatileNo1984
- Cape Verde | LagowsGoHo2022
- Central African Republic | Balach1958b
- Chad | Nakaha1982
- China
- Aomen (=Macau) | KondoWa2022b
- Fujian (=Fukien) | KondoWa2022b
- Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | FengWe2011
- Guangxi (=Kwangsi) | FengWe2011
- Hainan | KondoWa2022b
- Jiangxi (=Kiangsi) | KondoWa2022b
- Sichuan (=Szechwan) | KondoWa2022b
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | RosenDe1979
- Yunnan | FengWe2011
- Zhejiang (=Chekiang) | KondoWa2022b
- Christmas Island | NeumanODGu2016
- Colombia | Kondo2001 Kondo2008a
- Comoros | Matile1978
- Costa Rica | Nakaha1982
- Cote d'Ivoire (=Ivory Coast) | Balach1958b
- Cuba | KondoWa2022b
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (=Zaire) | Balach1958b Ghesqu1932 Liegeo1944
- Dominica | KondoWa2022b
- Dominican Republic | KondoWa2022b
- Ecuador | Nakaha1982
- Egypt | AbdRabEv2021 Ezzat1958
- El Salvador | Nakaha1982
- Fiji | HodgsoLa2011 Nakaha1982
- French Guiana | KondoWa2022b
- French Polynesia
- Tahiti | KondoWa2022b
- Galapagos Islands | LincanHoCa2010
- Gambia | KondoWa2022b
- Georgia (Republic of)
- Abkhaz ASSR | Borchs1934 Borchs1936
- Ghana | NormarOkMo2019
- Grenada | KondoWa2022b
- Guadeloupe | Balach1957c MatileEt2006
- Guatemala | Nakaha1982
- Guiana | Remill1988
- Guinea | Balach1958b
- Guyana (=British Guiana) | Nakaha1982
- Haiti | PerezG2008
- Hawaiian Islands
- Lanai | MatsunHoKu2019
- India | Ramakr1919a Ramakr1921a Ramakr1930
- Andhra Pradesh | Varshn2002
- Assam | KondoWa2022b
- Bihar | Ali1968
- Goa | KondoWa2022b
- Karnataka | KondoWa2022b
- Kerala | Varshn2002
- Maharashtra | KondoWa2022b
- Tamil Nadu | Newste1917b
- West Bengal | Varshn2002
- Indonesia
- Irian Jaya | KondoWa2022b
- Java | Marlat1908
- Kalimantan (=Borneo) | KondoWa2022b
- Sulawesi (=Celebes) | KondoWa2022b
- Jamaica | KondoWa2022b
- Japan | Kawai1980 Kuwana1902 Kuwana1907 Kuwana1933 Marlat1908
- Honshu | KondoWa2022b
- Kyushu | KondoWa2022b
- Shikoku | KondoWa2022b
- Kampuchea (=Cambodia) | Takaha1942b
- Kenya | DeLott1967a
- Laos | DaoBeWa2023
- Liberia | Balach1958b Marlat1908
- Madagascar | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a Mamet1950 Mamet1951 Mamet1954 Mamet1959a
- Malawi | Nakaha1982
- Malaysia | KondoWa2022b
- Maldives | KondoWa2022b
- Martinique | Balach1957c MatileEt2006
- Mauritania | KondoWa2022b
- Mauritius | Borchs1966 Charmo1898 GrandpCh1899 Mamet1943a Mamet1949
- Mexico | KondoWa2022b
- Mongolia | DanzigKo1990 | FengWe2011
- Mozambique | Almeid1971
- New Caledonia | Cohic1958 Laing1933 RosenDe1979
- Nigeria | Nakaha1982
- Pakistan | Varshn2002
- Panama | NormarMoKr2014
- Peru | VasqueDeCo2002
- Philippines
- Luzon | Robins1917
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | ColonFMe1998
- Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014 Mamet1957
- Rodriques Island | Nakaha1982
- Russia
- Caucasus | KondoWa2022b
- Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) | KondoWa2022b
- Saint Kitts and Nevis Islands
- Nevis | KondoWa2022b
- Saint Lucia | Malump2014a
- Saint Martin & St. Barthelemy
- Saint Martin | MatileEt2006
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | KondoWa2022b
- Sao Tome and Principe
- Principe | Castel1963 Fernan1993 Seabra1921
- Sao Tome | Balach1958b Seabra1921 Seabra1925
- Senegal | Balach1958b
- Seychelles | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a Marlat1908
- Sierra Leone | Nakaha1982
- Singapore | KondoWa2022b
- Somalia | Balach1958b
- South Africa | Balach1958b Brain1919 BrainKe1917
- Sri Lanka | Borchs1966 Green1896 Green1896e Green1905a Marlat1908 Ruther1915a
- Sudan | KondoWa2022b
- Suriname | Nakaha1982
- Taiwan | Ferris1921a Takagi1969a Takaha1929 Takaha1932a Takaha1934 WongChCh1999
- Tanzania | Balach1958b Borchs1966 Mamet1956 Newste1911a
- Thailand | Takaha1942b
- Togo | Nakaha1982
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Trinidad | RosenDe1979
- U.S. Virgin Islands | Nakaha1983
- Uganda | Gowdey1917 Newste1911 Newste1917b
- United States
- Florida | Hamon1980d NormarOkMo2019
- Uruguay | Nakaha1982
- Vanuatu (=New Hebrides) | WilliaBu1987
- Venezuela | Nakaha1982
- Vietnam | DanzigKo1990 DaoBeWa2018
- Zanzibar | Balach1958b
- Zimbabwe | KondoWa2022b
Keys
- DaoBeWa2018: pp.88-93 ( Adult (F) ) [Citrus diaspidids in Viet Nam]
- WolffEfDa2018: pp.5-6 ( Adult (F) ) [Secies recorded on Olea europaea in Brazil]
- RamosPeKo2017: pp.8145-8152 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Diaspididae on Citrus spp. from Colombia]
- WolffKoPe2016: pp.275-277 ( Adult (F) ) [Species recorded on Myrciaria dubia in Brazil]
- FengWe2011: pp.174-175 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the species of the genus Pseudaonidia in Oriental Region (Adult female)]
- EvansWaMi2009: pp.63-67 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspididae species found on avocado]
- MillerDa2005: pp.29-34 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
- MillerDa2005: pp.20-21 ( Adult (F) ) [Armored Scales]
- Kawai1980: pp.204 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
- Balach1958b: pp.269 ( Adult (F) ) [Africa]
- Ezzat1958: pp.242 ( Adult (F) ) [Egypt]
- Balach1951: pp.681 ( Adult (F) ) [Mediterranean]
- Kuwana1933: pp.20-21 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
- Kuwana1933b: pp.49 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
- Brain1919: pp.206 ( Adult (F) ) [South Africa]
- Robins1917: pp.33 ( Adult (F) ) [Philippines]
- Marlat1908: pp.134 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
- Green1896e: pp.39 ( Adult (F) ) [Sri Lanka]
Remarks
- Structure: Colour illustration of scale cover by Green (1896e). Colour photograph of scale cover by Wong et al. (1999). Green (1896e) described the scale cover: "Female scale large, 3-4.5 mm in diameter; almost flat; usually semicircular or deltoid from arrest of growth by prominent veins of the leaf, seldom circular; the insect apparently preferring a position close to the midrib of the leaf; colour pale reddish brown; pellicles yellow, the second usually depressed. Male scale unknown". Brain (1919) described the scale cover: "Female scale large (may reach 4 mm in diameter), flat, sometimes circular, but more often with one side flattened against a vein of a leaf; colour is usually brown or reddish brown, but in old exposed specimens it is commonly more or less bleached; exuviae are flat and usually yellowish to brownish".
- Economic Importance: Recorded as a pest of cocoa in Congo (Liegeois, 1944).
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Marlatt (1908), Brain (1919), Kuwana (1933), Balachowsky (1951, 1958b), Takagi (1969a), Chou (1985, 1986) and by Colon-Ferrer & Medina-Gaud (1998). Color photograph in Kondo & Watson (2022b).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 38
- Ali1968: distribution, host, 133-134
- Almeid1969: biological control, description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 160-161
- Almeid1971: distribution, host, 15
- Almeid1973b: distribution, host, 11
- AlmeidPeMa2018: distribution, host, 355
- AndersWuGr2010: molecular data, 992-1003
- Azeved1923A: distribution, host, 86-90
- Azeved1929: distribution, host, 113-115
- Azeved1929a: distribution, host, 126-128
- Balach1951: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 684-686
- Balach1953i: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 1512,1520
- Balach1957c: distribution, host, 200
- Balach1958b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 272,274-276
- BarbosGoMo2005: distribution, host, 471-474
- BenDov1990a: taxonomy, 87
- BenDovGe2003: catalog, 718-724
- Bondar1914: distribution, economic importance, host, 1064-1106
- Bondar1915: distribution, economic importance, host, 44-47
- Borchs1934: distribution, host, 31
- Borchs1936: distribution, host, 138
- Borchs1966: catalog, 232-233
- Brain1919: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 209-210
- BrainKe1917: distribution, 184
- Brick1912: distribution, host, 1-22
- Castel1963: distribution, 140
- Charmo1899: taxonomy, 1,6
- CharmoGe1921: distribution, host, 188,189
- Chen1936: distribution, host, 211,224
- ChenWo1936: distribution, host,
- Chou1985: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 250-251
- Chou1986: illustration, taxonomy, 654
- ClapsDo2003: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 28-29
- ClapsWoGo2001a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 24-25
- Cocker1896b: distribution, 334
- Cocker1897i: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 28
- Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 396
- Cocker1899p: taxonomy, 312
- Cocker1902k: distribution, host, 456
- CockerRo1915: distribution, host, 109
- Cohic1958: distribution, host, 15
- ColonFMe1998: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 76-77
- CoronaRuMo1997: distribution, host, 38-41
- CostaL1942: distribution, host, taxonomy, 277
- CostaLRa1922: distribution, host, 1101
- CulikMaVe2008: distribution, host, 1-6
- Daneel2001b: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 225-226
- DanzigKo1990: distribution, host, 50
- DaoBeWa2018: distribution, key, morphology, phylogenetics, phylogeny, 82-95
- DaoBeWa2023: phylogeny, 1030
- DeLott1967a: distribution, host, 115
- Dupont1931: distribution, host, 1-18
- Ebelin1949: control, distribution, host, life history,
- EvansPr1990: biological control, 7-13
- EvansWaMi2009: taxonomy, 63
- Ezzat1958: distribution, 242
- FDACS2010: distribution, host, 4
- FDACSB1982: distribution, host, 5-11
- FDACSB1983: distribution, host, 6-8
- Fabres1974a: biological control, distribution, host, 55-60
- FengWe2011: distribution, taxonomy, 173-176
- Fernal1903b: 284
- Fernan1993: distribution, host, 112
- Ferris1921a: distribution, host, 220
- Ferris1941e: taxonomy, 42,49
- Flande1971: biological control, life history, 957-872
- Fonsec1963: distribution, host, 32-35
- Fonsec1964: distribution, host, 515
- FonsecAu1932a: distribution, host, 202-214
- FornazMaWi2017: distribution, host, 3086
- Gavalo1936: distribution, host, 82
- GermaiDeLa2016: host, list of species, 3
- GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, 23
- Ghesqu1927: distribution, host, 310-316
- Ghesqu1932: distribution, host, 60
- Gowdey1913: distribution, host, 247-249
- Gowdey1917: distribution, host, 189
- GrandpCh1899: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 26-27
- Green1896: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 4
- Green1896e: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 41-42
- Green1900a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 66-67
- Green1905a: distribution, host, 346
- Green1907: distribution, host, 202
- Green1916: distribution, host, 376
- Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 333
- GroveDe2017: distribution, host, 300
- GroveDeDa2013: distribution, host, 378
- GruwelMoNo2007: endosymbionts, taxonomy, 267-280
- Hamble1947: distribution, host, 949-956
- Hamon1980d: distribution, host, 38-39
- Hempel1900a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 499-500
- Hempel1904: distribution, host, 321
- HodgsoLa2011: distribution, host, 26
- HorticInNo1923: distribution, host, 236-239
- Hunt1939: distribution, host, 548-566
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 27
- Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 205
- Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 45
- Kondo2008a: distribution, host, 25-29
- Kondo2010: distribution, host, 41-44
- KondoKa1995: distribution, host, 57-58
- KondoKa1995a: distribution, host, 97-98
- KondoMu2016: distribution, host, illustration, 7
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 19
- KondoWa2022p: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 525
- Kuwana1902: distribution, host, 66
- Kuwana1907: distribution, host, taxonomy, 194
- Kuwana1917a: distribution, taxonomy, 175
- Kuwana1933: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 24-25
- LagowsGoHo2022: distribution, list, 6
- LagowsGoHo2022: distribution, host, list, 10
- Laing1933: distribution, host, 676
- Leonar1898a: taxonomy, 77
- Leonar1898c: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 82-84
- Leonar1914: distribution, host, taxonomy, 203
- Lepage1938: catalog, 418
- Liegeo1944: distribution, economic importance, host, 165
- LincanHoCa2010: distribution, host, 5
- Lindin1909b: distribution, host, 148
- Lindin1910b: distribution, host, 47
- Lindin1913: distribution, host, 79
- Lindin1932: taxonomy, 194
- MacGil1921: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 453
- Mallam1954: distribution, 24-60
- Malump2012b: distribution, 213
- Malump2014a: distribution, host, 78
- Mamet1943a: 166
- Mamet1949: catalog, 63
- Mamet1950: distribution, host, 23
- Mamet1951: distribution, host, 230
- Mamet1954: distribution, host, 20
- Mamet1956: distribution, host, 138
- Mamet1957: distribution, host, 369,377
- Mamet1959a: distribution, host, 389
- Mansfi1920: distribution, host, 145-155
- Marlat1908: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 134,137,141
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, host, 38
- MartinWoCu2022: distribution, host, 7
- Maskew1916: distribution, host, 308-309
- Matile1978: distribution, host, 66-67
- MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 173
- MatileNo1984: distribution, host, 67
- MatileWi2015: distribution, host, 72
- MatsunHoKu2019: distribution, host, 9
- MayneGh1934: distribution, host, 3-38
- Meurge2011: distribution, 81
- MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, 143
- Miller1983: distribution, host, 4-6
- MillerDa1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 304
- MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 353-355
- Mohamm1963: distribution, host, taxonomy, 133-134
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 153
- Monte1930: distribution, host, 3-36
- MorseNo2006: molecular biology, phylogeny, 338-349
- MoutiaMa1947: distribution,
- Muraka1970: distribution, host, 76
- NagarkSa1990: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 553-542
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 73
- Nakaha1983: distribution, host, 14
- NeumanODGu2016: ant association, dispersal, distribution, host, 159-166
- Newste1911: distribution, host, 85
- Newste1911a: distribution, host, 168-169
- Newste1917b: distribution, host, 132
- NormarMoKr2014: distribution, host, 39
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, taxonomy, 30, 81, S6
- PerezG2008: distribution, 215
- Ramakr1919a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 21-22
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 356
- Ramakr1930: distribution, host, taxonomy, 26
- RamosPeKo2017: illustration, key, 8149
- RangelGo1945: description, distribution, 1-44
- Remill1988: distribution, host, taxonomy, 61-62
- Robins1917: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 33-34
- RosenDe1979: biological control, distribution, host, 244-247,533-539,
- RossHaOk2012: phylogeny, taxonomy, 199
- RugmanAnMo2010: molecular data, phylogenetics, taxonomy, 30-38
- Ruther1915a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 108
- Sassce1923: distribution, host, 152-158
- Schmut1969: description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 115
- SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 494
- Seabra1921: distribution, host, 99
- Seabra1925: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 28-29
- Silva1944: distribution, host, 8-14
- Silva1950: distribution, economic importance, host, 119-120
- SilvaCaCa1977: distribution, economic importance, host, 19
- Strong1922: distribution, host, 775-780
- Suh2016: distribution, host, key, 315, 330
- Takagi1969a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 98-105
- Takagi2000: taxonomy, 59
- Takaha1929: distribution, host, 78-79
- Takaha1932a: distribution, host, 103
- Takaha1933: distribution, host, 25-34
- Takaha1934: distribution, host, 36
- Takaha1935: distribution, host, 3
- Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 50
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 111
- Torres1922: distribution, host, 72
- Varshn2002: distribution, host, 37
- VasqueDeCo2002: distribution, host, 331
- Vayssi1913: distribution, host, 431
- VelasqRi1969: distribution, host, 195-208
- WaltonKrSa2009: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-6
- Watson2001: list, 177
- Watson2021: distribution, 524
- Wester1920: distribution, host,
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 234
- WilliaBu1987: distribution, host, 95
- WilliaWa1988: distribution, host, taxonomy, 219-220
- WolffCo1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 49-51
- WolffCo1993a: distribution, host, 153
- WolffEfDa2018: distribution, economic importance, host,
- WolffKoPe2016: distribution, host, key, 274-275
- WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 33,76-77
- WoodruBeSk1998: distribution,
- Woolle1990: biological control, 167-176
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 170
