Valid Names Results
Parlatoria proteus (Curtis, 1843) (Diaspididae: Parlatoria)Nomenclatural History
- Aspidiotus Proteus Curtis 1843b: 676. Type data: ENGLAND: on succulent leaf, maybe Aloe sp. or Amaryllis sp., by J. Curtis. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Melbourne: National Museum of Victoria, Victoria, Australia; accepted valid name Illustr.
- Diaspis parlatoris Targioni Tozzetti 1867: 14. Type data: ITALY: Florence, on Phytelephas macrocarpa. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by McKenz1945, 55). Notes: Types presumed lost.
- Parlatoria orbicularis Targioni Tozzetti 1868: 735. nomen nudum (discovered by Signor1869, 867).
- Parlatoria proteus (Curtis, 1843); Signoret 1869d: 867. change of combination
- Parlatoria selenipedii Signoret 1869d: 450. nomen nudum (discovered by Lindin1932f, 204). Notes: Signoret (1869d) states that his Parlatoria selenipedii is the same as Targioni Tozzetti's P. orbicularis and that they are both junior synonyms of P. proteus. However, we have been unable to find a valid description of P. selenipedii and so it is considered a place nomen nudum.
- Diaspis monserrati Colvée 1881: 21-24. Type data: SPAIN: Valencia, in Botanical Gardens, on Citrus sp.. Unknown type status, unknown, junior synonym (discovered by Lindin1912b, 367). Notes: Type material apparently lost. Parlatoria monserrati has been considered to be a synonym of several species. Bodenheimer (1930) states that Diaspis monserrati is apparently synonymous with Parlatoria zizyphi, this is erroneous since the scale of P. monserrati is gray or light brown, while that of P. zizyphi is black. Gomez Menor (1937) lists this as a possible junior synonym of P. pergandii, but we feel this is incorrect since P. pergandii has 4 pairs of lobes while P. monserrati has 3. Borchsenius (1966) lists this species as incertae sedis and Martin Mateo (1983) agrees with Lindinger (1912b) who states that D. monserrati is a junior synonym of Parlatoria proteus. We agree with the latter and place P. monserrati in synonym of P. proteus based on Colvée's illustration and description which shows 3 pairs of lobes, the female scale cover as gray and the male cover as transparent. Illustr.
- Parlatoria (Euparlatoria) Proteus (Curtis, 1843); Leonardi 1903a: 15. change of combination
- Parlatorea proteus; Lindinger 1912b: 112. misspelling of genus name
- Parlatoria potens (Curtis, 1843); Leonardi 1920. misspelling of species epithet (discovered by Lindin1932f, 204).
- Syngenaspis proteus (Curtis, 1843); MacGillivray 1921: 251. change of combination
- Diaspis parlatoria Targioni Tozzetti, 1867; Ferris 1937: SI-89. misspelling of species epithet
- Parlatoria monserrati (Colvée, 1881); Gómez-Menor Ortega 1956: 71. change of combination
Common Names
- piojo blanco GomezC1943
- poll-blanc GomezC1943
- common parlatoria scale Butche1959
- orchid parlatoria scale Brimbl1962
- proteus scale McKenz1956
- sanseveria scale McKenz1956
- small brown scale Borchs1966
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 55 | Genera: 161
- Acanthaceae
- Hemigraphis | MillerDa2005
- Thunbergia | MillerDa2005
- Thunbergia grandiflora | MerrilCh1923
- Acoraceae
- Acorus | JansenAl2023
- Adoxaceae
- Viburnum odoratissimum | Kuwana1907
- Amaryllidaceae
- Amaryllis | Newste1901b
- Anacardiaceae
- Mangifera | MillerDa2005
- Mangifera indica | Heu2002 Morris1939a
- Annonaceae
- Polyalthia longifolia | GhaniMu1974
- Apocynaceae
- Carissa bispinosa | MerrilCh1923
- Hoya | LambdiWa1980
- Tabernaemontana divaricata | WilliaWa1988 | (= Ervatamia coronaria)
- Araceae
- Aglaonema | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Anthurium | MillerDa2005
- Anthurium andraeanum | MartinWoCu2022
- Dieffenbachia | Borchs1966 MillerDa2005
- Dieffenbachia seguine | Morris1939a
- Epipremnum aureum | Nakaha1981a | (= Scindapsus aureus)
- Epipremnum pinnatum | WilliaWa1988
- Monstera | Takagi1969a
- Monstera deliciosa | Takaha1929
- Philodendron | Heu2002 MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Scindapsus | MillerDa2005
- Araliaceae
- Aralia | MillerDa2005
- Hedera | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Heptapleurum actinophyllum | ColonFMe1998 | (= Brassia actinophylla) (= Schefflera actinophylla)
- Schefflera | MillerDa2005
- Schefflera arboricola | CulikMaVe2008
- Schefflera heptaphylla | MartinLa2011
- Araucariaceae
- Araucaria | MillerDa2005
- Arecaceae
- Archontophoenix | Fleury1935a
- Areca | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Areca catechu | Kuwana1925
- Caryota | GhabboMo1996 MillerDa2005
- Coccothrinax | Morris1939a MillerDa2005
- Cocos | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Cocos nucifera | Nakaha1981a
- Corypha | MillerDa2005
- Dypsis lutescens | Pelot1950 | (= Chrysalidocarpus lutescens)
- Elaeis guineensis | Barber1910
- Hydriastele | MillerDa2005 Misra1924CS
- Nypa | MillerDa2005
- Nypa fruticans | Beards1966
- Phoenix | MillerDa2005
- Phoenix canariensis | MartinLa2011
- Phoenix dactylifera | Morris1939a
- Phoenix roebelenii | MartinWoCu2022
- Phytelephas macrocarpa | Targio1867
- Pinanga | MillerDa2005
- Pritchardia | Borchs1966
- Sabal | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Syagrus comosa | HowardOl1985 | (= Cocos plumosa)
- Thrinax | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Asparagaceae
- Agave | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Asparagus | MillerDa2005
- Aspidistra | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Beaucarnea | MillerDa2005 GhabboMo1996 | (= Pincenectitia)
- Beaucarnea recurvata | MartinWoCu2022
- Chlorophytum | MillerDa2005
- Dracaena | MillerDa2005
- Dracaena braunii | MartinLa2011
- Dracaena reflexa | MartinWoCu2022
- Dracaena sanderiana | NormarOkMo2019
- Ophiopogon | MillerDa2005
- Ophiopogon japonicus | Nakaha1981a | (= Mondo japonicum)
- Ruscus aculeatus | GhabboMo1996
- Ruscus hypophyllum | GhabboMo1996
- Sansevieria | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Yucca | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Yucca gigantea | MartinWoCu2022
- Asphodelaceae
- Aloe | Newste1901b
- Bixaceae
- Bixa orellana | WilliaWa1988
- Brassicaceae
- Streptanthus | Comsto1883 | (= Microsemia)
- Bromeliaceae
- Aechmea | MillerDa2005
- Billbergia | Bodkin1922
- Cactaceae
- Rhipsalis | MillerDa2005
- Calophyllaceae
- Calophyllum brasiliense | ColonFMe1998
- Calophyllum inophyllum | Willia1985b
- Combretaceae
- Terminalia catappa | Newste1908b
- Cycadaceae
- Cycas | Heu2002 MerrilCh1923 MillerDa2005
- Cycas circinalis | Nakaha1981a
- Cycas revoluta | Mamet1943a
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros | Tao1999
- Elaeagnaceae
- Elaeagnus pungens | MerrilCh1923 | (= Elaeagnus simonii)
- Euphorbiaceae
- Acalypha | MillerDa2005
- Codiaeum | Borchs1966
- Croton | Kuwana1925 MillerDa2005
- Euphorbia | MillerDa2005 | (= Pedilanthus)
- Euphorbia milii | CulikMaVe2008
- Jatropha integerrima | Nakaha1981a | (= Jatropha hastata)
- Fabaceae
- Derris elliptica | WilliaWa1988
- Fagaceae
- Quercus | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Heliconiaceae
- Heliconia | MillerDa2005
- Hydrangeaceae
- Philadelphus | Morris1939a
- Iridaceae
- Moraea | Nakaha1981a
- Lamiaceae
- Lamium | MillerDa2005
- Lauraceae
- Laurus nobilis | BatsanKaKi2017
- Litsea | Tao1999
- Machilus | Maskel1897a
- Persea | MillerDa2005
- Lecythidaceae
- Barringtonia | MillerDa2005 Nakaha1981a
- Liliaceae
- Lilium | MillerDa2005
- Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia | MillerDa2005
- Talauma | MillerDa2005
- Malvaceae
- Gossypium | Borchs1966
- Hibiscus syriacus | Cheo1935
- Theobroma cacao | Hinckl1963
- Marantaceae
- Calathea | MillerDa2005
- Maranta | MillerDa2005
- Maranta leuconeura | Morris1939a | (= Maranta massangeana)
- Meliaceae
- Melia azedarach | MartinLa2011
- Moraceae
- Ficus | Dean1909 MillerDa2005
- Ficus benjamina | CulikMaVe2008
- Ficus pandurata | HowardOl1985
- Ficus retusa | Kuwana1925
- Ficus tinctoria | MartinLa2011
- Musaceae
- Musa | Tao1999
- Myrtaceae
- Myrtus | CostaL1928
- Syzygium jambos | Kuwana1925 | (= Eugenia jambos)
- Syzygium malaccense | Cocker1905f Hinckl1963 | (= Eugenia malaccensis)
- Syzygium samarangense | Beards1966 | (= Eugenia javanica)
- Oleaceae
- Jasminum | MillerDa2005
- Jasminum sambac | Beards1966
- Ligustrum | MillerDa2005 Nakaha1981a
- Olea | Borchs1966 MillerDa2005
- Olea europaea | WolffEfAq2018
- Osmanthus fragrans | Tao1999
- Orchidaceae
- Aerides | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Angraecum | MillerDa2005
- Arachnis | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a | (= Arachnanthe)
- Arachnis flos-aeris | YunusHo1980 | (= Arachnis moschifera )
- Arachnis maingayi | YunusHo1980 | (= Arachnanthe maingayi)
- Ascocentrum | MillerDa2005
- Brassia | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Broughtonia | MillerDa2005
- Bulbophyllum | MillerDa2005
- Calanthe | MillerDa2005
- Catasetum | MillerDa2005
- Cattleya | Morris1939a
- Coelia | MillerDa2005
- Coelogyne | MillerDa2005 Ramakr1930
- Coelogyne flaccida | Morris1939a
- Cymbidium | MillerDa2005 Ramakr1930
- Cymbidium aloifolium | Henrik1921
- Cymbidium bicolor | Green1905a
- Cymbidium sinense | Takaha1929
- Cypripedium | Heu2002 MillerDa2005
- Dendrobium | Heu2002 MillerDa2005 Newste1901b
- Dendrobium densiflorum | CorseuSi1971
- Epidendrum | Hinckl1963 MillerDa2005
- Epidendrum dendrobii | Hinckl1963
- Eria | MillerDa2005
- Gongora | MillerDa2005
- Grammatophyllum | MillerDa2005
- Grammatophyllum speciosum | Morris1939a
- Laelia | MillerDa2005
- Laelia lyonsii | Morris1939a | (= Schomburgkia lyonsii)
- Lycaste | MillerDa2005
- Maxillaria | MillerDa2005
- Maxillariella tenuifolia | Morris1939a
- Neofinetia falcata | Kuwana1902 | (= Angraecum falcatum)
- Paphiopedilum | MillerDa2005
- Paphiopedilum insigne | Nakaha1981a | (= Cypripedium insignis)
- Papilionanthe teres | ColonFMe1998 Green1916 | (= Vanda teres)
- Phalaenopsis | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Phalaenopsis amabilis | Takagi1969a
- Pholidota | MillerDa2005
- Phragmipedium caudatum | HowellTi1977 | (= Cypripedium caudatum)
- Pinalia floribunda | Fleury1935a | (= Eria floribunda)
- Renanthera | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Rhynchostylis | MillerDa2005
- Rhynchostylis retusa | Misra1924CS
- Saccolabium | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Schomburgkia | MillerDa2005
- Selenipedium | Signor1869d
- Sobralia | MillerDa2005
- Spathoglottis | MillerDa2005
- Stanhopea | MillerDa2005
- Stereochilus | Morris1939a
- Trichocentrum | MillerDa2005
- Trichocentrum albococcineum | Morris1939a | (= Trichocentrum albopurpureum)
- Trichoglottis | MillerDa2005
- Vanda | Heu2002 MillerDa2005 Signor1869d
- Vanda dearei | Fleury1935a
- Vanda lamellata | Lindin1909b | var. boxallii (= Vanda superba)
- Vanda luzonica | Fleury1935a
- Vanda tricolor | HowellTi1977
- Vanilla | GermaiMiPa2014
- Pandanaceae
- Freycinetia | Hinckl1963
- Pandanus | MerrilCh1923 MillerDa2005
- Pandanus atrocarpus | YunusHo1980
- Pandanus boninensis | Kuwana1925
- Pandanus utilis | Nakaha1981a | (= Pandanus odoratissimus)
- Passifloraceae
- Passiflora | MerrilCh1923
- Pentaphylacaceae
- Eurya japonica | BatsanKaKi2017
- Pinaceae
- Pinus | Borchs1966
- Pinus radiata | Maskel1897 | (= Pinus insignis)
- Podocarpaceae
- Podocarpus | Takagi1969a
- Proteaceae
- Macadamia tetraphylla | WilliaWa1988
- Rosaceae
- Malus pumila | Tao1999
- Malus sylvestris | Brimbl1962
- Prunus domestica | Brimbl1962
- Prunus persica | Brimbl1962
- Pyrus communis | Brimbl1962
- Pyrus pyrifolia | Paik1978 | var. culta
- Rubiaceae
- Benkara scandens | WilliaWa1988 | (= Gardenia scandens)
- Coffea canephora | WilliaWa1988
- Gardenia | Beards1966 MillerDa2005
- Gardenia jasminoides | Beards1966 Takaha1939b | (= Gardenia radicans)
- Psychotria | Beards1966 MillerDa2005
- Rubiaceae | Mamet1956
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | Colvee1881 MillerDa2005 MacharKiHe2021
- Citrus aurantium | Beards1966
- Citrus paradisi | Beards1966
- Murraya paniculata | MartinWoCu2022
- Triphasia | MillerDa2005
- Triphasia trifolia | Beards1966
- Selaginellaceae
- Selaginella | Kuwana1925
- Theaceae
- Camellia | Maskel1897a MillerDa2005
- Camellia japonica | BatsanKaKi2017
- Camellia sasanqua | GhabboMo1996 Kuwana1907 | (= Thea sasanqua)
- Vitaceae
- Leea rubra | MartinWoCu2022
- Vitis | Takagi1969a
- Vitis vinifera | Tao1999
- Zamiaceae
- Encephalartos | Lindin1913
- Macrozamia | MerrilCh1923
- Zingiberaceae
- Amomum | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
Foes:
Families: 1 | Genera: 3
- Aphelinidae
- Aphytis diaspidis | Garcia1930 | (= Aphytis fuscipennis)
- Bardylis australicus | Fulmek1943
- Encarsia lounsburyi | HertinSi1972 | (= Aspidiophagus lounsburyi)
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 74
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Antigua | Malump2018
- Argentina | Lizery1938
- Australia | Maskel1897
- Queensland | Maskel1893b NormarOkMo2019
- Western Australia | Fuller1897b
- Bahamas | Morris1939a
- Belgium | Morris1939a
- Bolivia | Tao1999
- Bonin Islands (=Ogasawara-Gunto) | Kuwana1909a
- Brazil | Newste1901b
- Espirito Santo | CulikMaVe2008
- Paraiba | SilvadGoGa1968
- Pernambuco | CarvalCa1939 SilvadGoGa1968
- Rio Grande do Sul | CorseuSi1971
- Sao Paulo | SilvadGoGa1968
- Bulgaria | TrenchTo2014 Tsalev1968
- China
- Anhui (=Anhwei) | Hua2000
- Fujian (=Fukien) | Tao1999
- Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | ChenWo1936 Maskel1897a
- Guangxi (=Kwangsi) | Hua2000
- Hainan | Hua2000
- Henan (=Honan) | Hua2000
- Hubei (=Hupei) | Hua2000
- Hunan | Tao1999
- Jiangsu (=Kiangsu) | Hua2000
- Jiangxi (=Kiangsi) | Tao1999
- Sichuan (=Szechwan) | Tao1999
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | HowellTi1975 NormarOkMo2019
- Xizang (=Tibet) | Hua2000
- Yunnan | Tao1999
- Zhejiang (=Chekiang) | ChenWo1936
- Colombia | Nakaha1982
- Cote d'Ivoire (=Ivory Coast) | JansenAl2023
- Cuba | Ballou1923
- Czechoslovakia | Zahrad1957
- Denmark | Lindin1909b
- Dominican Republic | Morris1939a
- Ecuador | Nakaha1982
- Egypt | AbdRabEv2021 Hall1922
- Federated States of Micronesia
- Caroline Islands | Beards1966 Dumble1954 Takaha1939b
- Kosrae (=Kusaie) | Beards1966
- Pohnpei Island | Beards1966 Takaha1939b
- Truk Islands | Beards1966
- Yap | Beards1966 Takaha1941b
- Fiji | OConno1949
- France | Foldi2001 Signor1869d
- Georgia (Republic of) | BatsanKaKi2017 Gogibe1938
- Germany | Lindin1909b
- Guam | Beards1966 Dumble1954 Fullaw1946
- Guatemala | Morris1939a
- Guyana (=British Guiana) | Bodkin1922
- Haiti | Morris1939a
- Hawaiian Islands | Kirkal1904b
- Hawaii | Nakaha1981a
- Kauai | Nakaha1981a
- Maui | Nakaha1981a
- Oahu | Heu2002 Zimmer1948
- India | Ramakr1919a
- Karnataka | Sankar1984
- Maharashtra | Misra1924CS
- Tamil Nadu | Ramakr1930 Sankar1984
- Indonesia | Kalsho1981 Tao1999
- Java | Newste1908b
- Kalimantan (=Borneo) | Fleury1935a
- Sumatra | Clause1933
- Iran | Kaussa1970 KozarFoZa1996
- Israel | Merkel1938
- Italy | Targio1867
- Jamaica | Cocker1893j
- Japan | Maskel1897a
- Honshu | Kuwana1902
- Kenya | MacharKiHe2021
- Malaysia | Clause1933
- Malta | Borg1922
- Mauritius | Mamet1943a WilliaWi1988
- Mexico | Nakaha1982
- Monaco | Nakaha1982
- Nauru | Willia1985b
- New Caledonia | MilleHeCa2016
- Nigeria | Medler1980
- Pakistan | GhaniMu1974
- Palau | Beards1966 Takaha1936c
- Panama | Morris1939a
- Papua New Guinea | WilliaWa1988
- Paraguay | Nakaha1982
- Peru | Nakaha1982
- Philippines
- Luzon | Cocker1905f Robins1917
- Poland | DanzigPe1998 Szulcz1926
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | ColonFMe1998
- Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014
- Romania | FetykoKoDa2010
- Russia | Balach1953g
- Sardinia | LongoMaPe1995 Paoli1915
- Singapore | JansenAl2023
- Solomon Islands | WilliaWa1988
- South Africa | BrainKe1917
- South Korea | ESKSAE1994
- Spain | Colvee1881 Garcia1930
- Sri Lanka | Palmer1905
- Suriname | Morris1939a
- Taiwan | Maskel1897a
- Tanzania | Lindin1913
- Thailand | NormarOkMo2019 Takaha1942b
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Trinidad | Morris1939a
- Ukraine | Terezn1986
- United Kingdom
- England | Curtis1843b Newste1901b
- United States
- California | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- District of Columbia | Koszta1996 MerrilCh1923 MillerDa2005
- Florida | MerrilCh1923 MillerDa2005
- Georgia | McKenz1945 MillerDa2005
- Illinois | MerrilCh1923 MillerDa2005
- Indiana | DietzMo1916a MillerDa2005
- Kansas | Dean1909 MillerDa2005
- Louisiana | Barber1910 HowardOl1985 MillerDa2005
- Maryland | Koszta1996 MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Massachusetts | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Mississippi | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Missouri | Hollin1923 MillerDa2005
- New Jersey | Koszta1996 MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- New York | Koszta1996 MerrilCh1923 MillerDa2005
- Ohio | MillerDa2005
- Pennsylvania | MillerDa2005 Trimbl1928
- Tennessee | LambdiWa1980
- Texas | McDani1972a McKenz1945 MillerDa2005
- Venezuela | Morris1939a
- Vietnam | Suh2016
- Western Samoa | WilliaWa1988
Keys
- DaoBeWa2023: pp.1024, 1027-1028 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspididae on citrus in Indochina and southern China.]
- MoghadWa2021: pp.188-189 ( Adult (F) ) [Parlatoria in Iran]
- WolffEfDa2018: pp.5-6 ( Adult (F) ) [Secies recorded on Olea europaea in Brazil]
- Tanaka2010: pp.180-183 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Parlatoria species of Japan]
- SuhJi2009: pp.1041-1043 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of armored scales intercepted on imported plants (slide mounted adult females)]
- MillerDa2005: pp.29-33 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
- ColonFMe1998: pp.113 ( ) [Key to species of Parlatoria of Puerto Rico]
- Gill1997: pp.216 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to California species of Parlatoria]
- Koszta1996: pp.550 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Parlatoria species of Northeastern North America]
- Danzig1993: pp.84 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- WilliaWa1988: pp.202 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Chou1985: pp.221 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- HowardOl1985: pp.70 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Parlatoria species of Louisiana]
- Wang1982c: pp.78 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Paik1978: pp.369 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Danzig1971d: pp.840 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of the family Diaspididae]
- Beards1966: pp.550 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria known from Micronesia]
- Ezzat1958: pp.249 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria of Egypt]
- McKenz1956: pp.34 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Balach1953g: pp.779 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- McKenz1952: pp.15 ( ) [Revised key to species of Parlatoria]
- Borchs1950b: pp.170 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Zimmer1948: pp.394 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Hall1946a: pp.527 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Parlatoria species of the Ethiopian Region]
- McKenz1945: pp.79 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Ferris1942: pp.SIV-446:59 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Morris1939a: pp.30 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Kuwana1925: pp.5 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Japanese species of Parlatoria]
- Britto1923: pp.380 ( ) [Key to species of Parlatoria of Connecticut]
- Hollin1923: pp.34 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria in Missouri]
- Robins1917: pp.27 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Palmer1905: pp.145 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Newste1901b: pp.140 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
Remarks
- Systematics: Parlatoria proteus appears to be closely related to P. pergandii, but may be separated from it by the presence of spur-like eyespot on the prosoma and the considerably lesser numbers of submarginal pygidial macroducts (McKenzie, 1945).
- Structure: Female scale elongate, more or less oval, transparent brownish yellow, whitish toward border. Exuviae rounded oval. Male scale is light brown with black exuviae (Comstock, 1883). Slide-mounted adult female subcircular. Anterior spiracles each associated with 1−3 disc pores. Thoracic marginal tubercles small but conspicuous, spiniform. Derm pocket present between posterior spiracle and margin. Pygidium with 3 pairs of well-developed lobes, each lobe with 1 notch on each margin; fourth and fifth lobes (L4 and L5) present, but smaller than other lobes and resembling plates. Plates distally fimbriate, those medial to L3 slender; wider plates present lateral to L3 anteriorly to about abdominal segment II. Dorsal ducts not numerous, present around margins and submargins as far forward as segment II. A group of small submedian ducts present at base of pygidium. Perivulvar pores present in 4 groups. Ventral duct tubercles present on submarginal areas of prosoma and segment I. (Moghaddam & Watson, 2021)
- Biology: We have been unable to find information pertaining to the life history of this species. On orchids it apparently reproduces slowly in the greenhouse; each female produces up to 30 eggs (Zahradnik 1968). Both parthenogenetic (Nur 1971) and sexual races (Schmutterer 1952b) are reported. Scales may be found on the leaves or branches of the host. (Miller & Davidson, 2005).
- Economic Importance: Miller & Davidson (1990) list this insect as a serious and widespread pest. Proteus scale is considered to be a serious pest of ornamentals in Florida (Dekle 1977). It is a minor pest of citrus in Florida, China, Southeast Asia, Egypt, Argentina, (Talhouk 1975), and Brazil (Bondar 1914), and occasionally is found on avocado (Ebeling 1959). It also has been reported as a greenhouse pest of orchids and palms (Weigel and Sasscer 1923); lilies and amaryllis (Baker 1993); and bananas in the Canary Islands and Madagascar (Chua and Wood 1990). Beardsley and González (1975) consider this to be one of 43 major armored scale pests, and Miller and Davidson (1990) treated it as a serious world pest. (Miller & Davidson, 2005).
- General Remarks: Detailed descriptions and illustrations by Takagi (1969a) and Williams & Watson (1988). First-stage male described and illustrated by Howell & Tippins (1977). Malta was included in the distribution of this species on the authority of Borg (1922), but he gave no precise indication of its occurrence in Malta. Therefore, since Parlatoria proteus was not listed by later workers studying the scale insect fauna of Malta (not even by John Borg himself), and the species was not collected by Mifsud, et al., 2014, it was excluded from the Maltese fauna.
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 37
- Ali1969: distribution, host, taxonomy, 79
- AlmeidPeMa2018: distribution, host, 355
- AndersWuGr2010: phylogeny, taxonomy, 996-1003
- Badr2014: distribution, host, 51
- Balach1953g: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 779, 810-813
- Ballou1923: distribution, 86
- Barber1910: distribution, host, 425
- BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 260
- BazaroSh1971: taxonomy, 147
- Beards1966: distribution, host, taxonomy, 550, 551-552
- BeardsGo1975: economic importance, 49
- Bellio1929a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 236-238
- Bodenh1930: distribution, host, taxonomy, 17-18
- Bodkin1922: distribution, host, 60
- Bondar1915: distribution, 44
- Borchs1937: distribution, taxonomy, 102
- Borchs1937a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 87, 89
- Borchs1950b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 170
- Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, taxonomy, 197-198, 372
- Borg1922: description, distribution, host, 76
- Brain1919: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 213
- BrainKe1917: distribution, host, 185
- Brimbl1962: distribution, host, 224
- Britto1923: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 380-381
- BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 300
- Butche1959: distribution, host, 364
- CarvalCa1939: distribution, host, 30
- CaveRe1996: distribution, host, 7
- ChenWo1936: distribution, host, 103
- Cheo1935: distribution, host, 101
- Chou1985: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 230-232
- Chou1986: illustration, 638
- Clause1933: distribution, host, 17, 26
- Cocker1893j: distribution, host, 256
- Cocker1894d: distribution, 312
- Cocker1897g: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 108
- Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 397
- Cocker1905f: distribution, host, 134
- Colema1903: distribution, host, 85
- ColonFMe1998: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 116-117
- Colvee1881: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 21-24
- Comsto1883: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 113-114
- Comsto1916: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 574, 575-576
- CoronaRuMo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 40
- CorseuSi1971: distribution, host, taxonomy, 110
- CostaL1928: distribution, host, 127
- CostaL1936: distribution, host, 196
- CulikMaVe2008: distribution, host, 1-6
- Curtis1843b: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 676
- Danzig1971d: taxonomy, 840
- Danzig1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 84, 95, 97
- DanzigPe1998: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 330-331
- DaoBeWa2023: key, 1029
- Dean1909: distribution, host, 275
- Dekle1965c: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 13, 107
- DietzMo1916a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 315-316
- Dougla1887: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 241-242
- Draper1907: distribution, host, 11
- Dumble1954: distribution, host, 44, 89
- ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 113
- Esaki1940: distribution, host, 413-414
- Esaki1940a: distribution, economic importance, 278
- Essig1926: distribution, host, taxonomy, 305
- Ezzat1958: distribution, taxonomy, 249
- FangWuXu2001: taxonomy, 109
- FeltMo1928: distribution, host, 202
- Fernal1903b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 231, 320-321
- Ferris1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, SI-89
- Ferris1937a: taxonomy, 5
- Ferris1941e: taxonomy, 47
- Ferris1942: taxonomy, SIV-446:59
- FetykoKoDa2010: distribution, 298
- Fleury1935a: distribution, host, 28
- Foldi2001: distribution, economic importance, 306, 308
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 10
- Frogga1914: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 602
- Frogga1915: description, distribution, host, 29
- Fullaw1946: distribution, host, 160
- Fuller1897b: distribution, host, 1344
- Fuller1899: distribution, host, 466
- Fulmek1943: biological control, catalog, distribution, 57
- Garcia1930: biological control, distribution, 53
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 243
- Germai2008: distribution, 77-87
- GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, host, 23
- GhabboMo1996: description, distribution, host, 354
- GhaniMu1974: distribution, host, 84
- Gill1997: description, distribution, economic importance, illustration, taxonomy, 216, 221, 228
- Gogibe1938: distribution, host, 46
- GomezC1943: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 312-313
- GomezM1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 150-151
- GomezM1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 66-71
- Gowdey1921: description, distribution, host, 35-36
- GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 631
- Green1905a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 349
- Green1916: distribution, host, 30
- Green1922: distribution, host, 465
- Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 338
- GruwelWoKo2016: phylogeny, 173, 175, 176
- Hadzib1983: distribution, host, 197-198, 276
- Hall1922: distribution, host, taxonomy, 45
- Hall1946a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 527, 551
- Hartma1916: distribution, host, 109
- Henrik1921: distribution, host, 314
- HertinSi1972: biological control, distribution, 188
- Heu2002: distribution, host, 48
- Hinckl1963: distribution, host, 54
- Hollin1923: distribution, host, 34, 35, 67
- HowardOl1985: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 70-71
- HowellTi1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 125
- Hu1986J: taxonomy, 227
- HuHeWa1992: distribution, illustration, 198
- Hua2000: distribution, host, taxonomy, 157
- Hunter1900: distribution, host, taxonomy, 105, 106
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 27,34
- Kalsho1981: distribution, host, 165
- Kaussa1955: distribution, host, 18
- Kaussa1970: distribution, host, 8
- Kawai1980: distribution, host, taxonomy, 192
- KawaiMaUm1971: distribution, host, 18
- Kiritc1929: distribution, host, taxonomy, 174
- Kirkal1902: distribution, taxonomy, 110
- Kirkal1904b: distribution, host, 157
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 19
- KonstaKo1990: taxonomy, 8
- Koszta1996: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 550, 556-558
- KozarFoZa1996: distribution, 68
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 86
- Kuwana1902: distribution, host, 79
- Kuwana1907: distribution, host, taxonomy, 199
- Kuwana1925: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 5, 10-12
- LagowsGo2020: distribution, 69
- LambdiWa1980: distribution, host, 80
- Lawson1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 248, 251-252
- Leonar1899: taxonomy, 218
- Leonar1899a: taxonomy, 209
- Leonar1903a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 15, 23-25
- Leonar1920: distribution, taxonomy, 149
- Lepage1938: catalog, distribution, host, 414-415
- LepageFi1947: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 38-39
- Lindin1909b: distribution, host, 225
- Lindin1912b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 112, 367
- Lindin1913: distribution, host, 79
- Lindin1924: taxonomy, 176
- Lindin1932f: taxonomy, 204
- Lindin1935: taxonomy, 142
- Lindin1943a: taxonomy, 150
- Lizery1938: distribution, 356
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 128
- LongoMaPe1999a: distribution, 149
- Lupo1947: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 41, 61-67
- MacGil1921: distribution, host, taxonomy, 251, 304
- MacharKiHe2021: distribution, host, 5
- Malump2018: distribution, host, illustration, 55, 56
- Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 164
- Mamet1949: catalog, distribution, host, 43-44
- Mamet1956: distribution, host, 138
- Marlat1921a: distribution, host, 29
- Martin1983: distribution, host, taxonomy, 59-60
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, host, 43
- MartinWoCu2022: distribution, host, 6
- Maskel1893b: distribution, host, 213
- Maskel1897: distribution, host, 300
- Maskel1897a: distribution, host, 241
- Maxwel1902: distribution, 248
- McDani1924: distribution, host, 42
- McDani1972a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 330-332
- McKenz1945: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 49, 50, 53, 54, 72,7
- McKenz1952: taxonomy, 15
- McKenz1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 34, 142, 145, 147
- McKenz1960b: taxonomy, 211
- Medler1980: distribution, 89
- Merkel1938: distribution, 98
- Merril1953: distribution, host, 68-69
- MerrilCh1923: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 247
- MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, 517
- MilesMi1935: distribution, host, 90, 156
- MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, 143
- Miller2005: distribution, 488
- MillerDa1990: economic importance, taxonomy, 304
- MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, 330
- Misra1924CS: distribution, host, 350
- Miyosh1926: distribution, host, 306
- Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 48
- MoghadWa2021: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 188, 196, 198, 249
- Morris1939a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 22-24, 30
- MunroFo1936: catalog, distribution, host, 90
- Muraka1970: distribution, host, 67
- Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 402-403
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 68
- NakahaMi1981: distribution, host, 35
- Newste1901b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 140-143
- Newste1906a: distribution, host, 74
- Newste1908b: distribution, host, 37
- NikolsYa1966: biological control, distribution, 199
- Nishid2002: catalog, 142
- NormarJo2010: ecology, host, 3
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, taxonomy, 28, 84, 85, S6
- OConno1949: distribution, host, 88
- Paik1958: distribution, host, 32
- Paik1978: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 369, 371-372
- Palmer1905: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 137-138, 145
- Paoli1915: distribution, host, 267-268
- Pelliz2011: distribution, 312
- PellizFo1996: distribution, 122
- PellizGe2010a: distribution, host, 503
- Pelot1950: distribution, host, 17
- Penzig1887: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 495-497
- PerezG2008: distribution, 214
- PooleGe1997: distribution, 351
- Ramakr1919a: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 24-26
- Ramakr1919b: distribution, host, 98
- Ramakr1930: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 31-33
- Rao1965: distribution, host, 30
- Robins1917: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 27
- RodrigNaVa2019: distribution, host, 468
- RossHaOk2012: phylogeny, taxonomy, 199
- Sankar1984: biological control, distribution, host, 32
- Schmut1952: taxonomy, 580-581
- Schmut1959: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 132-134
- Signor1869: catalog, taxonomy, 867
- Signor1869d: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 450-451
- SilvadGoGa1968: catalog, distribution, host, 183
- Suh2016: key, 321
- SuhJi2009: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 1039-1054
- Szulcz1926: distribution, host, taxonomy, 140
- Takagi1969a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 34, 52
- Takagi1987: taxonomy, 10
- Takagi2008: illustration, taxonomy, 91-95,111-114
- Takaha1929: distribution, host, taxonomy, 11, 12, 20, 78
- Takaha1936c: distribution, host, 117-118
- Takaha1937a: distribution, host, 70
- Takaha1939b: distribution, host, 269
- Takaha1941b: distribution, host, 219
- Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 44
- Tanaka2010: taxonomy, 180-183
- Tang1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 118-119
- Tang2001: taxonomy, 4
- Tao1978: distribution, host, 86
- Tao1999: distribution, host, 106-107
- Targio1867: description, distribution, host, 14
- Targio1868: taxonomy, 735
- Targio1884: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 391
- Terezn1986: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 20
- TrenchTo2014: distribution, 70
- Trimbl1928: distribution, host, 47
- Tsalev1968: distribution, host, 213
- Vayssi1913: distribution, host, 431
- VelasqRi1969: distribution, 197
- Wang1982c: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 78, 80-81
- Watson2001: list, 177
- Watson2002: taxonomy, 117
- Watson2021: distribution, 524
- WatsonBe1937: chemical control, distribution, host, 14, 16
- Willia1985b: distribution, host, 53
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 230
- WilliaWa1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 202, 210-211
- WilliaWi1988: distribution, host, 70-71
- WolffEfDa2018: distribution, economic importance, host, key,
- WongChCh1999: distribution, illustration, 30-31, 73
- Yang1982: taxonomy, 273
- YunusHo1980: distribution, host, 34
- Zahrad1957: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 49-50
- Zahrad1990c: distribution, host, 16
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 169
- Zimmer1901: distribution, host, 19
- Zimmer1948: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 394, 396, 401-402
