Valid Names Results
Chionaspis Signoret, 1868 (
Diaspididae)
Nomenclatural History
- Chionaspis
Signoret
1868: 871.
Type species: Coccus salicis Linnaeus
by subsequent designation
Cooley1899:3, 9-10
.
accepted valid name
- Phenacaspis
Cooley & Cockerell
1899a: 398.
Type species: Chionaspis nyssae Cooley & Cockerell
.
junior synonym
(discovered by Takaha1956d: 48)
- Chianaspis
Froggatt
1908: 489;.
.
misspelling of genus name
- Fundaspis
MacGillivray
1921: 307.
.
junior synonym
(discovered by Ferris1936: 21)
- Chiomaspis
Borchsenius
1938: 139;.
.
misspelling of genus name
- Marchaliella
Bodenheimer
1951: 331.
Type species: Chionaspis lepineyi Balachowsky
.
junior synonym
(discovered by DanzigPe1998: 205)
- Chionapsis
Mouillefert, 1903 in Lindinger
1954: 620;.
.
misspelling of genus name
Remarks
- Systematics: Subfamily DIASPIDINAE Tribe DIASPIDINI Subtribe CHIONASPIDINA (Normark, et al., 2019)
Normark, et al., 2019 determined that Chionaspis is not a monophyletic genus.
Takagi (1985) proposes the evolutionary scenario that Chionaspis originated in eastern Asia and invaded North America in a comparatively recent time. Some species of Chionaspis are phenotypically plastic for characters that have been used to define genera, specifically the shape of the median lobes of the pygidium. Individuals developing on bark can have very differently shaped lobes from those on leaves (Takagi, 1990b). In a phylogenetic analysis by Morse and Normark, 2006, the six included species were scattered across five different places among the Diaspididae. Takagi (2019) details the taxonomic history of the genus.
- Structure: In his study published in 1999, Takagi adopted as a trial the view that Chionaspis species should have six-segmented antennae in the first instar without exception. In the subsequent study on the tropical species, he has not come across any exceptional case.
- Biology: In some species of Chionaspis occurring on deciduous trees, leaf-feeding individuals are remarkably different from conspecific bark-feeding ones in the shape of the median lobes and the leaf-associated forms are interpreted as seasonal manifestations of ancestral phenotypes (Takagi, 1985).
- General Remarks: Detailed treatment of North American Chionaspis species by Liu et al. (1989).
Keys
- MoghadWa2021: pp.31-33
(
Adult (F)
)
[Genera of Diaspididae in Iran]
- Koszta1996: pp.408
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to the genera of the subfamily Diaspidinae]
- LiuKoRh1989: pp.11
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to the genera of the subtribe Chionaspidina in North America]
- Danzig1988: pp.721
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of Diaspididae]
- KosztaKo1988F: pp.326
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of Diaspididae]
- Chen1983: pp.33
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of the Phenacaspidina]
- Chou1982: pp.57
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to Chinese genera of Chionaspinae]
- Wang1982c: pp.47
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera]
- Yang1982: pp.223
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of Diaspidini]
- Danzig1980b: pp.721
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of Diaspididae]
- Danzig1971d: pp.836
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of Diaspididae]
- EzzatAf1966: pp.383
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to the genera of Diaspidini of Egypt]
- Danzig1964: pp.645
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of Diaspididae]
- Koszta1963: pp.54
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to the genera of the tribe Diaspidini in Ohio]
- Ghauri1962: pp.213
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of Chionaspidina]
- Takagi1961a: pp.101
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of Japanese Diaspidini]
- Schmut1959: pp.176
(
Adult (F)
)
[Bestimmungstabelle der mitteleuropäischen Gattungen der subtribus Diaspidina]
- Ezzat1958: pp.243
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to the genera of Diaspidini]
- McKenz1956: pp.27
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to the genera of Tribe Diaspidini]
- Bodenh1952: pp.333
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of Diaspidinae]
- Zahrad1952: pp.98
(
Adult (F)
)
[Schlüssel zur bestimmung der gattungen der Cechoslovakischen Diaspidinae]
- Borchs1950b: pp.164
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of Diaspididae]
- Zimmer1948: pp.373
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of Diaspidini recorded from Hawaii]
- GomezM1946: pp.61
(
Adult (F)
)
[Diaspinos de España]
- Hall1946a: pp.543
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key for the separation of the genera of Diaspidini recorded from the Ethiopian Region]
- Ferris1942: pp.42
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera in the tribe Diaspidini]
- Borchs1937: pp.98
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of Diaspinae]
- Borchs1937a: pp.97
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera]
- GomezM1937: pp.44
(
Adult (F)
)
[Clave para diferenciar los géneros españoles de la subfamilia Diaspinos]
- Borchs1936: pp.138
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to species of Diaspinae]
- Kuwana1933a: pp.45
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of Japanese Diaspinae]
- Fullaw1932: pp.97
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of Diaspinae in Hawaii]
- Ramakr1930: pp.12
(
Adult (F)
)
[Generic synopsis of the Diaspinae]
- Britto1923: pp.361
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of subfamily Diaspinae]
- Hollin1923: pp.7
(
Adult (F)
)
[Genera of Diaspinae]
- MacGil1921: pp.307
(
Adult (F)
)
[Genera of Diaspidini]
- Leonar1920: pp.28
(
Adult (F)
)
[Tavola sinottica dei generi di Diaspini]
- Brain1919: pp.229
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera near Chionaspis]
- Lawson1917: pp.206
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of Diaspinae]
- Robins1917: pp.16
(
Adult (F)
)
[Synoptic table of Diaspinae genera]
- DietzMo1916a: pp.262
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to genera of Diaspidinae]
- Lindin1913: pp.65
(
Adult (F)
)
[Gruppe Diaspides]
- Newste1901b: pp.79
(
Adult (F)
)
[Synopsis of Diaspinae genera]
Associated References
- Archan1937:
description, taxonomy, pp. 80, 88
- Ashmea1891:
taxonomy, pp. 101
- Balach1954e:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 170, 171, 317-318, 3
- BerlesLe1898a:
taxonomy, pp. 11
- Bodenh1924:
taxonomy, pp. 21
- Bodenh1949:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 30, 40-41
- Bodenh1951:
taxonomy, pp. 331
- Bodenh1952:
taxonomy, pp. 332, 333
- Bodenh1953:
taxonomy, pp. 45
- Borchs1937a:
description, taxonomy, pp. 97, 98, 109
- Borchs1938:
taxonomy, pp. 138
- Borchs1949d:
description, taxonomy, pp. 192, 212-213
- Borchs1950b:
description, taxonomy, pp. 164, 191-192
- Borchs1966:
catalog, taxonomy, pp. 94, 118
- Brain1918:
taxonomy, pp. 116
- Brain1919:
taxonomy, pp. 229
- Britto1923:
description, taxonomy, pp. 361
- BruesMeCa1954:
taxonomy, pp. 163
- Chen1983:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 6-7, 63-66
- Chou1982:
distribution, taxonomy, pp. 57, 80-82
- Cocker1893d:
description, pp. 9
- Cocker1897i:
taxonomy, pp. 4
- Cocker1897r:
distribution, taxonomy, pp. 69
- Cocker1899a:
taxonomy, pp. 398
- Cocker1905b:
distribution, taxonomy, pp. 200
- Comsto1881a:
description, pp. 313
- Comsto1883:
description, taxonomy, pp. 54, 97
- Comsto1916:
description, taxonomy, pp. 462, 515, 558
- Cooley1899:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 8-10
- Cooley1903:
taxonomy, pp. 48
- Danzig1964:
taxonomy, pp. 645, 649
- Danzig1971d:
taxonomy, pp. 836
- Danzig1988:
description, taxonomy, pp. 721, 722-723
- Danzig1993:
description, taxonomy, pp. 317
- DanzigPe1998:
catalog, taxonomy, pp. 205-206
- DietzMo1916a:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 262, 263-264, 276
- Dougla1886:
taxonomy, pp. 245
- Ezzat1958:
distribution, taxonomy, pp. 243
- EzzatAf1966:
distribution, taxonomy, pp. 383
- Fernal1903b:
distribution, taxonomy, pp. 213, 237
- Ferris1936a:
illustration, taxonomy, pp. 21, 22, 24, 42, 54
- Ferris1937:
description, distribution, illustration, taxonomy, pp. SI-13, SI-91, SI-118
- Ferris1938:
taxonomy, pp. 46, 75
- Ferris1941f:
taxonomy, pp. 11
- Ferris1942:
taxonomy, pp. SIV-446: 42
- Ferris1953:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 62
- Ferris1955d:
description, taxonomy, pp. 41-43
- Ferris1956:
description, taxonomy, pp. 67
- FerrisRa1947:
taxonomy, pp. 26, 27
- FrankKr1900:
taxonomy, pp. 40, 100
- Frogga1914:
description, taxonomy, pp. 985-986
- Fullaw1932:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 97, 103
- Ghauri1962:
taxonomy, pp. 213
- Gill1997:
pp. 74
- GomezM1937:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 44, 213
- GomezM1946:
taxonomy, pp. 61
- Gowdey1921:
description, distribution, pp. 24
- GrandpCh1899:
taxonomy, pp. 9
- Green1896e:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 38
- Green1899a:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 105
- Green1922:
taxonomy, pp. 460
- Green1927:
distribution, taxonomy, pp. 3
- Hall1946a:
distribution, taxonomy, pp. 507, 521, 528, 543,
- Hollin1923:
distribution, taxonomy, pp. 7, 68, 69
- Jorgen1934:
pp. 277
- Korone1934:
distribution, taxonomy, pp. 51
- Koszta1963:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 54, 90
- Koszta1996:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 436-438
- KosztaKo1988F:
pp. 332
- Kuwana1926:
distribution, taxonomy, pp. 7, 8, 30
- Kuwana1928:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 2-3
- Kuwana1931a:
description, taxonomy, pp. 1-2
- Kuwana1933a:
distribution, taxonomy, pp. 45
- LagowsHo2012:
taxonomy, pp. 60-61
- Lawson1917:
distribution, taxonomy, pp. 206, 259
- Leonar1920:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 28, 225
- LinKoGu2013:
molecular data, phylogeny, pp. 257
- Lindin1906:
taxonomy, pp. 4, 6
- Lindin1908b:
taxonomy, pp. 97
- Lindin1913:
taxonomy, pp. 65
- Lindin1913d:
taxonomy, pp. 7
- Lindin1923:
taxonomy, pp. 147
- Lindin1933a:
taxonomy, pp. 160
- Lindin1935:
taxonomy, pp. 131
- Lindin1937:
taxonomy, pp. 181, 185, 193
- Lindin1943b:
taxonomy, pp. 264
- LiuKoRh1989:
description, distribution, host, taxonomy, pp. 11-18
- Low1882c:
taxonomy, pp. 522
- Lupo1938a:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 270
- MacGil1921:
description, taxonomy, pp. 307, 308, 337-338
- Mamet1951:
distribution, taxonomy, pp. 227
- Maskel1882:
taxonomy, pp. 216
- Maskel1887:
taxonomy, pp. 39, 54
- Maskel1889:
taxonomy, pp. 102
- McKenz1956:
taxonomy, pp. 27
- MoghadWa2021:
diagnosis, key, taxonomy, pp. 33, 56
- Morgan1888a:
taxonomy, pp. 47
- MorrisMo1966:
taxonomy, pp. 35, 153
- MorseNo2006:
phylogeny, taxonomy, pp. 343
- Myers1927LE:
distribution, taxonomy, pp. 342
- Newste1901b:
description, taxonomy, pp. 79, 179-180
- NormarOkMo2019:
taxonomy, pp. 43
- NormarOkMo2019:
phylogeny, radiation, taxonomy, pp. 52, 71, 72, 75
- Ramakr1930:
taxonomy, pp. 12
- Robins1917:
description, taxonomy, pp. 16, 20
- RuizCa1944:
distribution, taxonomy, pp. 57
- Sander1904a:
taxonomy, pp. 31
- Schmut1959:
description, illustration, taxonomy, pp. 176, 228-229
- Signor1869d:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 442
- Silves1939:
description, illustration, taxonomy, pp. 790-791
- Takagi1961:
description, taxonomy, pp. 4, 20, 33, 34
- Takagi1961a:
taxonomy, pp. 100, 101
- Takagi1970:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 69-70
- Takagi1985:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 5-9
- Takagi2005:
taxonomy, pp. 154
- Takagi2019a:
morphology, taxonomy, pp.
- TakagiKa1966:
taxonomy, pp. 109
- Takaha1935:
taxonomy, pp. 17
- Takaha1952a:
description, taxonomy, pp. 7
- Takaha1956d:
taxonomy, pp. 48
- Tang1986:
pp. 234
- Varshn2002:
distribution, host, pp. 58-59
- Varshn2002:
distribution, pp. 58-59
- Varshn2005:
pp. 161, 163
- Wang1982c:
description, taxonomy, pp. 46, 47, 82, 83, 113
- WilliaWa1988:
pp. 80
- Xie1998:
taxonomy, pp. 133
- Yang1982:
taxonomy, pp. 223
- Zahrad1952:
distribution, taxonomy, pp. 98, 183
- Zimmer1948:
description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 373, 384
87 Species
