Valid Names Results

Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, 1923 (Pseudococcidae: Phenacoccus)

Nomenclatural History

Phenacoccus madeirensis Green 1923b: 90. Type data: MADEIRA: Funchal, on unidentified plant. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (Willia1987c,347). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name Illustr.
Phenacoccus grenadensis Green & Laing 1924: 416. Type data: GRENADA: on egg-plant [= Solanum melongena]. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (Willia1987c,347). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Willia1987b, 347). Illustr.
Phenacoccus harbisoni Peterson 1965: 96. Type data: U.S.A.: California, Imperial County, sand hills near Gray's Well, on Helianthus tephrodes. Holotype, female, Type depository: Davis: The Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, California, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Willia1987b, 347).
Phenacoccus gossypii; Tranfaglia 1981: 11. misidentification
Phenacocus madeirensis; Macharia, et al. 2021: 6. misspelling of genus name
Phenacoccus madeiriensis Green, 1923; Evans & Abd-Rabou 2023: 61. misspelling of species epithet

Common Names

Madeira mealybug MuniapShWa2011
Cochinilla harinosa de Madeira KondoWaTa2022
madeira-kona-kaigaramushi KondoWaTa2022

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 57 | Genera: 162

Acanthaceae

Acanthus mollis | Sinaco1995
Crossandra | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Hemigraphis repanda | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Pachystachys coccinea | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992 | (= Jacobinia coccinea)
Ruellia simplex | YerlikBaKa2023 | (= Ruellia brittoniana)
Thunbergia erecta | MirabaGaCa2018

Amaranthaceae

Amaranthus | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Amaranthus viridis | YerlikBaKa2023
Iresine | BenDov1994 Willia1987c

Amaryllidaceae

Narcissus | BenDov1994 Willia1987c

Anacardiaceae

Mangifera indica | BenDov1994 KondoEsKa2002 Willia1987c

Annonaceae

Annona montana | KondoEsKa2002

Apiaceae

Petroselinum crispum | MazzeoLoRu1994 | (= Petroselinum hortense)

Apocynaceae

Catharanthus roseus | YerlikBaKa2023
Hoya carnosa | MazzeoLoRu1994 MazzeoSuRu2008
Mandevilla laxa | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Mandevilla splendens | BenDov1994 Willia1987c | (= Dipladenia splendens)
Nerium oleander | YerlikBaKa2023

Araceae

Dieffenbachia seguine | BenDov1994 Willia1987c | (= Dieffenbachia maculata)

Araliaceae

Aralia | BenDov1994 Tranfa1981
Heptapleurum actinophyllum | BenDov1994 Willia1987c | (= Schefflera actinophylla)
Polyscias | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Schefflera arboricola | BenDov1994 Willia1987c

Asparagaceae

Agave | MazzeoLoRu1994 MazzeoSuRu2008

Asphodelaceae

Bulbine frutescens | PachecKaBa2020

Asteraceae

Ageratina adenophora | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992 | (= Eupatorium adenophorum)
Ageratina altissima | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Ageratum houstonianum | Granar2003
Ambrosia artemisiifolia | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Artemisia californica | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Artemisia gorgonum | LagowsGoHo2022
Aster | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Bidens | BenDov1994 KondoEsKa2002 Willia1987c
Bidens pilosa | KondoEsKa2002 WangZhTi2018
Calendula | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Calendula arvensis | YerlikBaKa2023
Chromolaena odorata | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992 | (= Eupatorium odoratum)
Chrysanthemum | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Chrysopsis | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Cineraria | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Erigeron philadelphicus | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Eupatorium capillifolium | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Eupatorium serotinum | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Farfugium japonicum | BenDov1994 Willia1987c | (= Ligularia tussilaginea)
Gazania | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Gazania rigens | YerlikBaKa2023
Gerbera jamesonii | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Gynura aurantiaca | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Haplopappus | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Helianthus annuus | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Helianthus niveus | BenDov1994 Willia1987c | ssp. tephrodes
Helianthus tuberosus | YerlikBaKa2023
Helichrysum | Willia2004a
Leucanthemum vulgare | Granar2003 | (= Chrysanthemum leucanthemum)
Matricaria chamomilla | MirabaGaCa2018
Mikania micrantha | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Osteospermum ecklonis | YerlikBaKa2023
Osteospermum jucundum | StathaKaDa2015
Parthenium hysterophorus | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
Pluchea odorata | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
Solidago | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Sphagneticola trilobata | BenDov1994 Willia1987c | (= Wedelia trilobata)
Stevia rebaudiana | ElekciKa2021
Stokesia | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Taraxacum officinale | MazzeoLoRu1994
Verbesina virginica | BenDov1994 Willia1987c

Begoniaceae

Begonia | BenDov1994 MazzeoLoRu1994 Willia1987c

Bignoniaceae

Jacaranda | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992

Boraginaceae

Cordia curassavica | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Symphytum officinale | BenDov1994 Willia1987c

Brassicaceae

Brassica oleracea | KondoEsKa2002 | ssp. capitata
Brassica rapa | KondoEsKa2002 | (= Brassica campestris rapifera)

Bromeliaceae

Ananas comosus | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
Tillandsia | Granar2003
Tillandsia spiculosa | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992

Cactaceae

Selenicereus undatus | MazzeoLoRu1994 MazzeoSuRu2008 | (= Hylocereus undatus)

Campanulaceae

Campanula | SzitaFeBe2017
Lobelia cardinalis | BenDov1994 Willia1987c

Convolvulaceae

Ipomoea setifera | MatileGe2004
Jacquemontia blanchetii | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992

Crassulaceae

Adromischus cristatus | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Aeonium | PachecKaBa2020
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana | KatbehAlKa2019

Cucurbitaceae

Cucumis sativus | YerlikBaKa2023

Cupressaceae

Juniperus chinensis | BenDov1994 Willia1987c

Dioscoreaceae

Tacca | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992

Ebenaceae

Diospyros | BeltraSo2011

Ericaceae

Arbutus unedo | MazzeoLoRu1994

Euphorbiaceae

Acalypha | GermaiSt2004
Acalypha bicolor | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
Acalypha hispida | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Acalypha wilkesiana | BenDov1994 KondoEsKa2002 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Cnidoscolus | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Codiaeum | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
Codiaeum variegatum | WangDaTi2019
Croton glandulosus | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Croton punctatus | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
Euphorbia pulcherrima | BenDov1994 DeLott1977
Jatropha integerrima | BenDov1994 Willia1987c | (= Manihot diversifolia)
Manihot | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Manihot aesculifolia | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
Manihot carthaginensis | BenDov1994 CouturMaRi1985 | ssp. glaziovii
Manihot esculenta | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Manihot michaelis | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
Manihot rhomboidea | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Ricinus communis | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

Fabaceae

Acacia macracantha | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992 | (= Acacia flexuosa)
Cajanus cajan | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Cassia | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
Coronilla | BeltraSo2011
Desmodium tortuosum | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Erythrina | BeltraSo2011
Erythrina caffra | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Erythrina fusca | Sinaco1995 | (= Erythrina viarum)
Glycine max | KondoEsKa2002
Mimosa pudica | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
Sophora secundiflora | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Sophora tomentosa | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
Vigna radiata | KondoEsKa2002 | (= Phaseolus aureus)

Geraniaceae

Geranium | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Pelargonium | BenDov1994 MazzeoLoRu1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Pelargonium crispum | ElekciKa2021
Pelargonium domesticum | YerlikBaKa2023
Pelargonium graveolens | PachecKaBa2020
Pelargonium hortorum | Granar2003
Pelargonium hybridum | YerlikBaKa2023
Pelargonium zonale | KondoEsKa2002

Gesneriaceae

Chrysothemis pulchella | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992 | (= Tussacia pulchella )
Nematanthus wettsteinii | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Paradrymonia decurrens | BenDov1994 Willia1987c | (= Episcia decurrens)

Lamiaceae

Anisomeles indica | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992 | (= Epimeredi indicus)
Coleus | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Lamiaceae | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
Lavandula dentata | PachecKaBa2020
Mentha | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
Ocimum basilicum | KatbehAlKa2019 MazzeoLoRu1994 PapadoCh2012
Perilla frutescens | WangDaTi2019
Plectranthus verticillatus | BenDov1994 Willia1987c | (= Plectranthus nummularius)
Salvia coccinea | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Salvia farinacea | PachecKaBa2020
Salvia officinalis | YerlikBaKa2023
Salvia splendens | KondoEsKa2002

Liliaceae

Lilium candidum | YerlikBaKa2023

Loasaceae

Petalonyx thurberi | BenDov1994 Peters1965 Willia1987c

Lythraceae

Cuphea hyssopifolia | PachecKaBa2020

Malvaceae

Abelmoschus esculentus | BenDov1994 Willia1987c | (= Hibiscus esculentus)
Abutilon theophrasti | WangDaTi2019
Alcea rosea | LagowsGoHo2022 | (= Althaea rosea)
Althaea | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Althaea officinalis | YerlikBaKa2023
Corchorus olitorius | KondoEsKa2002
Gossypium | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Hibiscus cannabinus | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Hibiscus mutabilis | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | BenDov1994 JansenBeKa2011 MatileGe2004 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Hibiscus syriacus | GuenaoWaLa2019
Malva | MazzeoLoRu1994
Malvaceae | MartinLa2011
Malvaviscus arboreus | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Pavonia fruticosa | MirabaGaCa2018
Sida | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Theobroma cacao | Donald1956
Triumfetta althaeoides | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992 | var. subtriloba
Urena lobata | BenDov1994 Willia1987c

Menispermaceae

Cyclea insularis | KondoEsKa2002

Moraceae

Artocarpus altilis | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992 | (= Artocarpus communis)
Ficus benghalensis | Willia2004a
Ficus elastica | WangDaTi2019

Nyctaginaceae

Mirabilis jalapa | YerlikBaKa2023

Oleaceae

Ligustrum japonicum | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Olea europaea | Vatans2024

Passifloraceae

Passiflora edulis | KondoEsKa2002

Phyllanthaceae

Phyllanthus debilis | KondoEsKa2002

Poaceae

Avena sativa | AlfredDAsPa2020

Polygonaceae

Rumex | Willia2004a

Portulacaceae

Portulaca oleracea | YerlikBaKa2023

Primulaceae

Primula | BenDov1994 MarottTr1990

Ranunculaceae

Clematis tashiroi | KondoEsKa2002

Rosaceae

Fragaria x ananassa | PachecKaBa2020
Malus domestica | MazzeoLoRu1994
Malus sylvestris | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Rosa | BenDov1994 Willia1987c

Rubiaceae

Gardenia jasminoides | Granar2003

Rutaceae

Citrus | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
Citrus limon | MazzeoLoRu1994 | (= Citrus limonium)

Sapindaceae

Nephelium lappaceum | Willia2004a

Scrophulariaceae

Capraria biflora | MirabaGaCa2018
Leucophyllum | BenDov1994 Willia1987c

Smilacaceae

Smilax | BenDov1994 Willia1987c

Solanaceae

Brugmansia | YerlikBaKa2023
Capsicum | YerlikBaKa2023
Capsicum annuum | BenDov1994 MazzeoLoRu1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Capsicum frutescens | KondoEsKa2002
Cestrum diurnum | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Cestrum nocturnum | BenDov1994 HalimaGeMd2014 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Datura metel | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Solanum jasminoides | YerlikBaKa2023 | var. album
Solanum lycopersicum | BenDov1994 MazzeoLoRu1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992 | (= Lycopersicon esculentum)
Solanum melongena | BenDov1994 MazzeoLoRu1994 Willia1987c Willia2004a WilliaGr1992
Solanum nigrum | KondoEsKa2002
Solanum paniculatum | KondoEsKa2002
Solanum pseudocapsicum | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Solanum tuberosum | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Solanum wendlandii | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992

Urticaceae

Parietaria floridana | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Pilea | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Urera | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
Urtica | BenDov1994 Willia1987c

Verbenaceae

Aloysia citrodora | GuenaoWaLa2019 StathaKaDa2015
Citharexylum spinosum | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
Glandularia hybrida | BenDov1994 Willia1987c | (= Verbena hybrida)
Lantana camara | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
Lantana montevidensis | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

Vitaceae

Vitis vinifera | MazzeoLoRu1994

Zingiberaceae

Curcuma longa | KondoEsKa2002
Zingiber mioga | KondoEsKa2002

Foes:

Families: 6 | Genera: 27

Chrysopidae

Plesiochrysa ramburi | SattayUrSu2016

Coccinellidae

Clitostethus neuenschwanderi | Fursch1987
Diomus austrinus | ChongOeOs2005
Diomus hennesseyi | Fursch1987
Nephus phenacoccophagus | Fursch1987
Nephus regularis | VidyaBh2017
Scymnus coccivora | VidyaBh2017
Tenuisvalvae notata | AlfredDAsPa2020 SantosCaPe2017 | (= Hyperaspis notata)

Encyrtidae

Acerophagus angelicus | KondoWaTa2022
Acerophagus coccois | AlfredDAsPa2020
Acerophagus nubilipennis | KondoWaTa2022
Acerophagus pallidus | AlfredDAsPa2020
Aenasius flandersi | KondoWaTa2022
Anagyrus | AlfredDAsPa2020
Anagyrus amnestos | KondoWaTa2022
Anagyrus bermudensis | KondoWaTa2022
Anagyrus elgeri | KondoWaTa2022
Anagyrus loecki | KondoWaTa2022
Anagyrus pseudococci | JaposhYeKa2023
Anagyrus sinope | KondoWaTa2022
Apoanagyrus elgeri | AlfredDAsPa2020
Blepyrus insularis | AlfredDAsPa2020
Bothriocraera bicolor | KondoWaTa2022
Cheiloneurus carinatus | KondoWaTa2022
Coccidoxenoides perminutus | KondoWaTa2022
Dicarnosis ripariensis | LomeliLiGo2021
Gyranusoidea | KondoWaTa2022
Holcencyrtus myrmicoides | KondoWaTa2022
Homalotylus ephippium | JaposhYeKa2023
Leptomastix baspinari | JaposhYeKa2023
Leptomastix dactylopii | KondoWaTa2022
Metanotalia maderensis | AlfredDAsPa2020
Prochiloneurus bolivari | KondoWaTa2022
Prochiloneurus pulchellus | KondoWaTa2022
Zarhopalus zancles | KondoWaTa2022

Eulophidae

Anaprostocetus | KondoWaTa2022

Phytoseiidae

Amblyseius degenerans | AlfredDAsPa2020
Euseius stipulatus | AlfredDAsPa2020
Typhlodromus foenilis | AlfredDAsPa2020 | (= Anthoseius foenilis)

Platygastridae

Allotropa gundlupetensis | VeenakBuMo2013

Associates:

Families: 2 | Genera: 2

Betaproteobacteria

Candidatus Tremblaya phenacola | ChoiLe2022

Formicidae

Tetramorium | BenDovSa2015

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 94

Algeria | GuenaoWaLa2019

Angola | Almeid1973 BenDov1994 CABI2000 DeLott1977

Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c
Barbuda | BenDov1994 CABI2000 WilliaGr1992

Argentina

Tucuman | Granar2003 GranarCl2003 GranarSz2007

Bahamas | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

Barbados | KondoWaTa2022

Benin | CABI2000

Bermuda | BenDov1994 CABI2000 HodgsoHi1990 HodgsoHi1991 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

Bolivia | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

Bonin Islands (=Ogasawara-Gunto) | KondoWaTa2022

Brazil | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

Bahia | CABI2000
Espirito Santo | CulikMaVe2007
Minas Gerais | CABI2000
Rio de Janeiro | CABI2000
Sao Paulo | CABI2000

British Virgin Islands | CABI2000

Cameroon | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c

Cape Verde | BenDov1994 CABI2000 SchmutPiKl1978 VanHarCoWi1990 Willia1987c

Cayman Islands | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

China

Fujian (=Fukien) | WangDaTi2019
Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | WangZhTi2018
Hainan | WuNaLu2010
Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | WangDaTi2019

Colombia | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Kondo2001 WilliaGr1992

Congo | CABI2000

Costa Rica | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

Cote d'Ivoire (=Ivory Coast) | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c

Crete | JansenBeKa2011

Croatia | MastenSiMa2015

Cuba | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

Cyprus | UlgentHo2019

Democratic Republic of the Congo (=Zaire) | KondoWaTa2022

Dominica | BenDov1994 CABI2000 WilliaGr1992

Dominican Republic | BenDov1994 CABI2000 WilliaGr1992

Ecuador | BenDov1994 CABI2000 WilliaGr1992

Egypt | EvansAb2023

Federated States of Micronesia | CABI2000

France | MatileGe2004 MatileGePi2004

French Guiana | KondoWaTa2022

Gabon | CABI2000

Gambia | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c

Germany | WangDaTi2019

Ghana | CABI2000

Greece | PapadoCh2012 SzitaFeBe2017

Grenada | BenDov1994 CABI2000 GreenLa1924 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

Guadeloupe | BenDov1994 CABI2000 MatileEt2006 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

Guam | CABI2000

Guatemala | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

Guiana | GermaiDeLa2016

Guyana (=British Guiana) | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

Haiti | BenDov1994 CABI2000 PerezG2008 WilliaGr1992

India

Kerala | VidyaBh2017
Tamil Nadu | KondoWaTa2022

Italy | BenDov1994 LongoMaPe1995 MarottTr1990 MazzeoLoRu1994 MazzeoSuRu2008

Sicily | CABI2000 LongoMaRu1995 RussoMa1997 Sinaco1995

Jamaica | BenDov1994 CABI2000 WilliaGr1992

Japan | WangDaTi2019

Kyushu | KondoWaTa2022
Shikoku | KondoWaTa2022

Jordan | KatbehAlKa2019

Kampuchea (=Cambodia) | GrazioMiAl2015

Kenya | MacharKiHe2021

Laos | GrazioMiAl2015

Liberia | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c

Madeira Islands | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Green1923b

Malawi | KondoWaTa2022

Martinique | GermaiSt2004 MatileEt2006

Mauritius | KondoWaTa2022

Mexico | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

Mexico State | LomeliLiGo2021

Montserrat | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

Morocco | JansenAl2023

Mozambique | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c

Netherlands | JansenAl2023

Nigeria | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c

Pakistan | Willia2004a

Panama | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

Paraguay | BenDov1994 CABI2000 WilliaGr1992

Peru | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

Philippines | Willia2004a

Portugal | FrancoRuMa2011

Puerto Rico & Vieques Island

Puerto Rico | BenDov1994 CABI2000 WilliaGr1992

Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014

Rwanda | WangDaTi2019

Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) | KondoWaTa2022

Saint Kitts and Nevis Islands

Nevis | BenDov1994 CABI2000 WilliaGr1992
Saint Kitts | BenDov1994 Willia1987c

Saint Lucia | BenDov1994 CABI2000 WilliaGr1992

Sao Tome and Principe | CABI2000

Senegal | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c

Seychelles | GermaiAtBa2008

Sierra Leone | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c

Spain | BeltraSo2011 SzitaGoPa2022

Swaziland (=Eswatini) | AssefaMa2018

Taiwan | YehLiCh2006

Thailand | MuniapShWa2011

Togo | CABI2000

Trinidad and Tobago

Tobago | BenDov1994 CABI2000 WilliaGr1992
Trinidad | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c

Tunisia | HalimaGeMd2014

Turkey | KaydanErUl2012

U.S. Virgin Islands | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992 | KondoWaTa2022

United States

Alabama | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c
California | BenDov1994 CABI2000 DownieGu2004 Peters1965 Willia1987c
Florida | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c
Illinois | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c
Louisiana | CABI2000
Maryland | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c
Minnesota | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c
Mississippi | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c
New York | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c
North Carolina | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c
Texas | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c
Virginia | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c
Wisconsin | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c

Uruguay | PachecKaBa2020

Venezuela | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992

Vietnam | Willia2004a

Yemen | WangDaTi2019 | PorcelPe2019

Zimbabwe | BenDov1994 CABI2000 Willia1987c

Keys

PowellDeMo2024: pp.7 ( Adult (F) ) [Slide-mounted Phenacoccus species in Florida]
EvansAb2023: pp.8-13 ( Adult (F) ) [Pseudococccidae of Egypt]
TanakaSaCh2022: pp.313 ( Adult (F) ) [Phenacoccus species in Japan]
JoshiSuRe2021: pp.118-119 ( Adult (F) ) [Field characters of mealybugs in cassava]
JoshiSuRe2021: pp.119-120 ( Adult (F) ) [Microscopic characters of mealybugs in cassava]
PachecKaBa2020: pp.504-505 ( Adult (F) ) [Pseudococcidae in Uruguay]
Suh2019a: pp.2-6 ( Adult (F) ) [mealybugs interepted in S. Korea]
ZhaoWaSu2014: pp.116-117 ( Adult (F) ) [Phenacoccus in China]
TanakaUe2012: pp.414 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to separate four new invasive mealybug species: Dysmicoccus neobrevipes, Ph. defectus, Ph. parvus and P. solenopsis from other mealybugs occurring in the Ryukyu Archipelago]
ParsaKoWi2012: pp.10-Aug ( Adult (F) ) [Key to mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) recorded on Manihot spp. (Euphorbiaceae) in the World]
WilliaMa2009a: pp.97-101 ( Adult (F) ) [Pseudococcidae species from Mauritius]
GranarSz2007: pp.41-43 ( Adult (F) ) [Phencoccus species of South America]
Willia2004a: pp.590-591 ( Adult (F) ) [Phenacoccus species of southern Asia]
MarottPa1997: pp.114 ( Adult (F) ) [Italian mealybugs on Geranium sp.]
MarottRuMa1997: pp.438 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
WilliaGr1992: pp.348 ( Adult (F) ) [Central and South America]
Willia1987c: pp.338 ( Adult (F) ) [North and South America]
Beards1960: pp.211 ( Adult (M) ) [Hawaii]

Remarks

Systematics: Discussion, Williams (1987) mentioned three variants of this species, one of which was collected from Madeira, one collected from Colombia on Manihot esculenta (Euphorbiaceae) and one collected from Louisiana, Baton Rouge (U.S.A), on Althaea sp. (Malvaceae). Kaydan, et al. found that the distribution and frequency of the multilocular pores on the dorsum and tubular ducts on the venter also varied. P. gossypii and P. madeirensis differ from P. franseriae and P. psidiarum by lacking dorsal cerarii on the abdomen and from each other by the presence in P. gossypii of dorsal submedial multilocular pores on the mesothorax that are absent from P. madeirensis, as was also recorded by Williams & Granara de Willink (1992). Their phylogenetic analysis, based on morphology, recovered P. gossypii and P. madeirensis in the same clade, although nesting in separate subclades (Granara de Willink & Szumik 2007). Watson, et al. 2017 morphological analysis shows that the absolute presence versus absence of dorsal multilocular pores on the thorax, is not sufficient to reliably separate P. gossypii from P. madeirensis. We suggest instead that pore counts could be used, with P. gossypii as currently understood having a total of more than 70 dorsal multilocular pores on the pro- and mesothorax versus P. madeirensis having fewer than five. However, this character does not allow separation of the cryptic species evidenced by their DNA analysis within the P. madeirensis complex. Three haplotypes (named H1, H2, and H3) were detected in the COI gene of P. madeirensis in GenBank. Individuals of haplotype H1 were from China [accessions KY372757, KY373159, KY372819, KY372762 (Wang et al., 2016) and KP692615, KP692619 (Ren et al., 2018)] and the Seychelles [accession KY372717 (Ren et al., 2017)]. Haplotype H2 was described from the USA [accessions KU550064 (Ellenrieder et al., 2016) and KY192523 (Watson et al., 2017)], Spain [accession JF714207 (Beltrà et al., 2012)] and France [accession JQ085561 (Abd-Rabou et al., 2012)], while haplotype H3 is from the USA [accession KY372827 (Ren et al., 2017)].
Structure: Colour photograph of adult female by Matile-Ferrero et al. (2004). Phenacoccus madeirensis has a grey oval body covered by thin, white, mealy wax, with red legs and dark dorso-submedial bare spots on intersegmental areas of the thorax and abdomen. These areas form 1 pair of dark longitudinal lines on the dorsum. The ovisac covers the entire dorsum, with 18 pairs of lateral wax filaments, the posterior pairs being the longest. They were approximately the length of the body or a little shorter. (Papadopoulou & Chryssohoides, 2012)
Biology: Phenacoccus madeirensis normally reproduces sexually, although there have been some reports of reproduction by parthenogenesis, possibly referable to some other group members (Kondo, et al., 2022) Life history, under laboratory conditions, in Sicily studied by Longo et al. (1995). In Sicily it develops 5-6 generations per year (Sinacori, 1995). Ho et al. (2009) identified and synthesized the female sex pheromone.
Economic Importance: This mealybug is common on cassava, causing, however, little damage. It is often injurious to potatoes in Peru. It is extremely common in Africa, probably been introduced there from Neotropical region (Williams & Granara de Willink, 1992). In 2010 and 2011, a serious mealybug infestation was observed on Ocimum basilicum (large leaf or sweet basil) in Greece. (Papadopoulou & Chryssohoides, 2012)
General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Williams (1958, 1987c), Williams & Granara de Willink (1992), Williams (2004a) and by Granara de Willink & Szumik (2007). The redescriptions and illustrations of the adult female given by Ferris in Zimmerman (1948), Ferris (1950b) and by McKenzie (1967), and of the adult male by Beardsley (1960) (of Hawaiian population) and Beardsley (1962) (of Californian populations) under the name of P. gossypii probably represent P. madeirensis. Likewise, the records of P. gossypii from Hawaii by Ferris in Zimmerman (1948) and by Beardsley (1960), and from Guam by Beardsley (1975) are probably misidentifications of P. madeirensis.

Illustrations

PowellDeMo2024

YaylaKaCa2024

MdelleAdZo2019

Citations

AlfredDAsPa2020: economic importance, host, natural enemies, 996
Almeid1973b: distribution, host, 18
AssefaMa2018: DNA sequencing, distribution, host,
BellotReGu1985: distribution, economic importance, host, 393-416
BellotSc1977: distribution, economic importance, host, 188-193
BeltraSo2011: distribution, host,
BeltraSoMa2012: molecular data, phylogenetics, 167-171
BenDov1994: 328-330
BenDovSa2015: distribution, host, 314
BilginKeUl2021: host, life cycle,
BilginKeUl2021: biology,
CABI2000: distribution, host, 1-4
ChoiLe2022: endosymbiont, phylogeny, 358,359
ChongOe2006: biological control, life history, 39-50
ChongOe2006a: biological control,
ChongOe2006b: biological control, life history, 1188-1197
ChongOe2006c: biological control, life history, 1198-1207
ChongOe2006d: biological control, life history, 320-328
ChongOe2007a: biological control, life history, 78-85
ChongOe2008: biological control, life history, 169-176
ChongOeOs2005: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 39-48
ChongOeVa2003: distribution, host, life history, 539-543
ChongVaOe2004: ecology, life history, 387-397
CoccoPaBe2020: control,
CouturMaRi1985: distribution, host, 280
CulikMaVe2007: distribution, host, 1-5
DeLott1977: distribution, host, 32
Donald1956: biological control, distribution, host, 48-60
DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 119
DownieGu2004: distribution, host, molecular data, phylogeny, 258-259
ElekciKa2021: distribution, host, 9
EspinoGuOs2018: chemical control,
EvansAb2023: distribution, host, taxonomy, 1,22
EvansAb2023: distribution, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 6, 9, 22, 61
FoldiGe2018: distribution, list, 12
FrancoCoLu2021: reproduction, 254
FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 19,25
Fursch1987: biological control, 387-394
GermaiAtBa2008: distribution, host, 129-135
GermaiDeLa2016: host, list of species, 4
GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, host, 24
GermaiSt2004: distribution, host, 223-224
Granar2003: distribution, host, 80-81
GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 625-637
GranarSz2007: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 77,83
GrazioMiAl2015: climate change, distribution, economic importance, host, 1071-1073
Green1923b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 90-91
GreenLa1924: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 416-417
GuenaoWaLa2019: distribution, host, illustration,
HalimaGeMd2014: distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 1-2
HardyGuHo2008: molecular data, phylogeny, taxonomy, 51-71
HoKoCh2011: chemical control, chemistry, distribution, 823-826
HoSuKo2009: chemical ecology, chemistry, 724-732
HodgsoHi1990: distribution, host, 2-22
HodgsoHi1991: distribution, host, 144
JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 30,35
JansenBeKa2011: distribution, host, 483-484
JaposhYeKa2023: natural enemies, 578-582
JoshiSuRe2021: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key,
KatbehAlKa2019: distribution, host, illustration,
KaydanCaUl2013: distribution, 169
KaydanErUl2012: description, distribution, host, 68-74
Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 37
KondoEsKa2002: distribution, host, 337-340
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 24
KondoWaTa2022: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, importance, natural enemies, 165-167
LagowsGoHo2022: distribution, host, list, 11
LomeliLiGo2021: natural enemies,
LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 119
LongoMaRu1995: distribution, host, life history, 219-222
LongoRu1990: distribution, host, 114-115
LopezMBeRe2014: endosymbionts,
MacharKiHe2021: distribution, host, 6
Malump2012b: distribution, 211
Malump2014a: distribution, host, 81
MarottTr1990: distribution, host, 109
MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, host, 47
MastenSiMa2015: description, distribution, host, 318, 321-322
MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 181
MatileGe2004: distribution, host, 191-192
MatileGePi2004: distribution, host, 35-37
MazzeoLoPe2014: distribution, 57
MazzeoLoPe2014: distribution, 58
MazzeoLoRu1994: distribution, host, 202-203
MazzeoSuRu2008: distribution, host, 149-152
McKenz1967: description, distribution, host, taxonomy,
MdelleAdZo2019: distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, phenology,
Meurge2011: distribution, 82
MirabaGaCa2018: distribution, host, 194
MuniapShWa2011: distribution, 168,170
OettinCh2002: biological control, 41-42
Olivei2019: natural enemies,
PachecBeBl2014: molecular data, 5
PachecKaBa2020: distribution, host, key, phylogeny, 505, 506, 511
PalmaJBlGu2019: distribution,
PapadoCh2012: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, structure, 146-147
ParsaKoWi2012: taxonomy, 9
PellizChMi2015: distribution, 64,72
PellizPoSe2011: distribution, host, 293
PerezG2008: distribution, 216
Peters1965: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 96-99
PooranJoTh2022: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration,
PowellDeMo2024: illustration, key, 3, 7
PowellDeMo2024: morphology, 8
RagusaTs1995: biological control, distribution, host, 301-307
RenAsHu2017: DNA, phylogeny, 4, 6
RhodesTuCh2019: ecology,
RodrigNaVa2019: distribution, host, 470
RossHaOk2012: phylogeny, taxonomy, 199
RussoMa1997: distribution, 51
SantosCaPe2017: natural enemies,
SattayUrSu2016: biological control, natural enemies, 460-464
SchmutPiKl1978: distribution, economic importance, host, 328
Sinaco1995: distribution, host, life history, 179-182
SpodekBeMo2018: dispersal, 1
StathaKaDa2015: distribution, host,
StathaKaDa2021: distribution, host, illustration, 58-59
Suh2019a: key, 4
SzitaFeBe2017: distribution, 463
SzitaGoPa2022: distribution, 3
TanakaSaCh2022: key, 313
TanakaUe2012: taxonomy, 414
TokunaSeUt2018: distribution, host, 143
UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S125
UlusoyKaBi2022: chemical control, control, wax, wax secretion,
UneliuElTw2011: molecular data, 170
VanHarCoWi1990: distribution, host, 133
Vatans2024: distribution, host, 143, 145
VeenakBuMo2013: natural enemies, 223-225
VidyaBh2017: distribution, host, natural enemies, 214
WangDaTi2019: DNA sequencing, distribution, economic importance,
WangZhTi2018: distribution, host, 2
WaqasShCh2019: biology, reproduction,
Watson2021: distribution, 526
WatsonMi2017: dispersal, 34
WatsonMi2017: dispersal, 35
WatsonWiVo2017: distribution, molecular data, morphology, taxonomy, 115-126
WeiLiLu2019: climate change, dispersal,
Willia1958: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 230-232
Willia1986c: distribution, host, taxonomy, 50-51
Willia1987c: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 347-353
Willia2004a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 600-603
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 247, 248
WilliaGr1992: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 372-375
WilliaMa2009a: taxonomy, 97-101
WilliaMa2012: distribution, host, 89
WinotaGoTa2010: distribution, 10N
WuNaLu2010: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, structure, 8-12
YaylaKaCa2024: dispersal, distribution, economic importance, host plant, 62
YehLiCh2006: distribution, host, life history, 329-342
YerlikBaKa2023: distribution, host, illustration, list, 6,7
ZhaoWaSu2014: key, 116
ZouChMi2013: chemistry, 136