Valid Names Results
Melanaspis obscura (Comstock, 1881) (Diaspididae: Melanaspis)Nomenclatural History
- Aspidiotus obscurus Comstock 1881a: 303. Type data: USA: Washington, D.C., on the bark of the limbs of willow oak, Quercus phellos.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (DeitzDa1986,58). Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name Illustr.
- Aspidiotus (Melanaspis) obscurus Comstock, 1881; Cockerell 1897i: 21. change of combination
- Chrysomphalus obscurus (Comstock, 1881); Leonardi 1897: 286. change of combination
- Melanaspis obscura (Comstock, 1881); Lindinger 1911: 356. change of combination requiring emendation of specific epithet for agreement in gender
- Aspidiotus jaboticabae Hempel 1918: 206. Type data: BRAZIL: State of Sao Paolo, S. Manuel, on Eugenia jaboticabae.. Holotype, female, by original designation (Wolff2014,4). junior synonym
- Targionia jaboticabae (Hempel, 1918); Lepage & Giannotti 1943: 337. change of combination
- Chrysomphalus (Melanaspis) obscurus (Comstock, 1881); Merrill 1953: 38. change of combination
- Melanaspis jaboticabae (Hempel, 1918); Borchsenius 1966: 349. change of combination
- Melanaspis obscura (Comstock, 1881); Borchsenius 1966: 350. revived combination (previously published)
Common Names
- obscure scale Comsto1881a Dekle1965c McKenz1956 Merril1953 MerrilCh1923
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 12 | Genera: 18
- Adoxaceae
- Viburnum arboreum | Merril1953
- Viburnum obovatum | Koszta1996
- Anacardiaceae
- Spondias purpurea | MerrilCh1923
- Cornaceae
- Cornus | Ferris1941d Koszta1996 McKenz1956
- Fabaceae
- Prosopis | Ferris1941d Koszta1996 McDani1970 McKenz1956
- Fagaceae
- Castanea | DeitzDa1986 Ferris1941d Koszta1996 McKenz1956
- Castanea pumila | DeitzDa1986
- Fagus | Koszta1996
- Fagus grandifolia | DeitzDa1986
- Quercus | BesheaTiHo1973 DeitzDa1986 Dekle1965c McKenz1956
- Quercus alba | BesheaTiHo1973 DeitzDa1986
- Quercus bicolor | DeitzDa1986
- Quercus chapmanii | NormarOkMo2019
- Quercus coccinea | DeitzDa1986 McKenz1956
- Quercus falcata | DeitzDa1986
- Quercus laurifolia | BesheaTiHo1973 TippinBe1970
- Quercus macrocarpa | DeitzDa1986
- Quercus marilandica | DeitzDa1986
- Quercus michauxii | DeitzDa1986
- Quercus nigra | DeitzDa1986
- Quercus palustris | DeitzDa1986 HendriWi1992
- Quercus phellos | Comsto1881a DeitzDa1986 McKenz1956
- Quercus prinoides | DeitzDa1986
- Quercus robur | DeitzDa1986
- Quercus rubra | DeitzDa1986
- Quercus shumardii | NormarOkMo2019
- Quercus stellata | BesheaTiHo1973 DeitzDa1986
- Quercus velutina | DeitzDa1986 Hunter1899 DeitzDa1986 | (= Quercus tinctoria),
- Quercus virginiana | BesheaTiHo1973 DeitzDa1986 McDani1970
- Juglandaceae
- Carya | DeitzDa1986 Ferris1941d Koszta1996 | (= Hicoria)
- Carya illinoinensis | Ferris1941d McKenz1956 | (= Hicoria pecan)
- Carya laciniosa | DeitzDa1986
- Carya ovata | DeitzDa1986
- Juglans | Ferris1941d Koszta1996 McDani1970 McKenz1956
- Myrtaceae
- Plinia cauliflora | ClapsWoGo2001 Hempel1918 Lepage1938 LepageGi1943 | (= Eugenia jaboticaba)
- Oleaceae
- Fraxinus americana | DeitzDa1986
- Olea europaea | Wolff2014
- Rosaceae
- Prunus reverchonii | McKenz1956
- Sapindaceae
- Acer | TippinBe1970
- Sapindus | Koszta1996
- Ulmaceae
- Planera aquatica | Koszta1996
- Ulmus | DeitzDa1986 Koszta1996
- Ulmus procera | DeitzDa1986
- Vitaceae
- Vitis | Koszta1996 McKenz1956
Foes:
Families: 5 | Genera: 8
- Aphelinidae
- Ablerus clisiocampae | Gordh1979
- Coccobius varicornis | Gordh1979 | )= Physcus varicornis)
- Coccophagoides fuscipennis | Gordh1979
- Encarsia aurantii | PolaszAbHu1999
- Encarsia berlesei | Gordh1979 | (=Prospaltella berlesei)
- Hemisarcoptidae
- Hemisarcoptes malus | GersonOcHo1990
- Myriangiales
- Myriangium duriaei | EvansPr1990
- Nectriaceae
- Nectria aurantiicola | EvansPr1990
- Nectria flammea | EvansPr1990
- Signiphoridae
- Thysanus ater | Woolle1990
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 4
- Brazil
- Rio Grande do Sul | EfromRoWo2019
- Sao Paulo | ClapsWoGo2001 Hempel1918 Lepage1938 LepageGi1943
- Canada | Nakaha1982
- Japan | Kawai1977 Kawai1980
- United States
- Alabama | DeitzDa1986 HendriWi1992
- Arkansas | DeitzDa1986
- California | McKenz1956
- Connecticut | DeitzDa1986
- Delaware | Nakaha1982
- District of Columbia | Comsto1881a DeitzDa1986
- Florida | Dekle1965c MerrilCh1923 Wilson1917
- Georgia | BesheaTiHo1973 DeitzDa1986 TippinBe1970
- Illinois | DeitzDa1986
- Indiana | DeitzDa1986
- Iowa | DeitzDa1986
- Kansas | DeitzDa1986 Hunter1899
- Kentucky | DeitzDa1986
- Louisiana | DeitzDa1986
- Maryland | DeitzDa1986
- Mississippi | DeitzDa1986 Herric1911
- Missouri | DeitzDa1986 Hollin1923
- New Jersey | DeitzDa1986
- New York | Nakaha1982
- North Carolina | DeitzDa1986
- Ohio | DeitzDa1986
- Oklahoma | DeitzDa1986
- Pennsylvania | DeitzDa1986 Stimme1980a
- South Carolina | DeitzDa1986
- Tennessee | DeitzDa1986
- Texas | DeitzDa1986 Ferris1941d McDani1970
- Virginia | BesheaTiHo1973 DeitzDa1986
- West Virginia | DeitzDa1986
Keys
- WolffEfDa2018: pp.5-7 ( Adult (F) ) [Secies recorded on Olea europaea in Brazil]
- MillerDa2005: pp.29-34 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
- Gill1997: pp.194 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of California]
- Koszta1996: pp.533 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North America]
- DeitzDa1986: pp.12-15 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Kawai1980: pp.206 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
- McDani1970: pp.411-412 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: Texas]
- McKenz1956: pp.26 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: California]
- Britto1923: pp.376 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: Connecticut]
- Hollin1923: pp.29 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: Missouri]
- Lawson1917: pp.210 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: Kansas]
- DietzMo1916a: pp.307 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: Indiana]
- Comsto1883: pp.55-57 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
Remarks
- Systematics: Genbank accession numbers: KF887360, KF887388, KF887362, KF887390, KF887363, KF887364, KF887365, KF887391, KF887401, KF88740, KF887382, KF887411, KF887412 and KF887392. (Campbell, et al., 2014)
- Structure: The female junior synonym, Melanaspis jaboticabae is circular to sub-circular in outline; hard, opaque and variable, some being more convex then others; colour dark brown to black; with the inner surface lined with a white secretion (Hempel, 1918). Female scale irregular in outline, but nearly circular, 3 mm in diameter; very dark gray; slightly convex; exuviae between center and one side, their position is indicated by a nipple-like prominence, which is marked with a white dot and concentric ring of the same color; ventral scale consists of a delicate film of white secretion, and the lower half of the exuviae attached to the bark (Comstock, 1881a). Colour photograph by Gill (1997).
- Biology: Occurring on the bark of the host, with no special tendency to be hidden in cracks or under the bark (Ferris, 1941d). Develops one generation a year in Alabama, USA (Hendricks & Williams (1992), Maryland, USA (Stoetzel & Davidson, 1971), Ohio, USA (Kosztarab, 1963) and Louisiana (Baker, 1933).
- Economic Importance: Description and illustration of adult female by Hempel (1918) and by Lepage & Giannotti (1943). obscure scale is a serious pest of oaks, Quercus spp. in eastern states of USA (Gill, 1997; Hendricks & Williams, 1992), of shade trees in Maryland, USA (Stoetzel & Davidson, 1971), and of pecan in southern USA (Osburn & Pierce, 1963).
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female, Melanaspis jaboticabae, by Ferris (1941d), McKenzie (1956), Deitz & Davidson (1986), Kosztarab (1996) and by Gill (1997).
Illustrations
Citations
- AhmedMi2017: distribution, 1
- AhmedMi2017: distribution, 1
- AndersWuGr2010: molecular data, 992-1003
- Baker1933: control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 1-19
- BenDovGe2003: catalog, taxonomy, 618
- BenDovGe2003: catalog, 627-630
- Berger1942a: biological control, distribution, host, 26-29
- Berger1942a: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 26-29
- BesheaTiHo1973: distribution, host, 7
- Borchs1966: catalog, taxonomy, 349
- Borchs1966: catalog, 350
- Bray1974: description, distribution, host, life history, 1-33
- Britto1923: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 376-377
- BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 300
- CampbeLaHu2014: DNA, genebank, phylogeny, 531, 532, 534
- ChuaWo1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 550
- ClapsWoGo2001: distribution, host, 252
- Cocker1896b: distribution, 334
- Cocker1897i: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 21
- Comsto1881a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 303-304
- Comsto1883: taxonomy, 64
- DanzigPe1998: catalog, 304-305
- DarlinJo1984: biological control, distribution, host, 555
- DavidsMi1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 603-632
- DavidsRa1999: control, economic importance, 1
- DeSant1940: biological control, 29-44
- DeitzDa1986: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 58-59
- Dekle1965c: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 90
- Dekle1976: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 111
- DietzMo1916a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 308-310
- DooleySm2013: catalog, 12
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 116
- Ebelin1949: control, distribution, host, life history,
- EfromRoWo2019: distribution, host, 126
- Ehler1992: biological control, distribution, host, 26-40
- Ehler1995: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 779-795
- Ehler1995a: biological control, distribution, 83-91
- Ehler1996: biological control, distribution, host, 337-342
- Ehler1997: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 29-32
- Ehler2005: biological control, distribution, host, 739-749
- EvansPr1990: biological control, 3-17
- FDACSB1982: distribution, host, 5-11
- Felt1924: control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history,
- Fernal1903b: 291
- Ferris1937c: illustration, taxonomy, 51,83
- Ferris1941d: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 361
- Ferris1941e: taxonomy, 44
- Ferris1941e: taxonomy, 46
- Ferris1942: taxonomy, 446:36
- Ferris1943: taxonomy, 64
- Fleury1934a: distribution, 278-289
- GersonOcHo1990: biological control, 77-97
- Gill1997: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 195,198,200
- Gordh1979: biological control, 907,908,912
- GullanMiCo2005: structure, taxonomy, 165,182-189
- Hempel1918: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 206-208
- HendriWi1992: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 452-457
- Herric1911: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 11,32,67
- Hewitt1943: distribution, host, 266-274
- HodgesBr2004: ecology, host, life history, 611-622
- Hollin1923: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 30-31
- Hunter1899: distribution, host, taxonomy, 7
- Kawai1977: distribution, economic importance, host, 157
- Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 206-207
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 18
- Koszta1996: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 535-536
- Lawson1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 211-213
- Leonar1897: taxonomy, 286
- Leonar1899: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 199-200,205
- Lepage1938: catalog, taxonomy, 395
- LepageGi1943: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 337-339
- Lindin1911: taxonomy, 356
- Lindin1957: taxonomy, 550
- Lizery1917b: taxonomy, 243
- Lobdel1937: taxonomy, 78
- Lord1922: distribution, host, 1
- Lyle1947: control, distribution, host, 1-8
- Mackie1934: distribution, host, 396
- Mackie1934a: distribution, host, 268-269
- Mackie1936: distribution, host, 455
- Mackie1943: distribution, host, 1-10
- MazzeoPeMa2023: phylogeny, 7
- McClur1990a: distribution, ecology, host, taxonomy, 165-168
- McDani1970: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 418-420
- McKenz1939: taxonomy, 54
- McKenz1956: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 26,77
- Merril1953: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 38
- MerrilCh1923: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 225
- Miller1999: chemical control, 14
- MillerDa1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 303
- MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 281-283
- MillerDe2018: history, 7
- MullenScNo2016: DNA sequencing, genetics, phylogeny, 209
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 56
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, 26, S2, S6
- OsburnPi1963: chemical control, distribution, host, 1
- PayneMaKe1979: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-43
- Pierce1938: chemical control, 722-724
- PolaszAbHu1999: biological control, distribution, host, 131-163
- PotterJeGo1989: biological control, distribution, ecology, host, life history, 551-555
- RauppHoSa2001: chemical control, distribution, host, 203-214
- Robiso1990: anatomy, structure, 213-214
- RugmanAnMo2010: molecular data, phylogenetics, taxonomy, 30-38
- Ryan1946: distribution, host, 124-125
- Ryan1946: distribution, 125
- Sander1904a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 70,72
- SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 492
- SchneiFiNo2019: key, taxonomy, 93
- SchneiOkNo2018: phylogeny,
- Sikes1931: chemical control, 1-40
- Staffo1915: structure, taxonomy, 69
- Stimme1980a: control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 11-12
- StoetzDa1971: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 45-50
- StoetzDa1973: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 308-311
- StoetzDa1974: life history, taxonomy, 138-140
- TippinBe1970: distribution, host, 10
- WaltmaRaWi2016: distribution, 231
- Watson2001: list, 177
- WheeleHe1978: biological control, distribution, host, 607-614
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 225, 228
- Wilson1917: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 43
- Wolff2014: distribution, host, 3
- WolffEfDa2018: key, 6
- Woolle1990: biological control, 167-176
- Zahrad1990a: description, distribution, host, 653