Valid Names Results
Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834) (Coccidae: Sphaerolecanium)Nomenclatural History
- Coccus persicae rotundus Goeze 1778: 344. nomen dubium Notes: In WilliaBe2009, p.36
- Chermes amygdali Fourcroy 1785: 228. nomen dubium Notes: FavretOvWi2014, p. 69
- Coccus prunastri Boyer de Fonscolombe 1834: 211. Type data: FRANCE: Var, Saint-Zacharie, on prune tree.. Syntypes, female, accepted valid name Notes: Type material lost (Ben-Dov, 1993).
- Lecanium blanchardii Targioni Tozzetti 1868: 731. replacement name that is unjustified
- Lecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834); Signoret 1874a: 423. change of combination
- Lecanium (Eulecanium) prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834); Cockerell 1896b: 332. change of combination
- Eulecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834); Fernald 1903b: 193. change of combination
- Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834); Šulc 1908. change of combination
- Eulecanium piligerum Leonardi 1918: 195. Type data: ITALY: Altamura, on prune.. Syntypes, both sexes, by subsequent designation Type depository: Portici: Dipartimento de Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria di Portici, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Italy; junior synonym (discovered by Silves1920a, 503).
- Lecanium (Sphaerolecanium) prunastri; Šulc 1932: 78. subsequent use
- Spheralecanium prunastri; Tschorbadjiew 1939: 89. misspelling of genus name
- Sphaeroleconium prunastri; Yousefi, et al. 2018. misspelling of genus name
- Sphorelecanic prunastri; Saleh, et al. 2019. misspelling of genus name
- Shpaerolecanium prunastri; Japoshvili, et al. 2020: 63. misspelling of genus name
- Sphaerolecanium prunasti (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834); Szklarzewicz, et al. 2021: 1. misspelling of species epithet
Common Names
- globose scale KosztaKo1988F Stimme1984a
- plum Lecanium KosztaKo1988F
- Plum scale GavrilWa2022
- Blackthorn scale GavrilWa2022
- cocciniglia emisferica del susino GavrilWa2022
- escama blanda globosa del ciruelo GavrilWa2022
- Kleine runde Napfschildlaus GavrilWa2022
- lécanie du prunier GavrilWa2022
- slivovaya lozhnoschitovka GavrilWa2022
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 5 | Genera: 10
- Aizoaceae
- Carpobrotus edulis | KfirRo1980 | (= Mesembryanthemum edule)
- Moraceae
- Ficus carica | PellizPoSe2011
- Poaceae
- Elymus repens | KozarDr1993
- Rhamnaceae
- Rhamnus dahuricus | Bodenh1944b
- Rosaceae
- Armeniaca | TerGri1956
- Malus domestica | KozarKoAk1979 | (= Pyrus malus)
- Malus sylvestris | KozarKoAk1979
- Prunus | Hodgso1994a KotejaZa1983 KozarKoAk1979 KozarOs1987 Moghad2013a TerGri1956
- Prunus amygdalus | KozarPaPa1991 TerGri1956 | (= Amygdalus communis) (= Persica)
- Prunus armeniaca | DeveliMuKa2018 LinghuLuWa2023
- Prunus avium | Argyri1983
- Prunus cerasifera | Argyri1983 ArgyriPa1976 BenDov2012 Kozar1983a KozarKoAk1979 | including ssp. pissardii
- Prunus cocomilia | BenDov1971 | (= Prunus ursina)
- Prunus divaricata | BatsanKaKi2017 Hadzib1983
- Prunus domestica | GomezM1958 GomezM1958b GomezM1960O Kozar1980 KozarSu1979 Marott1987
- Prunus dulcis | Argyri1983 PellizPoSe2011
- Prunus persica | ArgyriPa1976 Kanda1950 Kozar1981 KozarDr1988 KozarKoAk1979 KozarOrKo1977 Marott1987 TerGri1962 UygunSeEr1998 | (= Persica vulgaris)
- Prunus salicina | BenDov1968
- Prunus scoparia | Moghad2013a
- Prunus spinosa | KotejaZa1966 KotejaZa1969 KotejaZa1983 Kozar1980 KozarDr1993 KozarTzVi1979 KozarWa1985 Marott1987 TerGri1962 ZakOgaKo1964
- Pyrus communis | KozarKoAk1979
- Rosaceae | ArgyriPa1976 TerGri1962
- Rubus | Moghad2013a
Foes:
Families: 8 | Genera: 20
- Microterys iranicus | FallahJa2017 | (= Agropyron repens)
- Aphelinidae
- Aphytis chrysomphali | YousefVaEb2018
- Coccophagus differens | Japosh2001
- Coccophagus lycimnia | DemiroKaJa2005 Japosh2001 JaposhAyKa2008 Potaev1992
- Coccophagus proximus | Japosh2001
- Coccophagus spartanus | JaposhAyKa2008
- Marietta picta | Japosh2001
- Pteroptrix maritima | DervisStMi2024
- Coccinellidae
- Chilocorus bipustulatus | Ulgent2001
- Coccinella septempunctata | DemiroKaJa2005
- Exochomus quadripustulatus | DemiroKaJa2005 Ulgent2001
- Harmonia axyridis | DervisDrGr2024
- Cybocephalidae
- Cybocephalus fodori minor | Ulgent2001
- Encyrtidae
- Blastothrix longipennis | Ulgent2001
- Blastothrix sericea | FallahJa2017
- Cerapterocerus mirabilis | DemiroKaJa2005 Japosh2001 JaposhAyKa2008 Potaev1992
- Cheiloneurus claviger | FallahJa2017
- Discodes aeneus | Balach1930e | (= Phaenodiscus aeneus)
- Discodes coccophagus | DemiroKaJa2005 Japosh2001 JaposhAyKa2008 Potaev1992
- Encyrtus aurantii | MifsudFsMa2012
- Encyrtus infidus | FallahJa2017
- Metaphycus insidiosus | DervisStMi2024
- Metaphycus melanostomatus | DervisStMi2024
- Metaphycus punctipes | FallahJa2017
- Metaphycus silvestrii | Japosh2001 JaposhAyKa2008
- Metaphycus zebratus | DervisStMi2024
- Microterys | Japosh2001 JaposhAyKa2008 Potaev1992
- Microterys cuprinus | FallahJa2017
- Microterys darevskii | YousefVaEb2018
- Microterys hortulanus | SalehBaAl2019
- Eulophidae
- Aprostocetus trjapitzini | JaposhAyKa2008 Ulgent2001
- Noctuidae
- Eublemma scitula | GaikwaKeKa2022
- Pteromalidae
- Pachyneuron muscarum | DemiroKaJa2005 Japosh2001 JaposhAyKa2008
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 38
- Armenia | TerGri1956 TerGri1962
- Austria | BenDov1993
- Azerbaijan
- Azerbaijan SSR | BenDov1993
- Balearic Islands
- Majorca | GomezM1958 GomezM1958b GomezM1960O
- Belgium | Malump2016
- Bulgaria | KozarTzVi1979 NachevGr1987 Tschor1939
- China | Tang1991
- Gansu (=Kansu) | GavrilWa2022
- Hebei (=Hopei) | GavrilWa2022
- Henan (=Honan) | GavrilWa2022
- Shanxi (=Shansi) | Tang1991
- Xinjiang Uygur (=Sinkiang) | LiangAiZh1999
- Crete | ArgyriPa1976 PellizPoSe2011
- Croatia | Masten2007
- Czech Republic | Kozar1987
- France | BenDov1993 FoldiGe2018
- Georgia (Republic of) | Japosh2001
- Germany | BenDov1993 SchmutHo2016
- Greece | Argyri1983 ArgyriPa1976 Kozar1985 Kozar1987 KozarPaPa1991
- Hungary | Kozar1980 Kozar1987 Kozar1991 KozarDr1988 KozarDr1993 KozarOrKo1977 KozarSu1979 KozarWa1986
- Iran | Bodenh1944b Kaussa1957 KozarFoZa1996 Moghad2009
- Israel | BenDov1968 BenDov1993 KfirRo1980
- Italy | Marott1987
- Kazakhstan | GavrilWa2022
- Kyrgyzstan (=Kirgizia) | GavrilWa2022
- Lebanon | GavrilWa2022
- Moldova | KozarOs1987
- Poland | KotejaZa1966 KotejaZa1969 KotejaZa1983 LagowsKo1996 ZakOgaKo1964
- Romania | Kozar1985 Savesc1982
- Russia
- Voronoezh Oblast | Gavril2003a
- Sardinia | Marott1987
- Serbia | GavrilWa2022
- Slovenia | Seljak2010
- South Korea | ESKSAE1994
- Spain | GomezM1960O
- Switzerland | KozarGuBa1994
- Syria | SalehBaAl2019
- Turkey | DemiroKaJa2005 KaydanUlEr2007 Kozar1987 KozarKoAk1979 KozarYaKo1982 UygunSeEr1998
- Turkmenistan | Potaev1992 Potaev1993
- Ukraine | BenDov1993
- Krym (=Crimea) Oblast | Kaweck1968
- Odessa Oblast | Kaweck1968
- United States
- Maryland | Hodgso1994a Koszta1996
- New Jersey | Koszta1996
- New York | Koszta1996
- Pennsylvania | Koszta1996 Stimme1984a
- Uzbekistan | BenDov1993
- Yugoslavia | Kozar1983a
Keys
- DuroviSpUl2024: pp.490-491 ( Adult (F) First instar Second instar (F) Second instar (M) ) [Eulecaniinae in Ankara]
- DuroviUl2021: pp.992 ( Life Stages ) [Instars and Adults of Plum Lecaniium]
- Hodgso2020: pp.221-223 ( Adult (M) ) [Coccidae species]
- Koszta1996: pp.324 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastren North America]
Remarks
- Systematics: The describer of this species was incorrectly cited in most pre-2000 publications as "Fonscolombe". The correct name is "Boyer de Fonscolombe".
Chermes amygdali Fourcroy 1758:228 was given as a junior synonym of S. prunastri Boyer do Fonscolombe 1834 in Favret, Ouvrard & Williams, 2014. This is considered a "subjective status."
- Structure: See colour photograph in Kosztarab & Kozar (1988). Mature adult female hemispherical, dark brown to almost black, shiny and very finely punctate, 3.0–3.5 mm long, 2.7–3.2 mm wide. Antennae each 6–8-segmented. Anal cleft shallow, around 1/5–1/6 of body length. Anal plates together quadrate. Legs short in comparison with body size. slide-mounted adult female. Adult female with preopercular pores abundant in a broad band anterior to anal plates, each pore large, round and densely sclerotized; this band of preopercular pores, intermixed with long fine setae, is unique to S. prunastri. (Gavrilov & Watson, 2022)
- Biology: Life history and geographical distribution by Kawecki (1968). Develops one annual generation in Europe (Kawecki, 1968; Kosztarab & Kozar, 1988), Italy (Silvestri 1919a, 1920a), Greece (Argyriou & Paloukis, 1976; Paloukis, 1979)) Israel (Ben-Dov, 1968).
- Economic Importance: Natural enemies in Europe by Silvestri (1919a, 1920a), Kosztarab & Kozar (1988), Israel (Ben-Dov (1968). Sphaerolecanium prunastriis an important stone fruit pest n Greece, Hungary, Italy, Israel, Armenia and several other countries in Central and Eastern Europe. It is an important pest of stone fruits, especially plum and peach, and can completely encrust branches, causing stunting, branch desiccation and occasionally plant death. (Gavrilov-Zimin & Watson, 2022)
- General Remarks: Good description and illustration of adult female by Kosztarab & Kozar (1988), Tang (1991), Hodgson (1994a), and by Kosztarab (1996). Good description and illustration of adult male by Giliomee (1967). Good description and illustration of first instar nymph and third instar nymph by Ben-Dov (1968). Detailed descriptions and illustrations of all instar nymphs in Durović and Ülgentürk, 2022
Illustrations
Citations
- Argyri1983: distribution, host, 365
- ArgyriPa1976: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 230-239
- AyazUlOz2015: distribution,
- Babaia1987: distribution, economic importance, host, 134
- Balach1930e: biological control, distribution, host, 220
- BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 256
- BenDov1968: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 615-621
- BenDov1971: distribution, host, 31
- BenDov1993: catalog, 322-323
- BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 28, 43
- Bodenh1944b: distribution, host, 89
- Bodenh1953a: distribution, host, 104
- Bolu2012: biological control, 110, 111
- Borchs1950b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 148
- Borchs1957: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 323-330
- Boyerd1834: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 211
- Buchne1965: structure, taxonomy, 235
- BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 297
- CamachCh2015: distribution, host, 9, 13
- CebeciSe2004: distribution, host, 217
- CiftciBo2021: distribution, host, 238
- Cocker1896b: distribution, host, 332
- Cocker1901c: taxonomy, 92
- Danzig1972: distribution, host, 206
- DavoodTaRa2004a: biological control, 887-899
- DemiroKaJa2005: biological control, distribution, host, 223-230
- DervisDrGr2024: biological control, natural enemies, 255-256
- DervisStGr2021: natural enemies, 2
- DervisStMi2024: natural enemies, 3,19,20,21,22,23,24,25
- DervisStMi2024: diagnosis, key,
- DeveliMuKa2018: distribution, host, taxonomy, 9
- DuroviUl2021: description, illustration, key, nymph,
- Dziedz1988: distribution, host, 96
- ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 112
- FallahJa2017: distribution, natural enemies, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 21, 22, 33
- FavretOuWi2014: taxonomy, 69
- Fernal1903b: catalog, 193
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 9
- Fourcr1785: taxonomy, 69
- GaikwaKeKa2022: natural enemies, 4
- Gavril2003a: distribution, host, 113
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 231
- GavrilWa2022: control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 338-340
- Giliom1967: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 74-77
- GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
- Goeze1778: taxonomy, 344
- GomezM1958: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 27-34
- GomezM1958b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 92-101
- GomezM1960O: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 190-196
- Gupta1988: biological control,
- Hadzib1983: biological control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 131-132
- Hodgso1994a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 547-549
- Hodgso2020: key, 222
- Japosh2001: distribution, host, 2001
- JaposhAyKa2008: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 339-344
- JaposhBaKi2020: distribution, host, 63
- JohnsoLy1988: distribution, economic importance, host,
- Kanda1950: distribution, host, 35
- Kaussa1957: distribution, host, 2
- Kaweck1936: distribution, host, 323
- Kaweck1957: distribution, host, 194-195
- Kaweck1968: distribution, host, life history, 689-693
- KaydanKo2010: distribution, host, 216-219
- KaydanUlEr2007: catalog, distribution, host, 93
- KfirRo1980: biological control, distribution, host, 118-119
- Kiritc1928: distribution, host, 113
- Kiritc1931: distribution, host, 317-318
- Kiritc1932a: taxonomy, 267
- Kiritc1936: distribution, host, 71
- Kiritc1940: distribution, host, life history, 119
- Kohler2009a: distribution, host, 25
- KohlerEi2005: distribution, host, 164
- KohlerEi2006: distribution, host, 15
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 13
- Koszta1996: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 388-390
- KosztaKo1978: distribution, host, taxonomy, 128
- KosztaKo1988F: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 254-256
- Koteja1974a: structure, taxonomy, 249
- Koteja1974b: structure, taxonomy, 79
- Koteja2000a: distribution, host, 172
- KotejaPyVo2003: structure, taxonomy, 253
- KotejaZa1966: distribution, host, 326
- KotejaZa1969: distribution, host, 367
- KotejaZa1983: distribution, host, 480
- Kozar1970: distribution, host, 1-24
- Kozar1976a: distribution, economic importance, host, 35-47
- Kozar1979a: distribution, economic importance, host, 135
- Kozar1980: distribution, host, 68
- Kozar1983a: distribution, host, 147
- Kozar1985: distribution, host, 203
- Kozar1987: distribution, host, 100
- Kozar1989: distribution, economic importance, host, 176-177
- Kozar1991: distribution, host, 82
- Kozar1995: distribution, economic importance, host, 317
- Kozar1999a: distribution, host, 140
- KozarDr1988: distribution, host, 208
- KozarDr1993: distribution, host, 75
- KozarFoZa1996: distribution, host, 65
- KozarGuBa1994: distribution, host, 155
- KozarKiSa2004: distribution, 59
- KozarKoAk1979: distribution, economic importance, host, 535-542
- KozarKoFe2013: distribution, taxonomy, 53
- KozarOrKo1977: distribution, host, 73
- KozarOs1987: distribution, host, 93
- KozarPaPa1991: distribution, host, 65
- KozarSu1979: distribution, host, 236
- KozarSzFe2013: distribution, list of species, 83, 96, 112, 131, 148, 168, 187
- KozarTzVi1979: distribution, host, 131
- KozarVi1978: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 391-402
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 79
- KozarWa1986: distribution, host, 116
- KozarYaKo1982: biological control, distribution, host, 383-388
- Kozarz1992: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 83-86
- Lagows1986a: distribution, host, 175
- Lagows1987a: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 131-144
- Lagows1998a: distribution, host, 63-71
- LagowsGo2020: distribution, 68
- LagowsKo1996: distribution, host, 32
- Leonar1918: distribution, host, taxonomy, 194-197
- Leonar1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 502-512
- LinghuLuWa2023: host,
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 124
- MakoKiSo1988: chemical control, distribution, host, 162-165
- Malump2016: distribution, host, 245-251
- Marott1987: distribution, host, life history, 111
- Martin1984MP: distribution, host, 77
- Masten2007: distribution, host, taxonomy, 1-242
- Matvie1983: chemical control, distribution, host, 25
- Melis1930: distribution, host, 15
- MifsudFsMa2012: natural enemies, 17
- MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, 518
- MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, 518
- MillerWi1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 352-353
- Moghad2009: distribution, host, 12
- Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 14
- Moglan1995a: biological control, distribution, host, 143-156
- NachevGr1987: distribution, host, 81-86
- OzturkUlEr2004: distribution, host, 5
- PalandOg1989: economic importance, life history, structure, 781-783
- Palouk1979: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 105-111
- PaloukNa1996a: control, life history, 719
- Paoli1915: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 250-251
- Peleka1962: distribution, host, 61
- Pelliz2011: distribution, 311
- PellizChMi2015: distribution, 60,69
- PellizPoSe2011: distribution, 292
- PellizPoSe2011: distribution, host, 294,297
- PettitMc1920: distribution, host, 16
- Podsia1981: biological control, 153-158
- Podsia1983a: biological control, distribution, host, 273
- Potaev1992: biological control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 92-94
- Potaev1993: distribution, host, 35,38
- Rehace1960: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 47-48
- RzaevaYa1985: biological control, distribution, host, 55-58
- SalehBaAl2019: natural enemies,
- Sander1909: distribution, host, 446
- Savesc1961: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 43-44
- Savesc1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 279-282
- Schmut1952: distribution, host, life history, 552-553
- Schmut1972a: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 418
- Schmut1980: distribution, host, 50
- SchmutHo2016: distribution, host, 47, 87
- Seljak2010: distribution, host, 106
- Signor1869: catalog, taxonomy, 845,867
- Signor1873a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 423-424
- Silves1919a: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 70-126
- Silves1920a: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 501-514
- Simon2012: description, host, illustration, physiology, taxonomy, 269-281
- SimonKa2011: distribution, 239
- Soroki1973: biological control, 599-609
- Stalaz2021: distribution, host, 453, 461
- Stimme1984a: control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 15-16
- Suh2020: distribution, host, 17
- Sulc1908: distribution, 36
- Sulc1912: distribution, host, 34
- Sulc1932: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 78-82
- SzklarMiGr2021: endosymbiont,
- Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 142-144
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 66
- Teodor2018: distribution, history, 41
- TerGri1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 39-40
- TerGri1962: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 135-136
- Terezn1963: distribution, host, 183
- Terezn1963a: distribution, host, 52
- Terezn1963b: distribution, host, 154
- Terezn1966: distribution, host, 29-30
- Terezn1981: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 192-195
- TranfaVi1987a: distribution, economic importance, host, 215-221
- Trembl1988a: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 244-245
- TrenchTo2014: distribution, 69
- TrenchTo2014: distribution, 69
- Tschor1939: distribution, host, 89
- Ulgent2001: biological control, distribution, host, 369-375
- Ulgent2001a: biological control, distribution, host, 145-149
- UlgentCa2004: distribution, host, 79-84
- UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S118
- UlgentTo2001: distribution, host, 213-217
- UygunSeEr1998: distribution, host, 183-191
- Walker1852: distribution, host, taxonomy, 1084
- Willia2015: taxonomy, 578, 581
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 213
- WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 36,38
- Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 170,171,180,191
- YigitTu2020: distribution, economic importance, host,
- YousefVaEb2018: natural enemies,
- YuliZhWe2021: control, diagnosis,
- Zaitse1984: control, distribution, economic importance, host, 54-55
- ZakOgaKo1964: distribution, host, 428-429
- ZhangWaDe2024: biological control, natural enemies,
