Valid Names Results
Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell, 1899 (Phoenicococcidae: Phoenicococcus)Nomenclatural History
- Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell 1899j: 262. Type data: ALGERIA: on Phoenix sp., 08/07/1890, by C.L. Marlatt. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
- Sphaerococcus draperi Newstead 1906: 70. Type data: EGYPT: Delta Barrage, on "date palm". Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1942, SIV-444).
- Sphaerococcus marlatti (Cockerell, 1899); Newstead 1911: 104. change of combination
- Phaenococcus marlatti; Wardle 1929: 291. misspelling of genus name
- Kermicoides minimus Tang 1977: 24-25. Type depository: Shanxi: Entomological Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China; junior synonym (discovered by Tang1992, 669-670). Notes: Tang (1992) states that this species has been identified as belonging in the Phoenicococcidae. Illustr.
- Phoenicoccus marlatti; Suma, et al. 2015. misspelling of genus name
Common Names
- Marlatt scale Bottel1929
- Marlatti scale Bottel1924
- red date palm scale KozarDr1998k
- red date scale Blicke1965 SticknBaSi1950
- date palm scale Newste1907a
- escama roja del dátil Watson2022a
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 3 | Genera: 7
- Arecaceae
- Calamus | SticknBaSi1950
- Daemonorops | SticknBaSi1950
- Phoenix | SticknBaSi1950
- Phoenix canariensis | Porcel1992 SticknBaSi1950
- Phoenix dactylifera | Balach1938a BenDov2012 Houard1922 UlgentErYa2022
- Phoenix reclinata | SticknBaSi1950
- Phoenix roebelenii | Sinaco1995a
- Syagrus | Watson2022a | (= Arecastrum)
- Washingtonia filifera | AbouEl2001
- Myrtaceae
- Eucalyptus | KozarDr1998k
- Pandanaceae
- Pandanus | SticknBaSi1950 SticknBaSi1950
Foes:
Families: 4 | Genera: 6
- Coccinellidae
- Chilocorus | Bouhel1935
- Pharoscymnus anchorago | Balach1925a
- Rhyzobius lophanthae | PellizPo2014
- Cybocephalidae
- Cybocephalus californicus | SticknBaSi1950
- Eupodidae
- Eupodidae | SticknBaSi1950
- Laemophloeidae
- Laemophloeus | SticknBaSi1950
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 18
- Algeria | Buxton1920
- Brazil
- Sao Paulo | Lepage1938
- China
- Henan (=Honan) | Hua2000
- Shaanxi (=Shensi) | Tang1984b
- Shanghai | Tao1999
- Shanxi (=Shansi) | Tao1999
- Egypt | AbouEl2001 Buxton1920
- France | Balach1930a Germai2011
- Iran | KozarFoZa1996 Seghat1977
- Iraq | Dowson1935
- Israel | KozarDr1998k
- Italy | LongoMaPe1995 Porcel1992
- Sicily | LongoMaPe1995
- Japan | KozarDr1998k
- Libya | Martin1958 MohammMoMo1997
- Madeira Islands | Balach1938a FrancoRuMa2011
- Morocco | Bouhel1935
- Russia | KozarDr1998k
- Saudi Arabia | Matile1984c
- Spain | GomeziFeCa1999
- Tunisia | Morris1921a
- United States
- Arizona | Bartle1929 Ferris1942
- California | Ferris1942 SticknBaSi1950
- Texas | Ferris1942 SticknBaSi1950
Keys
- Borchs1973: pp.261 ( Adult (F) ) [Pests of date palms]
Remarks
- Systematics: The small family< Phoenicococcidae, includes just the single species, Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell which feeds on date palms. Its relationships are uncertain but it is currently generally accepted that it is either close to the Diaspididae, as found by Vea and Grimaldi (2016), or actually a member of this family. (Hodgson, 2020)
- Structure: In the first stage of both sexes and the adult male stage eyes and antennae are well developed and legs are present. Wax forms in curly shining white strands that make a fluffy cottony mass about the body, being densest in the second stage male, but abundant enough in all stages to cover the body completely. Eggs are oval, smooth and pinkish with a pearly luster (Stickney et al., 1950). Adult female rounded, slightly pear-shaped, light pink to dark red in color. Male very small and wingless (Avidov & Harpaz, 1969). Slide-mounted adult female can be separated from other Coccomorpha by the following combination of features: adult female without legs; cuticle near margins covered in many papillae; soft and colourless initially, later turning stiff and brownish due to sclerotization; pygidium absent. (Watson, 2022a)
- Biology: The female of this species develops through three stages and the male through five (Stickney et al., 1950). Part of the eggs of this species hatch within the mother and the other part hatch after being laid in the normal manner. In the United States, this species has four generations per year (Avidov & Harpaz, 1969).
- Economic Importance: This species originated in the Middle East and North Africa and has been transported on infested date palms. It is regarded as a serious pest of date palms. Although several chemical treatments for the control of the scale have been tried, none of them are recommended. Good results were obtained exposing roots of the host to moist heat and hot water (Stickney et al., 1950).
- General Remarks: Detailed description of physical characters, life history and economic importance by Stickney et al. (1950). Photograph in Watson, 2022a.
Illustrations
Citations
- AAEE1930: taxonomy, 639
- AAEE1931: taxonomy, 1287, 1306
- AAEE1937: taxonomy, 539, 556
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 40
- AbouEl2001: distribution, host, 187
- Avidov1961: taxonomy, 152, 510, 528
- AvidovHa1969: description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 191-192
- Balach1925a: biological control, distribution, 170
- Balach1927: distribution, host, 188
- Balach1928d: biological control, distribution, host, 290
- Balach1930a: distribution, host, 184
- Balach1938a: distribution, host, 146
- Balach1946: taxonomy, 216
- Balach1954e: taxonomy, 13
- Balach1958a: distribution, host, 45, 48
- BalachMe1935: distribution, host, illustration, 610-612
- Bartle1929: distribution, 20
- BazaroSh1971: description, distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 39-40
- Beccar1959: distribution, host, 76
- BenDov1985: illustration, 169
- BenDov1990c: illustration, taxonomy, 100
- BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 34, 44
- Blicke1965: taxonomy, 298, 313
- Bodenh1929: distribution, 34
- Bodenh1929b: distribution, host, 104, 114
- Bodenh1930a: taxonomy, 276
- Bodenh1935: distribution, host, 251, 270
- Bodenh1935c: distribution, 1155
- Bodenh1937: taxonomy, 7, 26, 220
- Bodenh1943: distribution, host, 26, 29
- Bodenh1944a: distribution, 83
- Bodenh1944b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 86, 87, 99
- BodenhTh1929: distribution, host, 34, 114-115, 117
- Borchs1937: host, taxonomy, 189, 255
- Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 26
- Borchs1973: taxonomy, 261
- Borden1921: biological control, chemical control, description, distribution, economic importance, illustration, life history, 659-667
- Bottel1924: distribution, economic importance, 15
- Bottel1929: economic importance, life history, 247
- Bouhel1935: biological control, distribution, 20
- Boyden1941: distribution, economic importance, 4, 5
- Brown1965: taxonomy, 189, 199, 200
- BrownMc1962: chemistry, description, taxonomy, 161-162, 163
- BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 306
- Buxton1920: chemical control, description, distribution, 297, 298-299
- CCNI1989: taxonomy, 158
- CarpenEl1978: distribution, host, life history, 5
- Cocker1899j: description, distribution, host, 262-263
- Cocker1899m: taxonomy, 277
- Cocker1902y: distribution, host, 107
- Cocker1907: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, 191-192
- Cook1914: distribution, host, illustration, 440-441
- CulturPaDa1932: distribution, host, 159
- Danzig1993: distribution, taxonomy, 74
- DelassBaBr1927: description, distribution, host, 183-184
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 118
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 118
- Dowson1921: chemical control, distribution, 65
- Dowson1935: distribution, host, 225
- Draper1907: distribution, host, taxonomy, 12
- Ehrhor1913: taxonomy, 123
- ElShaf2012: host, 518
- ElmerCaCl1968: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 81
- Essig1915a: chemical control, description, host, illustration, life history, 123
- Essig1926: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 276-277
- Essig1931: chemical control, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 126-127, 533, 534, 573
- EssigHo1934: description, distribution, 50
- EssigHo1944: distribution, host, 64
- Ezzat1958: distribution, taxonomy, 250
- Fauvel1928: distribution, host, 117
- Fernal1903b: distribution, host, 88
- Ferris1942: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, SIV-443, SIV-444
- Fleury1933: distribution, host, 527-528
- FoexVa1919: taxonomy, 338
- Foldi1995: taxonomy, 266, 285, 286, 287
- Foldi2001: economic importance, 307
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 11
- Forbes1907: chemical control, economic importance, host, 193-207
- Forbes1913: chemical control, distribution, host, 415-416
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 18,25
- Fraser1924: chemical control, host, 707
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 233
- Gazala1931: host, 51
- George1934: taxonomy, 245, 283
- Germai2008: distribution, 77-87
- Germai2011: distribution, economic importance, 31-34
- Germai2011a: distribution, economic importance, 8
- Glick1922: distribution, host, 59
- GomeziFeCa1999: distribution, economic importance, host, 288
- Green1923a: distribution, host, 469
- Hartma1916: distribution, host, 95
- Hodgso2020: morphology, 18
- Hodgso2020: illustration, taxonomy, 141-142
- Houard1922: distribution, 51
- HowellWi1976: distribution, host, illustration, 186, 188
- Hua2000: distribution, host, 140
- Kaussa1949: distribution, 4
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 22
- KozarDr1998k: distribution, host, taxonomy, 451
- KozarFoZa1996: distribution, 66
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 81
- KreiteAuGe2006: distribution, economic importance, host, 143
- Lashin1956: distribution, host, taxonomy, 124
- Lepage1938: catalog, distribution, host, 433
- LepineMi1931: distribution, host, 254
- Lindin1908: taxonomy, 89
- Lindin1912b: taxonomy, 374, 376
- Lindin1935: taxonomy, 146
- Lindin1937: taxonomy, 193
- Lindin1958: taxonomy, 371
- Lizery1943: distribution, taxonomy, 456-457
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 125
- MacGil1921: distribution, host, 211
- Mackie1920: chemical control, 432
- Mackie1934a: chemical control, host, 9
- Maranh1946: taxonomy, 165
- Marlat1928: distribution, host, 153
- Martin1958: distribution, host, taxonomy, 121-122
- Mason1908: distribution, host, 175
- Matile1984c: distribution, host, 223
- MazzeoLoPe2014: distribution, 58
- McDani1974: distribution, host, taxonomy, 423, 424
- McKenz1956: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 166, 167
- MillerGuWi1998: taxonomy, 290
- Moghad2004: distribution, host, 1
- Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 62
- MoghadTa2010: distribution, 40
- MohammMoMo1997: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 190, 193, 206-209, 231, 232
- Morril1913: distribution, host, taxonomy, 186, 192
- Morris1921a: description, distribution, host, 669-676
- MorrisMo1966: taxonomy, 154
- Moulto1931: chemical control, 758
- MullenScNo2016: DNA sequencing, genetics, phylogeny, 209
- Newste1906: description, host, 70
- Newste1907a: chemical control, description, distribution, host, 12
- Newste1911: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 104
- Nishid2002: catalog, 144
- Nixon1945: distribution, economic importance, host, 38
- ODell1931a: taxonomy, 34
- PellizChMi2015: distribution, 67
- PellizGe2010a: distribution, host, 505
- PellizPo2014: distribution, 2
- Pierce1917: economic importance, 162
- Popeno1912: biological control, distribution, host, 871
- Popeno1913: chemical control, description, distribution, life history, 151-153
- Popeno1923: distribution, host, 205
- Porcel1992: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 32-33
- Quayle1938a: description, distribution, host, illustration, 428-429
- RLER1935: economic importance, host, 61
- Ramach1921: taxonomy, 168
- Ramach1922: description, distribution, host, 10-11
- Rungs1948: distribution, host, 115
- Sassce1914: distribution, host, 243
- Schmid1940: taxonomy, 213, 230
- Seghat1977: distribution, host, 5
- Silves1939: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 707-708
- Sinaco1995a: description, distribution, host, illustration, 55-61
- Skinne1925: distribution, host, illustration, 50, 53
- Skinne1926: distribution, host, 23
- Stickn1924: biology, distribution, host, 16
- Stickn1934: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 37-49
- SticknBaSi1950: biological control, chemical control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 8-15
- Strong1922: distribution, host, 779
- SumaMaLa2015: distribution, host, 218
- Tang1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, 24-25
- Tang1984b: distribution, host, 128
- Tang1992: taxonomy, 669-670
- Tao1999: distribution, host, 47
- Tippin1971a: chemical control, 180
- Trabut1910: host, illustration, 68
- Trabut1911: distribution, host, illustration, 54
- UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S122
- Vayssi1940: taxonomy, 33
- VeaGr2016: evolution, 4
- Wardle1929: host, 291
- Watson2022a: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 411-412
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 245
- Wilsie1913: distribution, economic importance, 538
- Yang1982: description, illustration, 118-119
