Valid Names Results
Coccus viridis (Green, 1889) (Coccidae: Coccus)Nomenclatural History
- Lecanium viride Green 1889: 248. Type data: SRI LANKA: Pundaluoya, on coffee.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,96). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name
- Coccus viridis (Green, 1889); Fernald 1903b: 174. change of combination
- Lecanium (Trechocorys) hesperidum africanum Newstead 1906a: 74. nomen nudum
- Lecanium (Coccus) viride Green, 1889; Green 1937: 299. change of combination
- Coccus viridis bisexualis Köhler 1978: 564. nomen nudum
- Coccus viridis viridis Köhler 1978: 564. nomen nudum
Common Names
- escama verde QuezadCoDi1972
- green coffee scale BenDov1993
- green scale BenDov1993 GillNaWi1977 HamonWi1984
- lapa-verde CarvalAg1997
- Cochenille verte du caféier KondoWaGa2022
- cochinilla verde del café KondoWaGa2022
- cochonilha-verde KondoWaGa2022
- groene dopluis KondoWaGa2022
- Grüne Kaffeeschildlaus KondoWaGa2022
- midori-kata-kaigaramushi KondoWaGa2022
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 66 | Genera: 167
- Acanthaceae
- Justicia spicigera | Ballou1926 | (= Jacobinia mohintli)
- Odontonema | WilliaWa1990
- Sanchezia nobilis | Ballou1926 Nakaha1981a
- Amaranthaceae
- Gomphrena globosa | Nakaha1981a VanHarCoWi1990 | (= Gomphrena globata)
- Anacardiaceae
- Anacardium occidentale | LagowsGoHo2022
- Campnosperma brevipetiolatum | WilliaWa1990
- Mangifera indica | Balach1957c WilliaWa1990
- Schinus | HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a
- Schinus molle | VieiraCaPi1983
- Schinus terebinthifolia | GillNaWi1977 Nakaha1981a | (= Schinus terebinthifolius)
- Annonaceae
- Annona | HodgsoHi1990
- Annona squamosa | MilleHeCa2016
- Apiaceae
- Apium graveolens | Nakaha1981a | (= Apium graveolans)
- Apocynaceae
- Alstonia macrophylla | Nakaha1981a
- Alstonia scholaris | MalumpTr2012
- Alyxia | Nakaha1981a
- Carissa | Ali1971 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Carissa carandas | Ali1971 Mamet1943a TaoWoCh1983
- Carissa macrocarpa | Ballou1926 Nakaha1981a | (= Carissa grandiflora)
- Carissa spinarum | Varshn1992 | (= Carissa opaca)
- Cascabela thevetia | Ballou1926 | (= Thevetia nereifolia, Thevetia neriifolia)
- Cryptostegia grandiflora | Nakaha1981a
- Nerium | HodgsoHi1990
- Nerium oleander | Mamet1943a WilliaWa1990
- Ochrosia nakaiana | KawaiMaUm1971
- Plumeria | Ali1971 Green1904d HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983
- Plumeria obtusa | Nakaha1981a
- Plumeria rubra | Ali1971 Ballou1926 DeLott1960 MalumpTr2012 Mamet1943a Nakaha1981a Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 VieiraCaPi1983 Varshn1992 | (= Plumeria acuminata, Plumeria acutifolia, Plumeria tricolor),(= Plumeria acutifolia)
- Rauvolfia vomitoria | DeLott1960 | (= Rauwolfia vomitoria)
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex | WilliaWa1990
- Ilex chinensis | TaoWoCh1983
- Araceae
- Caladium | Nakaha1981a
- Zamioculcas | Suh2023
- Araliaceae
- Aralia | Mamet1943a
- Meryta macrophylla | WilliaWa1990
- Polyscias | Nakaha1981a
- Polyscias guilfoylei | Ballou1926 Nakaha1981a | (= Aralia guilfoylei)
- Schefflera | HodgsoHi1990
- Arecaceae
- Areca catechu | Nakaha1981a
- Cocos | DeLott1960
- Cocos nucifera | DeLott1960
- Dypsis | Suh2023
- Manicaria saccifera | MalumpTr2012
- Asparagaceae
- Cordyline fruticosa | Nakaha1981a | (= Cordyline terminalis)
- Dracaena | MalumpTr2012 Nakaha1981a
- Asteraceae
- Arctotis | Nakaha1981a
- Fitchia | Nakaha1981a
- Gerbera | Nakaha1981a
- Gerbera jamesonii | Ballou1926 VieiraCaPi1983
- Pluchea indica | Nakaha1981a
- Senecio | WilliaWa1990
- Bignoniaceae
- Tecomaria capensis | Ballou1926 Nakaha1981a | (= Tecoma capensis)
- Boraginaceae
- Cordia | VieiraCaPi1983
- Cordia alba | Ballou1926
- Cordia alliodora | WilliaWa1990
- Cordia laevigata | Ballou1926 | (= Cordia nitida)
- Cordia myxa | Mamet1943a
- Ehretia tinifolia | Ballou1926
- Bromeliaceae
- Ananas comosus | WilliaWa1990
- Calophyllaceae
- Mammea americana | Nakaha1983
- Caricaceae
- Carica papaya | PadillMaNa2016
- Celastraceae
- Maytenus | VieiraCaPi1983
- Schaefferia frutescens | MestreHoHa2015
- Clusiaceae
- Clusia | JansenAl2023
- Garcinia mangostana | MalumpTr2012
- Combretaceae
- Laguncularia racemosa | LincanHoCa2010
- Terminalia catappa | Mamet1959a
- Commelinaceae
- Commelina | WilliaWa1990
- Crassulaceae
- Kalanchoe | Nakaha1981a | (= Bryophyllum)
- Kalanchoe pinnata | Nakaha1981a | (= Bryophyllum pinnatum)
- Cucurbitaceae
- Cucurbita pepo | WilliaWa1990
- Dioscoreaceae
- Dioscorea | WilliaWa1990
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros digyna | PadillMaNa2016
- Euphorbiaceae
- Codiaeum | Nakaha1981a
- Croton | DeLott1960
- Jatropha | Suh2023
- Manihot | Ali1971 Green1904d
- Manihot esculenta | Varshn1992 | (= Manihot utilissima)
- Fabaceae
- Cassia | GillNaWi1977
- Gliricidia | WilliaWa1990
- Inocarpus fagifer | WilliaWa1990
- Tipuana | Nakaha1981a
- Goodeniaceae
- Scaevola taccada | WilliaWa1990
- Heptapleurum
- Heptapleurum | Suh2023
- Hydrangeaceae
- Hydrangea | WilliaWa1990
- Hypocreales
- Lecanicillium | FernanPiSe2008 Naraya1985 | (= Verticilium lecanii)
- Hypocrella
- Hypocrella | Kalsho1981
- Lamiaceae
- Callicarpa longifolia | Varshn1992 | (= Callicarpa innata)
- Callicarpa tomentosa | Ali1971 Green1904d | (= Callicarpa lanata)
- Clerodendrum | Ballou1926 HodgsoHi1990 WilliaWa1990 | (= Clerodendron)
- Lauraceae
- Persea americana | WilliaWa1990
- Lecythidaceae
- Barringtonia asiatica | Mamet1959a | (= Barringtonia speciosa)
- Loganiaceae
- Strychnos nux-vomica | Ali1971
- Loranthaceae
- Loranthus | Ali1971 Green1904d
- Lythraceae
- Lagerstroemia indica | Ballou1926
- Punica granatum | LagowsGoHo2022
- Malpighiaceae
- Hiptage benghalensis | Ali1971 Green1904d | (= Hiptage benghalensis)
- Malvaceae
- Durio zibethinus | RahimOh2019
- Heritiera littoralis | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Hibiscus | Balach1957c
- Microcos paniculata | Varshn1992
- Theobroma cacao | MalumpTr2012 Nakaha1981a
- Melastomataceae
- Melastomataceae | WilliaWa1990
- Miconia robinsoniana | LincanHoCa2010
- Meliaceae
- Melia azedarach | CorseuBa1971
- Moraceae
- Ficus elastica | WilliaWa1990
- Musaceae
- Musa | LincanHoCa2010
- Myristicaceae
- Myristica | WilliaWa1990
- Myrtaceae
- Eucalyptus | GillNaWi1977
- Eugenia | CouturQuGo1997 Nakaha1981a
- Eugenia uniflora | Nakaha1981a
- Melaleuca | WilliaWa1990
- Myrciaria dubia | WolffKoPe2016
- Myrtella | WilliaWa1990
- Psidium cattleyanum | Willia1985b | (= Psidium littorale)
- Psidium friedrichsthalianum | Ballou1926
- Psidium guajava | Ali1971 Ballou1926 DeLott1978 Green1904d MalumpTr2012 Mamet1943a Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 VieiraCaPi1983 | (= Psidium guafava, Psidium pyriferum)
- Syzygium aqueum | Ballou1926
- Syzygium aromaticum | Mamet1943a | (= Eugenia caryophyllata)
- Syzygium malaccense | Ballou1926 | (= Eugenia malaccensis)
- Nyctaginaceae
- Ceodes umbellifera | KawaiMaUm1971
- Oleaceae
- Jasminum | MalumpTr2012
- Orchidaceae
- Broughtonia | GillNaWi1977
- Cymbidium | Suh2023
- Eulophia | Mamet1951 | (= Lissochilus)
- Mormolyca polyphylla | MalumpTr2012
- Prosthechea cochleata | MestreHaEv2011
- Pandanaceae
- Pandanus | WilliaWa1990
- Phyllanthaceae
- Antidesma bunius | Ali1971 Green1904d
- Pittosporaceae
- Pittosporum | HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a
- Pittosporum tobira | Ballou1926 Nakaha1981a
- Podocarpaceae
- Podocarpus | HodgsoHi1990
- Polygonaceae
- Coccoloba uvifera | Ballou1926 Nakaha1981a
- Fallopia convolvulus | Ballou1926 | (= Polygonum convolvulus)
- Homalocladium | HodgsoHi1990
- Homalocladium platycladum | Mamet1943a | (= Muehlenbeckia platyclada)
- Primulaceae
- Ardisia crispa | Nakaha1981a
- Maesa indica | Ali1971 Green1904d | (= Moesa indica)
- Rosaceae
- Eriobotrya japonica | PadillMaNa2016
- Prunus salicina | PadillMaNa2016
- Rosa indica | Ali1971 Green1904d
- Rubiaceae
- Bobea brevipes | Nakaha1981a | (= Bobea mauaii, Bobea mannii)
- Breonia chinensis | WilliaWa1990
- Casasia nigrescens | Ballou1926 | (= Randia nigrescens)
- Chiococca alba | Ballou1926 | (= Chioccoca racemosa, Chiococca racemosa)
- Cinchona | Green1889 Green1896
- Cinchona calisaya | Green1889
- Cinchona pubescens | Ali1971 Green1904d | (= Cinchona succirubra)
- Coffea | AbrahaMa1958 Ali1971 AvasthSh1991 Cocker1897s DeLott1957c DeLott1960 DeLott1978 Green1889 Green1896 Green1916a Green1930c Green1937 Hall1924a Iherin1897 Mamet1943a Mamet1954 Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Coffea arabica | Ali1971 Balach1957c Ballou1926 DanzigKo1990 DeLott1960 Mamet1959a Nakaha1981a
- Coffea canephora | Ballou1926 DeLott1957c DeLott1960 WilliaWa1990 | (= Coffea robusta)
- Coffea liberica | Ali1971 Newste1917b WilliaWa1990
- Faramea occidentalis | Ballou1926 | (= Faramea odoratissima)
- Gardenia | Ali1971 Green1889 Green1904d Nakaha1981a
- Gardenia jasminoides | Ali1971 Ballou1926 CockerRo1915a Green1889 MestreHaEv2011 Nakaha1981a | (= Gardenia florida, Gardenia augusta)
- Gardenia taitensis | Nakaha1981a WilliaWa1990 | (= Randia tahitensis)
- Genipa americana | Ali1971
- Ixora | Ali1971 Green1904d HodgsoHi1990 Jansen1995 Mamet1943a Nakaha1983
- Ixora chinensis | Ali1971
- Ixora coccinea | Ballou1926 Jansen1995 | (= Ixora bandhuca)
- Ixora macrothyrsa | GillNaWi1977 Nakaha1981a
- Morinda citrifolia | Mamet1978 Nakaha1981 WilliaWa1990 | (= Platanocephalus chinensis)
- Nauclea | WilliaWa1990 | (= Platanocephalus)
- Psychotria boninensis | KawaiMaUm1971
- Psychotria glabrata | Ballou1926 | (= Psychotria laurifolia)
- Psychotria grandis | MestreHaEv2011
- Psydrax odoratus | Nakaha1981a | (= Canthium odoratum)
- Randia | WilliaWa1990
- Rothmannia annae | MalumpTr2012 | (= Rothnannia annae)
- Spermacoce laevis | WilliaWa1990 | (= Borreria laevis)
- Timonius | WilliaWa1990
- Rutaceae
- Aegle | Ali1971 Ballou1926 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Aegle marmelos | Ali1971 Ballou1926 TaoWoCh1983
- Afraegle paniculata | Ballou1926 | (= Balsamocitrus paniculata)
- Atalantia citroides | Ballou1926 | (= Atalantia citrioides)
- Balsamocitrus dawei | Ballou1926
- Casimiroa edulis | PellizPo2014
- Citropsis articulata | Ballou1926 | (= Citropsis schweinfurthii)
- Citrus | Ali1971 CarvalAg1997 CockerRo1915a DeLott1957c DeLott1960 DeLott1978 Green1904d Hall1924a HodgsoHi1990 Mamet1943a Mamet1978 Nakaha1981a QuezadCoDi1972 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 SmithBeBr1997
- Citrus aurantiifolia | Malump2012b Mamet1978 Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983
- Citrus aurantium | CorseuBa1971 Mamet1978
- Citrus australis | Ballou1926 | (= Citrus australis)
- Citrus histrix | Matile1978
- Citrus limon | Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983
- Citrus lucida | Ballou1926 | (= Feroniella oblata)
- Citrus maxima | Ballou1926 WilliaWa1990 | (= Citrus grandis)
- Citrus nobilis | Ali1971 CockerRo1915a
- Citrus paradisi | Nakaha1983
- Citrus reticulata | Nakaha1981a
- Citrus sinensis | Ballou1926 Green1889 Nakaha1983 WilliaWa1990
- Citrus trifoliata | Ballou1926 Nakaha1981a | (= Poncirus trifoliata)
- Clausena excavata | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983 | (= Clausena lunulata)
- Clausena lansium | Ballou1926
- Glycosmis pentaphylla | Ballou1926
- Luvunga scandens | Ballou1926 | (= Lavanga scandens)
- Melicope grisea | KawaiMaUm1971 | (= Boninia grisea)
- Murraya | HodgsoHi1990
- Murraya exotica | Ballou1926
- Naringi crenulata | Ballou1926 | (= Hesperethusa crenulata)
- Rutaceae | DanzigKo1990
- Swinglea glutinosa | Ballou1926 | (= Chaetospermum glutinosum, Chaetospermum glutinosa)
- Triphasia trifolia | Nakaha1981a
- Salicaceae
- Dovyalis | HodgsoHi1990
- Sapindaceae
- Dimocarpus longan | Ballou1926 | (= Euphoria longana)
- Dodonaea | HodgsoHi1990
- Dodonaea viscosa | Nakaha1981a | (= Dodonaea eriocarpa)
- Litchi chinensis | Nakaha1981a
- Melicoccus bijugatus | Ballou1926 | (= Melicoccus bijuga)
- Nephelium lappaceum | HernanNiMa2011
- Nephelium ramboutan-ake | Ballou1926
- Sapotaceae
- Chrysophyllum | MalumpTr2012
- Chrysophyllum cainito | Ballou1926
- Manilkara zapota | Ali1971 Ballou1926 ManiGaKr2008 Nakaha1983 | (= Achras sapota, Ballou1926)
- Mimusops | Mamet1943a
- Palaquium formosanum | TaoWoCh1983
- Planchonella | WilliaWa1990
- Planchonella obovata | KawaiMaUm1971 | (= Pouteria obovata)
- Pouteria | Mamet1943a | (= Lucuma)
- Pouteria campechiana | Ballou1926 | (= Lucuma nervosa)
- Synsepalum | Suh2023 Suh2023
- Solanaceae
- Brunfelsia nitida | Ballou1926
- Cestrum | WilliaWa1990
- Cestrum auriculatum | LincanHoCa2010
- Tamaricaceae
- Myricaria | CouturQuGo1997
- Theaceae
- Camellia sinensis | Ali1971 DanzigKo1990 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 WilliaWa1990
- Verbenaceae
- Lantana camara | Almeid1973b
- Verbena | HodgsoHi1990
- Zingiberaceae
- Alpinia | Nakaha1981a
- Alpinia purpurata | Nakaha1981a
- Zingiber officinale | Nakaha1981a
Foes:
Families: 8 | Genera: 19
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus lycimnia | MyartsRu2011
- Coccophagus ochraceus | MyartsRuCo2004
- Coccophagus pulvinariae | MyartsRu2011
- Coccophagus rusti | MyartsRu2011
- Coccophagus scutellaris | MyartsRu2000
- Marietta mexicana | MyartsRu2011
- Clavicipitaceae
- Clavicipitaceae | KondoWaGa2022
- Coccinellidae
- Azya luteipes | SouzaHoAl2023
- Chilocorus | Kalsho1981 ManiGaKr2008
- Cryptolaemus montrouzieri | ManiGaKr2008
- Diomus lupusapudoves | VandenIvLi2018
- Orcus | Kalsho1981
- Pseudoazya | SouzaHoAl2023
- Cordycipitaceae
- Akanthomyces lecanii | PandeyDeVa2021
- Encyrtidae
- Anicetus annulatus | MyartsRu2011 Sriniv1987
- Anicetus ceylonensis | Sriniv1987
- Encyrtus aurantii | MyartsRu2011
- Gahaniella saissetiae | MyartsRuCo2016a
- Metaphycus baruensis | Noyes1988b
- Metaphycus helvolus | MyartsRu2011
- Metaphycus luteolus | Blumbe1997
- Metaphycus pulvinariae | MyartsRu2011
- Microterys nietneri | MyartsRu2011
- Prochiloneurus | GilCoMa2023
- Entomophthora
- Entomophthora | Kalsho1981
- Noctuidae
- Eublemma | Kalsho1981
- Ophiocordycipitaceae
- Purpureocillium lilacinum | GangaVSwDa2014 | (= Paecilomyces lilacinus)
Associates:
Families: 1 | Genera: 10
- Formicidae
- Anoplolepis | Kalsho1981
- Azteca sericeasur | RiveraHaJi2018
- Camponotus rufoglaucus | GithaeOnNd2020
- Crematogaster | Kalsho1981
- Monomorium afrum | GithaeOnNd2020
- Myrmicaria brunnea | Kalsho1981
- Myrmicaria opaciventris | GithaeOnNd2020
- Oecophylla | Kalsho1981
- Oecophylla longinoda | GithaeOnNd2020
- Pheidole megacephala | GithaeOnNd2020
- Pheidole synanthropica | VandenIvLi2018
- Solenopsis | Kalsho1981
- Technomyrmex albipes | MalumpTr2012
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 119
- Agalega Islands | Mamet1978
- Algeria | KhaladBoMa2024
- American Samoa | KondoWaGa2022
- Angola | Almeid1973b
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Antigua | WalkerWaEv1974
- Australia
- Queensland | SmithBeBr1997
- Western Australia | Poole2005
- Azores | FrancoRuMa2011
- Bahamas | KondoWaGa2022
- Bangladesh | Varshn1992
- Barbados | KondoWaGa2022
- Benin | KondoWaGa2022
- Bermuda | HodgsoHi1990 HodgsoHi1991
- Bolivia | Murphy1997
- Bonin Islands (=Ogasawara-Gunto) | Kawai1987
- Brazil | AbrahaMa1958 Bondar1939 Iherin1897 Mamet1943a
- Amapa | AlmeidPeMa2018
- Amazonas | AlmeidPeMa2018
- Bahia | KondoWaGa2022
- Espirito Santo | CulikMaVe2007
- Goias | AlmeidPeMa2018
- Minas Gerais | FornazMaWi2017
- Rio Grande do Norte | KondoWaGa2022
- Rio Grande do Sul | BenDov1993
- Rio de Janeiro | AlmeidPeMa2018
- Santa Catarina | KondoWaGa2022
- Sao Paulo |
- British Virgin Islands | KondoWaGa2022
- Brunei | KondoWaGa2022
- Burkina Faso | KondoWaGa2022
- Burma (=Myanmar) | Murphy1997
- Cameroon | Vayssi1913
- Cape Verde | SchmutPiKl1978 VanHarCoWi1990
- Cayman Islands | KondoWaGa2022
- China
- Hunan | HuHeWa1992
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | MartinLa2011
- Colombia | Kondo2001
- Comoros | BenDov1993
- Congo | Kondo2013
- Cook Islands | WilliaWa1990
- Costa Rica | Kondo2013
- Cote d'Ivoire (=Ivory Coast) | BenDov1993
- Cuba | Ballou1926 MestreHaEv2011
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (=Zaire) | BenDov1993
- Dominica | KondoWaGa2022
- Dominican Republic | Kondo2013
- Ecuador | Kondo2013
- Egypt | Hall1924a
- El Salvador | QuezadCoDi1972
- Eritrea | CABI1972a
- Ethiopia | DeLott1959 Kondo2013
- Federated States of Micronesia | KondoWaGa2022
- Fiji | Dumble1954
- French Guiana | KondoWaGa2022
- French Polynesia | WilliaWa1990
- Tahiti | WilliaWa1990
- Galapagos Islands | CaustoPeSi2006 LincanHoCa2010
- Ghana | DeLott1960
- Grenada | KondoWaGa2022
- Guadeloupe | Balach1957c MatileEt2006
- Guam | BenDov1993
- Guatemala | Willia2010
- Guiana | Remill1988
- Guinea | Fernan1987a
- Guyana (=British Guiana) | Mamet1943a Newste1917b
- Haiti | PerezG2008
- Hawaiian Islands
- Hawaii | Mamet1943a
- Honduras | Kondo2013
- India | Ali1971 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Andhra Pradesh | AvasthSh1991
- Assam | Ali1971 AvasthSh1991
- Bihar | KondoWaGa2022
- Himachal Pradesh | KondoWaGa2022
- Karnataka | Ali1971 AvasthSh1991 ManiGaKr2008
- Kerala | Varshn1992
- Odisha (=Orissa) | Varshn1992
- Tamil Nadu | Ali1971
- Indonesia | Kalsho1981
- Bali | Gavril2017b
- Irian Jaya | Kondo2013
- Java | Ali1971 Kondo2013
- Sulawesi (=Celebes) | Gavril2013
- Sumatra | Ali1971
- Jamaica | BenDov1993
- Japan | Kawai1980 Suh2023
- Kampuchea (=Cambodia) | Ali1971
- Kenya | DeLott1957c DeLott1960
- Kiribati | WilliaWa1990
- Laos | SuhBo2015
- Madagascar | Mamet1951 Mamet1954 Mamet1959a
- Madeira Islands | CarvalAg1997 CarvalFrAg1996 | KondoWaGa2022
- Malaysia | Kondo2013 | KondoWaGa2022
- Sabah | KondoWaGa2022
- Sarawak | KondoWaGa2022
- Mali | KondoWaGa2022
- Martinique | Balach1957c
- Mauritius | Mamet1943a
- Mexico | MyartsRu2000
- Chiapas | CaballRa2018 Miller1996
- Colima | Miller1996
- Mexico State | RuizOrTaFi2023
- Michoacan | PadillMaNa2016
- Morelos | PadillMaNa2016
- Montserrat | KondoWaGa2022
- Nauru | BenDov1993
- Netherlands | Jansen1995
- New Caledonia | Murphy1997
- Nicaragua | KondoWaGa2022
- Niger | KondoWaGa2022
- Nigeria | DeLott1960
- Niue | KondoWaGa2022
- Northern Mariana Islands | Mamet1943a
- Pakistan | Varshn1992
- Palau | Mamet1943a
- Panama | Kondo2013
- Papua New Guinea | Kondo2013
- Peru | CouturQuGo1997
- Philippines | Ali1971 Mamet1943a
- Luzon | Ali1971
- Portugal | KondoWaGa2022
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | Martor1976 NakahaMi1981
- Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014 Mamet1957
- Saint Croix | Beatty1944
- Saint Kitts and Nevis Islands | KondoWaGa2022
- Saint Lucia | Malump2012b
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | KondoWaGa2022
- Sao Tome and Principe
- Principe | DeLott1960
- Sao Tome | Seabra1925
- Senegal | KondoWaGa2022
- Seychelles | Kondo2013
- Sierra Leone | DeLott1960
- Singapore | KondoWaGa2022
- Solomon Islands | WilliaWa1990
- South Africa | DeLott1978 Mamet1943a Newste1917b
- Sri Lanka | Ali1971 AvasthSh1991 Green1889 Green1896 Green1904d Green1937 Mamet1943a
- Suriname | Kondo2013
- Taiwan | Ali1971 Mamet1943a WongChCh1999
- Tanzania | DeLott1957c DeLott1960
- Thailand | Ali1971
- Togo | KondoWaGa2022
- Tonga | Kondo2013
- Trinidad and Tobago | Gullan1997
- Tuvalu | WilliaWa1990
- U.S. Virgin Islands | BenDov1993
- Uganda | DeLott1960
- United Kingdom | MalumpTr2012
- United States
- Florida | HamonWi1984
- Vanuatu (=New Hebrides) | Kondo2013
- Venezuela | Kondo2013
- Vietnam | DanzigKo1990 | KondoWaGa2022
- Wallis and Futuna Islands
- Futuna Island | WilliaWa1990
- Futuna Island | KondoWaGa2022
- Western Samoa | Kondo2013 | KondoWaGa2022
- Yemen | CABI1972a
- Zambia | CABI1972a
- Zanzibar | DeLott1957c DeLott1960 Green1916a Mamet1943a
Keys
- CaoWaHo2022: pp.126 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccus species in China]
- DubeyKaJo2022: pp.514 ( Adult (F) ) [species of Coccus infesting Areca catechu in Karnataka]
- LagowsHo2019: pp.382-384 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccus species from Africa]
- ChoiSoLe2018: pp.6-7 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae in Laos]
- WolffKoPe2016: pp.275-276 ( Adult (F) ) [Species recorded on Myrciaria dubia in Brazil]
- MohammMo2013: pp.146-148 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species and subspecies of family coccidae in Egypt]
- WangFe2012a: pp.61 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to adult female Coccus known from China]
- GranarPiFe2010: pp.397 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccus species on coffe in Brazil]
- Koszta1996: pp.337 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North America]
- Tang1991: pp.77 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
- WilliaWa1990: pp.83 ( Adult (F) ) [Tropical South Pacific]
- HamonWi1984: pp.38 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Florida]
- TaoWoCh1983: pp.63 ( Adult (F) ) [Taiwan]
- Kawai1980: pp.141-142 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
- Beards1966: pp.483, 487 ( Adult (F) ) [Micronesia]
- DeLott1959: pp.153-154 ( Adult (F) ) [Ethiopian Coccus sp.]
- Zimmer1948: pp.294 ( Adult (F) ) [Hawaii]
Remarks
- Systematics: Subfamily: Coccinae A, Coccini (Choi & Lee, 2019) Distribution records may not accurate due to past difficulty in separating C. viridis from species such as C. alpinus De Lotto. . (Kondo, Watson & Gavrilov-Zimin, 2022)
- Structure: See colour photograph in Kawai (1980, Fig. 6.8), Hamon & Williams (1984) and by Wong et al. (1999). Colour photograph of the general appearance of the adult female given by Carvalho & Aguiar (1997). Adult female oval to elongate oval, flat to slightly convex, pale green, usually with a dark internal U-shaped gut with black spots visible through semi-translucent dorsal derm, without any cottony wax or ovisac. Darkish eyespots visible on anterolateral margins. First-instar nymph (crawler) translucent yellowish green. (Kondo, Watson & Gavrilov-Zimin, 2022)
- Biology: The female are parthenogenetic and ovoviviparous. Develops multiple generations per year; in Florida females mature in 50-70 days (Fredrick, 1943); in Queensland, Australia it develops 3-4 generations per year (Smith et al., 1997). De Lotto (1960) observed in East Africa that this species occurs in coastal areas and up to an altitude of 1 - 1.3 km. Kohler (1976, 1978) studied the life history in Cuba, observing males at low frequency that was correlated with population density.
- Economic Importance: A serious pest of coffee, citrus and other crops in several regions in the tropics. A major citrus pest in Bolivia, less significant in other South American and South East Asian countries (Talhouk, 1975). Biology and pest status on coffee presented by Le Pelley (1968). Natural enemies on coffee in Cuba were studied by Kohler (1980). Coccus viridis has proved to be a damaging pest of ornamental plants at The Eden Project i Great Britain and this is undoubtedly linked with the high population levels of the ant T. albipes. (Malumphy & Treseder, 2012)
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Zimmerman (1948), De Lotto (1960, 1978), Gill et al. (1977), Wang (1980), Tao et al. (1983), Hamon & Williams (1984), Williams & Watson (1990), Tang (1991), Kosztarab (1996) and by Granara de Willink et al. (2010).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 29
- AbrahaMa1958: distribution, host, 268
- Aitken1985: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 1-5
- Ali1971: distribution, host, 28-29
- Almeid1973b: distribution, host, 3
- AlmeidPeMa2018: distribution, host, 355
- AvasthSh1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 345-346
- Balach1957c: distribution, host, 206
- Ballou1915: distribution, host, 121
- Ballou1926: catalog, distribution, host, 20-22
- Bannon1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 38
- Bartle1978: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 73-74
- Beards1966: distribution, host, taxonomy, 483,487
- Beatty1944: distribution, host, 114-172
- BenDov1993: catalog, 91-93
- BertelBa1966: distribution, host, 17-46
- Blumbe1997: ecology, life history, 225-236
- Bodkin1922: distribution, host,
- CaballRa2018: distribution, 2
- CamachCh2015: distribution, ecology, host, natural enemies, 1, 7, 12, 14
- CampWi1932: chemical control, 483-486
- CaoWaHo2022: key, 126
- CarvalAg1997: description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 168-170
- CarvalFrAg1996: distribution, host, 614
- Castel1963: distribution, host, 143-144,161
- CaustoPeSi2006: distribution, 137
- Chacko1978: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 265-268
- ChackoKrAn1978: biological control, 14-19
- Chiu1979: biological control, distribution, host, 297-303
- ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
- ChoiSoLe2018: diagnosis, economic importance, host, illustration, 33-34
- Cocker1896b: distribution, 332
- Cocker1897s: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 384
- Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 394
- CockerRo1915a: distribution, host, 428
- ColemaKa1918: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 4-12
- CorseuBa1971: distribution, host,
- CouturMaRi1985: distribution, host, 275
- CouturQuGo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 126
- CulikMaVe2007: distribution, host, 1-5
- DanzigKo1990: distribution, host, 44
- DeLott1957c: distribution, host, 313
- DeLott1959: distribution, key, taxonomy, 152, 154, 172
- DeLott1960: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 397-399
- DeLott1978: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 140-141
- DekleFa2001: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 253
- DengYuWa2021: illustration, symbionts, 4
- DixLuMoKu2019: distribution, host,
- DoaneFe1916: distribution, host, 399
- DubeyKaJo2022: distribution, host, key, 510, 513
- Dulong1971: distribution, host, 791
- Dumble1954: distribution, host,
- EFSA2022b: distribution, host, 17
- EaswarJa1985: biological control, 136-140
- EaswarJa1985a: 154-162
- EaswarJa1985b: biological control, chemical control, 189-194
- Esaki1940a: distribution, host, 274-280
- Fennah1960: distribution, ecology, life history, 84-86
- Fernal1903b: 174
- Fernan1987a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 34-35
- FernanPiFe2012: description, ecology, host, 333-341
- FernanPiSe2008: biological control, distribution, host, 11-16
- Flande1951b: biological control, 93-98
- Follet1999: control, distribution, economic importance, 213-217
- FornazMaWi2017: distribution, host, 3086
- FrancoCaMo2003: distribution, economic importance, host, 95-105
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 5,22
- FrohliRo1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-10
- GangaVSwDa2014: entomopathogenic fungi,
- Gavril2013: distribution, 79
- Gavril2017b: distribution, 145
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 230
- Gavril2020: cytogenetics, distribution, reproduction, 346
- GermaiDeLa2016: distribution, host, 2
- GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, 22
- GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
- GillNaWi1977: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 37-41
- GithaeOnNd2020: ant association,
- GithaeOnNd2021: distribution, host, 81
- GomesC1949: distribution, host,
- Goot1928: distribution, host, 1
- GranarPiFe2010: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 397-399
- Greath1971: biological control, distribution, host,
- Green1889: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 248
- Green1896: distribution, host, 8
- Green1904d: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 199-203
- Green1907: distribution, 201
- Green1916a: distribution, host, 375
- Green1930c: distribution, host, 281
- Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 299
- Gross1993: life history, 251-273
- Guille1985: distribution, economic importance, host, 20
- Hall1924a: distribution, host, 26
- Hall1969: economic importance, 823-826
- HamonWi1984: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 48-51
- HansenHaCh1991: chemical control, economic importance, 532-536
- HaraYaJa2002: chemical control, economic importance, 349-358
- Hempel1900a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 434-435
- HernanNiMa2011: host, 379-380
- HodgsoHi1990: distribution, host, 3,6,9,12-15,17,19,21
- HodgsoHi1991: distribution, host, 136
- HodgsoLa2011: distribution, host, 20
- Hollin2000: economic importance, 15-17
- HuHeWa1992: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 185-186
- Iherin1897: distribution, host, 407
- IversoBuPe2021: ant association, natural enemies,
- Jansen1995: distribution, host, 134,141
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 23,32
- Jayara1985: biological control, 1-5
- JhaVaIv2009: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 183-189
- KakotiDeRo2022: biology, distribution, host, list, 7
- Kalsho1981: description, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, 162
- Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 143
- Kawai1987: distribution, host, 77
- KawaiMaUm1971: distribution, economic importance, host, 16
- KhaladBoMa2024: distribution, species richness, survey,
- Kohler1976: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 471-477
- Kohler1978: description, distribution, ecology, host, life history, physiology, taxonomy, 561-572
- Kohler1980: biological control, distribution, host, 75-103
- Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 41
- Kondo2010: distribution, host, 41-44
- Kondo2013: distribution, host, 46
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 10
- KondoWaGa2022: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, 255-256
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 77
- KumarRe2004: chemical control, 5-7
- KumarRe2006: chemical control, distribution, host, 73-75
- KumarRe2007: chemical control, 131-134
- LagowsGoHo2022: distribution, host, list, 8
- LagowsHo2019: key, 382-384
- Laing1927: distribution, host, 38
- Laing1928: distribution, host, taxonomy,
- LePell1968: distribution, economic importance, host,
- Leefma1929: distribution, host, 1
- LeonKo2017: biological control, chemical control, diagnosis, host, illustration, natural enemies, 73-74
- LinKoGu2013: distribution, host, molecular data, phylogeny, taxonomy, 251-252, 258
- LincanHoCa2010: distribution, host, 4
- Lindin1913: distribution, host, 83
- Malump2012b: distribution, host, 210,212
- Malump2014a: distribution, host, 72
- MalumpTr2012: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 217-226
- Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 152
- Mamet1949: catalog, 25
- Mamet1950: distribution, host, 21
- Mamet1951: distribution, host, 224
- Mamet1954: distribution, host, 13
- Mamet1957: distribution, host, 374
- Mamet1959a: distribution, host, 376
- Mamet1978: distribution, host, 105
- ManiGaKr2008: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 721-725
- ManiKr1998: biological control, distribution, host, 210-212
- MaricoMuId1974: chemical control, 6-11
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, 35
- MartinSoMe2015: ant association, entomopathogenic fungi,
- Martor1976: distribution, host, 53-241
- Matile1978: distribution, host, 43
- MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 165
- MatileNo1984: distribution, host, 63
- MestreHaEv2011: distribution, host, 6-7
- MestreHoHa2015: distribution, host, 7
- MestreKo2018: distribution, 5
- Meurge2011: distribution, 80
- MifsudFsMa2012: natural enemies, 17
- MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, natural enemies, 133
- Miller1996: catalog, distribution, 70
- MirandMa2020: chemical control,
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 149
- MohammMo2013: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 147, 154
- Morris1920: distribution, host, taxonomy, 190, 192
- MumaSeDe1961: biological control, 1-39
- Murphy1997: biological control, distribution, host, 367-380
- MyartsRu2000: biological control, distribution, 7-33
- MyartsRu2011: biological control, 65-72
- MyartsRuCo2004: natural enemies, 143
- MyartsRuCo2016a: natural enemies, 781
- Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, 391
- Nakaha1983: distribution, host, 4
- NakahaMi1981: distribution, 30
- Naraya1985: biological control, distribution, host, 90-101
- NeumanFoHo2010: biological control, 107-113
- Newste1906a: taxonomy, 74
- Newste1917b: distribution, host, 130
- Noyes1988b: biological control, 131-134
- PadillMaNa2016: distribution, host, 554
- PandeyDeVa2021: biological control, entomopathogenic fungi,
- PellizPo2014: distribution, host, 4
- PerezG2008: distribution, 212
- Petch1921: biological control, 18-40
- Poole2005: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-2
- PuttarCh1953a: biological control, 87-95
- QuezadCoDi1972: distribution, host, 19-20
- RahimOh2019: distribution, 49
- Ramakr1919: distribution, host, 625
- Ramakr1919a: distribution, host, 37
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 349
- Ramakr1930: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 49
- Reboul1976: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- ReddyKu1998: biological control, economic importance,
- Remill1988: distribution, host, 55-56
- Reyne1961: distribution, host, 124
- RiveraHaJi2018: ant association, biological control, 26-31
- Robins1917: distribution, host, taxonomy, 16
- RodrigCa2012: ecology, 35
- RosadoBaMa2014: biological control, ecology, economic importance, host, life history, 190-202
- RosenbSaSa2012: ecology, molecular data, physiology, 2357-2368
- RuizOrTaFi2023: disease transmission, distribution, host,
- SamuelVeCh1981: chemical control, 126-128
- Sankar1988: biological control, 151-158
- SankovRiMa2024: ant association, 82
- Schmut1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 147-148,189-192
- Schmut1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 236-237
- SchmutPiKl1978: distribution, economic importance, host, 329
- Seabra1921: distribution, host, 97
- Seabra1925: distribution, host, 36-37
- Sekhar1964: distribution, economic importance, host, 72
- SenthiRe2005: economic importance, 82-87
- ShafeeYoKh1989: distribution, host, 51
- Simant1962a: biological control, distribution, host, 105-112
- Simant1973: economic importance,
- Simmon1957: catalog, distribution, host, 8
- SmithBeBr1997: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 41-43
- SouzaHoAl2023: distribution, host, natural enemies, 3
- Sriniv1987: biological control, distribution, host, 122-123
- Suh2023: distribution, host, 5
- SuhBo2015: distribution, host, list, 2
- Takaha1928: distribution, host, 341
- Takaha1929: distribution, host, 51
- Takaha1936c: distribution, host, 116
- Takaha1939b: distribution, host, 262
- Takaha1941b: distribution, host, 218
- Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 17
- Takaha1942d: distribution, host, 353
- Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 96-98
- Tao1978: distribution, host, 81
- Tao1989: catalog, distribution, host, 59
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 55
- TaoWoCh1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 67-68
- ThistlVa1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 3-15
- TrindaNaMu2016: distribution, host, 162
- TurgutUl2007: ant association, 314
- VaidyaVa2021: ant association, ecology,
- VanHarCoWi1990: distribution, host, 134
- VandenIvLi2018: ant association, illustration, natural enemies, 113-122
- VanderAmMo2019: ant association, ecology, 978-984
- VanderArMo2021: ecology, natural enemies,
- VanderPe2006: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 1000-1002
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 87-88
- VarshnMo1987: distribution, host, 174
- Vayssi1913: distribution, host, 430
- Vernal1953: distribution, host, 132
- VeseyF1941: biological control, distribution, host, 161
- VieiraCaPi1983: distribution, host, 97-98
- WalkerWaEv1974: distribution, host, 12
- Wang1980: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 29-30
- WangFe2012a: taxonomy, 61
- Waterh1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 156-171
- Watson2021: distribution, 521
- WatsonOoGi1995: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 55
- Willia1985b: distribution, host, 53
- Willia2001: distribution, 225-227
- Willia2010: distribution, host, 144-152
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 216
- WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 11,47,48
- WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 96-99
- WilliaWi1988: distribution, host, 56
- WolffKoPe2016: distribution, host, key, 274-275
- WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 13,51
- Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 170,191
- Zimmer1948: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 311,314-315,318