Valid Names Results

Coccus viridis (Green, 1889) (Coccidae: Coccus)

Nomenclatural History

Lecanium viride Green 1889: 248. Type data: SRI LANKA: Pundaluoya, on coffee.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,96). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name
Coccus viridis (Green, 1889); Fernald 1903b: 174. change of combination
Lecanium (Trechocorys) hesperidum africanum Newstead 1906a: 74. nomen nudum
Lecanium (Coccus) viride Green, 1889; Green 1937: 299. change of combination
Coccus viridis bisexualis Köhler 1978: 564. nomen nudum
Coccus viridis viridis Köhler 1978: 564. nomen nudum

Common Names

escama verde QuezadCoDi1972
green coffee scale BenDov1993
green scale BenDov1993 GillNaWi1977 HamonWi1984
lapa-verde CarvalAg1997
Cochenille verte du caféier KondoWaGa2022
cochinilla verde del café KondoWaGa2022
cochonilha-verde KondoWaGa2022
groene dopluis KondoWaGa2022
Grüne Kaffeeschildlaus KondoWaGa2022
midori-kata-kaigaramushi KondoWaGa2022

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 66 | Genera: 167

Acanthaceae

Justicia spicigera | Ballou1926 | (= Jacobinia mohintli)
Odontonema | WilliaWa1990
Sanchezia nobilis | Ballou1926 Nakaha1981a

Amaranthaceae

Gomphrena globosa | Nakaha1981a VanHarCoWi1990 | (= Gomphrena globata)

Anacardiaceae

Anacardium occidentale | LagowsGoHo2022
Campnosperma brevipetiolatum | WilliaWa1990 | (=Campnosperma brevipetiolata)
Mangifera indica | Balach1957c WilliaWa1990
Schinus | HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a
Schinus molle | VieiraCaPi1983
Schinus terebinthifolia | GillNaWi1977 Nakaha1981a | (= Schinus terebinthifolius)

Annonaceae

Annona | HodgsoHi1990
Annona squamosa | MilleHeCa2016

Apiaceae

Apium graveolens | Nakaha1981a | (= Apium graveolans)

Apocynaceae

Alstonia macrophylla | Nakaha1981a
Alstonia scholaris | MalumpTr2012
Alyxia | Nakaha1981a
Carissa | Ali1971 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
Carissa carandas | Ali1971 Mamet1943a TaoWoCh1983
Carissa macrocarpa | Ballou1926 Nakaha1981a | (= Carissa grandiflora)
Carissa spinarum | Varshn1992 | (= Carissa opaca)
Cascabela thevetia | Ballou1926 | (= Thevetia nereifolia, Thevetia neriifolia)
Cryptostegia grandiflora | Nakaha1981a
Nerium | HodgsoHi1990
Nerium oleander | Mamet1943a WilliaWa1990
Ochrosia nakaiana | KawaiMaUm1971
Plumeria | Ali1971 Green1904d HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983
Plumeria obtusa | Nakaha1981a
Plumeria rubra | Ali1971 Ballou1926 DeLott1960 MalumpTr2012 Mamet1943a Nakaha1981a Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 VieiraCaPi1983 Varshn1992 | (= Plumeria acuminata, Plumeria acutifolia, Plumeria tricolor),(= Plumeria acutifolia)
Rauvolfia vomitoria | DeLott1960 | (= Rauwolfia vomitoria)

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex | WilliaWa1990
Ilex chinensis | TaoWoCh1983

Araceae

Caladium | Nakaha1981a
Zamioculcas | Suh2023

Araliaceae

Aralia | Mamet1943a
Meryta macrophylla | WilliaWa1990
Polyscias | Nakaha1981a
Polyscias guilfoylei | Ballou1926 Nakaha1981a | (= Aralia guilfoylei)
Schefflera | HodgsoHi1990

Arecaceae

Areca catechu | Nakaha1981a
Cocos | DeLott1960
Cocos nucifera | DeLott1960
Dypsis | Suh2023
Manicaria saccifera | MalumpTr2012

Asparagaceae

Cordyline fruticosa | Nakaha1981a | (= Cordyline terminalis)
Dracaena | MalumpTr2012 Nakaha1981a

Asteraceae

Arctotis | Nakaha1981a
Fitchia | Nakaha1981a
Gerbera | Nakaha1981a
Gerbera jamesonii | Ballou1926 VieiraCaPi1983
Pluchea indica | Nakaha1981a
Senecio | WilliaWa1990

Bignoniaceae

Tecomaria capensis | Ballou1926 Nakaha1981a | (= Tecoma capensis)

Boraginaceae

Cordia | VieiraCaPi1983
Cordia alba | Ballou1926
Cordia alliodora | WilliaWa1990
Cordia laevigata | Ballou1926 | (= Cordia nitida)
Cordia myxa | Mamet1943a
Ehretia tinifolia | Ballou1926

Bromeliaceae

Ananas comosus | WilliaWa1990

Calophyllaceae

Mammea americana | Nakaha1983

Caricaceae

Carica papaya | PadillMaNa2016

Celastraceae

Maytenus | VieiraCaPi1983
Schaefferia frutescens | MestreHoHa2015

Clusiaceae

Clusia | JansenAl2023
Garcinia mangostana | MalumpTr2012

Combretaceae

Laguncularia racemosa | LincanHoCa2010
Terminalia catappa | Mamet1959a

Commelinaceae

Commelina | WilliaWa1990

Crassulaceae

Kalanchoe | Nakaha1981a | (= Bryophyllum)
Kalanchoe pinnata | Nakaha1981a | (= Bryophyllum pinnatum)

Cucurbitaceae

Cucurbita pepo | WilliaWa1990

Dioscoreaceae

Dioscorea | WilliaWa1990

Ebenaceae

Diospyros digyna | PadillMaNa2016

Euphorbiaceae

Codiaeum | Nakaha1981a
Croton | DeLott1960
Jatropha | Suh2023
Manihot | Ali1971 Green1904d
Manihot esculenta | Varshn1992 | (= Manihot utilissima)

Fabaceae

Cassia | GillNaWi1977
Gliricidia | WilliaWa1990
Inocarpus fagifer | WilliaWa1990
Tipuana | Nakaha1981a

Goodeniaceae

Scaevola taccada | WilliaWa1990

Heptapleurum

Heptapleurum | Suh2023

Hydrangeaceae

Hydrangea | WilliaWa1990

Hypocreales

Lecanicillium | FernanPiSe2008 Naraya1985 | (= Verticilium lecanii)

Hypocrella

Hypocrella | Kalsho1981

Lamiaceae

Callicarpa longifolia | Varshn1992 | (= Callicarpa innata)
Callicarpa tomentosa | Ali1971 Green1904d | (= Callicarpa lanata)
Clerodendrum | Ballou1926 HodgsoHi1990 WilliaWa1990 | (= Clerodendron)

Lauraceae

Persea americana | WilliaWa1990

Lecythidaceae

Barringtonia asiatica | Mamet1959a | (= Barringtonia speciosa)

Loganiaceae

Strychnos nux-vomica | Ali1971

Loranthaceae

Loranthus | Ali1971 Green1904d

Lythraceae

Lagerstroemia indica | Ballou1926
Punica granatum | LagowsGoHo2022

Malpighiaceae

Hiptage benghalensis | Ali1971 Green1904d | (= Hiptage benghalensis)

Malvaceae

Durio zibethinus | RahimOh2019
Heritiera littoralis | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
Hibiscus | Balach1957c
Microcos paniculata | Varshn1992
Theobroma cacao | MalumpTr2012 Nakaha1981a

Melastomataceae

Melastomataceae | WilliaWa1990
Miconia robinsoniana | LincanHoCa2010

Meliaceae

Melia azedarach | CorseuBa1971

Moraceae

Ficus elastica | WilliaWa1990

Musaceae

Musa | LincanHoCa2010

Myristicaceae

Myristica | WilliaWa1990

Myrtaceae

Eucalyptus | GillNaWi1977
Eugenia | CouturQuGo1997 Nakaha1981a
Eugenia uniflora | Nakaha1981a
Melaleuca | WilliaWa1990
Myrciaria dubia | WolffKoPe2016
Myrtella | WilliaWa1990
Psidium cattleyanum | Willia1985b | (= Psidium littorale)
Psidium friedrichsthalianum | Ballou1926
Psidium guajava | Ali1971 Ballou1926 DeLott1978 Green1904d MalumpTr2012 Mamet1943a Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 VieiraCaPi1983 | (= Psidium guafava, Psidium pyriferum)
Syzygium aqueum | Ballou1926
Syzygium aromaticum | Mamet1943a | (= Eugenia caryophyllata)
Syzygium malaccense | Ballou1926 | (= Eugenia malaccensis)

Nyctaginaceae

Ceodes umbellifera | KawaiMaUm1971

Oleaceae

Jasminum | MalumpTr2012

Orchidaceae

Broughtonia | GillNaWi1977
Cymbidium | Suh2023
Eulophia | Mamet1951 | (= Lissochilus)
Mormolyca polyphylla | MalumpTr2012
Prosthechea cochleata | MestreHaEv2011

Pandanaceae

Pandanus | WilliaWa1990

Phyllanthaceae

Antidesma bunius | Ali1971 Green1904d

Pittosporaceae

Pittosporum | HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a
Pittosporum tobira | Ballou1926 Nakaha1981a

Podocarpaceae

Podocarpus | HodgsoHi1990

Polygonaceae

Coccoloba uvifera | Ballou1926 Nakaha1981a
Fallopia convolvulus | Ballou1926 | (= Polygonum convolvulus)
Homalocladium | HodgsoHi1990
Homalocladium platycladum | Mamet1943a | (= Muehlenbeckia platyclada)

Primulaceae

Ardisia crispa | Nakaha1981a
Maesa indica | Ali1971 Green1904d | (= Moesa indica)

Rosaceae

Eriobotrya japonica | PadillMaNa2016
Prunus salicina | PadillMaNa2016
Rosa indica | Ali1971 Green1904d

Rubiaceae

Bobea brevipes | Nakaha1981a | (= Bobea mauaii, Bobea mannii)
Breonia chinensis | WilliaWa1990
Casasia nigrescens | Ballou1926 | (= Randia nigrescens)
Chiococca alba | Ballou1926 | (= Chioccoca racemosa, Chiococca racemosa)
Cinchona | Green1889 Green1896
Cinchona calisaya | Green1889
Cinchona pubescens | Ali1971 Green1904d | (= Cinchona succirubra)
Coffea | AbrahaMa1958 Ali1971 AvasthSh1991 Cocker1897s DeLott1957c DeLott1960 DeLott1978 Green1889 Green1896 Green1916a Green1930c Green1937 Hall1924a Iherin1897 Mamet1943a Mamet1954 Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983 ShafeeYoKh1989
Coffea arabica | Ali1971 Balach1957c Ballou1926 DanzigKo1990 DeLott1960 Mamet1959a Nakaha1981a
Coffea canephora | Ballou1926 DeLott1957c DeLott1960 WilliaWa1990 | (= Coffea robusta)
Coffea liberica | Ali1971 Newste1917b WilliaWa1990
Faramea occidentalis | Ballou1926 | (= Faramea odoratissima)
Gardenia | Ali1971 Green1889 Green1904d Nakaha1981a
Gardenia jasminoides | Ali1971 Ballou1926 CockerRo1915a Green1889 MestreHaEv2011 Nakaha1981a | (= Gardenia florida, Gardenia augusta)
Gardenia taitensis | Nakaha1981a WilliaWa1990 | (= Randia tahitensis)
Genipa americana | Ali1971
Ixora | Ali1971 Green1904d HodgsoHi1990 Jansen1995 Mamet1943a Nakaha1983
Ixora chinensis | Ali1971
Ixora coccinea | Ballou1926 Jansen1995 | (= Ixora bandhuca)
Ixora macrothyrsa | GillNaWi1977 Nakaha1981a
Morinda citrifolia | Mamet1978 Nakaha1981 WilliaWa1990 | (= Platanocephalus chinensis)
Nauclea | WilliaWa1990 | (= Platanocephalus)
Psychotria boninensis | KawaiMaUm1971
Psychotria glabrata | Ballou1926 | (= Psychotria laurifolia)
Psychotria grandis | MestreHaEv2011
Psydrax odoratus | Nakaha1981a | (= Canthium odoratum)
Randia | WilliaWa1990
Rothmannia annae | MalumpTr2012 | (= Rothnannia annae)
Spermacoce laevis | WilliaWa1990 | (= Borreria laevis)
Timonius | WilliaWa1990

Rutaceae

Aegle | Ali1971 Ballou1926 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
Aegle marmelos | Ali1971 Ballou1926 TaoWoCh1983
Afraegle paniculata | Ballou1926 | (= Balsamocitrus paniculata)
Atalantia citroides | Ballou1926 | (= Atalantia citrioides)
Balsamocitrus dawei | Ballou1926
Casimiroa edulis | PellizPo2014
Citropsis articulata | Ballou1926 | (= Citropsis schweinfurthii)
Citrus | Ali1971 CarvalAg1997 CockerRo1915a DeLott1957c DeLott1960 DeLott1978 Green1904d Hall1924a HodgsoHi1990 Mamet1943a Mamet1978 Nakaha1981a QuezadCoDi1972 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 SmithBeBr1997
Citrus aurantiifolia | Malump2012b Mamet1978 Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983
Citrus aurantium | CorseuBa1971 Mamet1978
Citrus australis | Ballou1926 | (= Citrus australis)
Citrus histrix | Matile1978
Citrus limon | Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983
Citrus lucida | Ballou1926 | (= Feroniella oblata)
Citrus maxima | Ballou1926 WilliaWa1990 | (= Citrus grandis, Citrus decumana)
Citrus nobilis | Ali1971 CockerRo1915a
Citrus paradisi | Nakaha1983
Citrus reticulata | Nakaha1981a
Citrus sinensis | Ballou1926 Green1889 Nakaha1983 WilliaWa1990
Citrus trifoliata | Ballou1926 Nakaha1981a | (= Poncirus trifoliata)
Clausena excavata | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983 | (= Clausena lunulata)
Clausena lansium | Ballou1926
Glycosmis pentaphylla | Ballou1926
Luvunga scandens | Ballou1926 | (= Lavanga scandens)
Melicope grisea | KawaiMaUm1971 | (= Boninia grisea)
Murraya | HodgsoHi1990
Murraya exotica | Ballou1926
Naringi crenulata | Ballou1926 | (= Hesperethusa crenulata)
Rutaceae | DanzigKo1990
Swinglea glutinosa | Ballou1926 | (= Chaetospermum glutinosum, Chaetospermum glutinosa)
Triphasia trifolia | Nakaha1981a

Salicaceae

Dovyalis | HodgsoHi1990

Sapindaceae

Dimocarpus longan | Ballou1926 | (= Euphoria longana)
Dodonaea | HodgsoHi1990
Dodonaea viscosa | Nakaha1981a | (= Dodonaea eriocarpa)
Litchi chinensis | Nakaha1981a
Melicoccus bijugatus | Ballou1926 | (= Melicoccus bijuga)
Nephelium lappaceum | HernanNiMa2011
Nephelium ramboutan-ake | Ballou1926

Sapotaceae

Chrysophyllum | MalumpTr2012
Chrysophyllum cainito | Ballou1926
Manilkara zapota | Ali1971 Ballou1926 ManiGaKr2008 Nakaha1983 | (= Achras sapota, Lucuma mammosa)
Mimusops | Mamet1943a
Palaquium formosanum | TaoWoCh1983
Planchonella | WilliaWa1990
Planchonella obovata | KawaiMaUm1971 | (= Pouteria obovata)
Pouteria | Mamet1943a | (= Lucuma)
Pouteria campechiana | Ballou1926 | (= Lucuma nervosa)
Synsepalum | Suh2023 Suh2023

Solanaceae

Brunfelsia nitida | Ballou1926
Cestrum | WilliaWa1990
Cestrum auriculatum | LincanHoCa2010

Tamaricaceae

Myricaria | CouturQuGo1997

Theaceae

Camellia sinensis | Ali1971 DanzigKo1990 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 WilliaWa1990

Verbenaceae

Lantana camara | Almeid1973b
Verbena | HodgsoHi1990

Zingiberaceae

Alpinia | Nakaha1981a
Alpinia purpurata | Nakaha1981a
Zingiber officinale | Nakaha1981a

Foes:

Families: 8 | Genera: 19

Aphelinidae

Coccophagus lycimnia | MyartsRu2011
Coccophagus ochraceus | MyartsRuCo2004
Coccophagus pulvinariae | MyartsRu2011
Coccophagus rusti | MyartsRu2011
Coccophagus scutellaris | MyartsRu2000
Marietta mexicana | MyartsRu2011

Clavicipitaceae

Clavicipitaceae | KondoWaGa2022

Coccinellidae

Azya luteipes | SouzaHoAl2023
Chilocorus | Kalsho1981 ManiGaKr2008
Chilocorus melanophthalmus | Kalsho1981
Chilocorus nigrita | ManiGaKr2008
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri | ManiGaKr2008
Diomus lupusapudoves | VandenIvLi2018
Orcus | Kalsho1981
Pseudoazya | SouzaHoAl2023

Cordycipitaceae

Akanthomyces lecanii | PandeyDeVa2021

Encyrtidae

Anicetus annulatus | MyartsRu2011 Sriniv1987
Anicetus ceylonensis | Sriniv1987
Encyrtus aurantii | MyartsRu2011
Gahaniella saissetiae | MyartsRuCo2016a
Metaphycus baruensis | Noyes1988b
Metaphycus helvolus | MyartsRu2011
Metaphycus luteolus | Blumbe1997
Metaphycus pulvinariae | MyartsRu2011
Microterys nietneri | MyartsRu2011
Prochiloneurus | GilCoMa2023

Entomophthoraceae

Entomophthora | Kalsho1981

Noctuidae

Eublemma | Kalsho1981

Ophiocordycipitaceae

Purpureocillium lilacinum | GangaVSwDa2014 | (= Paecilomyces lilacinus)

Associates:

Families: 3 | Genera: 11

Enterobacteriaceae

Enterobacteriaceae | RosenbSaSa2012

Flavobacteriaceae

Flavobacteriaceae | RosenbSaSa2012

Formicidae

Anoplolepis | Kalsho1981
Azteca sericeasur | RiveraHaJi2018
Camponotus rufoglaucus | GithaeOnNd2020
Crematogaster | Kalsho1981
Monomorium afrum | GithaeOnNd2020
Myrmicaria brunnea | Kalsho1981
Myrmicaria opaciventris | GithaeOnNd2020
Oecophylla | Kalsho1981
Oecophylla longinoda | GithaeOnNd2020
Pheidole megacephala | GithaeOnNd2020
Pheidole synanthropica | VandenIvLi2018
Solenopsis | Kalsho1981
Technomyrmex albipes | MalumpTr2012

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 119

Agalega Islands | Mamet1978

Algeria | KhaladBoMa2024

American Samoa | KondoWaGa2022

Angola | Almeid1973b

Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua | WalkerWaEv1974

Australia

Queensland | SmithBeBr1997
Western Australia | Poole2005

Azores | FrancoRuMa2011

Bahamas | KondoWaGa2022

Bangladesh | Varshn1992

Barbados | KondoWaGa2022

Benin | KondoWaGa2022

Bermuda | HodgsoHi1990 HodgsoHi1991

Bolivia | Murphy1997

Bonin Islands (=Ogasawara-Gunto) | Kawai1987

Brazil | AbrahaMa1958 Bondar1939 Iherin1897 Mamet1943a

Amapa | AlmeidPeMa2018
Amazonas | AlmeidPeMa2018
Bahia | KondoWaGa2022
Espirito Santo | CulikMaVe2007
Goias | AlmeidPeMa2018
Minas Gerais | FornazMaWi2017
Rio Grande do Norte | KondoWaGa2022
Rio Grande do Sul | BenDov1993
Rio de Janeiro | AlmeidPeMa2018
Santa Catarina | KondoWaGa2022
Sao Paulo |

British Virgin Islands | KondoWaGa2022

Brunei | KondoWaGa2022

Burkina Faso | KondoWaGa2022

Burma (=Myanmar) | Murphy1997

Cameroon | Vayssi1913

Cape Verde | SchmutPiKl1978 VanHarCoWi1990

Cayman Islands | KondoWaGa2022

China

Hunan | HuHeWa1992
Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | MartinLa2011

Colombia | Kondo2001

Comoros | BenDov1993

Congo | Kondo2013

Cook Islands | WilliaWa1990

Costa Rica | Kondo2013

Cote d'Ivoire (=Ivory Coast) | BenDov1993

Cuba | Ballou1926 MestreHaEv2011

Democratic Republic of the Congo (=Zaire) | BenDov1993

Dominica | KondoWaGa2022

Dominican Republic | Kondo2013

Ecuador | Kondo2013

Egypt | Hall1924a

El Salvador | QuezadCoDi1972

Eritrea | CABI1972a

Ethiopia | DeLott1959 Kondo2013

Federated States of Micronesia | KondoWaGa2022

Fiji | Dumble1954

French Guiana | KondoWaGa2022

French Polynesia | WilliaWa1990

Tahiti | WilliaWa1990

Galapagos Islands | CaustoPeSi2006 LincanHoCa2010

Ghana | DeLott1960

Grenada | KondoWaGa2022

Guadeloupe | Balach1957c MatileEt2006

Guam | BenDov1993

Guatemala | Willia2010

Guiana | Remill1988

Guinea | Fernan1987a

Guyana (=British Guiana) | Mamet1943a Newste1917b

Haiti | PerezG2008

Hawaiian Islands

Hawaii | Mamet1943a

Honduras | Kondo2013

India | Ali1971 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989

Andhra Pradesh | AvasthSh1991
Assam | Ali1971 AvasthSh1991
Bihar | KondoWaGa2022
Himachal Pradesh | KondoWaGa2022
Karnataka | Ali1971 AvasthSh1991 ManiGaKr2008
Kerala | Varshn1992
Odisha (=Orissa) | Varshn1992
Tamil Nadu | Ali1971

Indonesia | Kalsho1981

Bali | Gavril2017b
Irian Jaya | Kondo2013
Java | Ali1971 Kondo2013
Sulawesi (=Celebes) | Gavril2013
Sumatra | Ali1971

Jamaica | BenDov1993

Japan | Kawai1980 Suh2023

Kampuchea (=Cambodia) | Ali1971

Kenya | DeLott1957c DeLott1960

Kiribati | WilliaWa1990

Laos | SuhBo2015

Madagascar | Mamet1951 Mamet1954 Mamet1959a

Madeira Islands | CarvalAg1997 CarvalFrAg1996 | KondoWaGa2022

Malaysia | Kondo2013 | KondoWaGa2022

Sabah | KondoWaGa2022
Sarawak | KondoWaGa2022

Mali | KondoWaGa2022

Martinique | Balach1957c

Mauritius | Mamet1943a

Mexico | MyartsRu2000

Chiapas | CaballRa2018 Miller1996
Colima | Miller1996
Mexico State | RuizOrTaFi2023
Michoacan | PadillMaNa2016
Morelos | PadillMaNa2016

Montserrat | KondoWaGa2022

Nauru | BenDov1993

Netherlands | Jansen1995

New Caledonia | Murphy1997

Nicaragua | KondoWaGa2022

Niger | KondoWaGa2022

Nigeria | DeLott1960

Niue | KondoWaGa2022

Northern Mariana Islands | Mamet1943a

Pakistan | Varshn1992

Palau | Mamet1943a

Panama | Kondo2013

Papua New Guinea | Kondo2013

Peru | CouturQuGo1997

Philippines | Ali1971 Mamet1943a

Luzon | Ali1971

Portugal | KondoWaGa2022

Puerto Rico & Vieques Island

Puerto Rico | Martor1976 NakahaMi1981

Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014 Mamet1957

Saint Croix | Beatty1944

Saint Kitts and Nevis Islands | KondoWaGa2022

Saint Lucia | Malump2012b

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | KondoWaGa2022

Sao Tome and Principe

Principe | DeLott1960
Sao Tome | Seabra1925

Senegal | KondoWaGa2022

Seychelles | Kondo2013

Sierra Leone | DeLott1960

Singapore | KondoWaGa2022

Solomon Islands | WilliaWa1990

South Africa | DeLott1978 Mamet1943a Newste1917b

Sri Lanka | Ali1971 AvasthSh1991 Green1889 Green1896 Green1904d Green1937 Mamet1943a

Suriname | Kondo2013

Taiwan | Ali1971 Mamet1943a WongChCh1999

Tanzania | DeLott1957c DeLott1960

Thailand | Ali1971

Togo | KondoWaGa2022

Tonga | Kondo2013

Trinidad and Tobago | Gullan1997

Tuvalu | WilliaWa1990

U.S. Virgin Islands | BenDov1993

Uganda | DeLott1960

United Kingdom | MalumpTr2012

United States

Florida | HamonWi1984

Vanuatu (=New Hebrides) | Kondo2013

Venezuela | Kondo2013

Vietnam | DanzigKo1990 | KondoWaGa2022

Wallis and Futuna Islands

Futuna Island | WilliaWa1990
Futuna Island | KondoWaGa2022

Western Samoa | Kondo2013 | KondoWaGa2022

Yemen | CABI1972a

Zambia | CABI1972a

Zanzibar | DeLott1957c DeLott1960 Green1916a Mamet1943a

Keys

CaoWaHo2022: pp.126 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccus species in China]
DubeyKaJo2022: pp.514 ( Adult (F) ) [species of Coccus infesting Areca catechu in Karnataka]
LagowsHo2019: pp.382-384 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccus species from Africa]
ChoiSoLe2018: pp.6-7 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae in Laos]
WolffKoPe2016: pp.275-276 ( Adult (F) ) [Species recorded on Myrciaria dubia in Brazil]
MohammMo2013: pp.146-148 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species and subspecies of family coccidae in Egypt]
WangFe2012a: pp.61 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to adult female Coccus known from China]
GranarPiFe2010: pp.397 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccus species on coffe in Brazil]
Koszta1996: pp.337 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North America]
Tang1991: pp.77 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
WilliaWa1990: pp.83 ( Adult (F) ) [Tropical South Pacific]
HamonWi1984: pp.38 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Florida]
TaoWoCh1983: pp.63 ( Adult (F) ) [Taiwan]
Kawai1980: pp.141-142 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
Beards1966: pp.483, 487 ( Adult (F) ) [Micronesia]
DeLott1959: pp.153-154 ( Adult (F) ) [Ethiopian Coccus sp.]
Zimmer1948: pp.294 ( Adult (F) ) [Hawaii]

Remarks

Systematics: Subfamily: Coccinae A, Coccini (Choi & Lee, 2019) Distribution records may not accurate due to past difficulty in separating C. viridis from species such as C. alpinus De Lotto. . (Kondo, Watson & Gavrilov-Zimin, 2022)
Structure: See colour photograph in Kawai (1980, Fig. 6.8), Hamon & Williams (1984) and by Wong et al. (1999). Colour photograph of the general appearance of the adult female given by Carvalho & Aguiar (1997). Adult female oval to elongate oval, flat to slightly convex, pale green, usually with a dark internal U-shaped gut with black spots visible through semi-translucent dorsal derm, without any cottony wax or ovisac. Darkish eyespots visible on anterolateral margins. First-instar nymph (crawler) translucent yellowish green. (Kondo, Watson & Gavrilov-Zimin, 2022)
Biology: The female are parthenogenetic and ovoviviparous. Develops multiple generations per year; in Florida females mature in 50-70 days (Fredrick, 1943); in Queensland, Australia it develops 3-4 generations per year (Smith et al., 1997). De Lotto (1960) observed in East Africa that this species occurs in coastal areas and up to an altitude of 1 - 1.3 km. Kohler (1976, 1978) studied the life history in Cuba, observing males at low frequency that was correlated with population density.
Economic Importance: A serious pest of coffee, citrus and other crops in several regions in the tropics. A major citrus pest in Bolivia, less significant in other South American and South East Asian countries (Talhouk, 1975). Biology and pest status on coffee presented by Le Pelley (1968). Natural enemies on coffee in Cuba were studied by Kohler (1980). Coccus viridis has proved to be a damaging pest of ornamental plants at The Eden Project i Great Britain and this is undoubtedly linked with the high population levels of the ant T. albipes. (Malumphy & Treseder, 2012)
General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Zimmerman (1948), De Lotto (1960, 1978), Gill et al. (1977), Wang (1980), Tao et al. (1983), Hamon & Williams (1984), Williams & Watson (1990), Tang (1991), Kosztarab (1996) and by Granara de Willink et al. (2010).

Illustrations

Citations

AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 29
AbrahaMa1958: distribution, host, 268
Aitken1985: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 1-5
AlShamQu2024: natural enemies, 1-3
Ali1971: distribution, host, 28-29
Almeid1973b: distribution, host, 3
AlmeidPeMa2018: distribution, host, 355
AvasthSh1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 345-346
Balach1957c: distribution, host, 206
Ballou1915: distribution, host, 121
Ballou1926: catalog, distribution, host, 20-22
Bannon1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 38
Bartle1978: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 73-74
Beards1966: distribution, host, taxonomy, 483,487
Beatty1944: distribution, host, 114-172
BenDov1993: catalog, 91-93
BertelBa1966: distribution, host, 17-46
Blumbe1997: ecology, life history, 225-236
Bodkin1922: distribution, host,
CaballRa2018: distribution, 2
CamachCh2015: distribution, ecology, host, natural enemies, 1, 7, 12, 14
CampWi1932: chemical control, 483-486
CaoWaHo2022: key, 126
CarvalAg1997: description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 168-170
CarvalFrAg1996: distribution, host, 614
Castel1963: distribution, host, 143-144,161
CaustoPeSi2006: distribution, 137
Chacko1978: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 265-268
ChackoKrAn1978: biological control, 14-19
Chiu1979: biological control, distribution, host, 297-303
ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
ChoiSoLe2018: diagnosis, economic importance, host, illustration, 33-34
Cocker1896b: distribution, 332
Cocker1897s: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 384
Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 394
CockerRo1915a: distribution, host, 428
ColemaKa1918: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 4-12
CorseuBa1971: distribution, host,
CouturMaRi1985: distribution, host, 275
CouturQuGo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 126
CulikMaVe2007: distribution, host, 1-5
DanzigKo1990: distribution, host, 44
DeLott1957c: distribution, host, 313
DeLott1959: distribution, key, taxonomy, 152, 154, 172
DeLott1960: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 397-399
DeLott1978: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 140-141
DekleFa2001: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 253
DengYuWa2021: illustration, symbionts, 4
DixLuMoKu2019: distribution, host,
DoaneFe1916: distribution, host, 399
DubeyKaJo2022: distribution, host, key, 510, 513
Dulong1971: distribution, host, 791
Dumble1954: distribution, host,
EFSA2022b: distribution, host, 17
EaswarJa1985: biological control, 136-140
EaswarJa1985a: 154-162
EaswarJa1985b: biological control, chemical control, 189-194
Esaki1940a: distribution, host, 274-280
Fennah1960: distribution, ecology, life history, 84-86
Fernal1903b: 174
Fernan1987a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 34-35
FernanPiFe2012: description, ecology, host, 333-341
FernanPiSe2008: biological control, distribution, host, 11-16
Flande1951b: biological control, 93-98
Follet1999: control, distribution, economic importance, 213-217
FornazMaWi2017: distribution, host, 3086
FrancoCaMo2003: distribution, economic importance, host, 95-105
FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 5,22
FrohliRo1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-10
GangaVSwDa2014: entomopathogenic fungi,
Gavril2013: distribution, 79
Gavril2017b: distribution, 145
Gavril2018: reproduction, 230
Gavril2020: cytogenetics, distribution, reproduction, 346
GermaiDeLa2016: distribution, host, 2
GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, 22
GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
GillNaWi1977: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 37-41
GithaeOnNd2020: ant association,
GithaeOnNd2021: distribution, host, 81
GomesC1949: distribution, host,
Goot1928: distribution, host, 1
GranarPiFe2010: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 397-399
Greath1971: biological control, distribution, host,
Green1889: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 248
Green1896: distribution, host, 8
Green1904d: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 199-203
Green1907: distribution, 201
Green1916a: distribution, host, 375
Green1930c: distribution, host, 281
Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 299
Gross1993: life history, 251-273
Guille1985: distribution, economic importance, host, 20
Hall1924a: distribution, host, 26
Hall1969: economic importance, 823-826
HamonWi1984: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 48-51
HansenHaCh1991: chemical control, economic importance, 532-536
HaraYaJa2002: chemical control, economic importance, 349-358
Hempel1900a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 434-435
HernanNiMa2011: host, 379-380
HodgsoHi1990: distribution, host, 3,6,9,12-15,17,19,21
HodgsoHi1991: distribution, host, 136
HodgsoLa2011: distribution, host, 20
Hollin2000: economic importance, 15-17
HuHeWa1992: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 185-186
Iherin1897: distribution, host, 407
IversoBuPe2021: ant association, natural enemies,
Jansen1995: distribution, host, 134,141
JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 23,32
Jayara1985: biological control, 1-5
JhaVaIv2009: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 183-189
KakotiDeRo2022: biology, distribution, host, list, 7
Kalsho1981: description, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, 162
Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 143
Kawai1987: distribution, host, 77
KawaiMaUm1971: distribution, economic importance, host, 16
KhaladBoMa2024: distribution, species richness, survey,
Kohler1976: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 471-477
Kohler1978: description, distribution, ecology, host, life history, physiology, taxonomy, 561-572
Kohler1980: biological control, distribution, host, 75-103
Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 41
Kondo2010: distribution, host, 41-44
Kondo2013: distribution, host, 46
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 10
KondoWaGa2022: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, 255-256
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 77
KumarRe2004: chemical control, 5-7
KumarRe2006: chemical control, distribution, host, 73-75
KumarRe2007: chemical control, 131-134
LagowsGoHo2022: distribution, host, list, 8
LagowsHo2019: key, 382-384
Laing1927: distribution, host, 38
Laing1928: distribution, host, taxonomy,
LePell1968: distribution, economic importance, host,
Leefma1929: distribution, host, 1
LeonKo2017: biological control, chemical control, diagnosis, host, illustration, natural enemies, 73-74
LinKoGu2013: distribution, host, molecular data, phylogeny, taxonomy, 251-252, 258
LincanHoCa2010: distribution, host, 4
Lindin1913: distribution, host, 83
Malump2012b: distribution, host, 210,212
Malump2014a: distribution, host, 72
MalumpTr2012: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 217-226
Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 152
Mamet1949: catalog, 25
Mamet1950: distribution, host, 21
Mamet1951: distribution, host, 224
Mamet1954: distribution, host, 13
Mamet1957: distribution, host, 374
Mamet1959a: distribution, host, 376
Mamet1978: distribution, host, 105
ManiGaKr2008: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 721-725
ManiKr1998: biological control, distribution, host, 210-212
MaricoMuId1974: chemical control, 6-11
MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, 35
MartinSoMe2015: ant association, entomopathogenic fungi,
Martor1976: distribution, host, 53-241
Matile1978: distribution, host, 43
MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 165
MatileNo1984: distribution, host, 63
MestreHaEv2011: distribution, host, 6-7
MestreHoHa2015: distribution, host, 7
MestreKo2018: distribution, 5
Meurge2011: distribution, 80
MifsudFsMa2012: natural enemies, 17
MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, natural enemies, 133
Miller1996: catalog, distribution, 70
MirandMa2020: chemical control,
MohammGh2008: distribution, 149
MohammMo2013: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 147, 154
Morris1920: distribution, host, taxonomy, 190, 192
MumaSeDe1961: biological control, 1-39
Murphy1997: biological control, distribution, host, 367-380
MyartsRu2000: biological control, distribution, 7-33
MyartsRu2011: biological control, 65-72
MyartsRuCo2004: natural enemies, 143
MyartsRuCo2016a: natural enemies, 781
Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, 391
Nakaha1983: distribution, host, 4
NakahaMi1981: distribution, 30
Naraya1985: biological control, distribution, host, 90-101
NeumanFoHo2010: biological control, 107-113
Newste1906a: taxonomy, 74
Newste1917b: distribution, host, 130
Noyes1988b: biological control, 131-134
PadillMaNa2016: distribution, host, 554
PandeyDeVa2021: biological control, entomopathogenic fungi,
PellizPo2014: distribution, host, 4
PerezG2008: distribution, 212
Petch1921: biological control, 18-40
Poole2005: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-2
PuttarCh1953a: biological control, 87-95
QuezadCoDi1972: distribution, host, 19-20
RahimOh2019: distribution, 49
Ramakr1919: distribution, host, 625
Ramakr1919a: distribution, host, 37
Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 349
Ramakr1930: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 49
Reboul1976: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
ReddyKu1998: biological control, economic importance,
Remill1988: distribution, host, 55-56
Reyne1961: distribution, host, 124
RiveraHaJi2018: ant association, biological control, 26-31
Robins1917: distribution, host, taxonomy, 16
RodrigCa2012: ecology, 35
RosadoBaMa2014: biological control, ecology, economic importance, host, life history, 190-202
RosenbSaSa2012: ecology, molecular data, physiology, 2357-2368
RuizOrTaFi2023: disease transmission, distribution, host,
SamuelVeCh1981: chemical control, 126-128
Sankar1988: biological control, 151-158
SankovRiMa2024: ant association, 82
Schmut1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 147-148,189-192
Schmut1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 236-237
SchmutPiKl1978: distribution, economic importance, host, 329
Seabra1921: distribution, host, 97
Seabra1925: distribution, host, 36-37
Sekhar1964: distribution, economic importance, host, 72
SenthiRe2005: economic importance, 82-87
ShafeeYoKh1989: distribution, host, 51
Simant1962a: biological control, distribution, host, 105-112
Simant1973: economic importance,
Simmon1957: catalog, distribution, host, 8
SmithBeBr1997: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 41-43
SouzaHoAl2023: distribution, host, natural enemies, 3
Sriniv1987: biological control, distribution, host, 122-123
Suh2023: distribution, host, 5
SuhBo2015: distribution, host, list, 2
Takaha1928: distribution, host, 341
Takaha1929: distribution, host, 51
Takaha1936c: distribution, host, 116
Takaha1939b: distribution, host, 262
Takaha1941b: distribution, host, 218
Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 17
Takaha1942d: distribution, host, 353
Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 96-98
Tao1978: distribution, host, 81
Tao1989: catalog, distribution, host, 59
Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 55
TaoWoCh1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 67-68
ThistlVa1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 3-15
TrindaNaMu2016: distribution, host, 162
TurgutUl2007: ant association, 314
VaidyaVa2021: ant association, ecology,
VanHarCoWi1990: distribution, host, 134
VandenIvLi2018: ant association, illustration, natural enemies, 113-122
VanderAmMo2019: ant association, ecology, 978-984
VanderArMo2021: ecology, natural enemies,
VanderPe2006: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 1000-1002
Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 87-88
VarshnMo1987: distribution, host, 174
Vayssi1913: distribution, host, 430
Vernal1953: distribution, host, 132
VeseyF1941: biological control, distribution, host, 161
VieiraCaPi1983: distribution, host, 97-98
WalkerWaEv1974: distribution, host, 12
Wang1980: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 29-30
WangFe2012a: taxonomy, 61
Waterh1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 156-171
Watson2021: distribution, 521
WatsonOoGi1995: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 55
Willia1985b: distribution, host, 53
Willia2001: distribution, 225-227
Willia2010: distribution, host, 144-152
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 216
WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 11,47,48
WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 96-99
WilliaWi1988: distribution, host, 56
WolffKoPe2016: distribution, host, key, 274-275
WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 13,51
Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 170,191
Zimmer1948: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 311,314-315,318