Valid Names Results

Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana, 1914) (Coccidae: Coccus)

Nomenclatural History

Lecanium (Eulecanium) pseudomagnoliarum Kuwana 1914: 7. Type data: JAPAN: Tokyo and Shizuoka, on Citrus.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Ibaraki-ken: Insect Taxonomy Laboratory, National Institute of Agricultural Environmental Sciences, Kannon-dai, Yatabe, Tsukuba-shi, (Kuwana), Japan; accepted valid name
Coccus citricola Campbell 1914: 222. Type data: U.S.A.: California, Claremont, on Citrus sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Clause1923, 225).
Lecanium pseudomagnoliarum Kuwana, 1914; Sasscer 1915: 32. change of combination
Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana, 1914); Clausen 1923: 225. change of combination
Coccus aegaeus De Lotto 1973a: 291. Type data: TURKEY: Izmir, on Citrus sp.. Holotype, female, Type depository: Pretoria: South African National Collection of Insects, South Africa; junior synonym (discovered by Tranfa1976, 129).
Coccus psuedomagnoliarum (Kuwana, 1914); Bartlet 1978: 61. Type depository: Paris: Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, France; misspelling of species epithet
Coccus magnoliarum (Kuwana, 1914); Williams, D.J. 2017a: 208. misspelling of species epithet

Common Names

citricola scale Gill1988 GillNaWi1977
grey citrus scale BenDov1993
Cochinilla blanda de los cítricos KondoWaGa2022

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 15 | Genera: 18

Apocynaceae

Nerium oleander | UygunSeEr1998

Berberidaceae

Berberis | BatsanKaKi2017

Cannabaceae

Celtis | Barbag1974
Celtis australis | Marott1987
Celtis occidentalis | FetykoSzKo2013
Celtis sinensis | Dreist1996

Eulophidae

Tetrastichus | BasheeAsRa2014

Fabaceae

Acacia farnesiana | LazaroGoVa2022 | misspelled Acacia farmesiana

Juglandaceae

Juglans regia | BatsanKaKi2017

Lamiaceae

Clerodendrum trichotomum | ChoiLe2018

Lauraceae

Laurus nobilis | MarottTr1990

Lythraceae

Punica granatum | BatsanKaKi2017

Myrtaceae

Acca sellowiana | BatsanKaKi2017

Pinaceae

Pinus sylvestris | UlgentDo2019

Rhamnaceae

Rhamnus pallasii | BatsanKaKi2017

Rutaceae

Citrus | Argyri1983 ArgyriIo1975 Barbag1974 DeLott1973a SmithBeBr1997 Sassce1915 UygunSeEr1998
Citrus aurantium | BenDov1980 GillNaWi1977 Marott1987
Citrus deliciosa | ArgyriIo1975 Marott1987
Citrus limon | ArgyriIo1975 BenDov1980 Marott1987
Citrus paradisi | MastenMaSi2017
Citrus reticulata | BatsanKaKi2017 | including citrus reticulata x sinensis (=Citrus nobilis)
Citrus sinensis | ArgyriIo1975 Barbag1974 BarbagPa1997 StathaKa2020
Citrus trifoliata | BatsanKaKi2017 GillNaWi1977 | (= Poncirus trifoliata)
Phellodendron amurense | ChoiLe2018
Tetradium ruticarpum | Takaha1955b | (= Evodia rutaecarpa, Evodia ruticarpa)

Tamaricaceae

Tamarix | BatsanKaKi2017

Ulmaceae

Ulmus | Barbag1974
Zelkova serrata | Takaha1955b

Foes:

Families: 9 | Genera: 20

Anthocoridae

Cardiastethus | UlgentSzUy2013

Aphelinidae

Coccophagus | BasheeAsRa2014
Coccophagus caridei | KondoWaGa2022
Coccophagus ceroplastae | Bartle1978 | (= Aneristus ceroplastae)
Coccophagus eleaphilus | KondoWaGa2022
Coccophagus hawaiiensis | Bartle1978
Coccophagus ishiii | KondoWaGa2022
Coccophagus japonicus | Bartle1978
Coccophagus lycimnia | BasheeAsRa2014 BernalLuMo2001
Coccophagus nigritus | KondoWaGa2022
Coccophagus piceae | DervisStMi2024
Coccophagus pulvinariae | MyartsRu2011
Coccophagus scutellaris | MyartsRu2011
Coccophagus shillongensis | DervisStGr2021 JaposhSt2017
Coccophagus yoshidae | Bartle1978 | (= Coccophagus yoshidai)
Encarsia citrina | BernalLuMo2001 | (= Encarsia citrinus)
Marietta | BernalLuMo2001
Marietta leopardina | KondoWaGa2022
Marietta mexicana | KondoWaGa2022

Coccinellidae

Scymnus subvillosus | UlgentSzUy2013

Encyrtidae

Anicetus annulatus | Bartle1978
Aphycus | BasheeAsRa2014
Cerapterocerus mirabilis | KondoWaGa2022
Cheiloneurus claviger | DervisStMi2024
Diversinervus elegans | MyartsRu2011
Encyrtus | BasheeAsRa2014
Encyrtus aurantii | BernalLuMo2001 MyartsRu2011 | (= Encyrtus lecaniorum)
Metaphycus | BasheeAsRa2014
Metaphycus angustifrons | KondoWaGa2022
Metaphycus citrinus | KondoWaGa2022
Metaphycus dispar | StathaKa2020
Metaphycus flavus | SengonUyKa1998
Metaphycus gilvus | KondoWaGa2022
Metaphycus helvolus | BasheeAsRa2014 BernalLuMo2001
Metaphycus lichtensiae | KondoWaGa2022
Metaphycus lounsburyi | GuerriNo2000
Metaphycus luteolus | BernalLuMo2001 Blumbe1997
Metaphycus melanostomatus | KondoWaGa2022
Metaphycus orientalis | Bartle1978
Metaphycus punctipes | KondoWaGa2022
Metaphycus stanleyi | MyartsRu2011
Microterys japonicus | KondoWaGa2022
Microterys nietneri | BasheeAsRa2014 MyartsRu2011
Microterys okitsuensis | Bartle1978
Microterys tricoloricornis | KondoWaGa2022
Trichomasthus albimanus | KondoWaGa2022

Eulophidae

Baryscapus | BasheeAsRa2014
Dzhanokmenia kozlovi | BasheeAsRa2014

Heterorhabditidae

Heterorhabditis bacteriophora | GrujicGrNj2021

Pteromalidae

Pachyneuron muscarum | KondoWaGa2022

Pyralidae

Laetilia coccidivora | LazaroGoVa2022

Steinernematidae

Steinernema carpocapsae | GrujicGrNj2021
Steinernema feltiae | GrujicGrNj2021

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 24

Algeria | KhaladGu2019

Australia

Victoria | SmithBeBr1997

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan SSR | BenDov1993

China | KondoWaGa2022

Croatia | Masten2007 MastenMaSi2017

Cyprus | SismanUl2010

France | BenDov1980 FoldiGe2018

Georgia (Republic of) | BenDov1993

Greece | Argyri1983 ArgyriIo1975 BenDov1993 DeLott1973a

Hungary | FetykoSzKo2013

Iran | BenDov1993 Kaussa1957 KozarFoZa1996 Moghad2013a

Israel | BenDov1980 BenDov1993

Italy | Barbag1974 Marott1987

Sicily | Barbag1974 BarbagPa1997 Marott1987 Patti1976

Japan | BenDov1993 Kuwana1917 Sassce1915

Russia

Krasnodar Kray | BenDov1993

Serbia | DervisStGr2021

Slovenia | Seljak2008 Seljak2010

South Korea | BenDov1993 ESKSAE1994

Spain | TenaGa2008

Syria | BasheeAsRa2014

Tunisia | ElimemJeLa2022

Turkey | DeLott1973a KaydanUlEr2007 UygunSeEr1998

Turkmenistan | Bustsh1960 Potaev1993

United States

Arizona | BenDov1993
California | BenDov1993 Ferris1920b Sassce1915
Maryland | BenDov1993

Keys

CaoWaHo2022: pp.126 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccus species in China]
ChoiLe2018: pp.122-123 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccus in Korea]
WangFe2012a: pp.61 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to adult female Coccus known from China]
Koszta1996: pp.337 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North America]
Gill1988: pp.26 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, California]
Kawai1980: pp.141-142 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
Borchs1957: pp.294 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic region]

Remarks

Systematics: Subfamily: Coccinae A, Coccini (Choi & Lee, 2019) Coccus pseudomagnoliarum is similar to C. gymnospori (Green) and C. hesperidum but differs in lacking submarginal tubercles and tibio-tarsal articulatory scleroses (which are present in the latter 2 species). (Kondo, Watson & Gavrilov-Zimin, 2022)
Structure: Adult female elongate oval, slightly convex, up to 7 mm long; dorsum of young female grey with dark brown mottling, while dark grey in older ones. In life greenish or greyish, with light or dark yellow mottling; dermal areolations present; dorsal tubercles absent; dorsal tubular ducts absent; dorsal setae with sharply pointed apices; marginal setae with simple pointed or spatulate apices; multilocular disc-pores usually with 6–10 loculi; ventral tubular ducts with a narrow inner ductule, few present on submaginal area of posterior abdomen; antennae each 8-segmented; legs without tibio-tarsal articulatory scleroses. (Choi & Lee, 2018) Color photograph in Kawai (1980, Figs. 6.13, a,b,c), Gill (1988), Tranfaglia & Viggiani (1988) Katsoyannos (1996).
Biology: Develops one annual generation in California (Quayle, 1915), Israel (Ben-Dov, 1980), Greece (Argyriou & Ioanides, 1975), Australia (Smith et al., 1997). Females reproduce parthenogenetically. Usually found on leaf undersides along midveins and twigs. (Kondo, Watson & Gavrilov-Zimin, 2022)
Economic Importance: Natural enemies listed by Borchsenius (1957). Has been a serious pest, in the early 1900's, of citrus in USA, Arizona and California (Quayle, 1938; Ebeling, 1959; Kennett, 1988). But became less injurious in the 1940's following the application of DDT and other synthetic insecticides. It economic importance increased during the 1980's - 1990's, because these insecticides lost effectiveness (Trumble et al. 1995). Kennett (1988) reported on exploration for parasitoids in Japan. Dreistadt (1996) studied the scale during 1991-1994 in USA, California and found that its populations increased in comparison to previous years; the citricola scale was 5-25 times more abundant than Parthenolecanium corni, P. pruinosum and P. cerasorum; three control measures of the citricola scale were evaluated. Trumble et al. (1995) has developed in USA, California a binomial (presence-absence) sampling plan, which was validated for infestations of the citricola scale on orange trees. A minor pest of citrus in Israel (Ben-Dov, 1980), Italy (Longo & Russo, 1986) and Australia (Smith et al., 1997). Rugman, et al. (2010) presents a simple, quick and accurate method to identify any life stage of the ten major parasitoids of soft scales in California citrus, based on amplification of ribosomal DNA, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
General Remarks: Description and illustration of the adult female given by De Lotto (1973a) (as C. aegaeus), Tranfaglia (1974) (as C. aegaeus), Gill et al. (1977), Gill (1988) and by Kosztarab (1996). Description of the adult female, first-instar nymph and female second-instar nymph given by Borchsenius (1957).

Illustrations

Citations

Argyri1983: distribution, host, 365
ArgyriIo1975: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 161-162
Barbag1974: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 137
BarbagPa1997: chemical control, distribution, host, 57-62
Bartle1959: biological control, 1-2
Bartle1969: biological control, 875-878
Bartle1978: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 61-62
BartleBa1966: biological control, life history, physiology, 42-45
BasheeAsRa2014: biological control, distribution, host, 48-52
BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 254
BenDov1980: distribution, host, 262-263
BenDov1993: catalog, 87
BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 26, 44
BennetRoCo1976: biological control, economic importance, 359-395
BernalLuMo1999: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 191-204
BernalLuMo1999a: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 1099-1107
BernalLuMo2001: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 210-221
Blumbe1997: biological control, ecology, 225-236
Borchs1950b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 144-146
Borchs1957: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 301-304
Boyce1948: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
Brann1919: chemical control, distribution, host, 104-107
Bustsh1960: distribution, host, 170
CamachCh2015: biological control, control, distribution, ecology, host, 4, 7, 11, 14
CaoWaHo2022: key, 126
CarmanElEw1954: chemical control, host, 1-11
CarmanEw1950: biological control, distribution, host, 15A-16A
CarmanEwJe1951: chemical control, host, 1-16
CarmanEwJe1956: chemical control,
CarmanEwJe1957: chemical control,
CarmanEwJe1958: chemical control,
CarmanEwJe1959: chemical control,
CarmanEwJe1960: chemical control,
CarmanEwJe1961: chemical control,
CarmanEwJe1962: chemical control,
CarmanEwJe1976: control, distribution, host, 14-68
CebeciSe2004: distribution, host, 209-210
Cendan1937: biological control, 337-339
ChoiLe2018: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, 132-133
ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
ChuecaGrMo2009: chemical control, distribution, host, 296-303
Clause1923: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 225-226
Comper1924: biological control, 13-23
Comper1961a: biological control, 17-71
ComperAn1961: biological control, distribution, host, 17
Danzig1972: distribution, host, 200-201
DeBach1949a: biological control, life history, 7
DeLott1973a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 291-293
Delucc1975: distribution, ecology, host, life history,
DervisStGr2021: distribution, host, 1
DervisStMi2024: natural enemies, 3,18, 20,22,24
DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 113
Dreist1996: chemical control, distribution, host, 481-487
DreistClFl1994: control, description, economic importance, life history, taxonomy,
Dzhash1970: distribution, host, taxonomy, 180-181
ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 111
EhlerEn1984: biological control, chemical control, distribution, 1-47
ElimemJeLa2022: distribution, host, illustration, natural enemies,
ElmerEwCa1951: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 593-597
Ewart1969: chemical control, 879-880
EwartCa1951: chemical control, distribution, host, 1-10
EwartCaJe1952: chemical control, host, 1-6
EwartCaJe1953: chemical control, host, 1-7
EwartCaJe1954: chemical control, 1-11
EwartEl1953a: distribution, economic importance, host, 352
EwartElGu1951: chemical control, 598-603
EwartMe1956: chemistry, 441-447
Ferris1920b: distribution, host, 36
FetykoSzKo2013: distribution, host, illustration,
Flande1951b: biological control, 93-98
Flande1959b: biological control, 125-142
FlandeBa1964: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 320-322
FlandeBa1964a: biological control, distribution, host, 39-42
FlintVa1981: biological control, 1
FoldiGe2018: distribution, 8
Gavril2018: reproduction, 230
Gill1988: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 29-30,34
GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
GillNaWi1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 33-37
GraftoGuDa2022: economic importance, life history,
GraftoLeSt2006: biological control, chemical control, 733-744
GrujicGrNj2021: biological control, natural enemies,
Hadzib1983: biological control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 129-130
HoffmaRiSh1998: biological control, 268-293
JaposhBaKi2020: distribution, host, 62
JaposhSt2017: distribution, host, natural enemies, 651-653
Jeppso1969: chemical control, economic importance, physiology, 917-921
KansuUy1979: biological control, distribution, host, 565-567
KapranTe2015: illustration, natural enemies, 196
Katsoy1996: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 15,20-21,81-83
Kaussa1957: distribution, host, 2
Kawai1972: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 11
Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 144-145
KaydanUlEr2007: catalog, distribution, host, 91
Kennet1988: biological control, distribution, host, 445-447
KhaladGu2019: distribution, ecology,
Kiritc1932a: 252
Kobakh1965: biological control, 323-330
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 10
KondoWaGa2022: control, diagnosis, distribution, natural enemies, taxonomy, 253-254
KozarFoZa1996: distribution, host, 65
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 77
Kuwana1914: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 7
Kuwana1917: distribution, host, taxonomy, 22-24
LazaroGoVa2022: distribution, host, illustration, natural enemies,
LinKoGu2013: distribution, host, molecular data, phylogeny, taxonomy, 251-252, 258
LongoMaPe1995: distribution, host, 122
LongoRu1986: distribution, economic importance, host, 41
Marott1987: distribution, host, life history, 101
MarottTr1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 110
Masten2007: distribution, host, taxonomy, 1-242
MastenMaSi2017: economic importance, host, illustration,
MetcalMe1993: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
MifsudFsMa2012: natural enemies, 17
Miller1996: catalog, distribution, 70
Moghad2013a: ecology, host, 9
MyartsRu2011: biological control, 65-72
NRC1969: biological control, chemical control, ecology, economic importance, taxonomy,
Oncuer1974: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 6-18
OuyangChSc2010: chemical control, distribution, host, 1400-1404
Paik1978: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy,
Patti1976: distribution, host, 301-306
PellizChMi2015: distribution, 60,72
Perkin1982: biological control, chemical control, economic importance, 5
Potaev1993: distribution, host, 35, 37
Quayle1915: chemical control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 405-421
Quayle1917: taxonomy, 373-376
RiehlBrMc1980: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 319
RugmanFoGu2010: biological control, distribution, 265-275
RzaevaYa1985: biological control, 55-58
Sailer1983: distribution, economic importance, 15-38
SalehBa2023: natural enemies,
Sassce1915: distribution, host, taxonomy, 31,32
SchweiLuMo2003: biological control, distribution, host, 1375-1387
Scott1933: biological control, distribution, host, 298-299
Seljak2008: distribution, host, 121-127
Seljak2010: distribution, host, 104
SengonUyKa1998: biological control, distribution, host, 128-131
SismanUl2010: distribution, host, 219-224
SmithBeBr1997: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 39-41
StathaKa2020: biology, illustration, natural enemies, phenology,
Steinw1930: description, illustration, taxonomy, 563-564
Suh2020: distribution, host, 5
Takaha1955a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 70
Tang1991: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 95-96
Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 55
TenaGa2008: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 341-347
Tranfa1974a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 141-144
Tranfa1976: distribution, host, 129
TranfaVi1988: control, description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 18
Trembl1988a: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 232-233
TrumblGrBr1995: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 897-902
TurgutUl2007: ant association, 314
UedaQuIt2008: distribution, molecular data, taxonomy, 2319-2326
Ulgent2003: structure, 393-398
UlgentCa2004: distribution, host, 79-84
UlgentDo2019: distribution, host, 483
UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S116
UygunSeEr1998: distribution, host, 183-191
WangFe2012a: taxonomy, 61
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 208, 213
WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 7,16,39
Woglum1922: distribution, economic importance, host, 400,417
Woglum1923: chemical control, distribution, host, 1-59
Woglum1925a: chemical control, 2
Woglum1942a: biological control, distribution, host, 155
Woglum1946: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 1-2
WoglumLaLa1947: biological control, chemical control, distribution, host, 818-820
Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 170,191