Valid Names Results

Leucaspis pusilla Löw, 1883 (Diaspididae: Leucaspis)

Nomenclatural History

Leucaspis pusilla Löw 1883: 5-Mar. Type data: AUSTRIA: on Pinus silvestris. Unknown type status, female, accepted valid name
Leucaspis leonardi Coleman 1903: 84. nomen nudum (discovered by Green1914, 461).
Leucaspis (Euleucaspis) pusilla Löw, 1883; Lindinger 1906: 27. change of combination
Actenaspis pusilla (Löw, 1883); Leonardi 1906b: 26. change of combination
Leucaspis leonardii Löw, 1883; Lindinger 1907: 19. misspelling of species epithet
Leucodiaspis pusilla (Löw, 1883); Lindinger 1909b: 148. change of combination Notes: Kirkaldy (1904a) considered Leucaspis Signoret 1869 preoccupied by Leucaspis Burmeister, 1835, in the Hymenoptera and suggested that the Signoret name be replaced with Leucodiaspis. Ferris (1936a) rejected this, considering it unnecessary (Morrison & Morrison, 1966).
Leucaspis perezi Green 1915: 463-465. Type data: CANARY ISLANDS: Teneriffe, Santa Ursula, on Pinus halepensis and P. canariensis, by Dr. Perez.. Syntypes, female, by subsequent designation Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Lindin1932f, 203). Illustr.
Diaspis perezi (Green, 1915); Lindinger 1932f: 201. change of combination Notes: Borchsenius (1966: 377) treats Diaspis perezi Lindinger as a nomen nudum. However, Green (1915) properly described the species and Lindinger's treatment appears to be just a change in combination.
Pusillaspis pusilla (Löw, 1883); Lindinger 1957: 551. change of combination Notes: This genus name was proposed for an uncharacterized subdivision of a "sektion" of the genus Leucaspis Targioni Tozzetti. It was established as a definite subgenus with pusilla Löw designated as type by MacGillivray. Ferris, (1936a:23-24) and Balachowsky, (1953g: 860), considered the type species to be a Leucaspis (Morrison & Morrison, 1966).
Lecaspis pisulla Aligeydar 2016. misspelling of both genus and species names

Common Names

pine scale MillerDa1990
small pine scale DanzigPe1998

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 2 | Genera: 4

Aphelinidae

Encarsia intermedia | KosztaKo1988F

Pinaceae

Abies alba | Colema1903 | (= Pinus picea)
Cedrus | Balach1953g
Cedrus atlantica | Balach1927 | (= Cedrus libanotica atlantica)
Pinus | Borchs1934 Britti1937 Pelliz1976
Pinus ayacahuite | BatsanKaKi2017
Pinus brutia | BenDov2012 Bodenh1943 Borchs1934 CaliskUl2017 | including subsp. elderica (= Pinus pithyusa)
Pinus canariensis | BenDov2012 Borg1932 Green1915
Pinus devoniana | Bodenh1949 | (= Pinus filifolia)
Pinus halepensis | Balach1933e BenDov2012 Bodenh1953 Lindin1909b PellizPoSe2011 | (= Pinus carica)(= Pinus maritima)
Pinus mugo | BognarVi1979 Pelliz1976
Pinus nigra | Bodenh1949 Korone1934 Lindin1909b Malump2011a | including ssp. laricio and ssp. salzmannii (= Pinus laricio) (= Pinus austriaca)
Pinus palustris | BicheArMe2022 | (= Pinus longifolia)
Pinus pinaster | Bodenh1949 LepineMi1931 Lindin1909b | (= P. maritima)(= Pinus monspeliensis)
Pinus pinea | Bodenh1924 SzitaFeBe2017
Pinus ponderosa | UlgentDo2019
Pinus radiata | BenDov2012 GersonHaSh1976 LepineMi1931 | (= LepineMi1931)
Pinus roxburghii | Balach1927 UlgentDo2019 | (= Pinus longifolia)
Pinus strobus | UlgentDo2019
Pinus sylvestris | BatsanKaKi2017 Low1883 Pelliz1976 | (= Pinus montana)

Foes:

Families: 5 | Genera: 11

Aphelinidae

Ablerus | UlgentErKa2008
Ablerus atomon | NikolsYa1966 | (= Azotus atomon)
Ablerus pinifoliae | HertinSi1972 | (= Azotus pinifoliae)
Aphelinus | Fulmek1943
Aphytis aonidiae | HertinSi1972
Aphytis mytilaspidis | NikolsYa1966
Coccophagoides | UlgentErKa2008
Diaspiniphagus moeris | KosztaKo1988F | (= Diaspiniphagus similis)(= Coccophagoides similis)
Encarsia | Balach1953g HertinSi1972 | (= Prospaltella)
Encarsia citrina | HuangPo1998 NikolsYa1966 | (= Aspidiotiphagus citrinus)
Encarsia leucaspidis | Garcia1931a Viggia1987 | (= Prospaltella leucaspidis)

Chamaemyiidae

Leucopis | HertinSi1972

Cybocephalidae

Cybocephalus | BelgueBiBe2017

Encyrtidae

Anthemus ledaspidis | HertinSi1972
Anthemus pini | KosztaKo1988F
Parasauleia trjapitzini | KosztaKo1988F

Mymaridae

Alaptus | HertinSi1972

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 36

Albania | Pelliz1976

Algeria | DanzigPe1998

Argentina | Lizery1938

Austria | Low1883 Malump2011a

Azerbaijan | Aligey2016

Azores | BenDovSoBo2012 FrancoRuMa2011

Bulgaria | TrenchTo2014 Tsalev1968

Canary Islands | Green1915 MatileOr2001

Corsica | Balach1931a

Crete | JansenBeKa2011 PellizPoSe2011

Croatia | MastenSi2008

Cyprus | Georgh1977

Czechoslovakia | KosztaKo1988F

Egypt | AbdRabEv2021 Hall1922 Hall1923 Newste1907a

France | Foldi2001 Lindin1909b

Georgia (Republic of) | BatsanKaKi2017 Hadzib1941

Germany | SchmutHo2016

Greece | Bodenh1928

Hungary | KozarOrKo1977

Iran | Kaussa1955 KozarFoZa1996

Iraq | Bodenh1943

Israel | BenDov2012 Bodenh1924

Italy | Colema1903 LongoMaPe1995 MatilePe2002

Sicily | Balach1953g LongoMaPe1995

Madeira Islands | Balach1938a FrancoRuMa2011

Malta | Borg1932 MifsudMaRu2014

Morocco | LepineMi1931

Poland | DanzigPe1998

Portugal | Balach1953g FrancoRuMa2011

Romania | KosztaKo1988F Teodor2018

Sardinia | Paoli1915 PellizFo1996

Spain | Balach1953g SoriaMoVi2000

Switzerland | KozarHi1996

Syria | Balach1953g

Turkey | Bodenh1949 KaymakYa2017

Ukraine

Krym (=Crimea) Oblast | Balach1953g

Yugoslavia | DanzigPe1998

Keys

MoghadWa2021: pp.160 ( Adult (F) ) [Leucaspis in Iran]
KosztaKo1988F: pp.356 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Leucaspis]
Danzig1971d: pp.840 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of the family Diaspididae]
Ezzat1958: pp.248 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Egyptian species of Leucaspis]
Balach1953g: pp.846 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Leucaspis]
Britti1937: pp.285 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Leucaspis]
Balach1928a: pp.135 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Leucaspis in North Africa]
Lindin1906: pp.27 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Leucaspis Euleucaspis] Key as: Leucaspis Euleucaspis pusilla

Remarks

Systematics: GenBank accession numbers DQ145357 and DQ145469 were previously determined to be Leucaspis pusilla, but the specimen cannot be identified based on morphology, so it is currently "undet. sp." and based on the DNA sequence is likely Rhizaspidiotus donacis. (Normark, et al., 2019) Lindinger (1932f) states that Diaspis perezi is a Green manuscript name and that it is synonymous with Leucodiaspis pusilla.
Structure: Female scale elongate, narrow, secretion white. Male scale similar, but smaller. Adult female elongate, widest below middle (Brittin, 1937). Slide-mounted adult female elongate, venter of thorax spiculate. Antennae each with 3 or 4 setae. Anterior spiracles each associated with 3 disc pores. Pygidium usually with 3 pairs of lobes, but lobes sometimes absent; usually lobes reduced, situated between long plates with fimbriate or simple apices; plates numbering 10–16 on each side. Dorsal ducts few, numbering 3 on each side of pygidium. Perivulvar disc pores present in 5 groups. (Moghaddam & Watson, 2021)
Biology: L. pusilla is a bisexual species with one generation per year that overwinters as adult females in Hungary (Kosztarab & Kozár, 1988).
Economic Importance: Miller & Davidson (1990) list this insect as a pest.

Illustrations

Citations

AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 35
Ali1970: catalog, taxonomy, 18
AndersWuGr2010: phylogeny, taxonomy, 996-1003
AvidovHa1969: distribution, host, 226
Bachma1953: distribution, host, 183
Badr2014: distribution, host, 51
Balach1927: distribution, host, 179-180
Balach1928a: distribution, host, structure, 135, 136
Balach1931a: distribution, host, 98
Balach1933e: distribution, host, 3
Balach1938a: distribution, host, 153
Balach1953g: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 846, 848, 860-864
BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 260
BelgueBiBe2017: biological control, natural enemies, 123, 127
BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 31, 43
BenDovSoBo2012: distribution, 68
BicheArMe2022: distribution, host, 509
Bodenh1924: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 58
Bodenh1928: distribution, host, 192
Bodenh1930a: distribution, 373
Bodenh1943: distribution, host, 10, 28
Bodenh1949: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 160, 167-169
Bodenh1953: distribution, host, structure, 51
BognarVi1979: distribution, host, 17
Borchs1934: distribution, host, 22
Borchs1937: distribution, taxonomy, 92
Borchs1949d: distribution, taxonomy, 200
Borchs1950b: distribution, taxonomy, 178
Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 213-214, 377
Borg1932: distribution, host, 11
Britti1937: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 283, 285, 292-293, 2
BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 300
Bustsh1958: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 185, 196-197
CaliskUl2017: distribution, host, taxonomy, 343
CarnerPe1986: distribution, host, taxonomy, 43-44
Chiesa1948: distribution, taxonomy, 442
Colema1903: distribution, host, 84
Danzig1964: distribution, taxonomy, 647
Danzig1971d: taxonomy, 840
DanzigPe1998: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 297-298
Efimof1937: distribution, host, 47, 99
Ezzat1958: distribution, taxonomy, 248
Fernal1903b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 245
Ferris1936a: illustration, taxonomy, 20, 32
Ferris1938a: taxonomy, SII-147
FetykoKoDa2010: distribution, 295
Foldi2000: distribution, host, 84
Foldi2001: distribution, economic importance, 306, 308
Foldi2003: distribution, 152
FoldiGe2018: distribution, 10
FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 13,24
Fulmek1943: biological control, catalog, 54
Garcia1930: biological control, 73
Garcia1931a: biological control, distribution, 665
Gavalo1929: distribution, host, 167
Gavalo1932: distribution, host, 140
Georgh1977: distribution, host, 151
Germai2011: distribution, economic importance, 31-34
Germai2011a: distribution, economic importance, 8
GersonHaSh1976: distribution, host, 44
GhabboMo1996: description, distribution, host, 350
GomezM1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 134, 138-142
GomezM1957: distribution, host, 49
GomezM1965: distribution, host, 95
GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 631
Green1915: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 461, 462, 463-465
Hadzib1941: distribution, host, 186
Hall1922: distribution, host, taxonomy, 41
Hall1923: distribution, economic importance, 50
Haywar1941: distribution, host, 85
HertinSi1972: biological control, 185
Hoke1925: physiology, 38
HuangPo1998: biological control, 1860
JansenBeKa2011: distribution, host, 484
JaposhBaKi2020: distribution, host, 65
Kaussa1955: distribution, host, 18
Kaussa1970: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 9
KaymakYa2017: distribution, host, taxonomy, 46
Kiritc1931: distribution, host, 321
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 17
Korone1934: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 42-43, 49
KosztaKo1978: distribution, host, taxonomy, 164
KosztaKo1988F: biological control, distribution, host, taxonomy, 356, 358-359
Kozar1980: distribution, host, 69
Kozar1985: distribution, 203
Kozar2009a: distribution, 583
KozarFoZa1996: distribution, 67
KozarHi1996: distribution, host, 95
KozarKiSa2004: distribution, 61
KozarKo2002b: distribution, 376
KozarOrKo1977: distribution, host, 74
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 85
KozarzMi1984: distribution, host, 406-407
Kuznet1966: distribution, host, 46-47
Kuznet1967: taxonomy, 221, 227-
Kuznet1971: distribution, host, 63
Leonar1903b: taxonomy, 15
Leonar1906b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 26-27
Leonar1907c: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 91-92
Leonar1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 117, 118-122
LepineMi1931: distribution, host, 248
Lindin1906: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 27, 44-46, 47
Lindin1907: taxonomy, 6
Lindin1907a: taxonomy, 19
Lindin1909b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 148, 224
Lindin1912b: taxonomy, 255
Lindin1932f: taxonomy, 201
Lindin1935: taxonomy, 140
Lindin1957: taxonomy, 550
Lizery1938: distribution, host, 344, 356
LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 127
LongoMaPe1999a: distribution, 145
Low1883: description, distribution, host, structure, 3
Lupo1944: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 207, 208, 216-222
Lupo1957a: taxonomy, 427
MacGil1921: distribution, host, taxonomy, 267
Malump2011a: distribution, host, illustration, 54,56-57
MalumpKa2011a: distribution, host, illustration, 54.57
MalumpRe2011: distribution, 72
Martin1983: distribution, host, 58
MastenSi2008: catalog, distribution, host, 105-119
MatileOr2001: distribution, 190
MatilePe2002: distribution, host, 357
MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, host, 511
MillerDa1990: economic importance, taxonomy, 303
MilonaKoKo2008a: distribution, 143-147
Moghad2004: distribution, host, 7
Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 40
MoghadWa2021: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 11, 160-162, 247
Morris1923: distribution, host, 125
MorseNo2006: phylogeny, taxonomy, 340,343
NikolsYa1966: biological control, 204, 237, 260, 277
NormarOkMi2019: phylogeny, 688
NormarOkMo2019: distribution, genebank, host, phylogeny, taxonomy, 25, 39, 78, S6
Paoli1915: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 257-259
Pelliz1976: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 3-8
Pelliz2011: distribution, 312
PellizChMi2015: distribution, 62,69
PellizFo1996: distribution, 122
PellizPoSe2011: distribution, host, 295,298
PerezGCa1985: distribution, 316
Pierce1917: economic importance, 73
Priore1964: distribution, host, illustration, life history, 165
RouhanVaMa2018a: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, 3, 10-11
Schmut1959: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 143, 149-150
SchmutHo2016: disease transmission, host, illustration, 64, 94
Seghat1977: distribution, host, 15
ShirazVaMi2013: distribution, host, 1382
Silves1939: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 815-816
SismanUl2010: distribution, host, 222
SoriaMoVi2000: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 336-348
SzitaFeBe2017: distribution, host, 469
Teodor2018: distribution, history, 43
TerGri1962: distribution, host, 141
Terezn1959b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 447, 448
Terezn1963a: distribution, host, 54
Terezn1967b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 562
Trabut1910: distribution, host, 45
Trabut1911: distribution, host, 60
TrenchTo2014: distribution, 70
Tsalev1968: distribution, host, 212
Tsalev1972: distribution, host, 85
UlgentDo2019: distribution, host, 484
UlgentErKa2008: biological control, host, 253-264
UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S120
UlgentOzMu2019: distribution, host, illustration, 54, 57, 61
Vayssi1927: biological control, distribution, 111
VieiraCaPi1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 129-130
Viggia1987: biological control, 152
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 229, 230
Yasar2020: distribution,
Zahrad1952: distribution, host, taxonomy, 100, 104
Zahrad1972: distribution, host, taxonomy, 444
ZakOga1967: distribution, host, taxonomy, 215