Valid Names Results
Ceroplastes cirripediformis Comstock, 1881 (Coccidae: Ceroplastes)Nomenclatural History
- Ceroplastes cirripediformis Comstock 1881a: 333. Type data: U.S.A.: Florida, Sanford, on Eupatorium sp.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (GimpelMiDa1974,29). Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
- Ceroplastes plumbaginis Cockerell 1893f: 82. Type data: ANTIGUA: on Plumbago capensis.. Syntypes, female and first instar, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by GimpelMiDa1974, 29).
- Ceroplastes euphorbiae Cockerell 1896e: 17. Type data: JAMAICA: Red Hill District, on Euphorbia hypericifolia.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by GimpelMiDa1974, 29).
- Ceroplastes mexicanus Cockerell 1896f: 20. Type data: MEXICO: San Luis Potosi and Guyamas, on Catalpa sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by GimpelMiDa1974, 29). Notes: Also described as n. sp. in Cockerell, 1896h, p. 20.
- Ceroplastes cultus Hempel 1900a: 470. Type data: BRAZIL: Sao Paulo, Ypiranga, on twigs of Erigeron canadensis.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Sao Paulo: Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; junior synonym (discovered by PerontSoGr2008, 150).
- Ceroplastes cuneatus Hempel 1900a: 471. Type data: BRAZIL: Sao Paulo, Ypiranga, on twigs of Erigeron canadensis.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Sao Paulo: Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; junior synonym (discovered by PerontSoGr2008, 150).
- Ceroplastes rarus Hempel 1900a: 469. Type data: BRAZIL: Sao Paulo, Ypiranga, on twigs of an indigenous tree.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Sao Paulo: Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; junior synonym (discovered by PerontSoGr2008, 150).
- Ceroplastes rotundus Hempel 1900a: 473. Type data: BRAZIL: Sao Paulo, Ypiranga, on twigs of Maytenus sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Sao Paulo: Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; junior synonym (discovered by PerontSoGr2008, 150).
- Ceroplastes breviseta Leonardi 1911: 264. Type data: ARGENTINA: Mendoza, Cacheuta, on Atriplex lampa. Lectotype, female, Type depository: Portici: Dipartimento de Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria di Portici, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Italy; junior synonym (discovered by Granar1999, 49). Notes: Lectotype female, by subsequent designation Granara de Willink, 1999: 51.
- Ceroplastes cerripidiformis Comstock, 1881; Houser 1918: 159. misspelling of species epithet
- Ceroplastes cirrepediformis Comstock, 1881; Hodges 2002b: 205. misspelling of species epithet
Common Names
- barnacle scale Gill1988 HamonWi1984
- barnacle wax scale BenDov1993 GimpelMiDa1974
- Conchuela cerosa RipaRo2008a
- conchuela cerosa PerontKo2022
- escama de cera percebe PerontKo2022
- tortuguita PerontKo2022
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 67 | Genera: 144
- Acanthaceae
- Asystasia gangetica | Nakaha1981a
- Avicennia germinans | MestreHoHa2015 MestreHoHa2015
- Crossandra infundibuliformis | JoshiBhPo2021
- Graptophyllum pictum | Nakaha1981a
- Pseuderanthemum maculatum | Nakaha1981a | (= Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum)
- Strobilanthes anisophylla | GimpelMiDa1974 | (= Strobilanthes persicifolia, Strobilanthes anisophyllus)
- Adoxaceae
- Viburnum suspensum | HamonWi1984
- Amaranthaceae
- Alternanthera bettzickiana | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a | (= Alternathera amoena)
- Amaranthus | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a
- Atriplex | Granar1999
- Atriplex lampa | Leonar1911 Sassce1912
- Suaeda | Granar1999
- Anacardiaceae
- Lannea coromandelica | JoshiBhPo2021
- Mangifera | HodgsoHi1990
- Mangifera indica | KondoKa1995 Nakaha1983
- Schinus | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a HodgsoHi1990
- Schinus terebinthifolia | LiWaWu2018
- Toxicodendron | HodgsoHi1990
- Annonaceae
- Annona muricata | Kondo2008a
- Apocynaceae
- Carissa carandas | HamonWi1984
- Nerium | HodgsoHi1990
- Nerium oleander | SzitaFeBe2017
- Plumeria | Nakaha1981a
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex aquifolium | GimpelMiDa1974
- Araceae
- Epipremnum aureum | JoshiBhPo2021
- Philodendron | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a
- Asparagaceae
- Agave americana | HamonWi1984
- Asteraceae
- Ageratum conyzoides | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a
- Artemisia | GimpelMiDa1974
- Baccharis halimifolia | GimpelMiDa1974
- Borrichia frutescens | GimpelMiDa1974
- Chrysanthemum | GimpelMiDa1974 HodgsoHi1990
- Chrysanthemum indicum | Ballou1926
- Conyza japonica | LiWaWu2018 WuWa2019
- Erigeron canadensis | Hempel1900a PerontSoGr2008
- Eupatorium capillifolium | HamonWi1984
- Helianthus | HodgsoHi1990
- Iva frutescens | GimpelMiDa1974
- Palafoxia feayi | GimpelMiDa1974
- Pluchea indica | Nakaha1981a
- Pluchea odorata | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a
- Sphagneticola trilobata | Nakaha1981a | (= Wedelia trilobata)
- Balsaminaceae
- Impatiens | HodgsoHi1990
- Bignoniaceae
- Bignoniaceae | HodgsoHi1990
- Catalpa | Cocker1893m Cocker1896f Cocker1896h
- Jacaranda | PerontSoGr2008
- Jacaranda cuspidifolia | LiWaWu2018
- Jacaranda mimosifolia | JoshiBhPo2021
- Podranea | HodgsoHi1990
- Pyrostegia venusta | JoshiBhPo2021
- Tabebuia | Nakaha1981a PerontSoGr2008
- Tabebuia donell-smithi | LiWaWu2018
- Tecoma stans | JoshiBhPo2021
- Boraginaceae
- Cordia americana | Ballou1926
- Ehretia anacua | GimpelMiDa1974
- Tiquilia darwinii | LincanHoCa2010
- Tournefortia | LincanHoCa2010
- Calophyllaceae
- Mammea | GimpelMiDa1974
- Cannabaceae
- Cannabis sativa | JoshiBhPo2021
- Celtis | HodgsoHi1990
- Celtis laevigata | GimpelMiDa1974
- Celastraceae
- Euonymus | GimpelMiDa1974 HodgsoHi1990
- Euonymus angulatus | JoshiBhPo2021
- Maytenus | GimpelMiDa1974 Hempel1900a
- Maytenus octogona | LiWaWu2018
- Tricerma octogonum | LincanHoCa2010
- Combretaceae
- Conocarpus | HodgsoHi1990
- Laguncularia racemosa | LincanHoCa2010
- Terminalia catappa | JoshiBhPo2021
- Convolvulaceae
- Argyreia nervosa | Nakaha1981a
- Ipomoea | Newste1917b
- Ipomoea batatas | GimpelMiDa1974
- Rivea | Ballou1926
- Cycadaceae
- Cycas | HodgsoHi1990
- Cyperaceae
- Schoenoplectus californicus | MarinLCi1995 | subspecies totora
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros kaki | GimpelMiDa1974
- Euphorbiaceae
- Codiaeum | GimpelMiDa1974 HodgsoHi1990
- Euphorbia hirta | JoshiBhPo2021
- Euphorbia hypericifolia | Cocker1896o
- Euphorbia pulcherrima | GimpelMiDa1974
- Hura crepitans | Newste1917b
- Manihot esculenta | LiWaWu2018
- Fabaceae
- Hovea speciosa | Ballou1926
- Parkinsonia aculeata | HamonWi1984
- Senna corymbosa | GimpelMiDa1974 | (=Cassia corymbosa)
- Tamarindus indica | LiWaWu2018
- Geraniaceae
- Pelargonium | Ballou1926
- Hypodematiaceae
- Didymochlaena | HodgsoHi1990
- Lamiaceae
- Clerodendrum chinense | Ballou1926 GimpelMiDa1974 Marott1987 | (= Clerodendrum fragrans)
- Coleus prostratus | JoshiBhPo2021 | (= Plectranthus prostratus)
- Rosmarinus | GimpelMiDa1974 HodgsoHi1990
- Salvia | HodgsoHi1990
- Lauraceae
- Laurus nobilis | Ballou1926
- Ocotea pulchella | PerontSoGr2008
- Lythraceae
- Punica | HodgsoHi1990
- Punica granatum | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a
- Malpighiaceae
- Byrsonima intermedia | PerontSoGr2008
- Malpighia | Nakaha1983
- Malpighia aquifolia | PerontSoGr2008 | (= Malpighia ilicifolia)
- Malpighia coccigera | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a
- Malpighia emarginata | MatileEt2006
- Malvaceae
- Hibiscus | HodgsoHi1990
- Meliaceae
- Melia azedarach | GimpelMiDa1974
- Moraceae
- Ficus | HodgsoHi1990
- Musaceae
- Musa paradisiaca | Nakaha1983
- Myrtaceae
- Acca sellowiana | GimpelMiDa1974 | (= Feijoa sellowiana)
- Eugenia | Nakaha1981a
- Myrtus | GimpelMiDa1974
- Pimenta dioica | Nakaha1981a | (= Pimenta officinalis)
- Psidium guajava | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983
- Syzygium aqueum | Green1904a | (= Eugenia aquea)
- Nyctaginaceae
- Cryptocarpus pyriformis | LincanHoCa2010
- Pisonia | GimpelMiDa1974
- Pisonia aculeata | Ballou1926
- Oleaceae
- Nyctanthes arbor-tristis | JoshiBhPo2021
- Onagraceae
- Fuchsia | Granar1999
- Gaura | LiWaWu2018
- Orchidaceae
- Vanda aurora | GimpelMiDa1974
- Osmundaceae
- Osmunda | HodgsoHi1990
- Passifloraceae
- Passiflora | HodgsoHi1990 MarinLCi1996a Nakaha1981a PerontSoGr2008
- Passiflora edulis | GalloVaBo1994 GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a
- Passiflora ligularis | GimpelMiDa1974
- Passiflora quadrangularis | GimpelMiDa1974
- Turnera subulata | MatileEt2006
- Pentaphylacaceae
- Cleyera japonica | GimpelMiDa1974
- Phyllanthaceae
- Bischofia javanica | LiWaWu2018
- Pinaceae
- Cedrus deodara | LiWaWu2018
- Pittosporaceae
- Pittosporum | HodgsoHi1990
- Plantaginaceae
- Russelia | HodgsoHi1990
- Plumbaginaceae
- Plumbago auriculata | Cocker1893m | (= Plumbago capensis)
- Polygonaceae
- Coccoloba uvifera | Nakaha1983
- Primulaceae
- Ardisia pyramidalis | GimpelMiDa1974
- Ranunculaceae
- Clematis campestris | Granar1999 | (= Clematis hilarii)
- Rhamnaceae
- Karwinskia humboldtiana | Bibby1931
- Rhizophoraceae
- Rhizophora mangle | GimpelMiDa1974
- Rosaceae
- Cotoneaster | GimpelMiDa1974
- Eriobotrya | HodgsoHi1990
- Pyracantha | HodgsoHi1990
- Pyrus | LiWaWu2018
- Rubiaceae
- Chiococca | HodgsoHi1990
- Coffea arabica | LiWaWu2018
- Gardenia jasminoides | GimpelMiDa1974 Granar1999 Nakaha1981a
- Gardenia taitensis | Nakaha1981a
- Hamelia patens | LiWaWu2018
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | HodgsoHi1990 | (= Fortunella)
- Citrus aurantium | Ballou1926 GimpelMiDa1974 | (= Citrus sinensis)
- Citrus limon | GimpelMiDa1974
- Salicaceae
- Salix | GimpelMiDa1974
- Sapindaceae
- Cardiospermum | HodgsoHi1990
- Dodonaea | HodgsoHi1990
- Dodonaea viscosa | GimpelMiDa1974
- Melicoccus bijugatus | LiWaWu2018 | (= Melicoccus bejuga)
- Sapotaceae
- Chrysophyllum cainito | GimpelMiDa1974
- Manilkara zapota | Ballou1926 | (= Achras sapota)
- Vitellaria paradoxa | LiWaWu2018 | (= Butyrospermum parkii)
- Scrophulariaceae
- Myoporum | Argyri1983
- Solanaceae
- Brunfelsia nitida | Ballou1926
- Cestrum diurnum | JoshiBhPo2021
- Physalis | HodgsoHi1990
- Solanum | HodgsoHi1990 PerontSoGr2008
- Solanum melongena | MatileEt2006
- Solanum muricatum | GalloVaBo1994
- Solanum nigrum | JoshiBhPo2021
- Solanum paniculatum | PerontSoGr2008
- Solanum seaforthianum | Ballou1926
- Tamaricaceae
- Tamarix | GimpelMiDa1974 HodgsoHi1990
- Tamarix gallica | Ballou1926
- Tecomaria
- Tecomaria | HodgsoHi1990
- Ulmaceae
- Ulmus parvifolia | HamonWi1984
- Ulmus pumila | GimpelMiDa1974
- Urticaceae
- Urtica | HodgsoHi1990
- Verbenaceae
- Citharexylum | HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a
- Citharexylum spinosum | Nakaha1981a
- Duranta | Cocker1899n HodgsoHi1990
- Duranta erecta | GimpelMiDa1974 Nakaha1981a PerontSoGr2008 | (= Duranta repens, Duranta plumieri)
- Lantana camara | Malump2014a
- Petrea volubilis | LiWaWu2018
- Verbenaceae | PerontSoGr2008
- Vitaceae
- Vitis vinifera | Granar1999
- Zingiberaceae
- Alpinia | Granar1999
- Zygophyllaceae
- Balanites | GimpelMiDa1974
Foes:
Families: 8 | Genera: 16
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus | MarinLCi1996
- Coccophagus ochraceus | LiWaWu2018
- Coccophagus rusti | MarinLCi1996
- Coccinellida
- Anegleis cardoni | GaikwaKeKa2022
- Coccinellidae
- Azya | Bartle1978
- Cheilomenes sexmaculata | GaikwaKeKa2022
- Coccinella septempunctata | GaikwaKeKa2022
- Halmus chalybeus | Bartle1978 | (= Orucus chalybeus)
- Encyrtidae
- Ammonoencyrtus californicus | LiWaWu2018
- Anicetus quintanai | MarinLCi1996
- Gahaniella saissetiae | MarinLCi1996
- Metaphycus ceros | TavareSaDa2019
- Metaphycus eruptor | TavareSaDa2019
- Metaphycus flavus | TavareSaDa2019
- Eulophidae
- Aprostocetus ceroplastae | LiWaWu2018 | (= Tetrastichus ceroplastae)
- Tetrastichus | MarinLCi1996
- Geocoridae
- Geocoris ochropterus | GaikwaKeKa2022
- Noctuidae
- Eublemma scitula | GaikwaKeKa2022
- Pteromalidae
- Pachyneuron | MarinLCi1996
- Scutellista caerulea | MarinLCi1996 | (= Scutellista cyanea)
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 34
- Antigua and Barbuda | LiWaWu2018
- Antigua | Cocker1893gg
- Argentina | Sassce1912
- Entre Rios | Granar1999 GranarCl2003
- Mendoza | Granar1999 GranarCl2003
- Tucuman | Granar1999 GranarCl2003
- Bermuda | HodgsoHi1990 HodgsoHi1991
- Bolivia | LiWaWu2018
- Brazil
- Alagoas | PerontSoGr2008
- Sao Paulo | PerontSoGr2008
- Chile | GalloVaBo1994 KondoGu2010 RipaRo2008a
- Coquimbo | PizarrAlBa2020
- China
- Fujian (=Fukien) | LiWaWu2018
- Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | LiWaWu2018
- Guangxi (=Kwangsi) | LiWaWu2018
- Guizhou (=Kweichow) | LiWaWu2018
- Jiangxi (=Kiangsi) | LiWaWu2018
- Sichuan (=Szechwan) | LiWaWu2018
- Yunnan | LiWaWu2018
- Zhejiang (=Chekiang) | LiWaWu2018
- Colombia | Kondo2001 KondoKa1995
- Costa Rica | Suh2023
- Cuba | Ballou1926 Houser1918 MestreHoHa2015
- Egypt | LiWaWu2018
- Galapagos Islands | CaustoPeSi2006 LincanHoCa2010
- Greece | Argyri1983
- Guadeloupe | MatileEt2006
- Guatemala | Willia2010
- Guyana (=British Guiana) | Newste1917b
- Haiti | PerezG2008
- Hawaiian Islands
- Hawaii | BenDov1993
- India
- Gujarat | JoshiBhPo2021
- Himachal Pradesh | JoshiBhPo2021
- Karnataka | JoshiBhPo2021
- Kerala | JoshiBhPo2021
- Maharashtra | JoshiBhPo2021
- Tamil Nadu | JoshiBhPo2021
- Uttar Pradesh | JoshiBhPo2021
- Indonesia
- Java | Green1904a
- Italy | LongoMaPe1995 Marott1987
- Jamaica | Granar1999
- Laos |
- Marshall Islands | BenDov1993
- Martinique | Granar1999
- Mexico | Cocker1896f Cocker1899n Ferris1921
- Baja California Sur | Ferris1921
- Coahuila | BenDov1993
- Guanajuato | BenDov1993
- Jalisco | Cocker1903a
- San Luis Potosi | Cocker1896f Cocker1896h
- Veracruz | Cocker1899n
- Peru | MarinLCi1995 MarinLCi1996a
- Philippines | HamonWi1984
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | Martor1976 NakahaMi1981
- Saint Lucia | Malump2014a
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Trinidad | HamonWi1984
- U.S. Virgin Islands | HamonWi1984
- United States
- Alabama | HamonWi1984
- Arizona | HamonWi1984
- Arkansas | HamonWi1984
- California | Bartle1978
- District of Columbia | Koszta1996
- Florida | Comsto1881a HamonWi1984
- Georgia | HamonWi1984
- Louisiana | Bartle1978
- Maryland | Koszta1996
- Mississippi | Bartle1978
- Missouri | HamonWi1984
- North Carolina | HamonWi1984
- Ohio | Koszta1996
- Pennsylvania | Koszta1996
- South Carolina | HamonWi1984
- Texas | Bibby1931
- Wake Island | BenDov1993
Keys
- JoshiBhPo2021: pp.568 ( Adult (F) ) [Indian species of Ceroplastes]
- PapadoKaMa2020: pp.3 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes in Greece]
- WuWa2019: pp.521 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes in China]
- KondoMoDi2018: pp.381-382 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae associated with Rosmarinus]
- ChoiSoLe2018: pp.6-7 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae in Laos]
- MohammMo2013: pp.146-148 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species and subspecies of family coccidae in Egypt]
- FetykoKo2012: pp.293 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Ceroplastes in the Palaearctic Region based on slide-mounted adult females]
- KondoGu2010: pp.13-14 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae species of Chile]
- PerontSoGr2008: pp.142-144 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes species of São Paulo, Brazil]
- Hodges2002b: pp.208 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes species of Florida]
- Granar1999: pp.49 ( Adult (F) ) [Argentina]
- Koszta1996: pp.325 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North America]
- MarinLCi1995: pp.52 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes in Peru]
- PellizCa1994: pp.177 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes species of Mediterranean]
- Gill1988: pp.17 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, California]
- HamonWi1984: pp.18 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Florida]
- GimpelMiDa1974: pp.19 ( Adult (F) ) [USA]
- WilliaKo1972: pp.36 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Virginia]
- Beards1966: pp.480 ( Adult (F) ) [Micronesia]
- Cocker1895: pp.8 ( Adult (F) ) [ Florida]
Remarks
- Systematics: Subfamily: Ceroplasinae (Choi & Lee, 2019) C. cirripediformis is close to C. sinensis. According to Gimpel et al. (1974), C. cirripediformis differs from C. sinensis as follows (data for C. sinensis in brackets): (i) dorsal setae mainly capitate (rarelycapitate); (ii) each anal plate with 1 ventral seta (with 2 ventral setae); (iii) stigmatic setae predominantly isosceleswith pointed apices, apical third never bent (predominantly hemispherical, bullet-shaped with rounded apices or lanceolate with apical third bent); (iv) ventral submarginal band of filamentous ducts absent (present), and (v) multilocular disc-pores present on all abdominal and generally on all thoracic segments (multilocular disc-pores absent from abdominal segments II and III and thorax).
- Structure: Adult female convex, hemispherical; 2-5 mm long. Body of the female reddish-brown to brown. Wax cover thick, grey in colour. Colour photograph of adult female by Gill (1988) and by Peronti et al. (2008). Wet wax rectangular to oval in dorsal view, hemispherical laterally, without horn, dirty to grayish white, with marginal flange small or absent and not hiding lateral filaments, divided into 1 dorsal and 6 lateral plates, with nuclei. Dry wax filaments as follows: cephalic filament appearing trifurcate, with acute apices; anterolateral and posterolateral filaments simple; posterolateral filaments bifurcate; caudal filaments with weakly divided, bifurcate apices; dorsal dry wax of first and second instars forming small central cap, surrounded by large dorsomedial nucleus; dorsal dry wax not tilted. Stigmatic wax bands present near both pairs of spiracles, anterior bands directed dorsally, filamentous wax confined to stigmatic areas. Length 3.8 (range 1.0-7.1) mm, width 2.4 (range 0.8-5.2) mm, height 2.0 (range 0.7-4.2) mm. (Gimpel et al., 1974
- Biology: Gill (1988) reported that, apparently, it develops one annual generation in USA, California.
- Economic Importance: This soft scale is a pest of Citrus and many ornamentals (Gimpel et al., 1974; Kosztarab, 1996). In California it has not been recorded as a serious pest of commercial crops, but occasionally a pest of dooryard Gardenia plants (Gill, 1988). Occasionally a serious pest in Mexico, the West Indies and other areas of the Caribbean Sea (Bartlett, 1978).
- General Remarks: Description and illustrations of the adult female by Gimpel et al. (1974), Hamon & Williams (1984), Gill (1988), Kosztarab (1996), Granara de Willink (1999) and by Peronti et al. (2008). Description and illustration of the adult male given by Gimpel et al. (1974).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 28
- Argyri1983: taxonomy, 364
- Ballou1926: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 13
- Bartle1978: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 59
- Beards1966: distribution, host, 480
- BenDov1993: catalog, 23,27-30,48-49
- BennetRoCo1976: biological control, economic importance, 359-395
- Bibby1931: distribution, host, 588
- CamachCh2015: host, 6, 11
- CaustoPeSi2006: distribution, 137
- ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
- ChoiSoLe2018: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 14-15
- Cocker1893gg: distribution, host, taxonomy, 373
- Cocker1893j: distribution, 254
- Cocker1894d: taxonomy, 311
- Cocker1895: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 5-6, 8
- Cocker1896b: distribution, host, 331,332
- Cocker1896f: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 34
- Cocker1896h: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 20
- Cocker1899n: distribution, host, 17
- Cocker1902p: distribution, 253-254
- Cocker1903a: distribution, host, 156
- Comsto1881a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 333-334
- DengYuWa2021: illustration, symbionts, 4
- Fernal1903b: 150-156
- Ferris1921: distribution, host, 89
- FetykoKo2012: distribution, taxonomy, 292
- GaikwaKeKa2022: biological control, illustration, natural enemies,
- GalloVaBo1994: distribution, host, 69-71
- Gill1988: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 18-19,22
- GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
- GimpelMiDa1974: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 29-35,71,73-79
- Gonzal1989: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 81
- Gonzal2016: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 14, 37, 199-200
- Granar1999: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 49-51
- GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 627
- Green1904a: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 207
- HakkonPi1984: biological control, 1109-1121
- HamonWi1984: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 22-25
- Hempel1900a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 469-472,473-474
- Hempel1901a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 65-68
- Hodges2002b: taxonomy, 205,208
- HodgsoHi1990: distribution, host, 5-12,14-21
- HodgsoHi1991: distribution, host, 136
- HodgsoPe2012: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 37-39,241
- Houser1918: distribution, host, 159
- JohnsoLy1988: distribution, host,
- JoshiBhPo2021: control, distribution, host, illustration, key, natural enemies,
- Kiritc1932a: taxonomy, 248
- Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 41
- Kondo2008a: host, 28
- Kondo2010: distribution, host, 41-44
- KondoGu2010: distribution, 13
- KondoKa1995: distribution, host, 57-58
- KondoLoQu2010: biological control, 7-13
- KondoMoDi2018: host, key, 381
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 9
- Koszta1996: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 328-329
- KozarWa1985: catalog, 76
- Leonar1911: distribution, host, taxonomy, 264-266
- LiWaWu2018: biology, diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy,
- LincanHoCa2010: distribution, host, 4
- Lizery1939: catalog, distribution, host, 195
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 122
- Malump2014a: distribution, host, 71
- MarinLCi1995: description, distribution, host, illustration, key, 50-52
- MarinLCi1996a: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 91-96
- Marott1987: distribution, host, life history, 98
- Martor1976: distribution, host, 51,58,128,177,193
- MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 164
- MestreHoHa2015: distribution, host, 5
- MestreKo2018: distribution, 5
- Meurge2011: distribution, 80
- Miller1996: catalog, distribution, 69
- MillerRuPa2014: 65
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 149
- MohammMo2013: illustration, structure, 146, 151
- Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, 389
- Nakaha1983: distribution, host, 3
- NakahaMi1981: distribution, host, 29
- Newste1917b: distribution, host, 128
- PapadoKaMa2020: key, 3
- PellizChMi2015: distribution, 59,72
- PerezG2008: distribution, 212
- PerontKo2022: biology, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, natural enemies, taxonomy, 233-234
- PerontSoGr2008: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 149-152
- PizarrAlBa2020: distribution, host, 27
- QinGu1995: taxonomy, 301,302
- QinGuBe1994: taxonomy, 541-549
- RiosSuFePe2022: dispersal, distribution, economic importance, illustration,
- RipaRo2008a: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 149-150
- RosaPeSo2011: structure, 19
- Sander1906: catalog, 9
- Sassce1912: distribution, host, 88
- SilvadGoGa1968: catalog, distribution, host, 137
- Simmon1957: catalog, distribution, host, 7
- SimmonBe1976: biological control, 460
- Suh2023: distribution, 3
- SzitaFeBe2017: distribution, host, 468
- TavareSaDa2019: natural enemies,
- Vernal1953: distribution, host, 125,130
- VitoriZaMa2013: description, distribution, host, 176-179
- WalkerWaEv1974: distribution, host, 11
- WangWaGu2021: distribution, ecology,
- Willia1985a: catalog, taxonomy, 228
- Willia2001: distribution, 225-227
- Willia2010: distribution, host, 145
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 208, 213, 214
- Woodwo1903: taxonomy, 34
- WuWa2019: biology, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key, 521, 522, 524
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 155
