Valid Names Results

Leucaspis Signoret, 1869 (Diaspididae)

Nomenclatural History

• Leucaspis Signoret 1869: 865. Type species: Aspidiotus pini Hartig by monotypy . accepted valid name Notes: Although Targioni Tozzetti is often cited as the author of Leucaspis, Danzig & Kerzhner (1984) explain that his original use of the name was a nomen nudum. Signoret's 1869 use of Leucaspis with pini makes the name available.
• Leucodiaspis Signoret 1869b: 99;. . misspelling of genus name
• Rhopaloaspis Del Guercio 1903a: 188. Type species: Leucaspis riccae Del Guercio by monotypy and original designation . junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1936a: 25)
• Leucodiaspis Kirkaldy 1904a: 257. . replacement name that is unjustified (discovered by Ferris1936a: 25) Notes: Kirkaldy (1904a) considered Leucaspis Signoret 1869 preoccupied by Leucaspis Burmeister, 1835, in the Hymenoptera and suggested that the Signoret name be replaced with Leucodiaspis. Ferris (1936a) rejected this, considering it unnecessary (Morrison & Morrison, 1966).
• Leucaspis (Euleucaspis) Lindinger 1905: 252. Type species: Leucaspis corsa Lindin by monotypy . (= Leucaspis signoreti, Targioni Tozzetti ) junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1936a: 25) Notes: This name was originally proposed for a "sektion" of the genus Leucaspis. MacGillivray (1921: 262) invalidly nominated Coccus pini Hartig, for type species (Morrison & Morrison, 1966). According to the Fourth Edition of the ICZN Article 10.4 "A uninominal name proposed for a genus-group division of a genus, even if proposed for a secondary (or further) subdivision, is deemed to be a subgeneric name even if the division is denoted by a term such as "section" or "division."
• Leucaspis (Anamaspis) Leonardi 1906b: 22. Type species: Leucaspis lowi Colvée by monotypy . junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1937d: 104)
• Pusillaspis Lindinger 1906: 27. Type species: Leucaspis pusilla Löw by subsequent designation MacGil1921:262 . junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1936a: 25) Notes: This name was proposed for an uncharacterized subdivision of a "sektion" of the genus Leucaspis Targioni Tozzetti. It was established as a definite subgenus with pusilla Löw designated as type by MacGillivray. Ferris, (1936a:23-24) and Balachowsky, (1953g: 860), considered the type species to be a Leucaspis (Morrison & Morrison, 1966).
• Anamaspis Leonardi 1906b: 4,22. . junior synonym
• Leucaspis (Actenaspis) Leonardi 1906b: 25. Type species: Leucaspis pusilla Löw by monotypy and original designation . junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1936a: 25)
• Actenaspis Leonardi 1906b: 4, 25;. . misspelling of genus name
• Actinaspis MacGillivray 1921: 262;. . misspelling of genus name
• Maniaspis Borchsenius 1964a: 869. Type species: Maniaspis manii Borchsenius by original designation . junior synonym (discovered by Takagi1969a: 26)

Remarks

• Systematics: Subfamily ASPIDIOTINAE Tribe LEUCASPIDINI (Normark, et al., 2019) The nomenclature of this genus and associated groups has become much involved, chiefly through the activities of Lindinger. He followed Kirkaldy's 1904 resurrection of the name Leucodiaspis to replace Leucaspis, an uncalled for change as had been shown by Sanders (1909a). He unjustifiably rejected certain names proposed by Leonardi and substituted sub-generic and "section" names of his own with disregard of the rules of nomenclature. Moreover, these names are so proposed that it is even questionable whether they should be regarded as validly established. However, type selections made by MacGillivray in 1921 may be regarded as fixing the status of some of the names (Ferris, 1936a). For a detailed explanation of all aspects of this issue see Danzig & Kerzhner (1984) and (Tubbs, 1986). Maniaspis, a junior synonym of Leucaspis was described as being between Anamaspis, another junior synonym of Leucaspis, and Lopholeucaspis. Females of this genus were said to differ from Anamaspis by the cluster of cylindrical glands present at the level of the front spiracles, conical cuticular protuberances along the sides of the mouth parts and conical gland spines along the sides of the abdomen. They were differentiated from females of Lopholeucaspis by the absence of gland spines of the pygidium and the rows of conical gland spines along the sides of the head and thorax (Borchsenius, 1964a). Takagi (1969a) later synonymized these two genera. Normark, et al., 2019 determined that Leucaspis is not a monophyletic genus, noting that even the Palearctic species of Leucaspis do not quite form a monophyletic clade. The group comprising Palearctic Leucaspis—represented by L. pusilla, L. signoreti, and L. lowi—is paraphyletic with respect to the species Suturaspis crataegi.
• Structure: Female body enclosed in scale, elongate, often spindleform. Clusters of disk glands near front spiracles, absent near posterior spiracles. A group of cylindrical glands is found between the front spiracles and margin of body (Borchsenius, 1964a). Takagi (1969) gives a meticulous diagnosis of the genus. The adult female can be recognized by (1) being pupillarial, and by having (2) an elongate body outline; (3) small sclerotic patches on dorsum of pygidium; (4) each side of the pygidium with 1–4 lobes, with medial lobes well separated; (5) plates absent, spiniform or fimbriate; (6) gland tubercles on venter of thorax; (7) dorsal ducts absent or present only along the pygidial margin, when present short, with sclerotized oral rim; (8) antenna with 2–6 fleshy setae; (9) anterior spiracle with cluster of disc pores adjacent; (10) anus in anteriorfleshy setae; (9) anterior spiracle with cluster of disc pores adjacent; (10) anus in anterior third of the pygidium; (11) perivulvar disc pores in five groups; (12) many species with pre-pygidial pores.
• General Remarks: Detailed redescription by Takagi (1969a).

Keys

• MoghadWa2021: pp.31-33 ( Adult (F) ) [Genera of Diaspididae in Iran]
• Hender2011: pp.44-45 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Genera of Diaspididae in New Zealand]
• KosztaKo1988F: pp.326 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Diaspididae]
• Wang1982c: pp.46 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera]
• Yang1982: pp.271 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Parlatoriini]
• Danzig1971d: pp.839 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Diaspididae]
• Borchs1964a: pp.864 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Leucaspidini known from India] Key as: Maniaspis
• McKenz1956: pp.27 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the genera of Tribe Diaspidini]
• Balach1953g: pp.843 ( Adult (F) ) [Tableau des genres de Leucaspidina de la Région Paléarctique]
• Bodenh1952: pp.331 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Diaspidinae]
• Borchs1950b: pp.168 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Diaspididae]
• GomezM1946: pp.59 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspinos de España]
• Hall1946a: pp.540 ( Adult (F) ) [Key for the separation of the genera of Diaspidini recorded from the Ethiopian Region]
• Ferris1942: pp.40 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera in the tribe Diaspidini]
• Borchs1937: pp.97 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Diaspinae]
• GomezM1937: pp.42 ( Adult (F) ) [Clave para diferenciar los géneros españoles de la subfamilia Diaspinos]
• Borchs1936: pp.138 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Diaspinae]
• Kuwana1933a: pp.44 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Japanese Diaspinae]
• Britto1923: pp.361 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of subfamily Diaspinae]
• MacGil1921: pp.263 ( Adult (F) ) [Genera of Leucaspidini]
• Leonar1920: pp.27 ( Adult (F) ) [Tavola sinottica dei generi di Diaspini]

Associated References

• Archan1937: taxonomy, pp. 65
• Ashmea1891: taxonomy, pp. 102
• Atkins1886: taxonomy, pp. 273
• Balach1928a: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 135
• Balach1948b: taxonomy, pp. 263
• Balach1953g: taxonomy, pp. 754, 842, 844, 845
• BerlesLe1898: taxonomy, pp. 132
• Bodenh1924: description, taxonomy, pp. 22
• Bodenh1949: description, taxonomy, pp. 28, 44-45
• Bodenh1952: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 331
• Borchs1937: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 90, 93
• Borchs1938: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 138
• Borchs1949d: description, taxonomy, pp. 195, 200-201
• Borchs1950b: description, taxonomy, pp. 168, 178
• Borchs1964a: description, taxonomy, pp. 864, 869, 871
• Borchs1966: catalog, taxonomy, pp. 211-212, 218-219
• Britti1937: description, taxonomy, pp. 281-285
• Britto1923: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 361, 370
• Bustsh1958: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 196
• Chou1985: description, taxonomy, pp. 392, 393
• Comsto1883: taxonomy, pp. 129
• Danzig1964: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 646
• Danzig1971d: taxonomy, pp. 839
• DanzigKe1984: taxonomy, pp. 101-104
• DanzigPe1998: catalog, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 295-296, 302
• DelGue1903a: description, taxonomy, pp. 188
• Ezzat1958: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 248
• Fernal1903b: taxonomy, pp. 244
• Ferris1936a: illustration, taxonomy, pp. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
• Ferris1937d: illustration, taxonomy, pp. 104, 109
• Ferris1937e: taxonomy, pp. 528
• Ferris1938: taxonomy, pp. 45
• Ferris1938a: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. SII-147
• Ferris1942: taxonomy, pp. SIV-446:40
• Frogga1914: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 878
• Frogga1915: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 51
• Gill1997: taxonomy, pp. 189
• GomezM1937: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 42, 133-134
• GomezM1946: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 59
• Green1896e: taxonomy, pp. 38
• Green1915: taxonomy, pp. 459, 463
• Green1929: description, taxonomy, pp. 382
• Hall1946a: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 525, 540
• Hender2011: distribution, host, pp. 10-12,44,47
• HenderSuRo2010: host, pp. 2
• Kanda1930a: taxonomy, pp. 196
• Kirkal1904a: taxonomy, pp. 257
• Kuwana1928: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 35-36
• Kuwana1933a: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 44
• Leonar1903b: description, taxonomy, pp. 15-18
• Leonar1906b: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 4, 22, 25
• Leonar1907a: taxonomy, pp. 69, 90
• Leonar1920: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 27, 117
• Lindin1905: taxonomy, pp. 252
• Lindin1906: description, distribution, illustration, taxonomy, pp. 1-60
• Lindin1908a: host, taxonomy, pp. 39
• Lindin1908d: taxonomy, pp. 121
• Lindin1913: taxonomy, pp. 66
• Lindin1913a: taxonomy, pp. 8
• Lindin1923: taxonomy, pp. 148
• Lindin1924: taxonomy, pp. 173
• Lindin1932b: taxonomy, pp. 106, 107
• Lindin1937: taxonomy, pp. 179
• Lindin1943b: taxonomy, pp. 222
• Low1882c: taxonomy, pp. 521
• Lupo1944: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 206
• MacGil1921: description, taxonomy, pp. 262-263
• Maskel1887a: taxonomy, pp. 40
• Maskel1893b: taxonomy, pp. 209
• McKenz1956: description, taxonomy, pp. 27
• MoghadWa2021: diagnosis, key, pp. 33, 160
• Morgan1888b: taxonomy, pp. 118
• MorrisMo1966: taxonomy, pp. 8, 108-109
• MorseNo2006: phylogeny, taxonomy, pp. 343
• NormarOkMo2019: taxonomy, pp. 43, 53, 79
• Sander1909a: catalog, taxonomy, pp. 50
• Schmut1951: taxonomy, pp. 128
• Schmut1959: taxonomy, pp. 142
• Signor1869b: description, taxonomy, pp. 99
• Signor1870: description, taxonomy, pp. 100
• SoriaMoVi2000: taxonomy, pp. 340
• Takagi1969a: description, taxonomy, pp. 25-26
• Takaha1932: taxonomy, pp. 47
• Tang1977: taxonomy, pp. 142
• Targio1868: description, taxonomy, pp. 734
• Tubbs1986: taxonomy, pp. 231-232
• Wang1982c: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 45, 109
• Wolff1911: taxonomy, pp. 80
• Zahrad1952: description, taxonomy, pp. 97, 99-100
• Zimmer1948: taxonomy, pp. 373, 374

36 Species