Valid Names Results

Leucaspis riccae Targioni Tozzetti, 1881 (Diaspididae: Leucaspis)

Nomenclatural History

Leucaspis Riccae Targioni Tozzetti 1881: 160. Type data: ITALY: Calabria. Syntypes, female, accepted valid name
Leucaspis epidaurica Gennadius 1883: 31. Type data: GREECE: on Olea sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Paris: Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, France; junior synonym (discovered by Green1915, 460).
Rhopaloaspis riccae (Targioni Tozzetti, 1881); Del Guercio 1902: 185. change of combination
Lepidosaphes riccae (Targioni Tozzetti, 1881); Fernald 1903b: 313. change of combination
Howardia lobulata Del Guercio 1903a: 179-185. Type data: ITALY: Catanzaro. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Leonar1903, 1). Notes: Type material presumed lost.
Leucaspis (Euleucaspis) riccae Targioni Tozzetti, 1881; Lindinger 1906: 26. change of combination
Leucaspis ephedrae Marchal 1909b: 59-60. Type data: ALGERIA: Sud-Oranais, on Ephedra corsoniana, by Dr. Trabut. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Paris: Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, France; junior synonym (discovered by Balach1928a, 135-137).
Mytilaspis riccae (Targioni Tozzetti, 1881); Trabut 1911: 63. change of combination
Leucaspis oleae; Lindinger 1912b: 372. incorrect synonymy (discovered by Borchs1966, 214).
Leucaspis riccai Targioni Tozzetti, 1881; Lindinger 1912b: 138. misspelling of species epithet
Leucaspis Lemmeti Balachowsky 1927: 197-199. Type data: ALGERIA: near Ksabi, 100 km north of Adrar, on Ephedra alata, ?/05/1926. Holotype, female, Type depository: Paris: Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, France; junior synonym (discovered by Balach1928, 135). Notes: Paratype in BMNH. Illustr.
Leucodiaspis riccai (Targioni Tozzetti, 1881); Lindinger 1932: 107. change of combination
Leucodiaspis riccae (Targioni Tozzetti, 1881); Lindinger 1935: 140. change of combination Notes: Kirkaldy (1904a) considered Leucaspis Signoret 1869 preoccupied by Leucaspis Burmeister, 1835, in the Hymenoptera and suggested that the Signoret name be replaced with Leucodiaspis. Ferris (1936a) rejected this, considering it unnecessary (Morrison & Morrison, 1966).
Leucaspis riecae Targioni Tozzetti, 1881; Ali 1970: 19. misspelling of species epithet

Common Names

white olive scale AvidovHa1969
oyster shell olive scale AbdRabEv2021

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 6 | Genera: 6

Apocynaceae

Nerium oleander | Kaussa1955

Ephedraceae

Ephedra | Marcha1909b Archan1923
Ephedra alata | Balach1927
Ephedra distachya | Korone1934 | (= Ephedra vulgaris)
Ephedra foeminea | Korone1934 | (= Ephedra campylopoda)
Ephedra fragilis | Balach1953g

Ericaceae

Erica | Balach1953g
Erica arborea | Balach1953g
Erica manipuliflora | PellizPoSe2011

Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbia | Balach1953g
Euphorbia dendroides | PellizPoSe2011

Moraceae

Ficus carica | RamachRa1934

Oleaceae

Olea | Leonar1907c
Olea europaea | ErlerKoTu1996 Korone1934 PellizPoSe2011

Foes:

Families: 3 | Genera: 3

Aphelinidae

Aphytis | AbdRab1999
Aphytis libanicus | RosenDe1979
Aphytis mytilaspidis | RosenDe1979

Coccinellidae

Chilocorus bipustulatus | Kacar2015

Cybocephalidae

Cybocephalus | PriesnHo1940

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 19

Algeria | Marcha1909b

Argentina | Chiesa1937

China

Aomen (=Macau) | Atanas1959

Crete | PellizPoSe2011

Croatia | MastenSi2008

Cyprus | Newste1913

Egypt | AbdRab2001a Newste1913

France | Fernal1903b

Greece | Fernal1903b

Iran | Kaussa1955 KozarFoZa1996

Israel | RosenDe1979

Italy | Leonar1907c LongoMaPe1995

Sicily | Balach1953g LongoMaPe1995

Malta | Borg1932

Morocco | LepineMi1931

Syria | Balach1953g

Tunisia | Trabut1910

Turkey | Bodenh1949 | Vatans2024

Uzbekistan | Cocker1927

Yugoslavia | DanzigPe1998

Keys

MoghadWa2021: pp.160 ( Adult (F) ) [Leucaspis in Iran]
Hodgso2020: pp.146-147 ( Adult (M) ) [Diaspididae]
Ezzat1958: pp.249 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Egyptian species of Leucaspis]
Balach1953g: pp.847 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Leucaspis]
Britti1937: pp.285 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Leucaspis]
Balach1928a: pp.135 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Leucaspis in North Africa] Key as: Leucaspis ephedrae and L. lemmeti
MacGil1921: pp.265 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Leucaspis]
Leonar1907c: pp.70 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Leucaspis]
Lindin1906: pp.26 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Leucaspis Euleucaspis] Key as: Leucaspis Euleucaspis riccae

Remarks

Structure: Female puparium elongate, narrow, mytiliform, white, with terminal exuviae. Male scale cover resembles female puparium but smaller. Slide-mounted adult female elongate oval; ventral cuticle spiculate. Antennae each with 4 setae. Anterior spiracles each associated with about 4 disc pores and a group of 8–10 duct tubercles. Pygidium rounded, well-defined, with 2 pairs of lobes; median and second lobes (L1 and L2) all about same size, each narrow, conical with rounded apex. Plates slender, simple, longer than the lobes (Moghaddam & Watson, 2021) Second-instar nymph: Body pyriform. Anterior spiracles without associated disc pores. Pygidium with 2 pairs of lobes (L1 and L2); lobes subquadrate. Plates wide, parlatoriform, numbering 2 between median lobes, 2 between L1 & L2, also with several lateral to L2. Dorsal ducts numerous on pygidium and prepygidium, present in 2 sizes: marginal and submarginal ducts large, submedian ducts smaller. (Moghaddam & Watson, 2021)
Biology: In Attica, Greece, Leucaspis riccae has two generations per year. It overwinters at the second stage and in a small percentage as adult females. The oviposition starts by mid-April and continues slowly until July. Females of the 2nd generation start ovipositing in August and continue the oviposition until November depending on weather (Argyriou & Kourmadas, 1981).
Economic Importance: Miller & Davidson (1990) list this insect as a pest.

Illustrations

Citations

AbdRab1999: biological control, distribution, 1120
AbdRab2001a: biological control, distribution, host, 175
AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 35
Ali1970: catalog, taxonomy, 18
Archan1923: distribution, host, 264
Argyri1967: distribution, host, 69
Argyri1976: distribution, host, 212
Argyri1977: distribution, host, 361
ArgyriKo1981: distribution, host, life history, 68
Atanas1959: distribution, host, 433
AvidovHa1969: distribution, host, 226
Bachma1953: distribution, host, 183
Balach1927: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 197-199
Balach1928a: distribution, taxonomy, 135, 136, 142
Balach1953g: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 847, 848, 864-868
Balach1958a: distribution, host, 40, 47
BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 31, 43
BicheArMe2022: distribution, host, 509
Bodenh1924: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 58-59
Bodenh1935: distribution, host, 260
Bodenh1935c: distribution, 1156
Bodenh1949: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 160, 171-173
Bodenh1953: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 51-54
Borchs1937: distribution, taxonomy, 104
Borchs1950b: description, distribution, host, structure, 176
Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 214
Borg1932: distribution, host, 11
Britti1937: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 283, 285, 296
Chiesa1937: distribution, host, 168
Chiesa1938: taxonomy, 3
Cocker1927: distribution, 837
Costan1937: distribution, host, 237
Costan1950: distribution, host, 13
DanzigPe1998: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 298
DelGue1903a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 185-188
ElsebaAh2017: distribution, host, 1071, 1072
ErlerKoTu1996: distribution, host, 57
Essig1917: host, 61
Ezzat1958: distribution, taxonomy, 249
FarahbMo1975: distribution, host, 66
Fernal1903b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 244, 313
Ferris1936a: taxonomy, 23, 26, 83
Ferris1938a: taxonomy, SII-147
FoldiGe2018: distribution, 10
Gavalo1928: distribution, host, 55
Gavril2018: reproduction, 240
Gennad1883: description, distribution, host, 31
Georgh1977: distribution, host, 151
Ghabbo1999: taxonomy, 86
GhabboMo1996: description, distribution, host, 349
Green1915: taxonomy, 460, 462
Hall1922: description, distribution, host, 41-42
Hall1923: distribution, host, 50
Hall1926a: distribution, host, 34, 38
Hall1927b: distribution, host, 173
Hodgso2020: key, 146
Kacar2015: natural enemies, 159
Kaussa1955: distribution, host, 18
Kaussa1970: distribution, host, illustration, 9
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 17
Korone1934: description, distribution, host, 43-45, 49
Korone1939: distribution, host, 42-43
KozarFoZa1996: distribution, 67
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 85
Kuwana1923c: taxonomy, 323
Leonar1903: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 1-5
Leonar1903b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 1-19
Leonar1906b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 5, 14-17
Leonar1907c: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 70, 79-82
Leonar1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 118, 127-132
LepineMi1931: distribution, host, 248
Lindin1906: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 9, 26, 35-37
Lindin1911: taxonomy, 127
Lindin1912b: taxonomy, 138, 372
Lindin1932b: taxonomy, 106
Lindin1932f: taxonomy, 187
Lindin1935: taxonomy, 140
Lindin1936: taxonomy, 159
LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 127
LongoMaPe1999a: distribution, 147
Lupo1944: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 207, 208, 230-237
MacGil1921: distribution, host, taxonomy, 265
MalumpRe2011: distribution, 72-73
Marcha1909b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 59-60
MastenSi2008: catalog, distribution, host, 105-119
MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, host, 511
MillerDa1990: economic importance, taxonomy, 303
MilonaKoKo2008a: distribution, 143-147
Moghad2004: distribution, host, 8
Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 40
MoghadTa2010: distribution, 36
MoghadWa2021: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, key, nymph, taxonomy, 11, 160, 162-163, 247
MoursiHe1983: distribution, host, life history, 119-124
NadaMo1984: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 251-258
Newste1913: distribution, host, 81
Peleka1962: distribution, host, 62
PellizChMi2015: distribution, 62,69
PellizPoSe2011: distribution, host, 295,298
Pierce1917: economic importance, 156
PriesnHo1940: biological control, 69
RamachRa1934: host, 87
RizkAh1981: distribution, host, life history, 1-12
RizkMo1981: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 1-12
RosenDe1979: biological control, distribution, 761
Sander1906: catalog, taxonomy, 11
Seghat1977: distribution, host, 16
Silves1939: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 817
SismanUl2010: distribution, host, 222
StathaSkKa2024: natural enemies,
Targio1881: description, distribution, taxonomy, 160
Trabut1910: distribution, host, 45
Trabut1911: distribution, host, 60
UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S120
Vatans2024: distribution, host, 143, 144
Willco1922: distribution, host, 226
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 231