Valid Names Results

Eriococcus buxi (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834) (Eriococcidae: Eriococcus)

Nomenclatural History

Coccus buxi Boyer de Fonscolombe 1834: 218. Type data: FRANCE: Aix-en-Provence, on Buxus sempervirens, ?/05/1834. Syntypes, female, accepted valid name Notes: Williams (1985h) notes that the type material has probably been lost (see remarks). Matile-Ferrero & Danzig visited the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna in June of 1997 and were unable to locate any type material of this species.
Eriococcus buxi (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834); Targioni Tozzetti 1869: 726. change of combination
Nidularia buxi (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834); Lindinger 1935: 135. change of combination

Common Names

box scale Kohler1998

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 1 | Genera: 1

Buxaceae

Buxus sempervirens | Boyerd1834

Foes:

Families: 1 | Genera: 1

Encyrtidae

Metaphycus brachypterus | KosztaKo1988F

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 15

Bulgaria | KosztaKo1988F Tsalev1968

Czechoslovakia | KosztaKo1988F

France | Boyerd1834 Foldi2001

Georgia (Republic of) | BatsanKaKi2017

Germany | Hoy1963 SchmutHo2016

Greece | KozarPaPa1991

Italy | TranfaEs1985

Romania | FetykoKoDa2010 Rogoja1966

Russia | Hoy1963

Spain | Hoy1963

Switzerland | Hoy1963

Turkey | KaydanUlEr2007

Ukraine

Krym (=Crimea) Oblast | KosztaKo1988F

Uzbekistan | KosztaKo1988F

Yugoslavia | KosztaKo1988F

Keys

Hodgso2020: pp.19-22 ( Adult (M) ) [Neococcoid higher taxa]
KozarKaKo2013: pp.630 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Eriococcus]
TranfaEs1985: pp.115 ( Adult (F) ) [Eriococcus species of Italy]
Danzig1971d: pp.821 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of family Eriococcidae]
Afifi1968: pp.202 ( Adult (F) ) [] Key as: Eriococcus buxi
Danzig1964: pp.632 ( Adult (F) ) [Eriococcus species of USSR]

Remarks

Systematics: The author of this species was incorrectly cited, in most pre-2000 publications, as "Fonscolombe". The correct name is "Boyer de Fonscolombe. "Slide-mounted adult female with: enlarged setae conical with acute apices covering surface of dorsum, all approximately same size; microtubular ducts slender, single sclerotized area, orifice bifid; large tubular ducts on head only, smaller macrotubular ducts scattered over dorsum and lateral areas of venter (Williams, 1985h). "There seems to be no doubt about the identity of this species, even though the original material cannot be traced. The species was described from Aix-en-Provence and the specimens at hand collected in Orange, and from Lyons, not far from the type-locality, are considered by French workers to be this species. A further specimen is available from material collected in the south of France and this was identified by V. Signoret as E. buxi (Williams, 1958h)." Marginal setae of E. buxi are triangular and have enlarged tubular ducts, differing from all ofhter Eriococcidae genera and species known in the Palearctic Region, with longer narrow, spine=like dorsal setar. They are somewhat similar to spines of Eriococcus eucalypti Maskell 1892. (Ouvrard & Kozar, 2009)
Structure: Ovisac grayish. Adult female ovoid, dark red (Kosztarab & Kozár, 1988). First instar nymph, Body oval. Antennae 6 segmented, segments with a few hair-like setae; apical segment also with 3 sensory falcate setae, two preapical segments also with 1 sensory falcate seta. Frontal lobe absent, frontal tubercle present. Eyes situated on venter near margin. Second instar female nymph body oval. Antennae 6 segmented, segments with a few hair-like setae; apical segment also with 3 sensory falcate setae, two preapical segments also with 1 sensory falcate seta. Frontal lobe and frontal tubercle present. Eyes situated on venter near margin.Second instar male nymph body oval. Antennae 6 segmented, segments with a few hair-like setae; apical segment also with 3 sensory falcate setae, two preapical segments also with 1 sensory falcate seta. Frontal lobe and frontal tubercle present. Eyes situated on venter near margin.(Kozár, et al., 2013) The adult male of E. buxi was described in detail by Afifi (1968). The configuration of the campaniform sensilla on each side of the trochanter in a triangle immediately separates E. buxi from the arrangement found on the Beesoniidae, Stictococcidae and Cylindrococcus on which the sensilla are found more or less in a line. The distribution of these sensilla on E. buxi therefore considered by Hodgson (2020) to be the ancestral arrangement and probably explains why it did not fall within the BSE clade in Hodgson and Hardy (2013). On the other hand, E. buxi does share the many other character-states in the diagnosis above with beesoniids and stictococcids. (Hodgson, 2020)
Biology: This species is monophagus, it can often become a pest and has 2 generations per year in Crimea, overwinters as second instar. First generation females lay eggs in the first part of June, and second generation females lay in mid-August. Reproduction biparental (Kosztarab & Kozár, 1988).
General Remarks: Original description by Boyer de Fonscolombe (1834) is in French. Detailed description and illustration by Kosztarab & Kozár (1988) and also by Tranfaglia & Esposito (1985). Hodgson (2002) used this species in a phylogenetic analysis of non-margarodid Coccoidea.

Illustrations

Citations

Afifi1968: description, illustration, 175-178
Archan1937: taxonomy, 27, 140
Atanas1959: distribution, host, 427
Balach1937: distribution, taxonomy, 340
BarbagBiBo1995: distribution, 43
BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 262
BenDov1977b: taxonomy, 8
BielenWe1990: taxonomy, 377
Borchs1934: distribution, host, 13
Borchs1936: distribution, host, 111
Borchs1937: distribution, illustration, 60
Borchs1937a: distribution, host, 11, 173, 175, 182
Borchs1939a: taxonomy, 43
Borchs1948: taxonomy, 501
Borchs1949: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 18, 33, 324-325
Borchs1950b: distribution, host, 115
Borchs1963a: distribution, host, 22, 158, 159
Borchs1973: distribution, host, 159
Boyerd1834: description, illustration, taxonomy, 218
BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, list, 302
Cocker1896b: taxonomy, 323
CookGu2001: taxonomy, 60, 61, 63, 64
CookGu2004: taxonomy, 444
Danzig1964: taxonomy, 632
Danzig1971d: taxonomy, 821
Danzig1975a: taxonomy, 42
Dziedz1977: taxonomy, 5
Eblako1938: taxonomy, 75
Fernal1903b: taxonomy, 72
FetykoKoDa2010: distribution, 296
Foldi2001: distribution, economic importance, 305, 307
FoldiCa1985: structure, 33-50
FoldiGe2018: distribution, 10
Frogga1916: taxonomy, 429
Frogga1921a: description, distribution, host, 75
Fulmek1943: biological control, catalog, distribution, 32, 56
Gaprin1950: taxonomy, 250
Gaprin1956: taxonomy, 123, 135
Gavalo1929: distribution, host, 167
Gavalo1932: host, taxonomy, 134
GavrilKu2019: chemistry, 224
Gill1993: taxonomy, 155
GomezM1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 346-347
GomezM1946: distribution, host, taxonomy, 103
GomezM1958a: distribution, host, 8
GomezM1968: distribution, host, 552
Goux1931: distribution, host, 331
Goux1931a: distribution, host, life history, 72
Goux1943b: distribution, life history, 128
Goux1944: host, taxonomy, 137
Goux1990: structure, 156
GwiazdVaDe2006: phylogenetics, 16
Hadzib1941: distribution, host, 183
Hadzib1983: distribution, host, taxonomy, 269
HertinSi1972: biological control, distribution, host, 131
Hodgso2002: phylogeny, taxonomy, 135
Hodgso2020: diagnosis, illustration, key, taxonomy, 20, 104-105
HodgsoHa2013: phylogeny, taxonomy, 797
HodgsoHe1996: taxonomy, 192
HodgsoMi2002IMa: phylogeny, 511
Hoy1962: taxonomy, 28, 29, 30
Hoy1963: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 76-77
ICZN1982: taxonomy, 95-98
KaydanUlEr2007: catalog, distribution, host, 90-106
Kiritc1928: distribution, host, 112
Kiritc1935: distribution, host, 1
Kohl1936: taxonomy, 13
Kohler1998: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 387
KondoHaCo2006: host, phylogeny, 23
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 20
Korobi1967: distribution, host, life history, 195
KosztaKo1988F: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 287-289
Koteja1974a: taxonomy, 248
Koteja1974b: taxonomy, 77
Koteja1986c: taxonomy, 27
Kozar2009: distribution, taxonomy, 97
KozarGuBa1994: distribution, host, 154
KozarKaKo2013: description, distribution, host, illustration, structure, taxonomy, 630-635
KozarPaPa1991: distribution, host, 64
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 74
KozarWiKo2009: taxonomy, 1
KreiteAuGe2006: distribution, economic importance, host, 143
Lindin1910: taxonomy, 192
Lindin1912b: host, taxonomy, 88
Lindin1921: distribution, host, 433
Lindin1932: taxonomy, 27
Lindin1933a: taxonomy, 78
Lindin1935: taxonomy, 135
Lindin1958: taxonomy, 368
LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 121
LongoMaPe1999a: distribution, 145
Marcha1908: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 253-255
MarottTr1990: distribution, host, 109-110
Martin1985: distribution, host, 91, 92
Maskel1895a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 21
Miller1991: taxonomy, 333
MillerGi2000: biological control, catalog, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 150-152
MilonaKoKo2008a: distribution, 143-147
NanDeWu2013: phylogenetics, taxonomy, 171, 173
Nikols1936: taxonomy, 155
NikolsYa1966: biological control, distribution, 221
OuvrarKo2009: distribution, host, phylogeny, taxonomy, 101-118
OuvrarKo2009: host, phylogeny, structure, taxonomy, 102-118
PellizChMi2015: distribution, 63,69
PellizKo2011: distribution, 66
Pierce1917: distribution, economic importance, host, 48
SchmutHo2016: distribution, host, 48
Signor1869: catalog, 845
Signor1872: taxonomy, 429
Signor1875b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 30
StoetzMi1979: catalog, taxonomy, 9
Szklar1998: host, physiology, 168, 171
TangHa1995: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 417, 419, 461
Targio1868: taxonomy, 727
Teodor2018: distribution, history, 44
TerGri1962: distribution, host, 130, 157
TerGri1966a: distribution, host, 372
TerGri1969a: distribution, host, 6, 78, 79
TerGri1983: distribution, host, 877
Terezn1967a: distribution, 476
Terezn1967b: ecology, life history, 561
Terezn1968b: distribution, 49
Terezn1968c: distribution, host, 45
Terezn1970: distribution, host, 44
Terezn1981: taxonomy, 48
Terezn1982: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 36
TranfaEs1985: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 121-123
Tsalev1968: taxonomy, 207
Tudor1982: biological control, host, 89
UlgentDo2019: distribution, host, 486
UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S121
Vayssi1927a: host, 5
VeaGr2015: phylogeny, 64
VeaGr2016: evolution, 4
Willia1969: taxonomy, 93
Willia1985h: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 358, 361
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 235
WilliaBe2009: catalog, 12
Wouter1990: chemistry, 69
Yanin1975: taxonomy, 45
Zahrad1959a: taxonomy, 540
Zahrad1977: taxonomy, 121