Valid Names Results
Milviscutulus mangiferae (Green, 1889) (Coccidae: Milviscutulus)Nomenclatural History
- Lecanium mangiferae Green 1889: 249. Type data: SRI LANKA: Punduloya, on Mangifera indica.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name
- Coccus mangiferae (Green, 1889); Fernald 1903b: 172. change of combination
- Lecanium psidii Green 1904d: 225. Type data: SRI LANKA: Colombo, on Mangifera indica.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,122). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by WilliaWa1990, 122).
- Saissetia psidii (Green, 1904); Sanders 1906: 10. change of combination
- Coccus wardi (Green, 1904); Bodkin 1917: 108. change of combination
- Lecanium wardi Newstead 1917: 353. Type data: GUYANA: Georgetown, on Molucca Apple.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,122). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Willia1963, 100).
- Lecanium desolatum Green 1922a: 1020. Type data: SRI LANKA: Paradeniya, on Ficus gibbosa.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,122). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by WilliaWa1990, 122).
- Lecanium ixorae Green 1922a: 1022. Type data: SRI LANKA: Heneratgoda, on Ixora coccinea.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,122). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by WilliaWa1990, 122).
- Protopulvinaria mangiferae (Green, 1889); Steinweden 1929: 223. change of combination
- Coccus ixorae (Green, 1922); Green 1937: 303. change of combination
- Coccus kuraruensis Takahashi 1939e: 314. Type data: TAIWAN: Kuraru near Koshun, on lemon.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Taichung: Entomology Collection, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wu-feng, Taichung, Taiwan; junior synonym (discovered by TaoWoCh1983, 81).
- Eucalymnatus tessellates; Avidov & Ben-Haim 1950. misidentification (discovered by BenDov2012, 38).
- Protopulvinaria ixorae (Green, 1922); Takahashi 1955a: 37. change of combination
- Coccus desolatum (Green, 1922); Ali 1971: 23. change of combination
- Kilifia mangiferae (Green, 1889); Schmutterer 1990: 226. change of combination
- Milviscutulus mangiferae (Green, 1889); Williams & Watson 1990: 122. change of combination
- Ptoropulvinaria mangiferae; Danzig & Konstantinova 1990: 44. misspelling of genus name
- Udinia psidii (Green, 1904); Tang 1991: 222. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; change of combination
Common Names
- mango shield scale BenDov1993 HamonWi1984
- mango soft scale AbdRabEv2021
- Escama blanda del mango Kondo2022g
- kuchi-nashi-kata-kaigaramushi Kondo2022g
- mango-kata-kaigaramushi Kondo2022g
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 45 | Genera: 91
- Alismataceae
- Echinodorus | EFSA2023
- Anacardiaceae
- Campnosperma brevipetiolatum | WilliaWa1990
- Gluta tourtour | Mamet1959a
- Mangifera | Ali1971 Green1937 Ramakr1930
- Mangifera indica | Ali1971 Ballou1926 BenDovWiRa1975 DeLott1957c Green1889 Green1908a Hodgso1994a Mamet1943a Mamet1978 Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983 DanzigKo1990 Green1896 Green1904d Houser1918 KinjoNaHi1996 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Schinus terebinthifolia | BenDov2012
- Annonaceae
- Annona muricata | GrimshDo2007
- Oxandra lanceolata | MestreHaEv2011
- Uvaria rufa | Ballou1926
- Apocynaceae
- Alstonia spectabilis | WilliaWa1990
- Cascabela thevetia | BenDovWiRa1975 | (= Thevetia peruviana)
- Plumeria | Ali1971 BenDovWiRa1975
- Plumeria obtusa | LinKoGu2013
- Araceae
- Caladium | Nakaha1981a
- Epipremnum | WilliaWa1990
- Monstera deliciosa | WilliaWa1990
- Syngonium | EFSA2023
- Araliaceae
- Aralia | PadillMaNa2016
- Hedera helix | BenDov2012
- Meryta macrophylla | WilliaWa1990
- Schefflera | Jansen1995 WilliaWa1990
- Schefflera arboricola | Malump2018
- Arecaceae
- Cocos nucifera | Ali1971 Morris1920
- Asparagaceae
- Cordyline fruticosa | Jansen1995 | (= Cordyline terminalis)
- Dracaena | SuhBo2015
- Dracaena angustifolia | Jansen1995 WilliaWa1990 | (= Cordyline terminalis)
- Dracaena sanderiana | EFSA2023
- Asteraceae
- Wollastonia biflora | WilliaWa1990 | (= Wedelia biflora)
- Bixaceae
- Bixa orellana | Ballou1926
- Boraginaceae
- Cordia myxa | BenDovWiRa1975
- Bromeliaceae
- Ananas | WilliaWa1990
- Ananas comosus | MilleHeCa2016
- Caricaceae
- Carica papaya | BenDovWiRa1975
- Combretaceae
- Terminalia brassii | WilliaWa1990
- Terminalia catappa | WilliaWa1990
- Terminalia complanata | WilliaWa1990
- Convolvulaceae
- Merremia | WilliaWa1990
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros caribaea | MestreHoHa2015
- Elaeocarpaceae
- Elaeocarpus | Ali1971 WilliaWa1990
- Euphorbiaceae
- Codiaeum variegatum | Nakaha1981a
- Pimelodendron amboinicum | WilliaWa1990
- Fabaceae
- Gliricidia | WilliaWa1990
- Flagellariaceae
- Flagellaria | WilliaWa1990
- Gnetaceae
- Gnetum gnemon | WilliaWa1990
- Heptapleurum
- Heptapleurum | Suh2023
- Lamiaceae
- Ocimum tenuiflorum | JansenAl2023
- Vitex pinnata | Ali1971 | (= Vitex pubescens)
- Lauraceae
- Cinnamomum | Ali1971 Green1937 Matile1978
- Cinnamomum cassia | Ballou1926
- Cinnamomum montanum | MestreHaEv2011
- Cinnamomum verum | Mamet1943a | (= Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
- Laurus nobilis | BenDov2012
- Nectandra coriacea | MestreHoHa2015
- Neolitsea zeylanica | Ali1971 BenDovWiRa1975 Green1904d Green1937 Varshn1992 | (= Litsea zeylanica)
- Persea americana | Mamet1978
- Lecythidaceae
- Planchonia careya | GrimshDo2007
- Loranthaceae
- Loranthaceae | WilliaWa1990
- Malpighiaceae
- Malpighia glabra | Ballou1926
- Malvaceae
- Hibiscus | Nakaha1981a
- Meliaceae
- Azadirachta indica | JansenAl2023
- Melia azedarach | BenDov2012
- Moraceae
- Artocarpus | Ali1971
- Artocarpus altilis | Nakaha1983 Willia2010
- Artocarpus heterophyllus | BenDovWiRa1975 Green1904d Green1937 HamonWi1984 Mamet1951 | (= Artocarpus integrifolia)
- Artocarpus integer | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Artocarpus integra)
- Ficus | Ali1971
- Ficus copiosa | GrimshDo2007
- Ficus glandulifera | WilliaWa1990
- Ficus montana | WilliaMi2010
- Ficus septica | TaoWoCh1983
- Ficus theophrastoides | WilliaWa1990
- Ficus tinctoria | Ali1971 Green1922a Green1937 Varshn1992 WilliaWa1990 | including ssp. gibbosa (=Ficus gibbosa)
- Pseudolmedia spuria | Ballou1926 MestreHaEv2011
- Myristicaceae
- Gymnacranthera | WilliaWa1990
- Myristica fragrans | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1937 | (= Myristica moschata)
- Myrtaceae
- Blakella citriodora | BenDovWiRa1975 | (= Eucalyptus citriodora)
- Decaspermum | WilliaWa1990
- Eucalyptus deglupta | WilliaWa1990
- Eugenia | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1937
- Eugenia axillaris | Ballou1926
- Myrtus communis | BenDov2012
- Psidium friedrichsthalianum | Ballou1926
- Psidium guajava | Ali1971 BenDovWiRa1975 Green1904d Green1937
- Rhodomyrtus tomentosa | BenDovWiRa1975
- Syzygium | Ballou1926 Green1904a Green1904d WilliaWa1990 | (= Eugenia) (= Jambosa)
- Syzygium aqueum | Mamet1978 GrimshDo2007 | (= Eugenia aquea),
- Syzygium aromaticum | Mamet1943a Matile1978 | (= Eugenia caryophyllata)
- Syzygium branderhorstii | GrimshDo2007
- Syzygium cumini | KfirRo1980 Mamet1978 | (= Eugenia jambolana)
- Syzygium erythrocalyx | GrimshDo2007
- Syzygium graveolens | GrimshDo2007 | (= Acmena graveolens)
- Syzygium jambos | Ballou1926 BenDovWiRa1975 MestreHaEv2011 | (= Eugenia jambos),
- Syzygium parkeri | Mamet1959a | (= Eugenia parkeri)
- Syzygium suborbiculare | GrimshDo2007
- Oleaceae
- Jasminum | Ballou1926
- Ligustrum | BenDov2012 | x
- Opiliaceae
- Champereia manillana | TaoWoCh1983
- Orchidaceae
- Dendrobium spectabile | WilliaWa1990
- Vanilla | WilliaWa1990
- Phyllanthaceae
- Bischofia javanica | TaoWoCh1983
- Breynia cernua | WilliaWa1990
- Primulaceae
- Ardisia pachyrrhachis | GrimshDo2007 GrimshDo2007
- Myrsine guianensis | HamonWi1984 | (= Rapanea guianensis)
- Parathesis cubana | Ballou1926
- Rhizophoraceae
- Bruguiera gymnorhiza | GrimshDo2007
- Gynotroches axillaris | WilliaWa1990
- Rhizophora apiculata | WilliaWa1990
- Rhizophora mucronata | WilliaWa1990
- Rubiaceae
- Breonia chinensis | WilliaWa1990
- Gardenia jasminoides | Ballou1926 | (= Gardenia florida)
- Ixora coccinea | Ali1971 Green1922a Green1937
- Nauclea | WilliaMi2010 WilliaWa1990 | (= Platanocephalus)
- Psychotria | TaoWoCh1983
- Psychotria elliptica | Ali1971
- Timonius | WilliaWa1990
- Rutaceae
- Citrus aurantium | BenDov2012
- Citrus hystrix | EFSA2023
- Citrus limon | Ali1971 Takaha1939e
- Citrus sinensis | BenDovWiRa1975
- Rutaceae | DanzigKo1990
- Salicaceae
- Casearia aculeata | MestreHaEv2011
- Sapindaceae
- Blighia sapida | Ballou1926
- Guioa | WilliaWa1990
- Litchi chinensis | MilleHeCa2016
- Pometia pinnata | WilliaWa1990
- Sapotaceae
- Palaquium formosanum | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Solanaceae
- Brunfelsia nitida | Ballou1926
- Strelitziaceae
- Strelitzia | Nakaha1981a
Foes:
Families: 2 | Genera: 5
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus bimaculatus | AriasCRoHe2022
- Coccophagus bivittatus | AriasCRoHe2022
- Coccophagus lycimnia | AriasCRoHe2022
- Coccophagus pulvinariae | AriasCRoHe2022 | (= Coccophagus eritreaensis)
- Coccophagus scutellaris | AriasCRoHe2022
- Encyrtidae
- Diversinervus elegans | AriasCRoHe2022
- Gahaniella saissetiae | MyartsRuCo2016a
- Metaphycus swirskii | Blumbe1997 BlumbeSw1984
- Microterys nietneri | AriasCRoHe2022
Associates:
Families: 1 | Genera: 3
- Formicidae
- Crematogaster crinosa | AriasCRoHe2022
- Ectatomma ruidum | AriasCRoHe2022
- Formicidae | Varshn1992
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 72
- Agalega Islands | Mamet1978
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Antigua | Malump2018
- Barbuda | BenDovWiRa1975
- Australia
- Queensland | GrimshDo2007
- Bangladesh | BenDov1993
- Barbados | EFSA2023
- Brazil | BenDov1993
- Minas Gerais | MartinFoCu2015
- Sao Paulo | MartinFoCu2015
- China
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | MartinLa2011
- Christmas Island | AbbottGr2007
- Colombia | Kondo2001 KondoKa1995
- Comoros | BenDov1993
- Costa Rica | BenDovWiRa1975 Suh2023
- Cote d'Ivoire (=Ivory Coast) | Jansen1995
- Cuba | Ballou1926 Houser1918 MestreHaEv2011
- Dominica | EFSA2023
- Dominican Republic | BenDov1993
- Ecuador | BenDovWiRa1975
- Egypt | AbdRabEv2018
- El Salvador | BenDovWiRa1975
- Ethiopia | DeLott1959
- Fiji | WilliaWa1990
- French Guiana | EFSA2023
- Ghana | BenDovWiRa1975 JansenAl2023
- Grenada | EFSA2023
- Guadeloupe | MatileEt2006
- Guatemala | Willia2010
- Guiana | VayssiGoDe2017
- Guyana (=British Guiana) | Newste1917
- Haiti | PerezG2008
- Hawaiian Islands
- Hawaii | BenDov1993
- Honduras | BenDovWiRa1975
- India | Ali1971 Green1908a Mamet1943a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Bihar | Ali1971
- Kerala | EFSA2023
- Sikkim | EFSA2023
- Tamil Nadu | Ali1971
- West Bengal | Ali1971 Green1908a Varshn1992
- Indonesia
- Bali | Gavril2017b
- Irian Jaya | Gavril2013
- Java | Green1904a
- Sulawesi (=Celebes) | Gavril2013
- Israel | KfirRo1980
- Italy | PellizPo2014
- Jamaica | BenDov2012
- Japan | Kawai1980
- Kyushu | EFSA2023
- Kenya | DeLott1957c
- Laos |
- Madagascar | Mamet1951 Mamet1959a Mamet1962
- Malaysia | Ali1971
- Martinique | MatileEt2006
- Mauritius | Mamet1943a
- Mexico | Kambur1987
- Baja California Norte | Miller1996
- Chiapas | BenDovWiRa1975 CaballRa2018
- Colima | Miller1996
- Guerrero | Miller1996
- Jalisco | Miller1996
- Morelos | Miller1996
- Nayarit | AriasCRoHe2022
- Sinaloa | Miller1996
- Tamaulipas | Miller1996
- Veracruz | Miller1996
- New Caledonia | MilleHeCa2016
- Nicaragua | BenDovWiRa1975
- Pakistan | DanzigKo1990
- Palau | Mamet1943a
- Panama | BenDovWiRa1975
- Papua New Guinea | GrimshDo2007
- Peru | JansenAl2023
- Philippines | Ali1971 Mamet1943a
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | Martor1976 NakahaMi1981
- Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014 Mamet1943a
- Rodriques Island | BenDov1993
- Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) | KinjoNaHi1996
- Saint Croix | Beatty1944
- Seychelles | Mamet1943a
- Singapore | BenDov1993
- Solomon Islands | WilliaWa1990
- South Africa | DaneelMeJa1994
- Sri Lanka | Ali1971 Green1889 Green1896 Green1922a Hodgso1994a Mamet1943a
- Taiwan | Ali1971 DanzigKo1990 Mamet1943a WongChCh1999
- Tanzania | EFSA2023
- Thailand | Ali1971
- Tonga | WilliaWa1990
- Trinidad and Tobago | EFSA2023
- U.S. Virgin Islands | BenDovWiRa1975
- United States
- Florida | BenDovWiRa1975 HamonWi1984
- Texas | BenDovWiRa1975
- Venezuela | BenDovWiRa1975
- Vietnam | DanzigKo1990
- Western Samoa | WilliaWa1990
- Zanzibar | DeLott1957c
Keys
- Hodgso2020: pp.221-223 ( Adult (M) ) [Coccidae species]
- AbdRabEv2018: pp.94 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Milviscutulus]
- Tang1991: pp.77, 244 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
- WilliaWa1990: pp.121 ( Adult (F) ) [Tropical South Pacific]
- HamonWi1984: pp.78 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Florida]
- TaoWoCh1983: pp.81 ( Adult (F) ) [Taiwan]
- Kawai1980: pp.147 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
- Beards1966: pp.482 ( Adult (F) ) [Micronesia]
- DeLott1959: pp.153-154 ( Adult (F) ) [Ethiopian Coccus sp.] Key as: Coccus mangiferae
- Zimmer1948: pp.293 ( Adult (F) ) [Hawaii]
Remarks
- Systematics: Subfamily: Coccinae A, Pulvinarini (Choi & Lee, 2019) GeneBank Accession No. AB439533 (Yokogawa & Yahara, 2009). Live specimens of Milviscutulus mangiferae are very similar to Protopulvinaria pyriformis. (Pellizzari & Porceleli, 2014) Milviscutulus mangiferae is also similar to Protopulvinaria longivalvata in body shape and the position of the anal plates on the dorsum but differs by lacking distorted coxae (present in P. longivalvata), and shorter anal plates (long in P. longivalvata). (Abd-Rabou & Evans, 2018)
- Structure: See colour photograph in Hamon & Williams (1984), Hodgson (1994a), Wong et al. (1999). Crawler: is flat and light yellow (Ben-Dov et al., 1975). Adult: body of female flat, 4–5 mm in length, covered by a pale-green, shiny, almost transparent shield that tends to become brown, opaque and somewhat convex when and after producing eggs (Plant Pests of the Middle East, online). The body is almost triangular, bluntly pointed at the anterior apex, broadly rounded posteriorly. Preovipositing females are yellowish – green. The dorsal surface of a fully grown reproducing female is sclerotized and brown (Ben-Dov et al., 1975).
- Biology: This pest develops three annual generation in the Coastal Plain, Israel; nymphs of the first generation appear in March-May, of second generation in early June, and those of third generation in Sptember (Avidov & Zaitzov, 1960). Reproduction is parthenogenetic, however Otanes (1936) and Avidov & Zaitzov (1960) reported on the occurrence of males at a very low rate. Blumberg & Swirski (1984) studied the encapsulation response to parasitoids. Reported as a mango pest in Israel (Avidov & Harpaz, 1969) and South Africa (Kamburov, 1987). Wysoki et al. (1993) reviewed the biology, economic importance, natural enemies and control in Israel. Buckley & Gullan (1991) showed, in Papua New Guinea, that attendance by the aggressive ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius), reduces the rate of parasitization.
- Economic Importance: This species damages mangos by direct feeding on the plant juices and by the reduction of photosynthetic capacity as a result of its production of ‘honeydew’ and the subsequent growth of sooty mold on the leaves. Heavy infestations may result in reduced tree vigour and leaf size, causing yellowing of the leaves, leaf drop and death of branches. (Abd-Rabou & Evans, 2018)
- General Remarks: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Zimmerman (1948), De Lotto (1957c), Ben-Dov et al. (1975), Tao et al. (1983), Hamon & Williams (1984), Williams & Watson (1990), Tang (1991) and by Hodgson (1994a).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbbottGr2007: biological control, distribution, ecology, host, 1238-1246
- AbdRabEv2018: description, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key,
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 29
- Ali1971: distribution, host, 23,26-27,45
- AriasCRoHe2022: ant association, distribution, host, illustration, natural enemies, 86, 88, 90-92
- Ballou1926: catalog, distribution, host, 20
- Beards1966: distribution, host, 482,485
- Beatty1944: distribution, host, 114-172
- BenDov1993: catalog, 186-188
- BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 26, 43
- BenDovWiRa1975: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 1-17
- Blumbe1997: biological control, ecology, 225-236
- BlumbeSw1984: biological control, economic importance, life history, 29-35
- Bodkin1917: distribution, host, 108
- BuckleGu1991: biological control, distribution, host, taxonomy, 282-286
- CaballRa2018: distribution, 2
- CamachCh2015: host, 7
- ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
- ChoiSoLe2018: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 42-44
- Cocker1893g: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 49
- Cocker1893j: distribution, host, 254
- Cocker1894d: taxonomy, 311
- Cocker1894i: biological control, description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 19
- Cocker1896b: distribution, host, 332
- Cocker1902p: distribution, host, 255
- Daneel2001: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 214-216
- DaneelMeJa1994: distribution, host, 72
- DanzigKo1990: distribution, host, 44-45
- DeLott1957c: distribution, host, 303-305
- DeLott1959: distribution, key, taxonomy, 152, 154
- DixLuMoKu2019: morphology, 253
- EFSA2021a: biology, distribution, economic importance, host, 22, 100-101, 107
- EFSA2023: control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy,
- Esaki1940a: distribution, host, 274-280
- Fernal1903b: 172
- Gavril2013: distribution, 81
- Gavril2017b: distribution, 145
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 230
- GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, 22
- GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
- GomezPBaLa2017: symbiont,
- Green1889: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 249-251
- Green1896: distribution, host, 9
- Green1904a: distribution, host, 205
- Green1904d: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 216,225
- Green1908a: distribution, host, 30
- Green1922a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 1020,1022
- Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 301-303
- GrimshDo2007: distribution, economic importance, host, 96-98
- GroveDe2017: distribution, host, 300
- GroveDeDa2013: distribution, host, 378
- Guzman2004: distribution, economic importance, host, physiology, 195-199
- HamonWi1984: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 80-82
- Hodgso1994a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 376-379
- Hodgso2020: key, 222
- Houser1918: distribution, host, 160
- Jansen1995: distribution, host, 134
- JansenAl2023: ELISA, dispersal, host, 23
- Kambur1987: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 10-11
- Kasuya2000: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 629-632
- Kawai1972: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 14
- Kawai1980: distribution, host, taxonomy, 147
- KfirRo1980: biological control, distribution, host, 116-117
- KinjoNaHi1996: distribution, host, 126
- Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 42
- Kondo2010: distribution, host, 41-44
- Kondo2022g: control, distribution, host, illustration, 278-281
- KondoKa1995: distribution, host, 57-58
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 10
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 78
- LinKoGu2013: distribution, host, molecular data, phylogeny, taxonomy, 253, 258
- Malump2018: distribution, host, illustration, 54
- Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 152
- Mamet1949: catalog, distribution, host, 25
- Mamet1951: distribution, host, 224
- Mamet1959a: distribution, host, 376
- Mamet1962: distribution, host, 160
- Mamet1978: distribution, host, 105
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, 36
- Martor1976: distribution, host, 17,26,165,179,243
- Matile1978: distribution, host, 48
- MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 165
- MestreHaEv2011: distribution, host, 7
- MestreHoHa2015: distribution, host, infra-red, 8
- MestreKo2018: distribution, 5
- Meurge2011: distribution, 80
- MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, 134
- Miller1996: catalog, distribution, host, 70
- MillerWi1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 351
- Mohamm1963: distribution, host, taxonomy, 129-130
- MohyudMa1993: biological control, distribution, host, 467-483
- Morris1920: distribution, host, 190
- MyartsRuCo2016a: natural enemies, 781
- Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, 392
- Nakaha1983: distribution, host, 4
- NakahaMi1981: distribution, host, 30
- NeumanODGu2016: ant association, dispersal, distribution, host, 159-166
- Newste1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 353-354
- Otanes1936: biological control, chemical control, description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 133-138
- OuvrarKoGu2013: economic importance, 3
- PadillMaNa2016: distribution, host, 554
- PanisMa1976: distribution, host, 7
- PellizPo2014: distribution, host, 4
- PerezG2008: distribution, 213
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 350
- Ramakr1930: distribution, host, 50
- Reboul1976: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- Reyne1961: distribution, host, 124-125
- RossHaOk2012: phylogeny, taxonomy, 199
- Sander1906: catalog, 10
- Schmut1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 226-228
- Schmut2001: distribution, host, 339-345
- ShafeeYoKh1989: distribution, host, 53
- SilvadGoGa1968: catalog,
- Steinw1929: description, taxonomy, 223
- Su1982: distribution, 61
- Suh2023: distribution, host, 6
- SwirskWyIz2002: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 85-86
- Takaha1928: distribution, host, 341
- Takaha1929: distribution, host, 52
- Takaha1932a: distribution, host, 105
- Takaha1936c: distribution, host, 116
- Takaha1939e: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 314-316
- Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 17
- Takaha1942d: distribution, host, 353
- Takaha1950: distribution, host, 71
- Takaha1952: distribution, host, 16
- Takaha1955: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 37
- Tang1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 74-75
- Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 82,222,245-249
- Tao1978: distribution, host, 81
- Tao1989: catalog, distribution, 59
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 60
- TaoWoCh1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 81-82
- TrujilOtOr2017: chemical control,
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 84,85-86,100
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 103
- Varshn1994: distribution, host, 345
- VayssiGoDe2017: distribution, host, 297-298
- Vernal1953: distribution, host, 132
- Wang1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 30-31
- Watson2021: distribution, 521
- Willia1963: taxonomy, 100
- Willia2001: distribution, 225-227
- Willia2010: distribution, host, 144-152
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 209, 211, 213, 216
- Willia2017b: list of species, taxonomy, 599
- WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 19,27,28,31,48
- WilliaMi2010: distribution, host, 45
- WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 122-128
- WilliaWi1988: distribution, host, 58
- WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 15,53
- WysokiBeSw1993: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 457-458
- Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 169-170,191
- YokogaYa2009: genebank, molecular data, phylogeny, 57-66
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 159
- Zimmer1948: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 306-309
