Valid Names Results
Eucalymnatus tessellatus (Signoret, 1873) (Coccidae: Eucalymnatus)Nomenclatural History
- Lecanium tessellatum Signoret 1873a: 401. Type data: FRANCE: Montpellier, in a greenhouse, on Caryota ursus.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (RayWi1981,231). Type depository: Vienna: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; accepted valid name
- Lecanium perforatum Newstead 1894b: 233. Type data: ENGLAND: Kew, on Caryota cumingii.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,107). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Green1922a, 461).
- Lecanium tessellatum perforatum Newstead, 1894; Cockerell 1897d: 90. change in status (level)
- Lecanium tessellatum swainsonae Cockerell 1897h: 109. Type data: JAMAICA: on lignumvitae [=Guaiacum sanctum].. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by RayWi1981, 231).
- Lecanium (Eucalymnatus) tessellatum Signoret, 1873; Cockerell & Parrott 1901: 57. change of combination
- Coccus perforatum (Newstead, 1894); Kirkaldy 1902: 106. change of combination
- Coccus tessellatum (Signoret, 1873); Kirkaldy 1902: 106. change of combination
- Eucalymnatus tessellatus (Signoret, 1873); Cockerell 1902k: 453. change of combination
- Eucalymnatus perforatus (Newstead, 1894); Fernald 1903b: 166. change of combination
- Eucalymnatus tessellatus swainsonae (Cockerell, 1897); Fernald 1903b: 167. change of combination
- Lecanium subtessellatum Green 1904d: 206. Type data: SRI LANKA: Kandy, on undetermined tree.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,107). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Green1907, 205).
- Eucalymnatus subtessellatus (Green, 1904); Sanders 1906: 7. change of combination
- Lecanium (Eucalymnatus) tessellatum prforatum; Newstead, 1914; Newstead 1914a: 306. subsequent use
- Lecanium (Eucalymnatus) perforatum; Newstead, 1894; Pettit & McDaniel 1920: 18. subsequent use
- Lecanium tessellatum obsoletum Green 1922b: 1024. Type data: SRI LANKA: Matale, on Myrtus communis.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,107). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Green1937, 300).
- Lecanium tesselatum Signoret, 1873; Ramakrishna Ayyar 1926: 454. misspelling of species epithet
- Lecanium tesselatum obsoletum Green, 1922; Ramakrishna Ayyar 1926: 454. misspelling of species epithet
- Eucalymnatus tesselatus (Signoret, 1873); Balachowsky 1927: 185. misspelling of species epithet
- Eucalymnatus tesselatus (Signoret, 1873); Granara de Willink 1999: 94. misspelling of species epithet
- Eucalymnatus tessellates (Signoret, 1873); Kakoti, et al. 2022: 8. misspelling of species epithet
Common Names
- cochonilha-reticulata CarvalAg1997
- palm scale Gill1988
- tessellated scale BenDov1993 Gill1988 HamonWi1984
- tessellated soft scale AbdRabEv2021
- сетчатая ложнощитовка Kondo2022f
- escama blanda teselada Kondo2022f
- cochenille plate des serres Kondo2022f
- الحشرة القشرية الفسيفاءية AbdRab2012
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 58 | Genera: 126
- Acanthaceae
- Sanchezia | EzzatHu1969
- Sanchezia nobilis | Hall1925
- Anacardiaceae
- Mangifera | HodgsoHi1990
- Mangifera indica | Ali1971 DeLott1965a JhalaPaSh1989 Mamet1943a Matile1978 Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983
- Schinus terebinthifolia | WilliaWa1990 | (= Schinus terebinthifolius)
- Annonaceae
- Annona muricata | Beards1966 Kondo2008a
- Apocynaceae
- Alyxia stellata | Nakaha1981a | (= Alyxia olivaeformis)
- Calotropis gigantea | WilliaWa1990
- Cerbera | HodgsoHi1990
- Nerium | HodgsoHi1990
- Nerium oleander | WilliaWa1990
- Plumeria rubra | Mamet1943a WilliaWa1990 WilliaWi1988 | (= Plumeria acutifolia)
- Tabernaemontana | JansenAl2023
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex cassine | HamonWi1984
- Araceae
- Alocasia macrorrhizos | MilleHeCa2016
- Anthurium | Mamet1943a
- Anthurium andraeanum | Nakaha1981a
- Epipremnum aureum | WilliaWa1990 | (= Scindapsus aureus)
- Philodendron lacerum | MestreHoHa2015
- Araliaceae
- Hedera | HodgsoHi1990
- Heptapleurum actinophyllum | Nakaha1981a | (= Brassaia actinophylla) (= Schefflera actinophylla)
- Meryta angustifolia | WilliaWa1990
- Plerandra | HodgsoHi1990 | (= Dizygotheca)
- Schefflera | HodgsoHi1990
- Arecaceae
- Aiphanes horrida | Ballou1926 | (= Martinezia caryotaefolia)
- Archontophoenix cunninghamiana | Nakaha1981a | (= Archontophoenix cunninghamii)
- Areca | CostaL1923a
- Arecaceae | Granar1999 HodgsoHi1990 Ramakr1930
- Arenga engleri | KawaiMaUm1971
- Arenga pinnata | KozarzRe1975 | (= Arenga saccharifera)
- Caryota | EzzatHu1969 Hall1925 Hodgso1994a | (= Caryotus)
- Caryota cumingii | Hodgso1994a
- Caryota mitis | KozarzRe1975 Lindin1907b SolisATeGo1992 | (= Caryota sobolifera)
- Caryota rumphiana | WilliaWi1988
- Caryota urens | Ali1971 Ballou1926 Green1896 Green1904d Green1937 HamonWi1984 Signor1873a | (=Caryota ursus)
- Cocos | HodgsoHi1990 Laing1933
- Cocos nucifera | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1907 Mamet1943a Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983
- Dypsis decaryi | HamonWi1984 | (= Neodypsis decaryi )
- Dypsis lutescens | Ballou1926 Mamet1943a Mamet1952 WilliaWi1988 | (= Chrysalidocarpus lutescens)
- Elaeis guineensis | WilliaWa1990
- Howea | Leonar1918 | (= Kentia)
- Howea belmoreana | GomezM1958b | (= Kentia balmoreana)
- Howea forsteriana | Marott1987 | (= Howeia forsterana)
- Latania lontaroides | MilleHeCa2016 | (= Latania commersonii)
- Latania verschaffeltii | Mamet1943a
- Livistona chinensis | WilliaWi1988
- Nypa fruticans | Beards1966
- Phoenix | Nakaha1981a
- Phoenix canariensis | Balach1927 Balach1939 VieiraCaPi1983
- Phoenix dactylifera | GomezM1958b
- Phoenix roebelenii | Ballou1926 TaoWoCh1983 | (= Phoenix roebelinii)
- Rhapis excelsa | Balach1927
- Rhapis humilis | KawaiMaUm1971 SolisATeGo1992
- Roystonea | HodgsoHi1990 | (= Roystonia)
- Roystonea regia | MilleHeCa2016 | (= Oreodoxa regia)
- Sabal palmetto | Nakaha1983 | (= Sabal blackburniana)
- Trachycarpus fortunei | Balach1927 | (= Chamaerops excelsa)
- Washingtonia | SolisATeGo1992
- Asteraceae
- Baccharis halimifolia | HamonWi1984
- Fitchia | WilliaWa1990
- Bignoniaceae
- Crescentia | BugajNJuKa2021
- Calophyllaceae
- Calophyllum | Ali1971 Beards1966 HodgsoHi1990 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Calophyllum calaba | MestreHaEv2011
- Calophyllum inophyllum | Ali1971 Mamet1943a TaoWoCh1983
- Cannaceae
- Canna indica | MilleHeCa2016
- Caricaceae
- Carica papaya | Mamet1943a WilliaWa1990
- Celastraceae
- Salacia | WilliaWa1990
- Costaceae
- Costus spicatus | MestreHoHa2015
- Cucurbitaceae
- Cucurbitaceae | WilliaWa1990
- Cyperaceae
- Scleria lithosperma | MestreHaEv2011
- Elaeocarpaceae
- Elaeocarpus | Nakaha1981a
- Euphorbiaceae
- Aleurites moluccana | MilleHeCa2016
- Hura | BugajNJuKa2021
- Jatropha integerrima | MestreHaEv2011
- Evodia
- Evodia | WilliaWa1990
- Fabaceae
- Acacia farnesiana | Varshn1992 | (= Mimosa indica)
- Cajanus cajan | Mamet1943a WilliaWi1988
- Flagellariaceae
- Flagellaria | WilliaWa1990
- Gnetaceae
- Gnetum gnemon | WilliaWa1990
- Goodeniaceae
- Scaevola | Nakaha1981a
- Scaevola taccada | Green1907 Mamet1943a | (= Scaevola koenigii)
- Heliconiaceae
- Heliconia | WilliaWa1990
- Lamiaceae
- Premna | WilliaWa1990
- Lauraceae
- Cinnamomum | Ali1971 Green1904d
- Cinnamomum cassia | Ballou1926
- Cinnamomum elegans | WilliaWa1990
- Cinnamomum montanum | MestreHoHa2015
- Cinnamomum verum | Ali1971 Mamet1943a TaoWoCh1983 WilliaBu1987 | (= Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
- Cryptocarya elegans | WilliaWa1990
- Laurus | HodgsoHi1990
- Laurus nobilis | BatsanKaKi2017
- Litsea | Ali1971 Green1904d
- Machilus | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Nectandra coriacea | MestreHaEv2011
- Persea | HamonWi1984
- Lecythidaceae
- Barringtonia asiatica | WilliaWa1990
- Linaceae
- Linum grandiflorum | BatsanKaKi2017
- Lythraceae
- Sonneratia caseolaris | Beards1966 | (= Sonneratia casseolaris)
- Malpighiaceae
- Hiptage benghalensis | Ali1971 Green1904d | (= Hiptage madablota)
- Malpighia glabra | Koteja1972
- Malvaceae
- Ceiba pentandra | Green1904a | (= Eriodendron anfractuosum )
- Heritiera littoralis | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Lagunaria patersonii | WilliaWa1990
- Pterospermum acerifolium | Leonar1918 Marott1987
- Theobroma cacao | WilliaWa1990
- Marantaceae
- Thaumatococcus | JansenAl2023
- Meliaceae
- Aglaia elaeagnoidea | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983 | (= Aglaia formosana)
- Moraceae
- Brosimum | BugajNJuKa2021
- Ficus | HodgsoHi1990
- Ficus aurea | RayWi1981
- Ficus benjamina | Balach1927 | (= Ficus nitida)
- Ficus boninsimae | KawaiMaUm1971
- Ficus carica | Balach1927
- Ficus elastica | Ali1971 Balach1927 TaoWoCh1983
- Ficus religiosa | Ballou1926
- Ficus tinctoria | WilliaWa1990
- Musaceae
- Musa paradisiaca | WilliaWa1990 | (= Musa sapientum)
- Myrtaceae
- Blakella citriodora | Mamet1943a | (= Eucalyptus citriodora)
- Eugenia | Ali1971 Cocker1897k HodgsoHi1990 Mamet1956
- Metrosideros | Nakaha1981a
- Metrosideros boninensis | KawaiMaUm1971
- Myrtus | Ali1971
- Myrtus communis | Green1922a
- Pimenta | HodgsoHi1990
- Psidium guajava | Mamet1943a Nakaha1981a WilliaBu1987
- Syzygium aqueum | WilliaWa1990
- Syzygium aromaticum | Hodgso1994a Mamet1943a Matile1978 | (= Eugenia caryophyllata)
- Syzygium buxifolium | KawaiMaUm1971
- Syzygium cumini | Nakaha1981a Newste1914 | (= Eugenia cumini, Eugenia jambolana)
- Syzygium jambos | Cocker1897k Mamet1954 MestreHaEv2011 | (= Eugenia jamrosa, Eugenia jambos)
- Syzygium malaccense | MestreHoHa2015 | (= Eugenia malaccensis)
- Oleaceae
- Jasminum | RayWi1981
- Olea europaea | WilliaWa1990 | (= Olea verrucosa)
- Orchidaceae
- Calanthe | WilliaWa1990
- Vanilla | WilliaWa1990
- Pandanaceae
- Pandanus | WilliaWa1990
- Phyllanthaceae
- Bischofia javanica | KawaiMaUm1971
- Pittosporaceae
- Pittosporum | HodgsoHi1990
- Pittosporum bracteolatum | WilliaWa1990
- Polygonaceae
- Muehlenbeckia | HodgsoHi1990
- Polypodiaceae
- Campyloneurum phyllitidis | MestreHoHa2015
- Pontederiaceae
- Eichhornia crassipes | Mamet1943a | (= Eichornia crassipes)
- Primulaceae
- Ardisia | NakahaMi1981
- Ardisia sieboldii | KawaiMaUm1971
- Maesa indica | Ali1971 Green1904d
- Wallenia laurifolia | MestreHoHa2015
- Pteridaceae
- Adiantum | HodgsoHi1990
- Putranjivaceae
- Drypetes integerrima | KawaiMaUm1971
- Rubiaceae
- Coffea | Green1907 Mamet1943a
- Gardenia | Nakaha1981a
- Gardenia jasminoides | Nakaha1981a
- Gardenia taitensis | WilliaWa1990 | (=Randia tahitensis)
- Morinda citrifolia | WilliaWa1990
- Timonius | WilliaWa1990
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | Balach1927 CarvalAg1997 HodgsoHi1990
- Citrus aurantiifolia | WilliaWa1990
- Citrus aurantium | WilliaWa1990
- Citrus limon | WilliaWa1990
- Citrus paradisi | WilliaWa1990
- Citrus reticulata | WilliaWa1990
- Rutaceae | DanzigKo1990
- Sapindaceae
- Dimocarpus longan | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983 | (= Euphoria longana)
- Dodonaea viscosa | WilliaWa1990
- Litchi chinensis | Nakaha1981a
- Nephelium | HodgsoHi1990
- Nephelium ramboutan-ake | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Sapindus | Ramakr1930
- Sapotaceae
- Chrysophyllum cainito | Nakaha1983
- Palaquium formosanum | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Solanaceae
- Espadaea amoena | Ballou1926
- Solanum wendlandii | Mamet1943a WilliaWi1988
- Theaceae
- Schima mertensiana | KawaiMaUm1971
- Urticaceae
- Boehmeria | Nakaha1981a
- Pilea urticifolia | WilliaWi1988
- Verbenaceae
- Lantana | Balach1939
- Lantana camara | VieiraCaPi1983
- Zingiberaceae
- Alpinia purpurata | WilliaWa1990
- Elettaria cardamomum | WilliaWa1990
- Zingiber officinale | Nakaha1981a
- Zygophyllaceae
- Guaiacum sanctum | Cocker1897r
Foes:
Families: 4 | Genera: 10
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus ceroplastae | Kondo2022f
- Coccophagus diminutus | Kondo2022f
- Coccophagus lycimnia | Kondo2022f
- Coccophagus pumilus | Kondo2022f
- Coccinellidae
- Chilocorus nigritus | Kondo2022f
- Exochomus flavipes | Kondo2022f
- Exochomus ventralis | Kondo2022f
- Cordycipitaceae
- Lecanicillium lecanii | Kondo2022f
- Encyrtidae
- Anicetus annulatus | Kondo2022f
- Encyrtus aurantii | MifsudFsMa2012
- Encyrtus swederi | Kondo2022f
- Gahaniella saissetiae | Kondo2022f
- Metaphycus danzigae | Kondo2022f
- Metaphycus helvolus | Kondo2022f
- Metaphycus stanleyi | CeballBaCh2011
- Microterys nietneri | Schmut1955b | (= Microterys frontatus)
- Microterys roseni | Kondo2022f
- Tonkinencyrtus paradoxus | Sugony2002 Kondo2022f
Associates:
Families: 3 | Genera: 3
- Formicidae
- Technomyrmex detorquens | Kondo2022f
- Ophiocordycipitaceae
- Ophiocordyceps | DengYuWa2021
- Rhizobiaceae
- Rhizobiaceae | QiLiZh2025
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 82
- Algeria | Balach1927 Mamet1943a
- Argentina
- Cordoba | Granar1999
- Australia | Kirkal1902 Mamet1943a
- New South Wales | Frogga1915
- Bermuda | HodgsoHi1990 HodgsoHi1991
- Bonin Islands (=Ogasawara-Gunto) | Kawai1987
- Brazil
- Espirito Santo | CulikMaVe2007
- Rio Grande do Sul | BenDov1993
- Rio de Janeiro | CostaL1923a
- Sao Paulo | BenDov1993
- Bulgaria | Tsalev1968
- Canary Islands | BenDov1993
- Cape Verde | SchmutPiKl1978 VanHarCoWi1990
- Chile | Gonzal2016
- China
- Xizang (=Tibet) | TangLi1988
- Colombia | Kondo2001 Kondo2008a
- Comoros | Mamet1960
- Cook Islands | WilliaWa1990
- Costa Rica | JansenAl2023
- Cuba | Ballou1926 MestreHaEv2011
- Denmark | CABI1982a
- Dominican Republic | BenDov1993
- Egypt | EzzatHu1969 Hall1925 Hodgso1994a Mamet1943a
- Ethiopia | DeLott1959
- Federated States of Micronesia
- Caroline Islands | Mamet1943a
- Pohnpei Island | BenDov1993
- Truk Islands | BenDov1993
- Fiji | WilliaWa1990
- France | Balach1939 FoldiGe2018 Mamet1943a
- French Guiana | Kondo2022f
- French Polynesia
- Society Islands | DoaneHa1909
- Georgia (Republic of) | BenDov1993
- Germany | Lindin1907b
- Guadeloupe | MatileEt2006
- Guatemala | Willia2010
- Guiana | GermaiDeLa2016
- Guyana (=British Guiana) | Mamet1943a Newste1914 Newste1917b
- Haiti | PerezG2008
- Hawaiian Islands
- Hawaii | Kirkal1902 Kirkal1904 Mamet1943a
- Honduras | JansenAl2023
- Hungary | KozarKoFe2013
- India | Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Gujarat | Ramakr1919a
- Tamil Nadu | Ali1971
- Indonesia | HamonWi1984
- Java | Ali1971 Green1904a
- Italy | BenDov1993
- Jamaica | CABI1982a
- Japan | Kuwana1917 Mamet1943a
- Honshu | Kondo2022f
- Kenya | DeLott1965a
- Kiribati | WilliaWa1990
- Laos | ChoiSoLe2018
- Madagascar | Mamet1951 Mamet1954 Mamet1959a
- Madeira Islands | CarvalAg1997 CarvalFrAg1996
- Malaysia | Ali1971
- Martinique | MatileEt2006
- Mauritius | Mamet1943a
- Mexico | Kondo2022f
- Morocco | Mamet1943a
- New Caledonia | Laing1933
- Norfolk Island | WilliaWa1990
- Palau | Beards1966
- Papua New Guinea | WilliaWa1990
- Poland | Koteja1972
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | Martor1976 NakahaMi1981
- Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014 Mamet1952
- Russia
- St. Petersburg (=Leningrad) Oblast | CABI1982a
- Saint Croix | Beatty1944
- Saint Lucia | Malump2014a
- Seychelles | Green1907 Green1914d Mamet1943a
- Farquhar Island | Green1907
- Providence Island | BenDov1993
- Solomon Islands | Frogga1915
- South Africa | Mamet1943a
- South Korea | BenDov1993
- Spain | BenDov1993
- Sri Lanka | Ali1971 Green1896 Green1904d Green1922a Green1937 Mamet1943a
- Sweden | BenDov1993
- Taiwan | Ali1971 Mamet1943a WongChCh1999
- Tanzania | HertinSi1972
- Thailand | Ali1971
- Tonga | WilliaWa1990
- Turkey | CebeciSe2004 KaydanUlEr2007
- Tuvalu | BenDov1993
- U.S. Virgin Islands | BenDov1993
- Ukraine
- Krym (=Crimea) Oblast | BenDov1993
- Odessa Oblast | CABI1982a
- United Kingdom
- England | Mamet1943a Newste1900a
- United States
- Alabama | HamonWi1984
- Arkansas | HamonWi1984
- California | Cocker1895x
- District of Columbia | HamonWi1984
- Florida | Cocker1897k HamonWi1984
- Illinois | HamonWi1984
- Indiana | HamonWi1984
- Kansas | HamonWi1984
- Louisiana | HamonWi1984
- Maryland | HamonWi1984
- Massachusetts | King1899b
- Michigan | HamonWi1984
- Missouri | HamonWi1984
- New Jersey | HamonWi1984
- New York | HamonWi1984
- Ohio | HamonWi1984
- Pennsylvania | HamonWi1984
- South Carolina | HamonWi1984
- Tennessee | HamonWi1984
- Texas | HamonWi1984
- Vanuatu (=New Hebrides) | WilliaBu1987
- Venezuela | BenDov1993
- Vietnam | DanzigKo1990
- Western Samoa | DoaneFe1916 | Kondo2022f
- Zanzibar | Hodgso1994a Mamet1956
Keys
- ChoiSoLe2018: pp.6-7 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae in Laos]
- MohammMo2013: pp.146-148 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species and subspecies of family coccidae in Egypt]
- Koszta1996: pp.324 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastren North America]
- EzzatHu1969: pp.373 ( Adult (F) ) [Egypt]
Remarks
- Systematics: Slide-mounted specimens of young, untessellated females resemble females of Coccus hesperidum, but they can be differentiated by the following combination of features (features of C. hesperidum in parentheses): (i) dorsal setae sharply spinose, curved (dorsal setae short, straight, gently pointed); and (ii) ventral tubular ducts absent (ventral tubular ducts mainly in medial zone of abdomen and thorax, usually forming a group near base of each mesothoracic coxa, a few near labium, occasionally with 1 or 2 on submargin). (Kondo, 2022f)
- Structure: Adult female 2-5 mm long; oval or pyriform in outline; flat; colour red to dark brown. Fully grown female distinguished by the dorsal pattern of polygonal areas (tessellations). Colour photograph by Kawai (1980, Fig. 6.15), Carvalho & Aguiar (1997), Wong et al. (1999) and by Germain et al. (2003). Sometimes with a mid-dorsal ridge; covered with a thin layer of translucent wax. Ovisac absent. Slide-mounted adult female body pyriform, sometimes oval or slightly asymmetrical, 1.7–4.0 mm long, 0.9–3.0 mm wide. Stigmatic clefts shallow; anal cleft deep, about 1/4 of body length. Dorsal derm membranous initially, becoming heavily sclerotized and tessellated in older specimens.(Kondo, 2022f)
- Biology: Males of E. tessellatus are unknown; the species reproduces by parthenogenesis and is ovoviviparous; eggs hatch within the female’s body, being born as first instar nymphs. (Kondo, 2022f)
- Economic Importance: An occasional pest in greenhouses in USA, Florida (Dekle, 1973). Natural enemies listed by Borchsenius (1957).
- General Remarks: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Zimmerman (1948), Ezzat & Hussein (1969), Tao et al. (1983), Hamon & Williams (1984), Gill (1988), Williams & Watson (1990), Tang (1991), Hodgson (1994a) and by Granara de Willink (1999). Good description of the adult female given by Borchsenius (1957).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRab2012: distribution, list, 607
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 29
- Ali1971: distribution, host, 31
- Archan1929: distribution, host, 195
- ArouaKaBe2019: distribution, host,
- Balach1927: distribution, host, 185
- Balach1939: distribution, host, 257
- Ballou1926: catalog, distribution, host, 23
- BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 254
- Beards1966: distribution, host, taxonomy, 488
- Beatty1944: distribution, host, 114-172
- BelkacWaPo2025: distribution, 4
- BenDov1993: catalog, 120-122
- Bodenh1953a: distribution, host, 94
- Borchs1937: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 85-86
- Borchs1950b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 146
- Borchs1957: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 306-308
- Buchne1953: structure, taxonomy, 211-215
- Buchne1965: structure, taxonomy, 232-233
- BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 293
- CamachCh2015: host, life history, 4, 7
- CarvalAg1997: description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 168-170
- CarvalFrAg1996: distribution, host, 614
- CeballBaCh2011: biological control, distribution, 62-65
- CebeciSe2004: distribution, host, 210
- ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
- ChoiSoLe2018: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 35
- Cocker1893g: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 51-52
- Cocker1893j: distribution, host, 254
- Cocker1893l: taxonomy,
- Cocker1894d: taxonomy, 311
- Cocker1894i: biological control, description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 19
- Cocker1895x: distribution, host, taxonomy, 257
- Cocker1896b: distribution, 331
- Cocker1897k: distribution, host, taxonomy, 90
- Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 393
- Cocker1902k: taxonomy, 453
- Compto1924: chemical control, 222-225
- CorseuBa1971: distribution, host, 238
- CostaL1923a: distribution, host, 36
- CulikMaVe2007: distribution, host, 1-5
- Danzig1972: distribution, host, 201
- DanzigKo1990: distribution, host, 44
- DeLott1959: distribution, taxonomy, 153
- DeLott1965a: distribution, host, 193
- Dekle1973: description, distribution, economic importance, life history, taxonomy,
- Dekle1999: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 90
- DengYuWa2021: illustration, symbionts, 4
- DietzMo1916a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 243-245
- DoaneFe1916: distribution, host, 399
- DoaneHa1909: distribution, host, 297
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 113
- ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 112
- EzzatHu1969: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 398-399
- EzzatNa1987: distribution, 86
- FDACS2010: distribution, host, 3
- Fernal1903b: catalog, 166-167
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 8
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 5,22
- Frogga1915: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 613
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 230
- GermaiDeLa2016: distribution, host, 2
- GermaiMaPi2002: distribution, host, 255
- GermaiMaPi2003: distribution, host, structure, 23
- GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, 22
- Gill1988: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 38-39
- GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
- GithaeOnNd2021: distribution, host, 81
- GomezM1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 302-304
- GomezM1958b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 70-73
- Gonzal2016: distribution, 52-53
- Granar1999: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 94-96
- GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 625-637
- Greath1971: biological control, distribution, host,
- Green1896: distribution, host, 9
- Green1904a: distribution, host, 206
- Green1904d: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 206-208
- Green1907: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 200,205
- Green1914d: distribution, host, 47
- Green1922a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 1024
- Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 300-301
- Hadzib1983: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 130
- Hall1925: distribution, host, taxonomy, 11-12
- HamonWi1984: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 50-53
- Hempel1904: distribution, host, 316
- Hodgso1994a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 244-247
- HodgsoHi1990: 2,4-6,9-19
- HodgsoHi1991: distribution, host, 136
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 23,32
- JhalaPaSh1989: distribution, host, taxonomy, 103
- KakotiDeRo2022: biology, distribution, host, list, 8
- Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 145
- Kawai1987: distribution, host, 77
- KawaiMaUm1971: distribution, host, 17
- KaydanUlEr2007: catalog, distribution, host, 91
- King1899b: distribution, 140
- Kiritc1928: distribution, host, 114
- Kirkal1902: distribution, host, 106
- Kirkal1904: distribution, host, 228
- Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 42
- Kondo2008a: distribution, host, 25-29
- Kondo2013: distribution, host, 46
- Kondo2022f: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, host, natural enemies, taxonomy, 260
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 10
- Koteja1972: distribution, host, 570
- Koteja1974a: taxonomy, 249
- Koteja1974b: distribution, 82
- KozarKoFe2013: distribution, taxonomy, 52
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 77
- KozarzRe1975: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 23-24
- Kuwana1907: distribution, host, taxonomy, 193
- Kuwana1917: distribution, host, taxonomy, 27-28
- LagowsGo2020: distribution, 67
- LagowsGoHo2022: distribution, host, list, 9
- Laing1927: distribution, host, 38
- Laing1933: distribution, host, 676
- Lawson1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 186-187
- Leonar1918: distribution, host, 198
- Leonar1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 323-325
- Lindin1912b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 155,248
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 123
- Malump2014a: distribution, host, 72
- Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 152-153
- Mamet1949: catalog, distribution, 26
- Mamet1951: distribution, host, 224
- Mamet1952: distribution, host, 171
- Mamet1954: distribution, host, 13
- Mamet1956: distribution, host, 136
- Mamet1959a: distribution, host, 376
- Mamet1960: distribution, host, 157
- Martor1976: distribution, host, 37,113,165,239
- Maskel1895b: distribution, host, 59
- Matile1978: distribution, host, 43
- MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 165
- MestreHaEv2011: distribution, host, 7
- MestreHoHa2015: distribution, host, 7
- MestreKo2018: distribution, 5
- MetcalMe1993: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- Meurge2011: distribution, 80
- MifsudFsMa2012: natural enemies, 17
- MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, 133
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 149
- MohammMo2013: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 147, 154
- Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, 391
- Nakaha1983: distribution, host, 5
- NakahaMi1981: distribution, host, 30
- Newste1900a: distribution, host, life history, 24
- Newste1914: distribution, host, 306
- Newste1917b: distribution, host, 130
- Ossian1959: distribution, host, 199
- PanisMa1976: distribution, host, 7
- PerezG2008: distribution, 212
- PettitMc1920: distribution, host, taxonomy, 18
- QiLiZh2025: bacteria, endosymbiont, 15
- Ramakr1919a: distribution, host, 36
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 349,350
- Ramakr1930: distribution, host, 48
- RayWi1981: distribution, host, taxonomy, 230-244
- Rehace1960: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 46
- Sander1906: catalog, 7
- Sander1909: distribution, host, 435-436
- Schmut1955b: biological control, distribution, host, 518
- SchmutPiKl1978: distribution, economic importance, host, 328-329
- ShafeeYoKh1989: distribution, host, 52
- Signor1873a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 401-402
- Simmon1957: catalog, distribution, host, 8
- SolisATeGo1992: distribution, host, 5
- Su1982: distribution, host, 61
- Sugony2002: biological control, distribution, host, 723-725
- Sweetm1958: biological control, economic importance, 449-458
- Takaha1928: distribution, host, 343
- Takaha1929: distribution, host, 56-57
- Takaha1932a: distribution, host, 104
- Takaha1939b: distribution, host, 262
- Takaha1941b: distribution, host, 218
- Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 19
- Takaha1942d: distribution, host, 354
- Takaha1952: distribution, host, 16
- Tang1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 76-77
- Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 105-106
- Tao1978: distribution, host, 81
- Tao1989: catalog, distribution, host, 59
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 57
- TaoWoCh1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 69-71
- Terezn1981: distribution, host, taxonomy, 152
- Thro1903: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 212-213
- TrenchTo2014: distribution, 68
- Tyrell1896: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 264-265
- UlgentCa2004: distribution, host, 79-84
- UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S116
- VanHarCoWi1990: distribution, host, 134
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 90
- Vernal1953: distribution, host, 133
- VeseyF1940: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 253-285
- VeseyF1941: biological control, distribution, host, 161
- VieiraCaPi1983: distribution, host, 98
- VonEll2025: distribution, 21
- Wang1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 43-44
- Wang1981TC: distribution, host, 288
- Watson2021: distribution, 521
- Willia2001: distribution, 225-227
- Willia2010: distribution, host, 144-152
- Willia2015: taxonomy, 581
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 212, 215
- WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 36,45
- WilliaBu1987: distribution, host, 93
- WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 106-109
- WilliaWi1988: distribution, host, 57
- WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 13,51
- Yang1982: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 166-167,191
- Zahrad1977: distribution, host, 118
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 158
- Zimmer1948: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 316-319
