Valid Names Results

Antonina crawi Cockerell, 1900 (Pseudococcidae: Antonina)

Nomenclatural History

Antonina crawi Cockerell 1900f: 70. Type data: JAPAN: intercepted at San Francisco, on bamboo. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (HendriKo1999,101). Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
Antonina crawii Cockerell, 1900; Ferris 1918d: 77. misspelling of species epithet
Antonina bambusae; Borchsenius 1934: 13. misidentification (discovered by Borchs1949, 313).
Antonina (Antonina) crawii; Goux 1937a: 94. subsequent use
Antonina crawii Goux, 1937; McKenzie 1967: 74. misspelling of species epithet
Antonina crawii Goux, 1937; Tao 1999: 9. misspelling of species epithet

Common Names

cottony bamboo mealybug McKenz1967
cottony bamboo scale Zimmer1948

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 2 | Genera: 12

Poaceae

Arundinaria | BenDov1994 Goux1937a HendriKo1999 HodgsoHi1991 Kuwana1902 McKenz1967 Tang1992
Bambusa | Borchs1937a HodgsoHi1990 McKenz1967 Takaha1928 Wang1981TC Willia1985 WilliaGr1992 Zimmer1948 Borchs1934 Borchs1936 Borchs1949 Cocker1900f Ferris1921a Ferris1953a Gogibe1938 HendriKo1999 Kuwana1932b Willia1962
Brachypodium | HendriKo1999
Indocalamus herklotsii | HendriKo1999
Phragmites australis | BatsanKaKi2017 BenDov1994 Hadzib1983 | (= Phragmites communis)
Phyllostachys | Borchs1936 Goux1937a KawaiMaUm1971
Phyllostachys aurea | BatsanKaKi2017 HendriKo1999
Phyllostachys bambusoides | BenDov1994 Hadzib1983 Kuwana1902 McKenz1967
Phyllostachys nigra | BenDov1994 HendriKo1999 Kuwana1902 McKenz1967 Tang1992
Phyllostachys reticulata | BenDov1994 Hadzib1983 Kuwana1902 McKenz1967 | (= Phyllostachys quilioi)
Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens | BatsanKaKi2017
Pleioblastus argenteostriatus | HendriKo1999 | (= Pleioblastus chino)
Pleioblastus fortunei | HendriKo1999 | (= Arundinaria variegata)
Pleioblastus gramineus | HendriKo1999 | (= Arundinaria graminea)
Pleioblastus linearis | HendriKo1999
Pleioblastus simonii | HendriKo1999 Tang1992 | (= Arundinaria simoni)
Pseudosasa hindsii | HendriKo1999 | (= Arundinaria hindsii)
Pseudosasa japonica | BenDov1994 HendriKo1999 Newste1901a Willia1962 | (= Arundinaria japonica)
Sasa | Siraiw1939
Sasa kurilensis | BenDov1994 Danzig1978 Danzig1980b
Sasamorpha borealis | Paik1978 | (= Sasamorpha gracilis)
Semiarundinaria fastuosa | HendriKo1999 | (= Arundinaria fastuosa)

Rubiaceae

Ixora chinensis | HendriKo1999

Foes:

Families: 1 | Genera: 2

Encyrtidae

Acerophagus clavatus | Xu1999
Anagyrus antoninae | Suh2019b

Associates:

Families: 1 | Genera: 1

Betaproteobacteria

Candidatus Tremblaya princeps | ChoiLe2022

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 21

Afghanistan | KozarFoZa1996

Australia

Queensland | BenDov1994 Willia1985

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan SSR | Borchs1936 Borchs1937a

Bermuda | BenDov1994 HendriKo1999 HodgsoHi1990 HodgsoHi1991 WilliaGr1992

Bonin Islands (=Ogasawara-Gunto) | BenDov1994 Kawai1987 KawaiMaUm1971

China

Anhui (=Anhwei) | Wu2001
Beijing (=Peking) | Wu2001
Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | HendriKo1999
Hebei (=Hopei) | Wu2001
Henan (=Honan) | Wu2001
Hunan | HuHeWa1992
Shanxi (=Shansi) | Wu2001
Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | HendriKo1999
Xizang (=Tibet) | Wang1981TC
Zhejiang (=Chekiang) | Wu2001

Croatia | MastenSi2008

Czech Republic | Borchs1937

France | Borchs1949 Foldi2001 Goux1937a HendriKo1999

Georgia (Republic of) | BatsanKaKi2017

Abkhaz ASSR | BenDov1994 Borchs1934 Borchs1937a Hadzib1983
Adzhar ASSR | BenDov1994 Borchs1937a Gogibe1938 Hadzib1983

Guadeloupe | Balach1957c

Hawaiian Islands

Hawaii | BenDov1994 Borchs1949 Ferris1953a HendriKo1999 McKenz1967 YangKo1967 Zimmer1948

Iran | KozarFoZa1996 Moghad2013

Japan | BenDov1994 Borchs1949 Cocker1900f Ferris1921a HendriKo1999 HodgsoHi1991 Kuwana1932b

Martinique | Balach1957c

Russia

Kuril Islands | BenDov1994 Danzig1978 Danzig1980b
Sakhalin Oblast | Borchs1949 Danzig1978 Danzig1980b Siraiw1939

South Korea | KwonDaPa2003 Paik1978

Spain | Balach1935b HendriKo1999 Martin1985

Taiwan | BenDov1994 Borchs1937a Borchs1949 Ferris1921a HendriKo1999 Kuwana1932b Takaha1928

Ukraine

Krym (=Crimea) Oblast | Borchs1936 Borchs1937a Borchs1949 Terezn1975

United States

California | BenDov1994 Borchs1949 Ferris1918d Ferris1953a HendriKo1999 HodgsoHi1991 McKenz1967
Louisiana | BenDov1994 Ferris1953a HendriKo1999 HodgsoHi1991 McKenz1967

Keys

MoghadWa2022: pp.22 ( Adult (F) ) [Antonina in Iran]
Hodgso2020: pp.32-34 ( Adult (M) ) [higher groups of Pseudococcidae]
Suh2019a: pp.2-6 ( Adult (F) ) [mealybugs intercepted in S. Korea]
DanzigGa2015: pp.511 ( Adult (F) ) [Antonina species]
Moghad2013: pp.10 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Antonina Signoret in Iran]
WuLuNa2012: pp.28 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Antonina Signoret currently known from China based the morphology of the adult females]
WilliaMi2002: pp.909-910 ( Adult (F) ) [Species on bamboo]
Wu2001: pp.48 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
HendriKo1999: pp.97 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
Tang1992: pp.20 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
Danzig1988: pp.706 ( Adult (F) ) [Far East of Russia]
Willia1985: pp.44 ( Adult (F) ) [Australia]
Wang1982TC: pp.24 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
Kawai1980: pp.122 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
AfifiKo1967: pp.14 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
McKenz1967: pp.74 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A., California]
YangKo1967: pp.13, 49 ( Immature (F) ) [World]
Ferris1953a: pp.289 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
Borchs1949: pp.312 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic region]
Zimmer1948: pp.150 ( Adult (F) ) [Hawaii]
Kuwana1932b: pp.214 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]

Remarks

Systematics: Specimens identified as A. crawi by Tang (1977), collected from Beijing, have been found to be a misidentification of A. socialis, and it is likely that the records from Hunan Province (Hu et al., 1992) are also a misidentification of A. socialis. The specimens identified by Wu (2001) as A. crawi are a misidentification of either A. nakaharai Williams & Miller or A. socialis Newstead. (Wu, et al., 2012) This species differs from A. graminis in possessing multilocular disc pores around the entire margin and in lacking the small invaginated pocket behind each posterior spiracle. (Moghaddam, 2012) Danzig and Gavrilov-Zimin (2015) synonymized A. socialis and A. nakaharaiA. crawi saying that these species differed "only in minute variations in the lnumber of multilocular and irregular pores on abdominal sternites." They considered these to be "usual morphological deviations of polymorphic widely distributed species of mealybugs" However, ScaleNet has kept them as separate species until more evidence is recorded that confirms or refutes this change.
Structure: Nur et al. (1987) reported chromosome number 2n=12. Colour photograph of the adult female given by Kawai (1980). Slide-mounted adult female elongate oval; posteriormost 2 or 3 abdominal segments sclerotized. Eyes absent. Anal lobes broad and moderately developed. Antennae each reduced to 2 or 3 segments. (Moghaddam & Watson, 2022)
Biology: Occurring at bases of leaves. Living inside the leaf sheaths of bamboos. Body of adult female light to dark brown depending on age, completely enclosed in a sac of felted white wax (McKenzie 1967).
Economic Importance: Parasites in the Palaearctic region discussed by Trjapitzin (1989).
General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female given by Ferris in Zimmerman (1948), Ferris (1953a), McKenzie (1967), Tereznikova (1975), Tang (1977), Paik (1978), Danzig (1980b), Williams & Granara de Willink (1992), by Tang (1992) and by Willias & Miller (2002). Good description and illustration of the adult male given by Beardsley (1965a) and by Afifi & Kosztarab (1967). Description of the first-instar nymph and female second-instar nymph given by Yang & Kosztarab (1967). Description of adult female given by Borchsenius (1949).

Illustrations

Ferris1953a

Citations

AfifiKo1967: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 15-18
AhnKiKi2020: distribution, host, 8
Balach1957c: distribution, host, 207
BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 263
Beards1965a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 47-49
BenDov1994: 37, 38
Borchs1934: distribution, host, taxonomy, 13
Borchs1936: distribution, host, taxonomy, 112
Borchs1937: description, distribution, taxonomy, 61
Borchs1937a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 166, 167
Borchs1949: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 313-314
BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 306
ChenWoWu2012: distribution, taxonomy, 299
ChoiLe2022: endosymbiont, phylogeny, 358,359
Cocker1900f: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 70, 71
Danzig1978: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 7
Danzig1980b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 201, 202
DanzigGa2015: biology, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 511-513
DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 118
ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 111
Ferris1921a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 211
Ferris1953a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 292-293
Foldi2001: distribution, 303-308
FoldiGe2018: distribution, 11
Gavril2018: reproduction, 217
Gogibe1938: distribution, host, taxonomy, 23, 24
Goux1935a: taxonomy, 96
Goux1937a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 93, 94
Hadzib1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 84, 85
HendriKo1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 100-103
Hodgso2020: key, 34
HodgsoHi1990: distribution, host, 4
HodgsoHi1991: distribution, host, 143
HuHeWa1992: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 177
JaposhBaKi2020: distribution, host, 66
Kawai1972: distribution, host, 6
Kawai1980: distribution, host, taxonomy, 122
Kawai1987: distribution, host, 77
KawaiMaUm1971: distribution, host, taxonomy, 14
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 23
Koteja1974b: distribution, taxonomy, 75
KozarFoZa1996: distribution, host, 64
Kuwana1902: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 57
Kuwana1907: distribution, host, 185
Kuwana1917a: taxonomy, 172
Kuwana1932b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 21-217, 219
KwonDaPa2003: distribution, host, taxonomy, 122
Martin1985: distribution, host, taxonomy, 90
MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, 46
McKenz1967: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 74-76
Moghad2013: description, distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 10-12, 99
Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 62-63
MoghadWa2022: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 10, 22-24, 144
Newste1901a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 85
NurBrBe1987: taxonomy, 54
Paik1978: description, distribution, host, taxonomy,
Siraiw1939: distribution, host, taxonomy, 68
Suh2019a: key, 2
Suh2019b: natural enemies, 2
Suh2020: distribution, host, 14, 15, 20
Takaha1928: distribution, host, taxonomy, 338
Tang1977: description, distribution, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 22
Tang1992: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 21-22, 691
Tang2001: distribution, 3
TangHaTa1992: distribution, host, 1
Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 9
Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 9
Terezn1975: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 160-162
Trjapi1989: biological control, 138, 180, 222, 313
UlgentPoPe2014: distribution, 79
VeaGr2016: evolution, 4
Wang1981TC: distribution, host, 285
WangVaXu1998: distribution, host, 3
WangVaXu1998: distribution, host, 81
Willia1962: distribution, host, taxonomy, 8
Willia1985: distribution, host, taxonomy, 44, 45
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 246
WilliaGr1992: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 55
WilliaMa2012: distribution, taxonomy, 91
WilliaMi2002: description, distribution, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 897-900,910
Wu1999b: distribution, list of species, 231
Wu2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 43-44
Wu2001b: distribution, 251
WuLuNa2012: taxonomy, 27-29,38
Xu1999: biological control, 299-303
Yang1982: distribution, host, taxonomy,
YangKo1967: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 18-20
Zimmer1948: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 151-153, 156