Valid Names Results
Neopulvinaria innumerabilis innumerabilis (Rathvon, 1854) (Coccidae: Neopulvinaria)Nomenclatural History
- Coccus innumerabilis Rathvon 1854: 256. Type data: U.S.A.: Pennsylvania, Lancaster County, on Siver Maple and Linden trees.. Syntypes, female, accepted valid name Notes: Depository of type material unknown (Ben-Dov, 1993).
- Lecanium acericorticis Fitch 1861: 775. Type data: U.S.A.: New York, Salem, west border of Jarvis Martin's woods, on maple.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Fernal1903, 134). Notes: Type material probably lost (Barnes, 1988).
- Lecanium acerella Rathvon 1876: 101. Type data: U.S.A.: Pennsylvania, Lancaster County, on maple [=Acer] branches. (. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Fernal1903, 134). Notes: Depository of type material unknown (Ben-Dov, 1993).
- Pulvinaria innumerabilis (Rathvon, 1854); Putnam 1880: 293. change of combination
- Pulvinaria tinsleyi King 1900d: 360. Type data: U.S.A.: New Mexico, near Roswell, on Celtis sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Steinw1946, 7).
- Neopulvinaria imeretina Hadzibejli 1955: 233. Type data: REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA: Sakare, Argveta, Yestafoni and Sviri, on grapevine.. Syntypes, female, male, and first instar, Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia; junior synonym (discovered by DanzigMa1990, 131).
- Neopulvinaria innumerabilis (Rathvon, 1854); Hodgson 1994a: 402. change of combination
- Neopulvinaria inumerabilis (Rathvon, 1854); Dervišević, et al. 2021: 1. misspelling of species epithet
Common Names
- cottony maple scale BenDov1993 Gill1988 HamonWi1984 Stimme1992
- cochenille floconneuse de l’érable KondoPe2022a
- escama blanda algodonosa de la vid KondoPe2022a
- pulvinaria maggiore della vite KondoPe2022a
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 29 | Genera: 50
- Anacardiaceae
- Rhus | Steinw1946
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex glabra | HamonWi1984
- Asteraceae
- Solidago | HamonWi1984
- Betulaceae
- Alnus rubra | Steinw1946
- Betula | King1903b
- Carpinus caroliniana | LambdiWa1980
- Bignoniaceae
- Catalpa bignonioides | UlgentDo2019
- Cannabaceae
- Celtis | King1900d
- Celtis occidentalis | King1900d WilliaKo1972
- Cornaceae
- Cornus florida | WilliaKo1972
- Cornus sanguinea | Canard1966 Hadzib1983
- Cucurbitaceae
- Cucurbita pepo | BatsanKaKi2017
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros kaki | Hadzib1983
- Diospyros lotus | Hadzib1983
- Diospyros virginiana | WilliaKo1972
- Ericaceae
- Ceratiola ericoides | HamonWi1984
- Fabaceae
- Acacia | Hadzib1983
- Amorpha fruticosa | Pelliz1977
- Gleditsia triacanthos | Canard1966 Takaha1942b
- Mimosa | Steinw1946
- Phaseolus vulgaris | Hadzib1983
- Robinia pseudoacacia | Canard1966 WilliaKo1972
- Fagaceae
- Fagus grandifolia | WilliaKo1972
- Quercus laurifolia | HamonWi1984
- Quercus nigra | HamonWi1984
- Quercus palustris | LambdiWa1980
- Quercus rubra | WilliaKo1972
- Grossulariaceae
- Ribes nigrum | Philli1962
- Ribes uva-crispa | Philli1962 | (= Ribes grossularia)
- Hydrangeaceae
- Philadelphus coronarius | Canard1966
- Juglandaceae
- Carya ovata | WilliaKo1972
- Juglans nigra | Philli1962
- Juglans regia | Hadzib1983
- Lauraceae
- Lindera benzoin | WilliaKo1972
- Sassafras albidum | Baerg1947 | (= Sassafras variifolium)
- Lythraceae
- Punica granatum | Hadzib1983
- Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia grandiflora | Steinw1946
- Malvaceae
- Tilia | Rathvo1854
- Tilia americana | Philli1962
- Tilia cordata | BatsanKaKi2017
- Tilia endochrysea | Hadzib1983
- Tilia rubra | BatsanKaKi2017 | Including ssp caucasica (= Tilia caucasica)
- Tilia vulgaris | Canard1966
- Moraceae
- Morus alba | UlgentDo2019
- Myricaceae
- Morella cerifera | HamonWi1984 | (= Myrica cerifera)
- Oleaceae
- Fraxinus | BatsanKaKi2017
- Platanaceae
- Platanus orientalis | BatsanKaKi2017
- Rosaceae
- Chaenomeles sinensis | BatsanKaKi2017 Hadzib1983 | (= Pseudocydonia sinensis) (= Cydonia vulgaris)
- Crataegus monogyna | Canard1966 Hadzib1983 Cocker1897a UlgentErYa2022
- Cydonia oblonga | Hadzib1983
- Malus | Hadzib1983
- Prunus | Cocker1897a
- Prunus cerasifera | Hadzib1983 | (= Prunus divaricata)
- Prunus cerasus | Hadzib1983
- Prunus persica | Hadzib1983 | (= Persica vulgaris)
- Pyrus | Hadzib1983
- Pyrus communis | Cocker1897a
- Rosa canina | BatsanKaKi2017
- Spiraea | KozarHuFo1989
- Rutaceae
- Citrus trifoliata | Hadzib1983 | (= Poncirus trifoliata)
- Salicaceae
- Populus | Hadzib1983 Philli1962
- Salix nigra | WilliaKo1972
- Sapindaceae
- Acer | Barnes1988 Fitch1861 King1901f Rathvo1876
- Acer negundo | King1903b Philli1962
- Acer nigrum | WilliaKo1972
- Acer platanoides | Hadzib1983
- Acer rubrum | WilliaKo1972
- Acer saccharinum | Rathvo1854 Steinw1946 Philli1962 | (= Acer dasycarpum),
- Aesculus flava | King1903b | (= Aesculus octandra)
- Ulmaceae
- Ulmus alata | WilliaKo1972
- Ulmus minor | DervisDrGr2024
- Ulmus thomasii | LambdiWa1980
- Vitaceae
- Ampelopsis | Steinw1946
- Parthenocissus quinquefolia | Canard1966 Steinw1946 Pelliz1977 | (= Ampelopsis quinquefolia),
- Parthenocissus tricuspidata | Canard1966 | (= Ampelopsis tricuspidata) (= Ampelopsis veitchii)
- Vitis | Hadzib1955 Hodgso1994a
- Vitis riparia | Canard1966
- Vitis rupestris | Canard1966
- Vitis vinifera | Canard1966 Hadzib1955 Hadzib1983 Hodgso1994a King1901f
Foes:
Families: 7 | Genera: 13
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus lycimnia | Bolu2012
- Coccophagus maculipennis | KondoPe2022a
- Coccophagus palaeolecanii | KondoPe2022a
- Chamaemyiidae
- Leucopis alticeps | Pelliz1987 | (= Leucopis nigricornis)
- Leucopis silesiaca | Pelliz1987
- Leucopomyia silesiaca | DervisDrGr2024
- Chrysopidae
- Chrysopa | KondoPe2022a
- Coccinellidae
- Chilocorus bivulnerus | KondoPe2022a
- Exochomus quadripustulatus | Pelliz1987
- Hyperaspis binotata | KondoPe2022a
- Hyperaspis signata | KondoPe2022a
- Encyrtidae
- Atropates collinsi | KondoPe2022a KondoPe2022a
- Encyrtus fuscus | KondoPe2022a
- Metaphycus hageni | DervisStMi2024
- Metaphycus pulvinariae | KondoPe2022a
- Microterys nietneri | KondoPe2022a
- Pteromalidae
- Eunotus lividus | KondoPe2022a
- Pyralidae
- Laetilia coccidivora | KondoPe2022a
Associates:
Families: 2 | Genera: 2
- Betaflexiviridae
- GVA virus | HerrbaAlPr2017
- Closteroviridae
- GLRaV-1 | HerrbaAlPr2017
- GLRaV-3 | HerrbaAlPr2017
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 12
- Armenia | BenDov1993
- Azerbaijan | Hodgso1994a
- Canada
- British Columbia | KozarHuFo1989 Treher1915
- Ontario | King1901f
- Quebec | BenDov1993
- Croatia | Masten2009 MastenSe2006
- France | Foldi2000 Germai2011 Hodgso1994a
- Georgia (Republic of) | Yasnos1995
- Italy | BenDov1993 Pelliz1977
- Russia | Hodgso1994a
- Serbia | DervisDrGr2024
- Slovenia | Seljak1995 Seljak2008 Seljak2010
- Turkey | UlgentKaKo2013
- United States
- Arizona | King1903b
- Arkansas | Baerg1947
- California | Gill1988
- Colorado | King1903b
- Florida | BenDov1993 HamonWi1984
- Georgia | King1903b
- Illinois | BenDov1993
- Indiana | BenDov1993
- Louisiana | BenDov1993
- Mississippi | BenDov1993
- New Jersey | BenDov1993
- New Mexico | King1900d King1903b
- New York | Barnes1988
- Oregon | BenDov1993
- Pennsylvania | Stimme1992
- Rhode Island | King1903b
- Tennessee | BenDov1993
- Texas | BenDov1993
- Utah | BenDov1993
- Vermont | King1903b
- Virginia | WilliaKo1972
- Washington | Cocker1897a
- Wisconsin | BenDov1993
Keys
- Koszta1996: pp.375 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North America]
- Gill1988: pp.85 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, California]
- HamonWi1984: pp.87 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Florida]
- WilliaKo1972: pp.119 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Virginia]
Remarks
- Structure: See colour photograph in Hamon & Williams (1984) and Gill (1988) Body of adult female slightly convex, oval to oblong oval. Colour variable on different hosts; specimens from red oak, basswood and silver maple: grey, speckled with black and light brown, with two dark bands on the dorsum near stigmatic areas; specimens from hickory and red maple: dark red with lighter margins; specimens from sycamore: tan with dark brown markings. When mature, it secretes a broad, white, convex ovisac 1–2× body length. Ovisac pushes rear end of female upwards at an angle to the substrate. (Kondo & Pellizzari, 2022a)
- Biology: A biparental species in Ontario, Canada (Phillips, 1962). Develops one annual generation in Ontario, Canada (Phillips, 1962), France (Canard, 1966a) and Italy (Pellizzari Scaltriti, 1977). Phenology in the Republic of Georgia by Hadzibejli (1983).
- Economic Importance: A pest of grapevine in several European countries and North America (Gill, 1988; Danzig & Matile-Ferrero, 1990; Seljac, 1995). Fortusini et al. (1997) proved under laboratory conditions in Italy that this species transmitted Grapevine Leafroll Virus 1 (GLRV-1) and Grapevine Virus A (GVA). Fortusini et al. (1999) found in Italy that N. innumerablis, Parthenolecanium corni, P. persicae and Pulvinaria vitis were present in vineyards were natural spread of Grapvine Leafroll disease was recorded.
- General Remarks: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Steinweden (1946), Borchsenius (1957), Hadzibejli (1960, 1983), Canard (1966), Pellizzari Scaltriti (1977), Williamd & Kosztarab (1972), Hamon & Williams (1984), Gill (1988) and by Hodgson (1994a).
Illustrations
Citations
- AlmeidDaBe2013: Grapevine leafroll disease transmission, 3
- Baerg1947: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 3-13
- Barnes1988: taxonomy, 103
- BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 254-255
- BenDov1993: catalog, 195-196
- Bolu2012: biological control, 110
- Borchs1957: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 255-257
- Buchne1965: structure, taxonomy, 235
- CamachCh2015: distribution, ecology, host, 7, 10, 12
- Canard1965: distribution, host, 170
- Canard1966: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 189
- Cocker1897a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 13-14
- Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 394
- Danzig1972: distribution, host, 203
- DanzigMa1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 131-132
- DavidsDiFl1991: chemical control, 1-47
- DavidsRa1999: control, economic importance, 1
- DervisDrGr2024: biological control, natural enemies, 254-255, 257
- DervisStGr2021: distribution, host, 1
- DervisStMi2024: natural enemies, 3,18,22
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 114
- Fernal1903b: 134-135,139
- Fitch1861: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 775
- Foldi2000: distribution, host, 82
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 8
- FortusScPr1999: distribution, economic importance, host, 121-122
- Germai2011: distribution, economic importance, 31-34
- Germai2011a: distribution, economic importance, 8
- Gill1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 85,88-89,98
- GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
- GiurcaToMu2024: economic importance, taxonomy, 302-303
- HabiliKoLi2007: virus, virus transmission,
- Hadzib1983: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 114-120
- HamonWi1984: description, distribution, host, illustration, key, life history, taxonomy, 100-102
- HerrbaAlPr2017: GVA virus, 485, 488
- Hodgso1994a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 402-404
- JaposhBaKi2020: distribution, host, 63
- JohnsoLy1988: distribution, economic importance, host,
- King1900d: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 360
- King1901f: distribution, host, 197
- King1903b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 191-197
- KondoPe2022a: control, diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 283-284
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 11
- Koszta1996: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 375,383-384
- KozarHuFo1989: distribution, host, 74
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 78
- LambdiWa1980: distribution, host, 79
- LeMaguFuCh2013: economic importance, host, 416
- Lintne1895: distribution, host, 263-305
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 123
- Marucc1966: control, economic importance, 99-235
- Masten2009: distribution, economic importance, host, 357-368
- MastenSe2006: distribution, economic importance, host, 318-322
- MastenSiKo2007: distribution, host, life history, 326-329
- MetcalMe1993: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- MilholMe1984: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-33
- Miller1999: chemical control, 14
- Pelliz1977: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 423-430
- Pelliz1987: distribution, host, 120
- Pelliz1997a: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 324
- PellizChMi2015: distribution, 67
- Philli1962: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 499-502
- Piper1893: control, distribution, host, life history, 123-127
- RakimoBeWh2013: economic importance, 371
- Rathvo1854: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 256-258
- Rathvo1876: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 101-102
- Seljak1995: chemical control, distribution, host, taxonomy, 265-274
- Seljak2008: distribution, host, 121-127
- Seljak2010: distribution, host, 105
- Steinw1946: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 7-8,21
- Stimme1992: control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 25-26
- Tang1991: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 278
- Treher1915: distribution, 35
- Trembl1988a: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 248-249
- UlgentDo2019: distribution, host, 485
- UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S117
- UlgentKaKo2013: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 23
- WatsonLaLa1994: distribution, host, 227
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 210
- WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 27
- WilliaKo1972: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 146-152
- Yasnos1995: distribution, economic importance, host, 247-251
- Zezlin2003: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 13-14
