Valid Names Results
Chrysomphalus pinnulifer (Maskell, 1891) (Diaspididae: Chrysomphalus)Nomenclatural History
- Diaspis pinnulifera Maskell 1891: 4. Type data: FIJI: on undetermined plant.. Syntypes, unknown, Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
- Chrysomphalus dictyospermi pinnulifera (Maskell, 1891); Cockerell 1900h: 157. change of combination and rank
- Diaspis pinnulifera; Leonardi 1920: 69. incorrect synonymy Notes: Incorrect synonymy with Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan).
- Chrysomphalus pinnuliferus (Maskell, 1891); MacGillivray 1921: 416. change of combination requiring emendation of specific epithet for agreement in gender
- Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) pinnulifera (Maskell, 1891); Green 1923b: 96. change of combination
- Chrysomphalus pinnulifer (Maskell, 1891); Chamberlin 1927: 486. change of combination
- Chrysomphalus pinnulifer diversicolor (Maskell, 1891); Chamberlin 1927: 486. change of combination
- Chrysomphalus pinnulifera (Maskell, 1891); Balachowsky 1928c: 276. change of combination
- Aspidiotus pinnuliferus (Maskell, 1891); Ferris 1941e: 47. change of combination
- Chrysomphalus diversicolor; Balachowsky 1948b: 355. incorrect synonymy (discovered by Borchs1966, 289). Notes: Incorrect synonymy of Chrysomphalus pinnulifer; see Borchsenius, 1966: 289
- Chrysomphalus pinnulifer diversicolor; Balachowsky 1948b: 355. incorrect synonymy (discovered by Borchs1966, 289). Notes: Incorrect synonymy of Chrysomphalus pinnulifer; see Borchsenius, 1966: 289
- Chrysomphalus pinnulifera (Maskell, 1891); Gómez-Menor Ortega 1957: 46. misspelling of species epithet
Common Names
- pinta-amarela CarvalAg1997
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 41 | Genera: 61
- Acanthaceae
- Thunbergia | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Thunbergia grandiflora | Borchs1966 Mamet1950
- Adoxaceae
- Viburnum | Bodenh1952
- Anacardiaceae
- Mangifera indica | Balach1948b DeLott1967a
- Annonaceae
- Annona | Balach1948b
- Aphloiaceae
- Aphloia | Borchs1966 Mamet1959a Borchs1966 Mamet1954
- Apocynaceae
- Nerium oleander | Borchs1966 Mamet1954
- Plumeria rubra | Borchs1966 Mamet1954
- Araceae
- Monstera deliciosa | Borchs1966 Mamet1954
- Araliaceae
- Hedera | Green1923b
- Hedera helix | Balach1948b Lepage1938
- Arecaceae
- Cocos nucifera | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Dypsis baronii | Borchs1966 Mamet1954
- Asparagaceae
- Agave sisalana | DeLott1967a
- Dracaena | Balach1948b
- Ruscus hypoglossum | Balach1932d
- Asphodelaceae
- Phormium tenax | Matile1976
- Buxaceae
- Buxus | Balach1948b
- Buxus sempervirens | GomezM1957 Martin1983
- Celastraceae
- Euonymus | Martin1983
- Euonymus japonicus | Balach1948b
- Combretaceae
- Combretaceae | Lepage1938
- Ctenolophonaceae
- Ctenolophon parvifolius | NormarOkMo2019
- Cycadaceae
- Cycas | Borchs1966 Mamet1959a
- Ericaceae
- Arbutus unedo | Balach1932d
- Euphorbiaceae
- Aleurites | DeLott1967a
- Fabaceae
- Acrocarpus fraxinifolius | DeLott1967a
- Bauhinia | Borchs1966 Mamet1950
- Ceratonia siliqua | Balach1948b DeLott1967a
- Iridaceae
- Gladiolus | DeLott1967a
- Lamiaceae
- Oxera | MilleHeCa2016
- Lauraceae
- Cinnamomum camphora | Borchs1966 Mamet1954
- Endiandra | PetersHaMo2020s2
- Lauraceae | Takaha1942b
- Laurus nobilis | Balach1948b GomezM1957 Lizery1916a Martin1983
- Persea americana | DeLott1967a
- Moraceae
- Artocarpus | Borchs1966 Mamet1954
- Ficus carica | Bodenh1952
- Musaceae
- Musa | Almeid1971
- Myrtaceae
- Callistemon lanceolatus | DeLott1967a
- Eucalyptus | Borchs1966 Mamet1959a
- Eugenia | Borchs1966 Mamet1950 Mamet1959a
- Myrtus communis | Borchs1966 Mamet1954
- Psidium guajava | Balach1948b Borchs1966 Mamet1950
- Syzygium cardiophyllum | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Syzygium cumini | Borchs1966 Mamet1954
- Syzygium jambos | DeLott1967a
- Oleaceae
- Fraxinus | Borchs1966 Mamet1950
- Jasminum | Balach1948b Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Ligustrum | Matile1976
- Orchidaceae
- Angraecum | Borchs1966 Mamet1950
- Cymbidium | Balach1948b
- Vanilla | Borchs1966 Mamet1950
- Pandanaceae
- Pandanus | Balach1948b Borchs1950b Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Pittosporaceae
- Pittosporum tobira | Balach1948b
- Podocarpaceae
- Podocarpus | NormarOkMo2019
- Polygalaceae
- Xanthophyllum brevipes | NormarOkMo2019 PetersHaMo2020s2
- Proteaceae
- Grevillea robusta | DeLott1967a
- Rosaceae
- Crataegus gracilior | Borchs1966 Mamet1954
- Prunus serotina | Borchs1966 Mamet1954
- Rubiaceae
- Cinchona calisaya | Borchs1966 Mamet1951
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | Balach1932d Borchs1966 CarvalAg1997 Mamet1950 Mamet1959a WilliaWa1988
- Citrus aurantium | Almeid1973b DeLott1967a | (= Citrus reticulata)
- Citrus clementina | BicheArMe2022
- Citrus japonica | BicheArMe2022
- Citrus limon | BicheArMe2022 Lizery1916a | (= Citrus limetta)
- Citrus medica | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Citrus paradisi | BicheArMe2022
- Citrus reticulata | BicheArMe2022
- Citrus sinensis | BicheArMe2022
- Citrus trifoliata | BicheArMe2022
- Rutaceae | Balach1928c
- Salicaceae
- Salix babylonica | Borchs1966 Mamet1954
- Strelitziaceae
- Strelitzia | Balach1948b
- Strelitzia alba | Balach1938a
- Strelitzia reginae | Balach1938a
- Taxaceae
- Taxus | Bodenh1952
- Theaceae
- Camellia | Borchs1966 Mamet1959a
- Camellia sinensis | DeLott1967a
- Verbenaceae
- Duranta | Borchs1966 Mamet1950
- Vitaceae
- Vitis vinifera | Lizery1916a
Foes:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Aphelinidae
- Encarsia lounsburyi | Balach1948b
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 27
- Algeria | Balach1928c Balach1932d
- Angola | Almeid1973b
- Argentina
- Corrientes | Lizery1916a
- Azores | LopesFiMa2008
- Brazil
- Sao Paulo | Lepage1938
- Canary Islands | MatileOr2001
- Costa Rica | Suh2016
- India
- Karnataka | Varshn2002
- West Bengal | Varshn2002
- Iran | Moghad2013a
- Italy
- Sicily | DeStef1910 Martel1913
- Kenya | Balach1956 DeLott1967a
- Madagascar | Borchs1966 Mamet1950 Mamet1951 Mamet1954 Mamet1959a
- Madeira Islands | CarvalAg1997 Green1923b McKenz1939
- Malaysia | NormarOkMo2019
- Sarawak | PetersHaMo2020s2
- Mozambique | Almeid1971
- New Caledonia | MilleHeCa2016
- Papua New Guinea | WilliaWa1988
- Portugal | FrancoRuMa2011
- Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014 Mamet1957
- Saint Helena | Matile1976
- Seychelles | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- South Africa | Balach1956
- Spain | BlayGo1993 GomezM1957 GomezM1958c
- Thailand | Takaha1942b
- Tunisia | JendouSuRu2012
- Turkey | Bodenh1949 Bodenh1952 KaydanUlEr2007
- Zimbabwe | Balach1956 Hall1928
Keys
- SchneiClWe2020: pp.67-71 ( Adult (F) ) [Aspidiotini in Argentina]
- SmithPEvDo2012: pp.6-May ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the species of the genus Chrysomphalus based on adult females]
- EvansWaMi2009: pp.63-67 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspididae species found on avocado]
- Danzig1993: pp.164 ( Adult (F) ) [Europe]
- WilliaWa1988: pp.93 ( Adult (F) ) [Tropical South Pacific]
- Balach1956: pp.86 ( Adult (F) ) [Africa]
- Balach1948b: pp.346 ( Adult (F) ) [Mediterranean]
- McKenz1943: pp.150 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
- McKenz1939: pp.63 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
- Balach1928b: pp.157 ( Adult (F) ) [North Africa]
Remarks
- Structure: Female scale circular or subcircular, diameter about 1/16 inch; reddish-brown, flat; exuviae subcentral, yellow. Male scale elongated, white, distinctly carinated, length about 1/20 inch (Maskell, 1891). Scale of the female reddish-brown, with the margin somewhat lighter, rather thin, circular, exuviae central; scale of the male similar in color and texture to that of the female, oval, exuvia near one end (McKenzie, 1939). Colour photograph of the scale cover and general appearance see Carvalho & Aguiar (1997).
- Biology: Occurring on the leaves (McKenzie, 1939).
- Economic Importance: This species has been recorded as tea pest in Kenya and India (Nagarkatti & Sankaran, 1990). Recently it is considered a potential international invaders of citrus-growing regions (Rose, 1990c).
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by McKenzie (1939), Balachowsky (1956) and by Williams & Watson (1988). Moghaddam & Watson (2021) consider the presence of this species in Iran as doubtful.
Illustrations
Citations
- Almeid1971: distribution, host, 9
- Almeid1973b: distribution, host, 9
- Andrie1932: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- ArouaKaBe2019: distribution, host,
- Balach1928b: taxonomy, 157
- Balach1928c: distribution, host, 279
- Balach1928d: biological control, 296
- Balach1932d: distribution, host, taxonomy, X-XI
- Balach1938a: distribution, host, 149-150
- Balach1948b: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 355-358
- Balach1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 88-90
- Bedfor1978: distribution, economic importance, host, 129-133
- BenDovGe2003: catalog, 296-299
- BenDovSoBo2012: distribution, 67
- BicheArMe2022: distribution, host, 499
- BlayGo1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 512-516
- Bodenh1949: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 78-79
- Bodenh1952: distribution, host, structure, taxonomy, 346
- Borchs1950b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 212,218-219
- Borchs1966: catalog, 290
- CarvalAg1997: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 274-275
- Castel1951a: biological control, 95-98
- Chambe1927: taxonomy, 486
- Chorle1939: distribution, host,
- ClapsWoGo2001a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 16
- Cocker1900h: distribution, host, taxonomy, 157
- CoronaRuMo1997: distribution, host, 38-41
- DanzigPe1998: catalog, 217
- DaoBeWa2023: phylogeny, 1030
- DeLott1967a: distribution, host, 114
- DeStef1910: distribution, host, 189-196
- DeitzTo1980: taxonomy, 41
- EvansWaMi2009: taxonomy, 63-67
- Fernal1903b: 290
- Ferris1941e: taxonomy, 47
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 10,23
- GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, 23
- GomezM1957: distribution, host, 46
- GomezM1958c: distribution, host, 406
- Green1923b: distribution, host, 89,96
- GugliuMaMa2019: distribution, host, list, 4, 5
- Hall1928: distribution, host, 276
- HallFo1933: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-55
- JendouSuRu2012: distribution, host,
- KakotiDeRo2022: biology, distribution, host, list, 9
- KaydanUlEr2007: catalog, distribution, host, 94
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 15
- Leonar1907a: taxonomy, 119
- Lepage1938: catalog, 400
- Lepesm1947: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 201-202
- Lizery1916a: distribution, host, 177
- LopesFiMa2008: distribution, host, 153-154
- MacGil1921: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 416
- Maleno1916c: taxonomy, 109
- Mamet1943a: 158
- Mamet1950: distribution, host, 22
- Mamet1951: distribution, host, 226
- Mamet1954: distribution, host, 16
- Mamet1957: distribution, host, 370,375
- Mamet1959a: distribution, host, 387
- Martel1913: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 1-28
- Martin1983: distribution, host, taxonomy, 63
- Maskel1891: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 4
- Maskel1893b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 208
- Maskel1895b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 44
- Matile1976: distribution, host, 312
- MatileOr2001: distribution, host, 189
- McKenz1939: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 54,61-62,73
- McKenz1943: taxonomy, 150
- MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, 138
- MillerDa1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 301
- Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 20
- Mottar1915: distribution, host, life history, 29-31
- NagarkSa1990: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 553-542
- Neves1935: distribution, host, 59-61
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, 17, S3, S6
- Nur1990b: life history, taxonomy, 196
- PetersHaMo2020s2: DNA, distribution, host,
- Rose1990c: economic importance, host, 539
- SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 480
- SchneiClWe2020: key, 69
- SchneiFiNo2019: key, taxonomy, 92
- SchneiOkNo2018: phylogeny,
- SmithPEvDo2012: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 5-6,15
- Stepha1909: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 189
- Sudoi1995: chemical control, distribution, host, 119-123
- Suh2016: distribution, host, key, 322, 325
- TakagiRo1981: biological control, distribution, host, 314-321
- Takaha1942b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 49
- UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S119
- Varshn2002: distribution, host, 27
- WaltonKrSa2009: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-6
- Watson2001: list, 177
- Watson2021: distribution, 523
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 229
- WilliaWa1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 95-97
- WilsonGo1962: control, distribution, economic importance, host, 41-61
- Yasar1995a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 64-66
