Valid Names Results

Aspidiella hartii (Cockerell, 1895) (Diaspididae: Aspidiella)

Nomenclatural History

Aspidiotus hartii Cockerell 1895w: 7. Type data: TRINIDAD: in great numbers on tubers of yam.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
Aspidiotus hartii luntii Cockerell 1896k: v. Type data: TRINIDAD: on "stems of some plant"; collected by Mr. Lunt, August 1895.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Borchs1966, 301).
Aspidiotus luntii Cockerell 1896k: v. Type data: TRINIDAD: on an undetermined plant.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1942, 445-11).
Aspidiotus hartii luntii Hart 1896: 156. nomen nudum
Aspidiotus (Aspidiotus) hartii Cockerell, 1895; Cockerell 1897i: 24. change of combination
Aspidiotus (Aspidiella) hartii Cockerell, 1895; Leonardi 1898a: 67. change of combination
Aspidiotus curcumae Kasargode 1914: 134. nomen nudum
Aspidiella hartii (Cockerell, 1895); MacGillivray 1921: 404. change of combination
Aspidiotus luntii Cockerell, 1896; Ferris 1941e: 45. change in status (level)
Aspidiotus luntii Ferris 1941e: 45. junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1941e, 45).
Aspidiotus curcumae Ferris 1941e: 42. nomen nudum Notes: Authorship credited to "Fletcher".
Gonaspidiotus hartii (Cockerell, 1895); Borchsenius 1966: 300. change of combination
Aspidiotus curcumae Borchsenius 1966: 376. nomen nudum
Aspidiella hartii (Cockerell, 1895); Williams & Butcher 1987: 94. revived combination (previously published)
Aspidiotus curcumae Kotikal & Kulkarni 2000: 52. nomen nudum Notes: Authorship credited to "Gr."

Common Names

cochenille de l'Ingame PanisFo2006
ubi scale VelasqRi1969
Yam scale Borchs1966
yam scale Borchs1966
escama del ñame WatsonKo2022a
Yamsschildlaus WatsonKo2022a
yamu-maru-kaigaramushi WatsonKo2022a

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 8 | Genera: 10

Araceae

Colocasia | GomezM1941 SalernMaSu2018
Colocasia antiquorum | SalernMaSu2018
Colocasia esculenta | SalernMaSu2018

Convolvulaceae

Ipomoea batatas | SalernMaSu2018 WilliaWa1988

Cyperaceae

Cyperus odoratus | GomezM1941

Dioscoreaceae

Dioscorea | Balach1958b Beards1966 Borchs1966 Green1915c Mamet1943a Mamet1949 WilliaWa1988
Dioscorea alata | Balach1958b Cohic1958 WilliaBu1987 WilliaWa1988
Dioscorea polystachya | JansenAl2023 | (=Dioscorea batatas)

Melastomataceae

Miconia robinsoniana | LincanHoCa2010

Poaceae

Tripsacum laxum | GomezM1941

Portulacaceae

Portulaca oleracea | MatileEt2006

Zingiberaceae

Curcuma | Green1919c Ramakr1921a
Curcuma longa | KotikaKu2000
Hedychium | NormarOkMo2019
Zingiber officinale | WilliaWa1988

Foes:

Families: 1 | Genera: 1

Encyrtidae

Adelencyrtus moderatus | Panis2007 PanisFo2006

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 39

Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua | WatsonKo2022a

Australia | Watson2022a

Barbados | WatsonKo2022a

Cayman Islands | WatsonKo2022a

China

Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | SalernMaSu2018

Cote d'Ivoire (=Ivory Coast) | CouturMaRi1985

Dominican Republic | GomezM1941 Panis2007

Ecuador | SalernMaSu2018

Federated States of Micronesia | Beards1966

Fiji | Green1915c WilliaWa1988

Galapagos Islands | LincanHoCa2010

Ghana | SalernMaSu2018 SchneiOkNo2018

Grenada | WatsonKo2022a

Guadeloupe | MatileEt2006

Guam | WatsonKo2022a

Haiti | PerezG2008

Honduras | SalernMaSu2018

India | Ramakr1921a

Karnataka | WatsonKo2022a
Kerala | WatsonKo2022a
Maharashtra | Green1919c
Tamil Nadu | Ramakr1921

Malaysia | SalernMaSu2018

Martinique | MatileEt2006

Mauritius | Balach1958b Borchs1966 Mamet1943a Mamet1949

New Caledonia | Cohic1958

New Zealand | NormarOkMo2019 SchneiOkNo2018

Nigeria | SalernMaSu2018

Panama | SalernMaSu2018

Papua New Guinea | WilliaWa1988

Philippines | VelasqRi1969

Puerto Rico & Vieques Island

Puerto Rico | ColonFMe1998 Martor1976

Saint Croix | Beatty1944

Sierra Leone | Hargre1937

Solomon Islands | WilliaWa1988

Sri Lanka | WatsonKo2022a

Thailand | NormarOkMo2019 SchneiOkNo2018

Tonga | WilliaWa1988

Trinidad and Tobago

Trinidad | Ferris1938a

U.S. Virgin Islands | Nakaha1983

Vanuatu (=New Hebrides) | WilliaBu1987 WilliaWa1988

Wallis and Futuna Islands

Wallis Island | WatsonKo2022a

Zambia | SalernMaSu2018

Keys

WeiScNo2021: pp.17-23 ( Adult (F) ) [Aspidiotini from Panama]
WilliaWa1988: pp.44 ( Adult (F) ) [Tropical South Pacific]
Beards1966: pp.512 ( Adult (F) ) [Federated States of Micronesia]
Balach1958b: pp.283 ( Adult (F) ) [Africa]
Ferris1942: pp.30 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]

Remarks

Systematics: The binomen Aspidiotus curcumae is a nomen nudum that is placed as a 'synonym' of Aspidiella hartii. The nomen nudum has been published by Kasargode (1914: 134), Fletcher (1919: 232), Ramakrishna Ayyar (1920a: 326), Ramakrishna Ayyar (1930), Ferris (1941e: 42), Borchsenius (1966: 376) and Kotikal & Kulkarmi (2000: 52).
Aspidiella hartii resembles A. sacchari but the species differ as follows (condition of A. sacchari in parentheses): body subcircular to broadly pyriform (more elongate pyriform); basal scleroses of median lobes parallel and poorly developed (scleroses convergent and well developed); pygidial margin weakly crenulate (more strongly crenulate); margin anterior to 3rd lobe with some simple plates (without any plates); and 3rd lobe pointed or absent (low sclerotized swelling on margin). (Watson & Kondo, 2022a)
Structure: Scale of the female brownish with pale center, circular, quite flat; that of the male similar in color, oval (Ferris, 1938a). The females have a brownish to pinkish subcircular scale, with subcentral to submarginal exuvia lighter than the rest of the dorsal shield. Faintly yellow membranous living adult females inhabit these scale covers.The male is oval and pinkish with marginal exuvia. Slide mounted adult females have two pairs of sclerotized lobes, with the third lobe represented by a small subconical tip. (Salerno, et al., 2018)
Biology: Occurring on the tubers (Ferris, 1938a). There is a record of Aspidiella hartii on Tripsacum laxum (Poaceae) but this could be a misidentification of A. sacchari, which is common on grasses. (Watson & Kondo, 2022a)
Economic Importance: The yam scale is a tropicopolitan species (see CABI, 1966, and Distribution) is a pest of yams of the genus Dioscorea, in the field and particularly of yams in storage (Schmutterer et al., 1957; Williams & Watson, 1988; Chua & Wood, 1990; Morse et al., 2000). The pest reproduces during storage and covers the tuber. Removal of plant sap shrivels the tubers during their trade, reducing quality, viability and marketability of the product. Severe A. hartii infestation of tubers can also inhibit their resprouting or kill the plant in the country of origin. Dipping yam in concentrated pyrethroids, or organophosphate insecticide, storage in sawdust, paddy husk or wood ash or paraffin wax coating may help to control the pest, although dipping in pyrethroids or organophosphate insecticide is not allowed in Europe. (Solerno, et al., 2018)
General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Ferris (1938a), Balachowsky (1958b), Williams & Watson (1988) and by Colon-Ferrer & Medina-Gaud (1998). Aspidiella hartii was incorrectly reported in ScaleNet as occurring in Australia based on a misinterpretation of the abbreviation AU in Kondo and Watson (2022a) which was listed as "Australian" instead of the correct zoogeographic region, "Australasian."

Illustrations

Citations

AduGyaAnOd2022: distribution, economic importance, host, resistance,
AkinloKo1988: chemical control, distribution, host, 21-23
Balach1958b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 283-285
Ballou1915: distribution, host, 121
Beards1966: distribution, host, 512
Beatty1944: distribution, host, 114-172
BenDovGe2003: catalog, 150-153
Borchs1966: catalog, 300-301
BurgerUl1990: economic importance, 313-327
CABI1966: distribution, host, 1-2
ChuaWo1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 551
Cocker1895w: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 7
Cocker1895y: distribution, economic importance, host, 85
Cocker1896b: distribution, 334
Cocker1896k: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, v
Cocker1897i: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 10,24
Cocker1897l: taxonomy, 151
Cohic1958: distribution, host, 12
ColonFMe1998: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 41-42
CouturMaRi1985: distribution, host, 278
DevasaKoVe1998: distribution, host, 157-164
Ehrhor1925g: distribution, host, 101
Fernal1903b: catalog, 260
Ferris1938a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 188
Ferris1941e: taxonomy, 44,45
Ferris1942: taxonomy, 445:11;446:30
Fletch1919: distribution, host, 232
FouaBi1982: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 265-273
Frogga1914: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 314
Frogga1915: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 17-18
GomezM1941: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 126-128
Gowdey1921: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 29
Green1915c: distribution, host, 44
Green1919c: distribution, host, 439
Hargre1937: distribution, economic importance, host, 505-520
Hart1896: taxonomy, 156
Hinckl1963: biological control, distribution, host,
HodgsoLa2011: distribution, host, 22
JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 24
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 14
KondoWa2024: distribution, 3
KotikaKu2000: distribution, host, 51-52
Leonar1898a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 67-69
LincanHoCa2010: distribution, host, 5
Lindin1907a: taxonomy, 19
MacGil1921: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 404
Malump2012b: distribution, 213
Mamet1943a: 156
Mamet1949: catalog, 53,54
Martor1976: distribution, host, 101
Maskew1914a: distribution, host, 446-447
MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 168
Maxwel1903: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 40
Meurge2011: distribution, 80
MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, 136
MillerDa1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 300
MorseAcMc2000: chemical control, economic importance,
MoutiaMa1947: distribution,
Nakaha1983: distribution, host, 8
NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, 13, S1
Panis2007: biological control, distribution, host, 288
PanisFo2006: biological control, distribution, host, 455-456
PatilThMo1988: distribution, host, 8-9
PerezG2008: distribution, 214
Ramakr1921: distribution, host, 38
SalernMaSu2018: control, diagnosis, dispersal, distribution, economic importance, illustration, 287–292
Sassce1923: distribution, host, 152-158
SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 494
SchneiFiNo2019: key, taxonomy, 92
SchneiOkNo2018: phylogeny,
Varshn2002: distribution, host, 22
Varshn2002: distribution, host, 23
VelasqRi1969: distribution, host, 195-208
VelayuLi2003: distribution, economic importance, host, 72-76
WalkerWaEv1974: distribution, host, 28
Waterh1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 156-171
Watson2001: list, 177
Watson2002a: biology, diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, natural enemies, taxonomy,
WatsonKo2022a: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 439-441
WeiScNo2021: key, 18
Willia1985a: catalog, taxonomy, 235
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 224
WilliaBu1987: distribution, host, 94
WilliaWa1988: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 8,44-47
Wilson1921: distribution, host, 20-34