Valid Names Results
Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell, 1893) (Pseudococcidae: Nipaecoccus)Nomenclatural History
- Dactylopius nipae Maskell 1893b: 232. Type data: GUYANA: Demerara, on Nipa fruticans. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand; accepted valid name
- Dactylopius pseudonipae Cockerell 1897f: 302. Type data: U.S.A.: California, on palm leaves. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1950, 109). Notes: Type material probably lost according to Ben-Dov and Matile-Ferrero (1995); synonymy also by Ben-Dov and Matile-Ferrero (1995: 248).
- Ripersia serrata Tinsley 1900: 66. Type data: TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, on a creeping vine. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaGr1992,277). Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1953a, 391).
- Pseudococcus nipae (Maskell, 1893); Cockerell 1902p: 252. change of combination
- Dactylopius dubia Maxwell-Lefroy 1903: 264. nomen nudum
- Pseudococcus pseudonipae (Cockerell, 1897); Fernald 1903b: 108. change of combination
- Ceroputo nipae (Maskell, 1893); Lindinger 1924: 179. change of combination
- Pseudococcus magnoliae Hambleton 1935: 110. Type data: BRAZIL: Sao Paulo, on Magnolia grandiflora. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Sao Paulo: Secao de Entomologia Agricola do Instituto do Biologia Vegetal, Brazil; junior synonym (discovered by CostaL1939, 2).
- Ripersia nipae (Maskell, 1893); Gómez-Menor Ortega 1937: 366. change of combination
- Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell, 1893); Šulc 1945: 1. change of combination
- Nipaecoccus pseudonipae (Cockerell, 1897); Beardsley 1960: 235. change of combination
Common Names
- cochonilha-algodao-amarelo CarvalAg1997
- coconut mealybug Bartle1978e McKenz1967
- Kentia mealybug Essig1915a
- chinche harinosa del aguacatero KondoWa2022c
- cochenille du cocotier KondoWa2022c
- cochinilla harinosa amarilla KondoWa2022c
- kokonattsu-kona-kaigaramushi KondoWa2022c
- palm wolluis KondoWa2022c
- piojo harinoso KondoWa2022c
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 51 | Genera: 119
- Acanthaceae
- Pseuderanthemum bicolor | MirabaGaCa2018
- Alismataceae
- Echinodorus palifolius | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Anacardiaceae
- Mangifera indica | Balach1957c BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Rhus | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Annonaceae
- Annona cherimola | LincanHoCa2010
- Annona diversifolia | PadillMaNa2016
- Annona muricata | BenDov1994 HodgsoLa2011 McKenz1967 WilliaGr1992
- Annona reticulata | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Annona squamosa | BenDov1994 CaasiLLiLa2012 WilliaGr1992
- Polyalthia longifolia | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Araceae
- Aglaonema | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Anthurium | BenDov1994 GomezM1937 Martin1985
- Anthurium acaule | BenDov1994 GomezM1937 WilliaGr1992
- Anthurium crystallinum | ViorenSaMa2025
- Dieffenbachia | JansenAl2023
- Epipremnum aureum | CaasiLLiLa2012 | (={Rhaphidophora merrillii}}
- Epipremnum pinnatum | HodgsoLa2011
- Monstera | BenDov1994 McKenz1967
- Philodendron | ViorenSaMa2025
- Philodendron pinnatifidum | BenDov1994 CarnerPe1986
- Syngonium podophyllum | MirabaGaCa2018
- Araliaceae
- Polyscias balfouriana | MirabaGaCa2018 | 'variegata'.
- Arecaceae
- Archontophoenix alexandrae | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Areca | BenDov1994 Hempel1929 WilliaGr1992
- Arecaceae | HodgsoLa2011
- Arenga pinnata | Balach1927 BenDov1994 | (= Arenga saccharifera)
- Butia capitata | BatsanKaKi2017
- Calyptrogyne | BenDov1994 Willia1962
- Caryota | JansenAl2023
- Chamaedorea | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Chamaedorea elegans | BugajNJuKa2021
- Chamaerops | BatsanKaKi2017
- Cocos nucifera | BenDov1994 CarnerPe1986 GomezM1967O Willia1962 WilliaGr1992
- Corypha utan | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Cyrtostachys renda | ViorenSaMa2025 ViorenSaMa2025
- Dypsis lutescens | Malump2014a ViorenSaMa2025 | (=Chrysalidocarpus lutescens),
- Elaeis guineensis | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Euterpe precatoria | SantosPe2023
- Hedyscepe canterburyana | BugajNJuKa2021
- Howea belmoreana | BenDov1994 Neves1935 | (= Kentia belmoriana)
- Howea forsteriana | BenDov1994 Neves1935 | (= Kentia forestriana)
- Hydriastele | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992 | (= Gronophyllum)
- Hyophorbe verschaffeltii | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Kentiopsis | BenDov1994 Willia1962
- Latania lontaroides | Bodenh1953a | (= Latania bourbonica)
- Livistona chinensis | Balach1927 BenDov1994 | (= Livingstonia sinensis)
- Nypa fruticans | BenDov1994 Maskel1893b WilliaGr1992
- Phoenix roebelenii | JansenAl2023
- Pinanga copelandii | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Pritchardia | BenDov1994 Zimmer1948
- Ptychosperma | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Rhapis excelsa | Balach1927 BenDov1994 | (= Chamaerops excelsa)
- Rhapis humilis | BenDov1994 Paik1978
- Roystonea regia | PadillMaNa2016
- Sabal | BenDov1994 Willia1962
- Saribus rotundifolius | CaasiLLiLa2012 | (= Livistona rotundifolia)
- Syagrus romanzoffiana | BenDov1994 Zimmer1948 | (= Arecastrum romanzoffianum)
- Asparagaceae
- Asparagus | BenDov1994 McKenz1967
- Dracaena | BenDov1994 McKenz1967
- Dracaena draco | Balach1927 BenDov1994 CarnerPe1986
- Yucca aloifolia | ViorenSaMa2025
- Yucca gigantea | Balach1927 BenDov1994 | (= Yucca elephantipes)
- Asphodelaceae
- Aloe ciliaris | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Bromeliaceae
- Ananas comosus | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992 | (= Ananas sativus)
- Lutheria splendens | JansenAl2023
- Tillandsia | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Calophyllaceae
- Calophyllum calaba | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Cannaceae
- Canna | BenDov1994 McKenz1967 WilliaGr1992
- Chrysobalanaceae
- Chrysobalanus icaco | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Clusiaceae
- Clusia rosea | MirabaGaCa2018
- Connaraceae
- Rourea glabra | MirabaGaCa2018
- Costaceae
- Cheilocostus speciosus | CaasiLLiLa2012 | (= Costus speciosus)
- Costus | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Costus malortieanus | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Cyclanthaceae
- Carludovica palmata | BenDov1994 Neves1935 WilliaGr1992
- Dilleniaceae
- Curatella americana | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Tetracera portobellensis | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Euphorbiaceae
- Alchornea | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Manihot esculenta | BenDov1994 Willia1970DJ WilliaGr1992
- Fabaceae
- Acosmium dasycarpum | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992 | (= Sweetia dasycarpus)
- Albizia lebbeck | MirabaGaCa2018
- Bahuinia divaricata | MirabaGaCa2018
- Inga | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Machaerium | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Zygia cataractae | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992 | (= Pithecellobium glomeratum)
- Heliconiaceae
- Heliconia | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992 ViorenSaMa2025
- Hypericaceae
- Vismia latifolia | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Hypoxidaceae
- Molineria capitulata | BenDov1994 GomezM1937 Martin1985 | (= Curculigo recurvata)
- Lamiaceae
- Tectona grandis | MartinBlSu2005
- Lauraceae
- Persea americana | BenDov1994 McKenz1967 WilliaGr1992
- Lecythidaceae
- Barringtonia asiatica | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992 | (= Barringtonia speciosa)
- Loranthaceae
- Scurrula atropurpurea | CaasiLLiLa2012 | (= Loranthus philippensis)
- Malvaceae
- Ceiba speciosa | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992 | (= Chorisia speciosa)
- Cola acuminata | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Gossypium | BenDov1994 Green1908
- Herrania nitida | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | LincanHoCa2010 ViorenSaMa2025
- Luehea candida | MirabaGaCa2018
- Luehea seemannii | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Pachira | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992 | (= Bombacopsis)
- Sterculia urens | BenDov1994 McKenz1967
- Theobroma bicolor | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Theobroma cacao | KondoRaVe2008
- Theobroma grandiflorum | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Theobroma subincanum | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Melastomataceae
- Melastomataceae | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Meliaceae
- Guarea guidonia | MirabaGaCa2018
- Moraceae
- Artocarpus altilis | BenDov1994 HodgsoLa2011 McKenz1967 WilliaGr1992 | (= Artocarpus communis)
- Castilloa | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Ficus benghalensis | BenDov1994 McKenz1967
- Ficus carica | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Ficus elastica | BenDov1994 GomezM1937 Martin1985
- Morus | BenDov1994 McKenz1967 WilliaGr1992
- Musaceae
- Musa | BenDov1994 KondoRaVe2008 WilliaGr1992
- Musa ornata | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Myrtaceae
- Eucalyptus camaldulensis | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Pimenta dioica | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Psidium | BenDov1994 Hempel1929
- Psidium guajava | BenDov1994 KondoRaVe2008 WilliaGr1992 Zimmer1948
- Syzygium malaccense | MirabaGaCa2018 | (= Eugenia malaccensis)
- Oleaceae
- Olea | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Orchidaceae
- Pleurothallis | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Pandanaceae
- Freycinetia multiflora | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Pandanus | BenDov1994 CarnerPe1986
- Phyllanthaceae
- Glochidion philippicum | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Poaceae
- Guadua angustifolia | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Polygonaceae
- Coccoloba uvifera | BenDov1994 McKenz1967 WilliaGr1992
- Proteaceae
- Roupala montana | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Rubiaceae
- Coffea | Vayssi1955
- Hamelia patens | MartinBlSu2005
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | BenDov1994 CarvalAg1997 WilliaGr1992
- Sapindaceae
- Cupania americana | MirabaGaCa2018
- Sapotaceae
- Chrysophyllum oliviforme | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Solanaceae
- Solanum tuberosum | BenDov1994 Green1908
- Strelitziaceae
- Ravenala madagascariensis | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Strelitzia | BenDov1994 McKenz1967
- Strelitzia alba | Balach1927 BenDov1994 | (= Strelitzia augusta)
- Styracaceae
- Styrax ferrugineus | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Urticaceae
- Urera | BenDov1994 McKenz1967 WilliaGr1992
- Verbenaceae
- Petrea volubilis | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992 | (= Petrea erecta)
- Vitaceae
- Vitis | BenDov1994 McKenz1967 WilliaGr1992
- Zingiberaceae
- Alpinia nutans | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Alpinia purpurata | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Zingiber | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
Foes:
Families: 11 | Genera: 25
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus ceroplastae | KondoWa2022c
- Cecidomyiidae
- Diadiplosis multifila | Malump2014a
- Lobodiplosis pseudococci | CarrilHoAl2024
- Chrysopidae
- Ceraeochrysa claveri | Powell2023
- Mallada basalis | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Plesiochrysa ramburi | ViorenSaMa2025
- Clavicipitaceae
- Metarhizium rileyi | CarrilHoAl2024 | (=Botrytis rileyi)
- Coccinelidae
- Diomus roseicollis | KondoWa2022c
- Coccinellidae
- Cryptolaemus montrouzieri | KondoWa2022c ViorenSaMa2025
- Curinus coeruleus | Moore1988 ViorenSaMa2025
- Hyperaspis silvestrii | Moore1988
- Nephus binaevatus | KondoWa2022c
- Scymnus | ViorenSaMa2025
- Scymnus roseicollis | BennetSi1964
- Zilus viridimicans | BennetSi1964
- Cordycipitaceae
- Lecanicillium lecanii | CarrilHoAl2024
- Drosophilidae
- Pseudiastata nebulosa | KondoWa2022c
- Encyrtidae
- Acerophagus alexte | KondoWa2022c
- Acerophagus utilis | Moore1988 | (=Pseudaphycus utilis)
- Aphycomorpha araucariae | KondoWa2022c
- Bothriocraera bicolor | KondoWa2022c
- Gahaniella akhatovi | KondoWa2022c
- Ooencyrtus distatus | KondoWa2022c
- Zaomma | KondoWa2022c
- Zarhopalus clavatus | KondoWa2022c
- Hemerobiidae
- Micromus igorotus | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Neozygitaceae
- Neozygites fresenii | CarrilHoAl2024 | (=Empusa fresenii)
Associates:
Families: 2 | Genera: 5
- Caulimoviridae
- BSV | PalmaJBlGu2019 WatsonKu2005
- Formicidae
- Anoplolepis gracilipes | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Dolichoderus thoracicus | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Oecophylla smaragdina | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Solenopsis geminata | CaasiLLiLa2012
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 76
- Algeria | Balach1927 BenDov1994
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Antigua | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Barbuda | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Argentina | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Austria | KondoWa2022c
- Azores | FrancoRuMa2011
- Bahamas | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Bangladesh | KondoWa2022c
- Barbados | KondoWa2022c
- Belgium | KondoWa2022c
- Belize | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Bermuda | BenDov1994 HodgsoHi1990 HodgsoHi1991 WilliaGr1992
- Brazil
- Acre | SantosPe2023
- Parana | BenDov1994 CABI1966b WilliaGr1992
- Rio de Janeiro | KondoWa2022c
- Sao Paulo | BenDov1994 Hempel1929
- British Virgin Islands | KondoWa2022c
- Bulgaria | TrenchTo2014
- Canary Islands | BenDov1994 CarnerPe1986 GomezM1967O MatileOr2001
- Cayman Islands | KondoWa2022c
- China | BenDov1994 Tang1992 TangHaTa1992
- Fujian (=Fukien) | KondoWa2022c
- Guangxi (=Kwangsi) | KondoWa2022c
- Hainan | KondoWa2022c
- Colombia | BenDov1994 Figuer1952 Kondo2001 Kondo2008a KondoRaVe2008 WilliaGr1992
- Costa Rica | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Cuba | BenDov1994 MartinBlSu2005 WilliaGr1992
- Czech Republic | BenDov1994 Zahrad1990
- Dominica | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Dominican Republic | BenDov1994 Schmut1990 WilliaGr1992
- Ecuador | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- El Salvador | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Federated States of Micronesia | KondoWa2022c
- Fiji | HodgsoLa2011
- France | KondoWa2022c
- Galapagos Islands | LincanHoCa2010
- Georgia (Republic of) | BenDov1994 Borchs1949 Yasnos2001
- Grenada | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Guadeloupe | Balach1957c BenDov1994 MatileEt2006
- Guam | KondoWa2022c
- Guatemala | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Guiana | VayssiGoDe2017
- Guyana (=British Guiana) | BenDov1994 Maskel1893b
- Haiti | PerezG2008
- Hawaiian Islands
- Hawaii | Beards1960 BenDov1994
- Honduras | JansenAl2023
- Hungary | BenDov1994 KosztaKo1978
- India
- Bihar | KondoWa2022c
- Kerala | JosephRaMo2012
- Tamil Nadu | KondoWa2022c
- West Bengal | BenDov1994 Green1908a
- Indonesia
- Java | Willia2004a
- Italy | MazzeoLoPe2014
- Sicily | BenDov1994 LongoMaPe1995 RussoMa1997
- Sicily | KondoWa2022c
- Jamaica | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Madagascar | KondoWa2022c
- Madeira Islands | Balach1939 BenDov1994 CarvalAg1997 CarvalFrAg1996
- Martinique | MatileEt2006
- Mexico | BenDov1994 McKenz1967 WilliaGr1992
- Chiapas | PadillMaNa2016
- Jalisco | PadillMaNa2016
- Morelos | PadillMaNa2016
- Puebla | PadillMaNa2016
- Tabasco | PadillMaNa2016
- Veracruz | PadillMaNa2016
- Morocco | Gavril2016
- Netherlands | JansenAl2023
- Nicaragua | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Pakistan | BenDov1994 CABI1966d
- Panama | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Peru | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Philippines | MuniapShWa2011
- Cebu | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Leyte | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Luzon | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Mindanao | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Mindoro | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Negros | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Palawan | CaasiLLiLa2012
- Poland | BenDov1994 Dziedz1990 Koteja1974b
- Portugal | BenDov1994 Neves1935 Seabra1942
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | BenDov1994 Martor1976 McKenz1967
- Russia
- St. Petersburg (=Leningrad) Oblast | BenDov1994 Borchs1949
- Saint Croix | Beatty1944
- Saint Kitts and Nevis Islands
- Saint Kitts | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Saint Lucia | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | KondoWa2022c
- South Africa | KondoWa2022c
- South Korea | BenDov1994 KwonDaPa2003a Paik1978
- Spain | BenDov1994 GomezM1937 Martin1985
- Suriname | BenDov1994 CABI1966b WilliaGr1992
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Tobago | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Trinidad | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Turkey | BenDov1994 Bodenh1953a KaydanUlEr2007
- U.S. Virgin Islands | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992 | KondoWa2022c
- United Kingdom
- England | BenDov1994 Green1917a MalumpBa2012
- Scotland | BenDov1994 Willia1962
- United States
- California | BenDov1994 DownieGu2004 Essig1915a Ferris1950b
- Florida | BenDov1994 McKenz1967
- Louisiana | BenDov1994 McKenz1967
- Venezuela | BenDov1994 CABI1966b WilliaGr1992
- Vietnam | BenDov1994 CABI1966b
- Western Samoa | KondoWa2022c
- Zimbabwe | KondoWa2022c
Keys
- ViorenSaMa2025: pp.1023 ( Adult (F) ) [Mealybug species found on ornamental plants in West Java, Indonesia]
- Hodgso2020: pp.32-34 ( Adult (M) ) [higher groups of Pseudococcidae]
- Suh2019a: pp.2-6 ( Adult (F) ) [mealybugs interepted in S. Korea]
- VonEllWaKi2018: pp.177 ( Adult (F) ) [Nipaecoccus in the U.S. and territories]
- DanzigGa2015: pp.476-477 ( Adult (F) ) [Nipaecoccus species]
- ParsaKoWi2012: pp.10-Aug ( Adult (F) ) [Key to mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) recorded on Manihot spp. (Euphorbiaceae) in the World]
- Willia2004a: pp.442 ( Adult (F) ) [Nipaecoccus species of southern Asia]
- WilliaGr1992: pp.240 ( Adult (F) ) [Central and South America]
- Willia1985: pp.229 ( Adult (F) ) [Australia]
- McKenz1967: pp.206 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A., California]
- Beards1960: pp.212 ( Adult (M) ) [Hawaii]
- Ferris1953a: pp.388 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Ferris1950b: pp.103 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Zimmer1948: pp.176 ( Adult (F) ) [Hawaii]
Remarks
- Systematics: To date, the DNA-sequenced data for most mealybug species show an intraspecific variability of 1 to 2% in their COI. The difference of 5–7% observed among females sharing Nipaecoccus nipae morphology, comparable to the percentage difference observed among other distinct pairs of species, indicates that there are possibly at least three cryptic species involved in the N. nipae complex: N. nipae complex1 from California and Hawaii with identical sequences, differing by 5% from N. nipae complex2 and by 7% from N. nipae complex3; N. nipae complex2 from Florida with identical sequences, differing from N. nipae complex3 by 7%; and N. nipae complex3 from Hawaii with identical sequences. (von Ellenrieder, et al., 2018)
- Structure: Colour photograph of the general appearance of the adult female given by Carvalho & Aguiar (1997). Live adult female oval, fairly flat to distinctly convex, 1.5–3.5 mm long; body contents reddish brown to orange, covered by thick buff to yellowish orange (occasionally white) wax, with 10–12 pairs of marginal pyramid-shaped or conical wax lumps (filaments); dorsum with 5–8 waxy lumps similar to those on lateral areas of body; without any ovisac. Male cocoons or tests found often in large numbers on foliage; each about 2 mm long, parallel-sided, made of white waxy filaments. (Kondo & Watson, 2022c)
- Biology: Occurring on the foliage of its host plants.
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Hempel (1929), Neves (1935), Gomez-Menor Ortega (1937), Ferris in Zimmerman (1948), Borchsenius (1949), Ferris (1950b), McKenzie (1967), Paik (1978), Zahradnik (1990), Williams & Granara de Willink (1992) and by Williams (2004a). Description and illustration of adult male by Beardsley (1960) and by Afifi (1968). Colour photographs in Caasi-Lit (2012).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRab2001d: distribution, 1361
- Afifi1968: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 114-118
- AltierNi1999: biological control, 919-933
- AnggraSiIr2024: ecology, host plant, illustration, survey, 2640, 2642-2644
- Balach1957c: distribution, host, 207
- Bartle1978e: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 145, 146
- BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 264
- Beards1960: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 234-235
- Beards2001: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 49-57
- Beatty1944: distribution, host, 114-172
- BenDov1994: catalog, 253-255
- Bennet1955: biological control, 413-416
- Bennet1974: biological control, 87-96
- BennetSi1964: biological control, 81-94
- Bodenh1953a: distribution, host, 119
- Borchs1949: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 260-262
- BouhelDeDe1932: control, distribution, host, 1-60
- BrainKe1917: distribution, 182
- BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 308
- CaasiLLiLa2012: distribution, ecology, host, illustration, 47-56
- CarnerPe1986: distribution, host, 53-54
- CarrilHoAl2024: biological control, distribution, host, illustration, natural enemies, 558, 562
- CarvalAg1997: description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 168-170
- CarvalFrAg1996: distribution, economic importance, host, 614
- CebeciAr2006: distribution, host, 138
- Cocker1897: description, taxonomy, 200
- Cocker1899n: distribution, host, 8
- DanzigGa2014: illustration, 13
- DanzigGa2015: diagnosis, host, key, 477, 479-482
- DanzigGa2015: diagnosis, distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 479-482
- DeitzTo1980: taxonomy, 54
- DenninDu1954: chemical control, 310-316
- DiazNiPiMe2023: biology, diagnosis, economic control, host, illustration, life cycle, male, morphology, 8, 25
- Dinthe1958: distribution, economic importance, host, 421
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 119
- DownieGu2004: distribution, host, molecular data, phylogeny, 258-259
- Dziedz1990: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 36
- ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 111
- Essig1915a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 132
- EzzatNa1987: distribution, 89
- FDACS2010: distribution, host, 4
- Ferris1950b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 109-111
- Ferris1953a: distribution, host, 391
- Figuer1952: distribution, host, 205
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 19,25
- Gavril2016: distribution, host, 6
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 223
- GomezM1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 366-368
- GomezM1967O: distribution, host, 134
- HansenHaCh1991: chemical control, economic importance, 532-536
- HardyGuHo2008: molecular data, phylogeny, taxonomy, 51-71
- Hempel1929: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 61
- HernanRoDa2005: biological control, 29-34
- Hodgso2012: taxonomy, 64
- Hodgso2020: key, 34
- HodgsoHi1990: distribution, host, 2-22
- HodgsoHi1991: distribution, host, 143
- HodgsoLa2011: distribution, host, 8
- Hollin1923: description, taxonomy, 56, 57
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 29,35
- JosephRaMo2012: distribution, 1-3
- KaydanCaUl2013: economic importance, 169
- KaydanUlEr2007: catalog, distribution, host, 100
- Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 37
- Kondo2008a: distribution, host, 25-29
- KondoMu2016: distribution, host, illustration, 11
- KondoRaVe2008: distribution, host, 38
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 24
- KondoWa2022c: control, description, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 152-154
- Koteja1974b: distribution, taxonomy, 74
- KwonDaPa2003a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 405-406
- LagowsGo2020: distribution, 70
- LincanHoCa2010: distribution, host, 6
- LitCaLa2006: distribution, economic importance, host, 11-18
- LitCaLu2022: economic importance,
- LondonKoCa2014: distribution, host, illustration, 270
- Malump2012b: distribution, host, illustration, 208,211,213
- Malump2014a: distribution, host, 81
- MalumpBa2012: distribution, 30
- Martin1985: distribution, host, taxonomy, 94
- MartinBlSu2005: distribution, host, 125-127
- Martor1976: distribution, host, 14-261
- MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 180
- MatileOr2001: distribution, host, 194
- MazzeoLoPe2014: distribution, 58
- McKenz1967: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 208-211
- MestreHoHa2015: distribution, host, 13-14
- MetcalMe1993: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- Meurge2011: distribution, 81
- MiddleDeDi2024: natural enemies, 11
- MirabaGaCa2018: distribution, host, 195
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 155
- Moore1988: biological control, 212, 216
- MuniapShWa2011: distribution, 168
- Neves1935: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 59-61
- PadillMaNa2016: distribution, host, 558
- ParsaKoWi2012: taxonomy, 9
- Pember1964: distribution, host, 689
- PerezG2008: distribution, 216
- Powell2023: behavior, natural enemies, physiology,
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 343
- RenAsHu2017: DNA, phylogeny, 4, 6
- RossHaOk2012: phylogeny, taxonomy, 199
- RussoMa1997: distribution, 51
- SagarrViSt2001a: biological control, 112-116
- SantosPe2023: distribution, host,
- SartiaWaRo2016: catalog, distribution, host, 158, 160
- Seabra1942: distribution, 2
- Suh2019a: key, 6
- Sulc1945: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 1-48
- Sweetm1958: biological control, economic importance, 449-458
- Tang1992: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 334-335, 734
- TangHaTa1992: distribution, host, 6
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 20-21
- Thaman2018: ant association, 2
- Tinsle1900: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 66, 67
- TrenchTo2014: distribution, 66, 67
- UlgentCa2004: distribution, host, 79-84
- UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S124
- Vayssi1932a: biological control, economic importance, 629-648
- Vayssi1955: distribution, host,
- VayssiGoDe2017: distribution, host, 297-298
- ViorenSaMa2025: distribution, host, illustration, key, morphology, natural enemies, survey, 1020
- VonEllWaKi2018: DNA, genebank, 176
- WalkerWaEv1974: distribution, host, 13
- WheeleHe2005: ecology, life history, 209-213
- Willia1962: distribution, host, 31
- Willia1978a: distribution, host, taxonomy,
- Willia1985: distribution, host, taxonomy, 242
- Willia1986c: distribution, host, taxonomy, 52
- Willia2004a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 442-445
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 248, 250
- WilliaBe2015: taxonomy, 166
- WilliaGr1992: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 277-280
- WilliaMa2012: distribution, illustration, 83, 84, 86
- Yang2006: biological control, 127-129
- Yasnos2001: biological control, distribution, host, 435-440
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 181
- Zimmer1948: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 176, 229-235
