Valid Names Results
Morganella longispina (Morgan, 1889) (Diaspididae: Morganella)Nomenclatural History
- Aspidiotus longispina Morgan 1889a: 352. Type data: GUYANA: Demerara, on Cupania supida; collected by McIntire.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name Illustr.
- Aspidiotus longispina; Maskell 1895b: 38. misidentification (discovered by Cocker1897i, 22).
- Hemiberlesia longispina (Morgan, 1889); Leonardi 1897b: 120. change of combination
- Aspidiotus (Morganella) longispinus Morgan, 1889; Cockerell 1897i: 24. change of combination requiring emendation of specific epithet for agreement in gender
- Aspidiotus (Morganella) maskelli Cockerell 1897i: 22. Type data: HAWAII [=SANDWICH ISLANDS]: Kailuna, N. Kona, on Ohia tree; sent by W.S. Wait.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Borchs1966, 277). Illustr.
- Aspidiotus longispina ornata Maskell 1898: 225. Type data: HAWAII: on various trees, collected by Koebele, and MAURITIUS: on undetermined plant, collected by d'Emmerez de Charmoy.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1941e, 46). Notes: Depository of type material unknown (Deitz & Tocker, 1980).
- Aspidiotus (Morganella) maskelli ornatus Cockerell, 1899; Cockerell 1899a: 395. change in status (level)
- Hemiberlesia longispina ornata (Maskell, 1898); Leonardi 1900: 339. change of combination
- Hemiberlesia maskelli (Cockerell, 1897); Leonardi 1900: 339. change of combination
- Hemiberlesia maskellii (Cockerell, 1897); Leonardi 1900: 339. misspelling of species epithet
- Aspidiotus maskelli Cockerell, 1897; Kirkaldy 1902: 107. change of combination
- Morganella longispina (Morgan, 1889); Fernald 1903b: 282. change of combination
- Morganella maskelli (Cockerell, 1897); Fernald 1903b: 282. change of combination
- Morganella maschelli (Cockerell, 1897); Seabra 1921: 99. misspelling of species epithet Notes: Mis-spelling of "Morganella maskelli" Cockerell.
- Aspidiotus ornatus Cockerell, 1899; Ferris 1941e: 46. change of combination and rank
- Aspidiotus (Morganella) longinus Morgan, 1889; Tao 1999: 99. misspelling of species epithet
- Aspidiotus ornataus Cockerell, 1899; Tao 1999: 99. misspelling of species epithet
Common Names
- champaca scale VelasqRi1969
- Maskell scale MillerDa2005
- plumose scale Brimbl1962 Hamon1981
- cochonilha-da-figuera KondoWa2022b
- escama de Maskell KondoWa2022b
- Maskell-dopluis KondoWa2022b
- plumose scale EFSA2025
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 44 | Genera: 87
- Anacardiaceae
- Mangifera indica | Borchs1966 GrandpCh1899 KinjoNaHi1996 Mamet1943a Mamet1949 WilliaWa1988
- Annonaceae
- Annona muricata | Malump2014a
- Cananga odorata | Matile1978
- Apocynaceae
- Nerium | MillerDa2005
- Nerium oleander | Brimbl1955
- Arecaceae
- Orania | MillerDa2005
- Pelagodoxa | MillerDa2005
- Betulaceae
- Corylus avellana | BicheArMe2022
- Bignoniaceae
- Catalpa fargesii | BicheArMe2022
- Tecoma stans | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988 | (= Stenolobium stans)
- Boraginaceae
- Burseraceae
- Aucoumea | MillerDa2005
- Cannabaceae
- Celtis | Ferris1953
- Celtis australis | EFSA2025
- Caricaceae
- Carica papaya | Balach1956 Brimbl1955 Cohic1958 Lepage1938 WilliaWa1988
- Elaeagnaceae
- Elaeagnus | Takagi1958
- Euphorbiaceae
- Aleurites moluccana | EFSA2022c
- Endospermum diadenum | PetersHaMo2020s2
- Fabaceae
- Acacia floribunda | BicheArMe2022
- Bauhinia | Balach1948b Green1937 WilliaWa1988
- Bauhinia purpurea | BicheArMe2022
- Bauhinia racemosa | BicheArMe2022
- Bauhinia variegata | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Ceratonia siliqua | BicheArMe2022
- Erythrina | MatileEt2006
- Gleditsia delavayi | Ferris1953
- Gleditsia sinensis | BicheArMe2022
- Gleditsia triacanthos | BicheArMe2022
- Vachellia nilotica | BicheArMe2022 | ssp. tomentosa (=Acacia arabica)
- Fagaceae
- Castanea sativa | BicheArMe2022
- Iridaceae
- Moraea | EFSA2022c
- Ixonanthaceae
- Allanthospermum borneense | PetersHaMo2020s2
- Juglandaceae
- Juglans regia | EFSA2025
- Lamiaceae
- Leucas aspera | EFSA2025
- Lauraceae
- Cinnamomum verum | Ruther1915a | (= Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
- Persea americana | MilleHeCa2016
- Loranthaceae
- Loranthus | MillerDa2005
- Lythraceae
- Lagerstroemia | Balach1956 Brain1918
- Lagerstroemia speciosa | WilliaWa1988 | (= Lagerstroemia flos-reginae)
- Punica | Hamon1981
- Punica granatum | ClapsDo2003
- Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia ashtonii | PetersHaMo2020s2
- Magnolia champaca | Balach1956 Brain1918 | (= Michelia champeca)
- Michelia | Balach1948b Hempel1900a Lepage1938 EFSA2025
- Malvaceae
- Hibiscus | Green1937 Lepage1938
- Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | Borchs1966 GrandpCh1899 Mamet1943a Mamet1949 WilliaWa1988
- Hibiscus syriacus | Ferris1953
- Lagunaria patersonii | BicheArMe2022
- Luehea divaricata | BicheArMe2022
- Sterculia | KondoWa2022b
- Theobroma | KondoWa2022b
- Mantidae
- Severinia | KondoWa2022b
- Meliaceae
- Aglaia | JansenAl2023
- Cedrela | EFSA2025
- Toona ciliata | Brimbl1955 | (= Cedrela toona)
- Trichilia | KondoWa2022b
- Moraceae
- Artocarpus integer | Balach1948b Green1905a Green1922 Green1937 | (= Artocarpus integrifolius)
- Broussonetia papyrifera | Ruther1915a
- Ficus | Cohic1958 Lepage1938 WilliaWa1988
- Ficus carica | Balach1926a Balach1927a Balach1932d Borchs1966 Mamet1943a Mamet1949 TakahaTa1956 WilliaWa1988
- Ficus elastica | BicheArMe2022
- Ficus macrophylla | Brimbl1955
- Ficus retusa | EFSA2025
- Morus | Ruther1915a
- Morus nigra | BicheArMe2022
- Musaceae
- Musa | BicheArMe2022
- Myrtaceae
- Callistemon | Hamon1981
- Eucalyptus | EFSA2022c
- Eugenia | WilliaWa1988
- Melaleuca | EFSA2025
- Melaleuca viminalis | EFSA2025 | (=Callistemon viminalis)
- Psidium cattleyanum | WilliaWa1988
- Psidium guajava | DoaneHa1909 WilliaWa1988
- Tristania | KondoWa2022b
- Oleaceae
- Fraxinus | Green1937
- Fraxinus angustifolia | BicheArMe2022
- Fraxinus berlandieriana | Balach1927 Balach1932d
- Fraxinus excelsior | EFSA2025
- Jasminum | WilliaWa1988
- Jasminum sambac | Cohic1958 WilliaWa1988
- Ligustrum | Balach1948b
- Ligustrum japonicum | BicheArMe2022
- Ligustrum lucidum | EFSA2025
- Ligustrum sinense | Brimbl1955
- Olea europaea | Balach1932d
- Orchidaceae
- Grammatophyllum | EFSA2025
- Oxalidaceae
- Averrhoa carambola | Lepage1938 WilliaWa1988
- Platanaceae
- Platanus | Hamon1981
- Proteaceae
- Macadamia ternifolia | Brimbl1955
- Rhamnaceae
- Paliurus spina-christi | BicheArMe2022 | (= Paliurus australis)
- Rhizophoraceae
- Bruguiera gymnorhiza | TakagiDe2011
- Rosaceae
- Eriobotrya japonica | ClapsDo2003
- Malus sylvestris | ClapsDo2003
- Mespilus germanica | ClapsDo2003
- Prunus domestica | ClapsDo2003
- Prunus dulcis | EFSA2025
- Prunus persica | ClapsDo2003
- Rubiaceae
- Coffea | EFSA2025
- Rutaceae
- Atalantia buxifolia | EFSA2025 | (=Severinia buxifolia)
- Calodendrum | EFSA2025
- Citrus | Balach1926a Lepage1938 WilliaWa1988 Zimmer1948
- Citrus aurantium | WilliaWa1988 WilliaWa1988
- Citrus limon | WilliaWa1988
- Citrus maxima | Balach1956 WilliaWa1988 | (= Citrus maxima)
- Citrus paradisi | WilliaWa1988
- Citrus reticulata | WilliaWa1988
- Citrus sinensis | EFSA2025
- Salicaceae
- Populus nigra | BicheArMe2022
- Salix | ClapsDo2003
- Salix alba | BicheArMe2022
- Sapindaceae
- Acer palmatum | NormarOkMo2019
- Aesculus californica | BicheArMe2022
- Alectryon connatus | Brimbl1955
- Blighia sapida | Morgan1889a | (= Cupania sapida)
- Cupania | Green1937
- Dimocarpus longan | EFSA2022c
- Litchi chinensis | EFSA2022c
- Scrophulariaceae
- Buddleja davidii | BicheArMe2022
- Solanaceae
- Cestrum nocturnum | BicheArMe2022
- Cestrum parqui | BicheArMe2022 | (= Cestrum foetidissimum)
- Iochroma cyaneum | BicheArMe2022 | (= Iochroma tubulosaa)
- Theaceae
- Camellia | Balach1948b
- Camellia japonica | Lepage1938
- Thymelaeaceae
- Peddiea | KondoWa2022b
Foes:
Families: 5 | Genera: 10
- Aphelinidae
- Aphytis | BelgueBiBe2017
- Aphytis chilensis | BelgueBiBe2017
- Encarsia koebelei | Zimmer1948 | (= Prospaltella koebelei)
- Pteroptrix maritima | KondoWa2022b
- Pteroptrix perkinsi | SchmutKlLu1957 Zimmer1948 | (= Archenomus perkinsi)
- Coccinellidae
- Pharoscymnus setulosus | KondoWa2022b
- Rhyzobius lophanthae | BelgueBiBe2017
- Cybocephalidae
- Cybocephalus | KondoWa2022b
- Encyrtidae
- Adelencyrtus | KondoWa2022b
- Comperiella bifasciata | KondoWa2022b
- Habrolepis | KondoWa2022b
- Nectriaceae
- Fusarium juruanum | WilliaWa1988
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 49
- Algeria | Balach1926a Balach1927 Balach1927a Ferris1938a SaighiDoBi2005
- Antigua and Barbuda | Nakaha1982
- Australia
- Queensland | Brimbl1955
- Bahamas | Nakaha1982
- Barbados | EFSA2025
- Bermuda | Nakaha1982
- Brazil | Ferris1938a
- Espirito Santo | MartinWoCu2022
- Parana | WolffCo1993
- Rio Grande do Sul | WolffCo1993
- Rio de Janeiro | Lepage1938
- Santa Catarina | WolffCo1993
- Sao Paulo | Lepage1938
- Cameroon | Nakaha1982
- Chile | EFSA2025
- China | SchneiOkNo2018 Tang1984
- Fujian (=Fukien) | EFSA2025
- Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | EFSA2025
- Nei Monggol (=Inner Mongolia) | EFSA2025
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | Nakaha1982
- Yunnan | Ferris1953
- Comoros | Matile1978
- Cook Islands | WilliaWa1988
- Costa Rica | Nakaha1982
- Dominican Republic | Nakaha1982
- Easter Island (=Rapa Nui) | KondoWa2022b
- Egypt | AbdRabEv2021 Ezzat1958
- Fiji | HodgsoLa2011 WilliaWa1988
- French Polynesia
- Marquesas Islands | KondoWa2022b
- Society Islands | DoaneHa1909 WilliaWa1988
- Tahiti | Balach1948b DoaneHa1909 Ferris1938a WilliaWa1988
- Tuamotu Islands | KondoWa2022b
- Guadeloupe | MatileEt2006
- Guatemala | Nakaha1982
- Guyana (=British Guiana) | Morgan1889a Newste1920
- Haiti | Nakaha1982 PerezG2008
- Hawaiian Islands
- Hawaii | Cocker1897i TakahaTa1956 Zimmer1948
- Kauai | KondoWa2022b
- Oahu | KondoWa2022b
- India | Ferris1938a Ramakr1921a
- Himachal Pradesh | EFSA2025
- Tamil Nadu | Varshn2002
- Indonesia | Nakaha1982
- Jamaica | Nakaha1982
- Japan | SchneiOkNo2018 Takagi1958
- Kyushu | TakahaTa1956
- Shikoku | TakahaTa1956
- Malaysia
- Sarawak | PetersHaMo2020s2
- Mauritius | Borchs1966 GrandpCh1899 Green1907 Mamet1943a Mamet1949
- Mexico | Balach1948b
- Mozambique | Almeid1971
- New Caledonia | Cohic1958
- Papua New Guinea | WilliaWa1988
- Philippines | VelasqRi1969
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | Balach1948b Martor1976
- Rodriques Island | KondoWa2022b
- Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) | KinjoNaHi1996
- Saint Lucia | Malump2014a
- Saint Martin & St. Barthelemy
- Saint Martin | EFSA2025
- Sao Tome and Principe
- Sao Tome | Nakaha1982
- Solomon Islands | KondoWa2022b
- South Africa | Balach1956 BrainKe1917 Ferris1938a
- Sri Lanka | Green1905a Green1922 Ruther1915a Varshn2002
- Subantarctic islands
- South Sandwich Islands | EFSA2025
- Taiwan | WongChCh1999
- Tonga | WilliaWa1988
- Trinidad and Tobago | Nakaha1982
- United States
- Florida | Nakaha1982
- Western Samoa | Laing1927 WilliaWa1988
Keys
- EvansWaMi2009: pp.63-67 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspididae species found on avocado]
- MillerDa2005: pp.29-34 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
- Ezzat1958: pp.241 ( Adult (F) ) [Egypt]
- Balach1956: pp.124 ( Adult (F) ) [Africa]
- Balach1948b: pp.292 ( Adult (F) ) [Mediterranean]
- Ferris1942: pp.38 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Fullaw1932: pp.95-97, 108 ( Adult (F) ) [Hawaii]
Remarks
- Systematics: Morganella longispina could be confused with Hemiberlesia palmae (Cockerell, 1892), as both have large median lobes and plates mostly fringed on their lateral margins rather than at their tips; diagnosis in Kondo & Watson (2022b).
- Structure: Female scale dark colour, with exuviae in the center, and a small concentric circle in the centre of the first larval skin; about 0.6 mm in diameter; convex (Morgan, 1889). Scale of the female almost black, circular, high convex, exuviae central, a thick ventral scale formed, scale of the male of similar color, elongate, exuvia near one end (Ferris, 1938a). Colour photograph of scale cover by Wong et al. (1999).
- Biology: Occurring on the bark (Ferris, 1938a). It is viviparous and completes several generations per year in Algeria. Its lifecycle includes egg, two nymphal instars and adult for females, while it includes for males, egg, two nymphal instars, prepupa, pupa and adult (EFSA, 2025).
- Economic Importance: Cohic (1955, 1956) and Reboul (1976) recorded damage to various host plants in New Caledonia and French Polynesia. Das (1965) listed this species as a pest of tea plants in India. Williams & Watson (1988) informed on damage to grapefruit, lemon and fig in Tahiti. Morganella longispina is reported as a pest of minor importance of Citrus in Brazil and China (Hamon, 1981; Miller and Davidson, 2005), mangoes in Florida (Peña, 1993), and Philippines and Japan (Miller and Davidson, 2005). Other damage reports refer to fig in Algeria, Bermuda, Florida and to Bauhinia and Jasminum in New Caledonia (Miller and Davidson, 2005).
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Balachowsky (1926a, 1948b, 1956), Zimmerman (1948), Ferris (1938a), Brimblecombe (1955), Tang (1984), Chou (1985, 1986), Colon-Ferrer & Medina-Gaud (1998) and by Takagi (2007). Color photograph in Kondo & Watson (2022b).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 36
- Almeid1971: distribution, host, 13
- AlmeidPeMa2018: distribution, host, 355
- Balach1926a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 63,65-69
- Balach1927: distribution, host, 177
- Balach1927a: distribution, host, 71-72
- Balach1932b: ecology, 517-522
- Balach1932d: distribution, host, taxonomy, IX
- Balach1948b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 293-295
- Balach1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 126-127
- BelgueBiBe2017: biological control, natural enemies, 123, 128
- BenDovGe2003: catalog, 652-655
- BiezanFr1939: distribution, host, 1-18
- BiezanSe1940: distribution, host, 67-68
- Borchs1966: catalog, 277-278
- Brain1918: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 136-137
- BrainKe1917: distribution, 184
- Brimbl1955: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 54-56
- Brimbl1961: distribution, host, 1-2
- Brimbl1962: distribution, economic importance, host, 222
- BurgerUl1990: economic importance, 313-327
- Castel1963: distribution, 140
- Chou1985: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 278-279
- Chou1986: illustration, taxonomy, 668
- ClapsDo2003: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 24-25
- ClapsWoGo2001a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 21-22
- Cocker1896b: distribution, 334
- Cocker1897i: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 22-23
- Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 395
- Cohic1956: distribution, economic importance, host,
- Cohic1958: distribution, host, 14
- ColonFMe1998: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 70-71
- CoronaRuMo1997: distribution, host, 38-41
- DEDAC1923: distribution, host,
- DanzigPe1998: catalog, 310-311
- DeitzTo1980: taxonomy, 40
- Dekle1964: distribution, host, 1
- DoaneHa1909: distribution, host, 298
- EFSA2022c: dispersal, economic importance, 40, 43, 55, 227-237
- EFSA2025: biology, control, diagnosis, dispersal, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy,
- EHG1897: distribution, host, 67-85
- EvansWaMi2009: taxonomy, 63-67
- Ezzat1958: distribution, 241
- EzzatNa1987: distribution, 87
- Fernal1903b: 282
- Ferris1937c: illustration, taxonomy, 51,84
- Ferris1938a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 249
- Ferris1941e: taxonomy, 45-46
- Ferris1942: taxonomy, 446:38
- Ferris1953: distribution, host, 67
- Flande1971: biological control, life history, 857-872
- Foldi1990: structure, 43-54
- Fullaw1932: taxonomy, 96,108
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 242
- Gomez1936: distribution, host, 42-43
- GrandpCh1899: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 24
- Green1905a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 340
- Green1907: distribution, host, 203
- Green1922: distribution, host, 462
- Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 332
- Hall1946a: taxonomy, 527
- Hamon1981: control, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 1-2
- Hamon1983: distribution, host, 45
- Hempel1900a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 498-499
- HodgsoLa2011: distribution, host, 25
- HorticInNo1923: distribution, host, 236-239
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 27
- Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 208-209
- KinjoNaHi1996: distribution, host, 125-127
- Kirkal1902: distribution, host, taxonomy, 107
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 18
- KondoWa2022m: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 508
- Laing1927: distribution, host, 40
- Leonar1897b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 120-121
- Leonar1900: distribution, host, taxonomy, 339
- Lepage1938: catalog, 410-411
- MacGil1921: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 426
- Malump2014a: distribution, host, 77
- Mamet1943a: 164
- Mamet1949: catalog, 62
- MartinFoCu2015: distribution, host,
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, host, 38
- MartinWoCu2022: distribution, host, 6
- Martor1976: distribution, host, 65
- Maskel1895b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 38-39
- Maskel1898: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 225-226
- Matile1978: distribution, host, 65
- MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 172
- Meurge2011: distribution, 81
- MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, 142
- MillerDa1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 303
- MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 290-292
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 152
- Morgan1889a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 352
- MoutiaMa1947: distribution,
- Muraka1970: distribution, host, 75
- NagarkSa1990: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 553-542
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 57
- Newste1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 194-195
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, 26, S1, S6
- Pena1993: distribution, economic importance, host, 399
- PenaDu1999: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 210-212
- PerezG2008: distribution, 214
- PetersHaMo2020s2: DNA, distribution, host,
- PorcelPeMa2012: structure, 320
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 357
- RangelGo1945: description, distribution, 1-44
- Reboul1976: distribution, economic importance, host,
- Reboul1976: distribution, economic importance, host,
- Ruther1915a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 109
- SaighiDoBi2005: distribution, host, 429-433
- Sassce1923: distribution, host, 152-158
- SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 474
- SchneiFiNo2019: key, taxonomy, 93
- SchneiOkNo2018: phylogeny,
- Seabra1921: distribution, host, taxonomy, 99
- Silves1929: distribution, host, 897-904
- Suh2016: distribution, host, key, 323, 328
- Takagi1958: distribution, host, taxonomy, 126
- Takagi2003: description, distribution, taxonomy, 102
- Takagi2007: description, illustration, taxonomy, 53-54
- TakagiDe2011: host, 24
- TakahaTa1956: distribution, host, 15
- Tang1984: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 56-57
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 98-99
- Timber1924: biological control, distribution, host,
- Varshn2002: distribution, host, 34
- Watson2001: list, 177
- Wester1920: distribution, host,
- Willia1985a: catalog, taxonomy, 236
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 226
- WilliaWa1988: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 9,181-183
- WolffCo1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 45-46
- WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 28,70-71
- WynneHoCo2025: distribution, list of species, record, 18
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 167
- Zimmer1948: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 358-359
