Valid Names Results
Dactylopius ceylonicus (Green, 1896) (Dactylopiidae: Dactylopius)Nomenclatural History
- Coccus cacti ceylonicus Green 1896: 7. Type data: SRI LANKA: Hambantota, on Opuntia sp.. Syntypes, unknown, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; Paris: Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, France; Portici: Dipartimento de Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria di Portici, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Italy; accepted valid name Illustr.
- Coccus indicus Green 1908a: 28. Type data: INDIA: Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, on Opuntia dillenii, coll. I. Burkill (Reg. No. 15467).. Holotype, unknown, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; Padova: Dipartimento Agronomia Ambientale Produzioni Vegetali - Entomologia, Italy; junior synonym (discovered by Green1922, 358). Illustr.
- Dactylopius ceylonicus (Green, 1896); Sanders 1909a: 38. Type depository: Paris: Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, France; change of combination Illustr.
- Dactylopius argentinus Dominguez 1915: 3. Type data: ARGENTINA: States of Cordoba, Santiago del Estero, Rioja and Catamarca, on various species of Cactaceae, such as Opuntia quimilo, O. aurantiaca, O. ficus indica. Syntypes, female, by subsequent designation junior synonym (discovered by Lizery1922, ).
- Dactylopius indicus (Green, 1908); Green 1922: 358. change of combination Illustr.
Common Names
- wild cochineal insect Green1922 Schmid1939
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 1 | Genera: 5
- Cactaceae
- Austrocylindropuntia vestita | Jashen1999b PerezGKo1992
- Cylindropuntia imbricata | ChavezTeCa2011
- Nopalea | PerezGKo1992
- Nopalea cochenillifera | ChavezTeCa2011
- Opuntia | DeLott1974a Green1896 MacGreSa1984
- Opuntia anacantha | ClapsDe2001 PerezGKo1992 | (=Opuntia canina) including var.retrosa
- Opuntia dillenii | Varshn1992
- Opuntia discolor | ClapsDe2001 PerezGKo1992
- Opuntia ficus-indica | MacGreSa1984 PerezGKo1992
- Opuntia fuliginosa | ChavezTeCa2011
- Opuntia hyptiacantha | ChavezTeCa2011
- Opuntia monacantha | Ali1967a DeLott1974a Green1922 Hutson1926 Kuwana1922 Varshn1994
- Opuntia pilifera | Bartle1978c Cadahi1984 ChavezTeCa2011 Flande1953a Jashen1999b MendelBl1991 QuezadDe1973
- Opuntia quimilo | ClapsDe2001 Kuwana1922 PerezGKo1992
- Opuntia salmiana | ClapsDe2001
- Opuntia stricta | Green1908a Hutson1926 PerezGKo1992 Sander1909a
- Opuntia sulphurea | Ferris1919a PerezGKo1992
- Opuntia tomentosa | ChavezTeCa2011
- Opuntia velutina | ChavezTeCa2011 | .(= Opuntia atropes)
- Tunilla soehrensii | ClapsDe2001
Foes:
Families: 2 | Genera: 2
- Coccinellidae
- Cryptolaemus montrouzieri | TirumaDa1958
- Syrphidae
- Eosalpingogaster nigriventris | MenguaTh2011
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 16
- Argentina
- Entre Rios | Lizery1922 Way1954
- Formosa | DeLott1967a PerezGKo1992
- San Luis | Lizery1922 PerezGKo1992 Richar1976
- Santa Fe | DeLott1974a Hall1935a PerezGKo1992
- Tucuman | PerezGKo1992 Richar1971
- Australia
- New South Wales | McKenz1942 PerezGKo1992
- Queensland | DeLott1974a McKenz1942 PerezGKo1992
- Bangladesh | BarbagBiBo1995 MarottPr1994 PerezGKo1992
- Bolivia | CouturMaRi1985 DeLott1974a PerezGKo1992
- Brazil | LePell1968 PerezGKo1992
- Ethiopia | DeLott1959
- India | Borchs1950b Green1908a Sander1909a
- Andhra Pradesh | BenDovMa2005 Bodenh1953a Gennad1883 KaydanUlEr2007 Varshn1994 Vayssi1926
- Bihar | Ali1967a PellizPoSe2011 Varshn1994
- Himachal Pradesh | Richar1976 Varshn1994
- Odisha (=Orissa) | Richar1976 Varshn1994
- Tamil Nadu | DeLott1961a Varshn1994
- West Bengal | Richar1971 Varshn1994
- Madagascar | McKenz1942 PerezGKo1992
- Mauritania | McKenz1942 PerezGKo1992
- Mauritius | Mamet1943a McKenz1942 MoutiaMa1946
- Mexico
- Hidalgo | KotejaAz2008 MacGreSa1984
- Jalisco | Beards1969 MacGreSa1984
- Mexico State | Koteja2000 MacGreSa1984
- Morelos | Koteja2000 MacGreSa1984
- Oaxaca | Bodenh1953a MacGreSa1984
- Veracruz | Ferris1925 MacGreSa1984 Nicolo1965 Vayssi1926
- Nepal | GreenLa1924 PerezGKo1992
- Paraguay | DeLott1974a PerezGKo1992 Richar1971
- South Africa | DeLott1974a VeaGr2015
- Sri Lanka | Green1896 Green1922 Medler1980 PerezGKo1992
- United States
- California | Ferris1919a Hadzib1983
Keys
- DeHaroCl1995: pp.16-17 ( Adult (F) ) [world]
- Ferris1955a: pp.86 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
Remarks
- Systematics: The original description of Dactylopius argentinus Dominguez, 1915 (current status Synonym of D. ceylonicus), includes the binomen, distribution, host plants and the chemical composition of the female. Dactylopius indicus (Green, 1908) has been synonimized with Dactylopius ceylonicus (Green, 1896) by Green (1922). Varshney (2005) presnted an illustration of the adult female of, what he named, Dactylopius indicus Green, 1908, but without further explanations,
- Structure: Colour illustration of the adult female and male given by Green (1922).
- Biology: Karny (1972) studied in South Africa three populations of Dactylopius spp., namely Species P, Species J and Dactylopius indicus [=Dactylopius ceylonicus]. Studies were carried on life history and their suitability for biological control of Opuntia spp. In Mexico, specimens were collected during April to June on the top portion of their hosts, on ripe cladodes of Opuntia with more than three levels of cladodes and on the areoles of prickly pears, in living fences with scarce vegetation and regosol. In November, D. ceylonicus was collected on the root nodules of Opuntia sp., in wild populations where xerophilous thickets and arenosol predominate. The presence of the insect is scarce without perceptible damage to its host. (Chavez, et al., 2011)
- Economic Importance: Goeden (1978) discussed the use of this species in biological control of Opuntia spp. This species was introduced from South America to India and Sri Lanka to produce carmine dye for export to England; however, it has a lower carminic acid content than the domesticated species, D. coccus, so was less productive. (Kondo & Gullan, 2022)
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Ferris (1955a), De Lotto (1974a) and by Perez Guerra & Kosztarab (1992). Description and illustration of nymphs of male and female, and adult male by De Haro (1996). Portillo (1995) distinguished between the fine cochineal species Dactylopius coccus and a group of wild cochineal species comprising D. austrinus, D. ceylonicus, D. confertus, D. confusus, D. opuntiae, D. salmianus, D. tomentosus and D. zimmermani.
Illustrations
Citations
- Ali1967a: distribution, economic importance, entomopathogenic fungi, host, life history, 30-31
- AndresDaHa1976: biological control, economic importance, 481
- BadiiFl2001: distribution, economic importance, host, 503-505
- BenDov2006b: catalog, taxonomy, 213-214
- Buchne1965: structure, taxonomy, 296
- Cardon2007: distribution, economic importance, host, 632-635
- ChavezTeCa2011: distribution, host, 64
- ChavezTeFr2010: chemistry, 671-679
- ClapsDe2001: distribution, host, 79
- DeHaro1996: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 1-4, 179-188
- DeHaroCl1995: taxonomy, 16-17
- DeLott1959: distribution, taxonomy, 152
- DeLott1974a: description, distribution, host, illustration, importance, taxonomy, 175-178
- DeSouzHo2015: biological control,
- DennilHo1990: biological control, 1-10
- DestruPrCo1915: biological control, distribution, host, 323
- Dodd1927: ant association, bacteria, biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 1-44
- Doming1915: chemistry, distribution, host, taxonomy, 3-5
- Ferris1919a: distribution, host, 20
- Ferris1955a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 90-91
- Frogga1917a: biological control, distribution, host, 417-426
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 228
- Goeden1978: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, 362-371
- GoedenAn1999: biological control, distribution, host, 871-890
- Green1896: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 7
- Green1908a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 28-29
- Green1912a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 80-82,84-87
- Green1922: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 358-359
- Harris2002: biological control, 74-76
- Hutson1926: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 290-292
- Imms1941: biological control, 303-305
- Jepson1930: biological control, 63-72
- Johnst1921: biological control, distribution, host, 65-66
- Johnst1924: biological control, distribution, host, 347-401
- Johnst1924a: biological control, distribution, host, 269-290
- Johnst1926: biological control, distribution, host, 235-240
- Johnst1926: biological control, distribution, host, 235-240
- Karny1972: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 1-19
- KondoGu2022: economic importance, 1
- KondoGu2022: economic importance, 1,3
- Koszta1987: biological control, economic importance, 218
- KozarDr1998f: catalog, 169-170
- LaingHa1976: biological control, 685
- Lindin1943a: taxonomy, 147
- Lizery1922: distribution, host, taxonomy, 107-110
- Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 145
- Mamet1949: catalog, 7
- Mann1969: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 139-150
- MazzeoNuRu2019: distribution, taxonomy, 4
- MoranNeHo1986: biological control, 261-268
- MoranZi1984: behavior, distribution, host, 297-320
- MoranZi1991: biological control, distribution, host, 5-27
- MoutiaMa1946: distribution, economic importance, host, 462
- NanDeWu2013: phylogenetics, 173
- Ordish1967: biological control, economic importance,
- PerezGKo1992: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 40-44
- Portil1995: distribution, host, 62-65
- PortilVi2006: biological control, distribution, host, 249-255
- PulzWoCa2008: taxonomy, 72
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 343
- Ramakr1931: distribution, economic importance, host, 229-237
- Reddy1964: distribution, economic importance, host, 465
- Sander1909a: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 38
- Sankar1973: biological control, life history, 82-88
- SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 426
- Scott1936: biological control, distribution, host, 404-410
- SerranSoHa2013: chemistry, economic importance, 6081-6090
- SilvaMeDe2013: distribution, 5237
- Sulliv1990: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 123-129
- Sweetm1935: biological control, 373-377
- Taylor1984: chemistry, economic importance, 22-25
- TirumaDa1958: biological control, 545-552
- Tough1938: biological control, distribution, host, 7-9
- Valles1965: biological control, 259-279
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 37
- Varshn1994: distribution, host, 331
- Varshn2005: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 145, 147-148
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 217
- WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 9,12,15,27
- WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 12,14,19,31,42
- WilliaBe2015: taxonomy, 162, 165
- ZimmerMoHo1986: biological control, 269-275
