Valid Names Results
Chrysomphalus Ashmead, 1880 (
Diaspididae)
Nomenclatural History
- Chrysomphalus
Ashmead
1880: 267.
Type species: Chrysomphalus ficus Ashmead
by monotypy
.
(= Chrysomphalus aonidum, L. )
accepted valid name
Notes: L
- Chrysonphalus
Monastero
1955: 89;.
.
misspelling of genus name
- Chrysamphalus
Chou
1985: 283;.
.
misspelling of genus name
- Chrisomphalus
Yasnosh
1995: 248;.
by present designation
.
misspelling of genus name
- Chrysophalus
Wu
1999b: 234;.
.
misspelling of genus name
Remarks
- Systematics: Chrysomphalus Ashmead is closely related to Aonidiella, but differs from the latter, in the cephalothorax never being reniform, or the prepygidial lobes curving posteriorly to the pygidium; furthermore, the paraphyses in Chrysomphalus are as long as or longer than the lobes, whereas in Aonidiella they are much shorter (Takagi, 1969a; Williams & Watson, 1988).
It is also similar to Acutaspis, but the posterior margin of the pygidium is more or less truncate, not tapering to an acute apex as in Acutaspis. It also comes close to Marginaspis, Lindingaspis and Melanaspis but, in Chrysomphalus, the plates between L3 and L4 are more conspicuous and branched and longer than the lobes, whereas in the other genera the plates are short, not exceeding the length of the lobes. In addition, in Lindingaspis and Melanaspis, there is usually a series of short paraphyses anterior to L4 which are absent in Chrysomphalus. (Smith-Pardo, et al., 2012) Worldwide, Chrysomphalus currently contains 17 species, although possibly not all of them are congeneric. (Berry & Watson, 2022)
- Structure: Scale cover of adult female circular, flat, yellow to brown or black, with yellow to brown central or subcentral exuviae. Scale cover of immature male similar to female but smaller, oval with yellow to brown exuviae towards one end. Slide-mounted adult female body pyriform to broadly pyriform (never reniform). Pygidium subtended by an angle greater than 90°, with 3 or 4 pairs of marginal lobes and long dorsal macroducts with one-barred inner ends; 2nd lobes unilobulate. (Berry & Watson, 2022)
- Biology: The genus Chrysomphalus is probably native to the Asia-Australian region.
- Economic Importance: The genus contains species that are major, worldwide pests.
- General Remarks: Definition and characters by Dietz & Morrison (1916a), Robinson (1917), Fullaway (1932), Kuwana (1933), Ferris (1938a), Lupo (1953), Balachowsky (1948b, 1956), Borchsenius (1950b), Gomez-Menor Guerrero (1962), Almeida (1969), Takagi (1969a), Velasquez (1971), Bazarov & Shmelev (1971), Williams & Watson (1988), Danzig (1993) and by Kosztarab (1996).
Keys
- DubeyKaJo2022: pp.514
(
Adult (F)
)
[Diaspididae infesting Areca catechu in Karnataka]
- MoghadWa2021: pp.31-33
(
Adult (F)
)
[Genera of Diaspididae in Iran]
- SmithPEvDo2012: pp.4-Mar
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key to the Aspidiotinae (Diaspididae) genera similar to the genus Chrysomphalus]
- ClapsDo2003: pp.14
(
Adult (F)
)
[Genera of South America]
- ColonFMe1998: pp.28-32
(
Adult (F)
)
[Genera of Puerto Rico]
- Gill1997: pp.24-26
(
Adult (F)
)
[Genera of California]
- Gill1997: pp.96
(
Adult (F)
)
[Species of California]
- Koszta1996: pp.406-407
(
Adult (F)
)
[Northeastern North America]
- Danzig1993: pp.164
(
Adult (F)
)
[species Europe]
- WolffCo1993: pp.29
(
Adult (F)
)
[Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul]
- BlayGo1993: pp.473
(
Adult (F)
)
[Spain]
- Zahrad1990b: pp.74
(
Adult (F)
)
[Czech Republic]
- WilliaWa1988: pp.20
(
Adult (F)
)
[Tropical South Pacific]
- Terezn1986: pp.83
(
Adult (F)
)
[Ukraine]
- Chou1985: pp.283
(
Adult (F)
)
[Genera of China]
- Chou1985: pp.284
(
Adult (F)
)
[Species of China]
- Paik1978: pp.311
(
Adult (F)
)
[species South Korea]
- BazaroSh1971: pp.186
(
Adult (F)
)
[Central Asia]
- Velasq1971: pp.131
(
Adult (F)
)
[Philippines]
- Beards1966: pp.502-504
(
Adult (F)
)
[Federated States of Micronesia ]
- Danzig1964: pp.645
(
Adult (F)
)
[Europe]
- GomezM1962: pp.157
(
Adult (F)
)
[Canary Islands]
- Zahrad1959a: pp.548
(
Adult (F)
)
[Czech Republic]
- Balach1958b: pp.230
(
Adult (F)
)
[Aspidiotina of Africa]
- Ezzat1958: pp.237-239
(
Adult (F)
)
[Egypt]
- GomezM1956: pp.7-8
(
Adult (F)
)
[Spain]
- McKenz1956: pp.22-23
(
Adult (F)
)
[U.S.A.: California]
- Balach1951: pp.600
(
Adult (F)
)
[Mediterranean]
- Borchs1950b: pp.167
(
Adult (F)
)
[USSR]
- Zimmer1948: pp.351
(
Adult (F)
)
[Hawaii]
- GomezM1946: pp.59-61
(
Adult (F)
)
[Spain]
- RuizCa1944: pp.57
(
Adult (F)
)
[Spain]
- Ferris1942: pp.27
(
Adult (F)
)
[North America]
- Ferris1942: pp.31
(
Adult (F)
)
[species North America]
- Archan1937: pp.94
(
Adult (F)
)
[Middle Asia]
- Borchs1937: pp.99
(
Adult (F)
)
[USSR]
- Borchs1937a: pp.32-33
(
Adult (F)
)
[Palaearctic Region]
- Kuwana1933a: pp.43-45
(
Adult (F)
)
[Japan]
- Fullaw1932: pp.97-98
(
Adult (F)
)
[Hawaii]
- Archan1929: pp.189
(
Adult (F)
)
[Palaearctic Region]
- Balach1928b: pp.157
(
Adult (F)
)
[Africa]
- Britto1923: pp.360
(
Adult (F)
)
[U.S.A.: Connecticut]
- Hollin1923: pp.6-7
(
Adult (F)
)
[U.S.A.: Missouri]
- Leonar1920: pp.26
(
Adult (F)
)
[Italy]
- Leonar1920: pp.65
(
Adult (F)
)
[Species of Italy]
- Brain1919: pp.198
(
Adult (F)
)
[World]
- Lawson1917: pp.206
(
Adult (F)
)
[U.S.A.: Kansas]
- Lawson1917: pp.210
(
Adult (F)
)
[species U.S.A.: Kansas]
- Robins1917: pp.16-17
(
Adult (F)
)
[Philippines]
- Robins1917: pp.24
(
Adult (F)
)
[species Philippines]
- DietzMo1916a: pp.263
(
Adult (F)
)
[U.S.A.: Indiana]
- Lindin1913: pp.64
(
Adult (F)
)
[Africa]
Associated References
- Almeid1969:
taxonomy, pp. 154-156
- Archan1929:
taxonomy, pp. 189
- Archan1937:
description, taxonomy, pp. 94
- Ashmea1880:
description, taxonomy, pp. 267
- Balach1928b:
taxonomy, pp. 157
- Balach1948b:
description, taxonomy, pp. 345-346
- Balach1951:
taxonomy, pp. 590,600
- Balach1956:
description, taxonomy, pp. 82-85
- Balach1958b:
taxonomy, pp. 230
- BazaroSh1971:
description, taxonomy, pp. 193
- Beards1966:
distribution, host, pp. 515
- BenDov1990h:
taxonomy, pp. 81
- BenDovGe2003:
catalog, pp. 254-256
- BerlesLe1896:
description, taxonomy, pp. 347
- BerlesLe1898a:
taxonomy, pp. 131
- BerryWa2022:
biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, pp. 457
- BlayGo1993:
description, taxonomy, pp. 502
- Bodenh1924:
taxonomy, pp. 21
- Bodenh1949:
description, taxonomy, pp. 26,37
- Bodenh1952:
taxonomy, pp. 329
- Borchs1937:
description, taxonomy, pp. 94
- Borchs1937a:
description, taxonomy, pp. 32,48
- Borchs1949d:
description, taxonomy, pp. 194,231
- Borchs1950b:
description, taxonomy, pp. 167,217
- Borchs1966:
catalog, taxonomy, pp. 283-284
- Brain1918:
taxonomy, pp. 116
- Brain1919:
taxonomy, pp. 166,198
- Brimbl1962a:
taxonomy, pp. 411-412
- Britto1923:
description, taxonomy, pp. 360,376
- Bustsh1958:
taxonomy, pp. 229
- Chou1947:
description, taxonomy, pp. 9-24
- Chou1985:
description, taxonomy, pp. 283-284
- ClapsDo2003:
taxonomy, pp. 14
- Cocker1897i:
taxonomy, pp. 9,12,31
- Cocker1899a:
taxonomy, pp. 396
- Cocker1899n:
taxonomy, pp. 25
- Cocker1905b:
taxonomy, pp. 200
- ColonFMe1998:
description, taxonomy, pp. 48
- Danzig1964:
taxonomy, pp. 651
- Danzig1993:
description, taxonomy, pp. 163-164
- DanzigPe1998:
catalog, pp. 214
- DietzMo1916a:
description, taxonomy, pp. 263,306
- Ezzat1958:
taxonomy, pp. 239
- Fernal1903b:
catalog, pp. 285
- Ferris1937c:
taxonomy, pp. 50,53,54,64
- Ferris1937d:
taxonomy, pp. 105
- Ferris1938a:
description, taxonomy, pp. 198
- Ferris1942:
taxonomy, pp. 446:27
- Fullaw1932:
description, taxonomy, pp. 97,107
- Ghauri1962:
taxonomy, pp. 210
- Gill1997:
taxonomy, pp. 95
- GomezM1937:
description, taxonomy, pp. 43,88-89
- GomezM1946:
taxonomy, pp. 60
- GomezM1956:
description, taxonomy, pp. 31-32
- GomezM1962:
description, taxonomy, pp. 179
- Gowdey1921:
taxonomy, pp. 31
- Hadzib1983:
taxonomy, pp. 223-224
- Hempel1920:
taxonomy, pp. 140
- Hollin1923:
taxonomy, pp. 7,67,68
- HosnyEz1957:
taxonomy, pp. 332
- Kawai1980:
taxonomy, pp. 209
- Koszta1996:
description, taxonomy, pp. 477
- Kuwana1933:
description, taxonomy, pp. 26,43
- Lawson1917:
description, taxonomy, pp. 206,209
- Lawson1917:
description, taxonomy, pp. 209
- Leonar1897:
taxonomy, pp. 284
- Leonar1897a:
taxonomy, pp. 375
- Leonar1897b:
taxonomy, pp. 111
- Leonar1899:
taxonomy, pp. 198
- Leonar1920:
description, taxonomy, pp. 26,64-65
- Lepage1938:
catalog, taxonomy, pp. 398
- Lepesm1947:
description, taxonomy, pp. 196
- LinKoGu2013:
molecular data, phylogeny, pp. 257
- Lindin1908b:
taxonomy, pp. 98
- Lindin1910a:
taxonomy, pp. 440
- Lindin1910b:
taxonomy, pp. 39
- Lindin1911:
taxonomy, pp. 355
- Lindin1924:
taxonomy, pp. 171
- Lindin1937:
taxonomy, pp. 182
- Lupo1953:
description, taxonomy, pp. 23
- MacGil1921:
taxonomy, pp. 388,414-421
- Mamet1949:
catalog, taxonomy, pp. 55-56
- McKenz1939:
description, taxonomy, pp. 51-53
- McKenz1943:
taxonomy, pp. 148
- McKenz1956:
taxonomy, pp. 23
- MoghadWa2021:
diagnosis, key, taxonomy, pp. 32, 63-64
- MorrisMo1966:
taxonomy, pp. 37
- Nel1933:
taxonomy, pp. 417-419
- NormarOkMo2019:
phylogeny, taxonomy, pp. 53, S1
- Robins1917:
description, taxonomy, pp. 16,23
- RuizCa1944:
taxonomy, pp. 57
- Savesc1982:
description, taxonomy, pp. 304
- Schmut1959:
description, taxonomy, pp. 47,53
- SmithPEvDo2012:
description, illustration, taxonomy, pp. 1-4
- Takagi1969a:
description, taxonomy, pp. 85-86
- Tao1999:
taxonomy, pp. 80
- ThiemGe1934a:
taxonomy, pp. 232
- Varshn2002:
taxonomy, pp. 26
- Velasq1971:
description, taxonomy, pp. 131
- WilliaWa1988:
description, taxonomy, pp. 90,93
- WolffCo1993:
taxonomy, pp. 29
- Yasar1995a:
description, taxonomy, pp. 57-58
- Yasnos1995:
taxonomy, pp. 248
- Zimmer1948:
taxonomy, pp. 351,368
17 Species
