Valid Names Results
Aclerda takahashii Kuwana, 1932 (Aclerdidae: Aclerda)Nomenclatural History
- Aclerda japonica; Takahashi 1930: 36. misidentification (discovered by Kuwana1932a, 62).
- Aclerda takahashii Kuwana 1932a: 62. Type data: TAIWAN: Kori, Shinka, on Saccharum officinarum. Syntypes, female, by original designation Type depository: Ibaraki-ken: Insect Taxonomy Laboratory, National Institute of Agricultural Environmental Sciences, Kannon-dai, Yatabe, Tsukuba-shi, (Kuwana), Japan; accepted valid name Illustr.
- Aclerda sacchari Hempel 1932: 332. Type data: BRAZIL: Sao Paulo, Campinas, on sugarcane. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Sao Paulo: Secao de Entomologia Agricola do Instituto do Biologia Vegetal, Brazil; synonym and homonym (discovered by Hempel1934, 147). Replacement name for Aclerda sacchari Teague, 1925 Illustr.
- Aclerda campinensis Hempel 1934: 147. replacement name (discovered by Hempel1934, 147). Replacement name for Aclerda sacchari Hempel, 1932
- Aclerda thysanolaenae Mamet 1943: 125. Type data: MAURITIUS: Rose Hill, on Thysanolaena agrostis. Holotype, female, Type depository: Paris: Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, France; junior synonym (discovered by McConn1954, 91). Illustr.
- Aclerda campinensis McConnell 1954: 91. junior synonym (discovered by McConn1954, 91).
Common Names
- Escama plana de la caña de azúcar Kondo2022c
- Flat grass scale Kondo2022c
- kansha- kata-kaigara-modoki Kondo2022c
- sugar cane scale insect Kondo2022c
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 1 | Genera: 8
- Poaceae
- Brachypodium retusum | KondoWa2022c | (= Brachypodium ramosum)
- Milium | Kondo2022c
- Miscanthus | McConn1954
- Panicum turgidum | AbdRabEv2021
- Saccharum | AbdRabEv2021 McConn1954
- Saccharum arundinaceum | Takaha1952
- Saccharum officinarum | Ali1970a Hempel1932 Karam1991 Kuwana1932a Varshn1992 | (= Saccharum officinalis)
- Saccharum spontaneum | Varshn1992
- Stipa bromoides | Kondo2022c
- Thinopyrum intermedium | Kondo2022c | (= Agropyron intermedium)
- Thysanolaena latifolia | Mamet1943 McConn1954 | (= Thysanolaena agrostis)
Foes:
Families: 6 | Genera: 14
- Aphelinidae
- Botryoideclava bharatiya | Rao1980
- Coccophagus ceroplastae | Kondo2022c
- Drosophilidae
- Rhinoleucophenga obesa | Kondo2022c
- Encyrtidae
- Astymachus japonicus | MotterStGa2021
- Astymachus srilankae | NoyesHi2020
- Cheiloneurus nigrescens | MotterStGa2021
- Comones dulcis | MotterStGa2021
- Mariola flava | Kondo2022c
- Mucrencyrtus aclerdae | Kondo2022c
- Neastymachus auraticorpus | MotterStGa2021
- Prochiloneurus | Kondo2022c
- Subprionomitus | MotterStGa2021
- Eurytomidae
- Eurytoma | Kondo2022c
- Pteromalidae
- Promuscidea | LimPa1976
- Promuscidea unfasciativentris | MotterStGa2021
- Signiphoridae
- Signiphora maxima | Kondo2022c
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 19
- Brazil | McConn1954
- Alagoas | Kondo2022c
- Distrito Federal (=Brasilia) | Kondo2022c
- Espirito Santo | Kondo2022c
- Pernambuco | Kondo2022c
- Rio Grande do Sul | BritoOWo2014 SturzaPeNa2021
- Rio de Janeiro | Kondo2022c
- Sao Paulo | Hempel1932
- China | McConn1954
- Colombia | Kondo2022c
- Costa Rica | Kondo2022c
- Cuba | Kondo2022c
- Egypt | AbdRabEv2021 Karam1991
- Guam | Muniap2001
- Haiti | MotterStGa2021
- India
- Tamil Nadu | Varshn1992
- Uttar Pradesh | Varshn1992
- Indonesia
- Sulawesi (=Celebes) | Gavril2013
- Malaysia
- Malaya | Takaha1952
- Mauritius | Kuwana1932a Mamet1943 McConn1954
- Pakistan | Varshn1992
- Philippines | McConn1954
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | Kondo2022c
- Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014 Mamet1952
- Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) | Kondo2022c
- Taiwan | McConn1954 Tao1989
- United States
- Florida | Stocks2016
Keys
- Wang1994: pp.259 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
- Yang1982: pp.194 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
- Kawai1980: pp.135 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
- McConn1954: pp.25 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
Remarks
- Structure: Colour photograph by Kawai (1980, Figs. 5.2, a,b). In the population of A. takahashii examined in Hamilton County, Florida, all stages were on the above-ground stem but hidden beneath the leaf petiole (sheath). When the sheath was peeled back, crawlers to late adult females were seen commingled, often in abundance. Immature through the early adult stage are a light-yellow or beige color and elongate-oval in outline. Late adult females become progressively darker (dark reddish-brown) and elongate as they mature, and the body outline may become quite deformed. They produce very little wax, which is bright white, slightly ‘woolly’, and more-or-less restricted to a small fringe around the body. The process of darkening and hardening changes as the adult female ages; in early adult females the posterior abdomen becomes heavily sclerotized and dark prior to the remainder of the body. Late adult females somewhat resemble small watermelon seeds in color and shape. (Stocks, 2016) Slide-mounted adult female body elongate to broadly oval, about 5 mm long, anterior end narrower and rounded, posterior end broader, widest near middle of abdomen, apex slightly protruding. Margins of caudal area sclerotized. Posterior margins and dorsal and ventral surfaces of posterior abdomen with numerous short, irregularly placed ridges and furrows; rest of derm membranous initially, becoming sclerotized at maturity. (Kondo, 2022c)
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of the adult female given by McConnell (1954), Kawai (1980) and by Wang (1994). Ddescription and illustration of all nymphal instars given by Karam (1991).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 27
- AbdelR2020: economic importance, life history,
- Ali1970a: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 132
- BenDov2006b: catalog, taxonomy, 16-17
- Box1953: distribution, host, 51
- BritoOWo2014: diagnosis, distribution, illustration,
- Gavril2013: distribution, 82
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 232
- GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, 22
- Hempel1932: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 332-333
- Hempel1934: taxonomy, 147
- HouWeZh2023: phylogeny, 343, 344, 346
- Karam1991: distribution, host, taxonomy, 341-353
- Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 19, 135-137
- Kondo2022c: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 219-221
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 8
- KozarDr1998: catalog, 12-13
- Kuwana1932a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 62-64
- LimPa1976: distribution, host, natural enemies, 1-3
- Mamet1943: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 125-126
- Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 149
- Mamet1949: catalog, 18
- Mamet1952: distribution, host, taxonomy, 170
- MarchiAlNu2023: ant association, ecology,
- McConn1954: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 91-95
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 149
- MonteiPeMa2021a: biology, dispersal, distribution,
- MonteiWoPe2019: distribution, host, 392,393
- MotterStGa2021: biological control, distribution, host, molecular data, natural enemies,
- MukuntNi2002: distribution, host, 157-159
- Muniap2001: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-16
- NoyesHi2020: natural enemies, 670, 678
- Rao1980: biological control, distribution, host, 41-45
- Stocks2016: description, diagnosis, host, 1
- StocksHa2016: distribution, host,
- SturzaPeNa2021: distribution,
- Takaha1930: distribution, host, taxonomy, 36-37
- Takaha1952: distribution, host, 17
- Tao1989: catalog, 59
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 50
- Varshn1985a: catalog, 22
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, 67
- Wang1994: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 265-266
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 203
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 154
