Valid Names Results

Pseudaulacaspis prunicola (Maskell, 1895) (Diaspididae: Pseudaulacaspis)

This catalog page aggregates the information for all subspecies of Pseudaulacaspis prunicola. If you are looking for information specific to the binomial, click on the link to the nominal trinomial below.

Subspecies:

Pseudaulacaspis prunicola prunicola

Pseudaulacaspis prunicola theae

Nomenclatural History

Chionaspis prunicola Maskell 1895b: 49. Type data: UNITED STATES: Hawaii, on "Japanese plum," by Mr. Koebele. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
Chionaspis prunicola Maskell 1895b. accepted valid name
Chionaspis prunicola theae Maskell 1896b: 389-390. Type data: INDIA: Northern India (no locality mentioned) on Thea sp.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (DeitzTo1980,44). Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand; accepted valid name Notes: Lectotype slide bears original label "Chionaspis/prunicola/var. theae/adult female/1895 W.M.M." and new label "LECTOTYPE/Chionaspis/prunicola/theae/Maskell, 1896/ design. Deitz & Tocker 1979/ ENTOMOLOGY DIVISION D.S.I.R. NZ." Illustr.
Diaspis amygdali rubra Maskell 1898: 228. Type data: JAPAN: on Orixa japonica, by Mr. Koebele. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by DavidsMiNa1983, 757). Notes: Maskell's 1898 type series contained two species. The material from Ceylon are misidentifications of Pseudaulacaspis barberi. The material from Japan is a junior synonym of P. prunicola (Davidson et al., 1983).
Diaspis auranticolor Cockerell 1899i: 106-107. Type data: JAPAN: quarantined in San Francisco, on Osmanthus illicifolia, 03/02/1899, by A. Craw. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Kawai1980, 276).
Aulacaspis auranticolor (Cockerell, 1899); Cockerell 1902d: 59. change of combination
Howardia prunicola (Maskell, 1895); Kirkaldy 1902: 112. change of combination
Aulacaspis pentagona auranticolor (Cockerell, 1899); Fernald 1903b: 235. change in status (level)
Aulacaspis pentagona rubra (Maskell, 1898); Fernald 1903b: 235. change of combination
Diaspis amygdali theae (Maskell, 1896); Fernald 1903b: 235. Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; change of combination
Aulacaspis pentagona theae (Maskell, 1896); Fernald 1903b: 235. change of combination and rank
Pseudaulacaspis pentagona auranticolor (Cockerell, 1899); MacGillivray 1921: 315. change of combination
Trichomytilus theae (Maskell, 1896); Lindinger 1934: 64. change of combination and rank
Diaspis rubra Maskell, 1898; Scott 1952: 35. change of combination
Pseudaulacaspis auranticolor (Cockerell, 1899); Scott 1952: 35. change of combination
Pseudaulacaspis theae (Maskell, 1896); Ali 1970: 25. change of combination
Pseudaulacaspis prunicola theae (Maskell, 1896); Deitz & Tocker 1980: 44. change in status (level)

Common Names

white prunicola scale DavidsMiNa1983
escama blanca falsa del durazno BerryWaTa2022
ume-shiro-kaigaramushi BerryWaTa2022
escama blanca falsa del durazno BerryWaTa2022
ume-shiro-kaigaramushi BerryWaTa2022

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 19 | Genera: 28

Apocynaceae

Nerium | MillerDa2005

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex | MillerDa2005

Betulaceae

Alnus | MillerDa2005

Bignoniaceae

Catalpa | MillerDa2005

Buxaceae

Buxus | MillerDa2005

Cannabaceae

Celtis | MillerDa2005

Cucurbitaceae

Cucurbita | MillerDa2005

Ericaceae

Rhododendron | MillerDa2005

Euphorbiaceae

Croton | MillerDa2005

Garryaceae

Aucuba | MillerDa2005

Magnoliaceae

Magnolia | MillerDa2005

Malvaceae

Firmiana simplex | LeeLeSe2024

Myrtaceae

Eugenia | Maskel1897a

Oleaceae

Forsythia | MillerDa2005
Fraxinus | MillerDa2005
Jasminum | BatsanKaKi2017
Ligustrum | DavidsMiNa1983 MillerDa2005
Osmanthus | Fernal1903b MillerDa2005
Osmanthus heterophyllus | Cocker1899i Fernal1903b | (= Osmanthus aquifolium) (= Osmanthus ilicifolius)
Syringa | DavidsMiNa1983 MillerDa2005
Syringa reticulata | NormarOkMo2019

Rosaceae

Cerasus jamasakura | LuDeNi2023
Malus | MillerDa2005
Prunus | DavidsMiNa1983 MillerDa2005
Prunus avium | BatsanKaKi2017
Prunus cerasus | BatsanKaKi2017
Prunus davidiana | LuDeNi2023
Prunus domestica | BatsanKaKi2017
Prunus mume | BerryWaTa2022
Prunus persica | BatsanKaKi2017
Prunus sargentii | JansenAl2023
Prunus serrulata | DavidsMiNa1983
Pyrus | Suh2016

Rutaceae

Orixa japonica | Maskel1898

Salicaceae

Populus | MillerDa2005
Salix | MillerDa2005

Sapindaceae

Acer | MillerDa2005

Theaceae

Camellia | Maskel1896b | (= Thea)

Foes:

Families: 4 | Genera: 5

Aphelinidae

Aphytis diaspidis | BerryWaTa2022
Encarsia berlesei | BerryWaTa2022

Coccinellidae

Chilocorus kuwanae | BerryWaTa2022

Cybocephalidae

Cybocephalus nipponicus | LeeLeSe2024

Encyrtidae

Arrhenophagus albitibiae | BerryWaTa2022

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 9

China | DavidsMiNa1983

Henan (=Honan) | Wu1999b

Georgia (Republic of) | BatsanKaKi2017

Hawaiian Islands | Maskel1895b

India | Maskel1896b | BerryWaTa2022

Japan | Cocker1899i

Hokkaido | BerryWaTa2022
Honshu | NormarOkMo2019 UchidaMuWa2021
Kyushu | BerryWaTa2022
Okinawa | BerryWaTa2022
Shikoku | BerryWaTa2022

Netherlands | JansenAl2023

South Korea | DavidsMiNa1983 ESKSAE1994

Taiwan | DavidsMiNa1983

United States

Alabama | DavidsMiNa1983
California | DavidsMiNa1983 Fernal1903b
Connecticut | DavidsMiNa1983
District of Columbia | DavidsMiNa1983
Florida | DavidsMiNa1983
Louisiana | DavidsMiNa1983
Maryland | DavidsMiNa1983
Massachusetts | DavidsMiNa1983
Mississippi | DavidsMiNa1983
New Jersey | DavidsMiNa1983
New York | DavidsMiNa1983
North Carolina | DavidsMiNa1983
Ohio | DavidsMiNa1983
Oregon | DavidsMiNa1983
Pennsylvania | DavidsMiNa1983
Rhode Island | DavidsMiNa1983
Virginia | DavidsMiNa1983
West Virginia | DavidsMiNa1983

Keys

Suh2015: pp.6 ( Adult (F) ) [Korean Pseudaulacaspis]
WeiFe2012a: pp.13 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Chinese species of the genus Pseudaulacaspis]
SuhJi2009: pp.1041-1043 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of armored scales intercepted on imported plants (slide mounted females)]
MillerDa2005: pp.29-30 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
Danzig1993: pp.332 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Pseudaulacaspis]
MacGil1921: pp.315 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Pseudaulacaspis] Key as: Pseudaulacaspis pentagona auranticolor

Remarks

Systematics: Borchsenius (1966) erroneously treated Pseudaulacaspis prunicola theae as a junior synonym of Pinnaspis theae (Maskell, 1891). Fletcher (1919) erroneously considered Chionaspis manni (=Pseudaulacaspis manni to be synonymous with Chionaspis prunicola var. theae (=P. prunicola theae).
Structure: Maskell (1896b) separated P. prunicola theae with the female scale more elongate and the anterior abdominal margin has fewer spines, but the terminal lobes and serrations are identical to P. prunicola.
Biology: White prunicola scale long has been confused with white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona. Most published biologies probably deal with white peach scale since they usually report work done in warm areas of the world on hosts other than Prunus. White prunicola scale prefers a north temperate climate. Stimmel (1982) studied the seasonal history of P. prunicola on Prunus serrulata Lindl. (Japanese flowering cherry) in northeastern Pennsylvania. We have examined voucher specimens from his study. To our knowledge this is the only published life history of this. He found that the scale was bivoltine with mated adult females as the overwintering stage. In each generation of 1981, oviposition began May 15 and July 22, females produced an average of 27.2 and 78 eggs, crawlers first appeared May 20 and July 28, and adults first appeared July 8 and September 3. We observed the species in College Park, Maryland in 1981, on Prunus serrulata where it had 3 generations each year. First generation crawlers were present in early May; these became adults in early June and egg laying began the last week of June. Second generation crawlers were present in early July. Adults were seen the first week of August. Egg laying began in mid-August and the first crawlers of the third generation were found in late August. Only mated adult females overwintered. (Miller & Davidson, 2005).
Economic Importance: White prunicola scale is a serious pest of Prunus, especially in temperate areas. Moderate infestations have caused defacing die back to the flowering cherry trees growing around the scenic tidal basin area of Washington, D.C., and heavy infestations have killed many of these priceless trees (personal observations of authors). Maskell (1895) in the original description reported that it was causing significant damage to Japanese plum in Hawaii. Miller and Davidson (1990) consider this species to be an occasional pest. (Miller & Davidson, 2005).

Illustrations

Citations

Ali1970: catalog, taxonomy, 25
Ali1970: catalog, distribution, taxonomy, 25
AndersWuGr2010: phylogeny, taxonomy, 997
Barlow1897: taxonomy, 60
Barlow1897: distribution, host, taxonomy, 60
BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 261
BerryWaTa2022: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 531
Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 174, 176
Carnes1907: host, 160
Cocker1896b: taxonomy, 337
Cocker1898r: taxonomy, 240
Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 398
Cocker1899i: description, distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 106-107
Cocker1901l: taxonomy, 225
Cocker1902d: distribution, taxonomy, 59
Cooley1898a: distribution, host, 232
DavidsMiNa1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 757-759
DeitzTo1980: distribution, taxonomy, 41
DeitzTo1980: distribution, taxonomy, 44
ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 114
Fernal1903b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 235
Fernal1903b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 235
Fletch1919: distribution, host, 296
Fletch1919: taxonomy, 296
Fullaw1932: distribution, 93
Gavril2018: reproduction, 243
Green1900c: taxonomy, 2, 12
Green1908a: taxonomy, 37
Green1908a: taxonomy, 37
JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 28,34
Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 275-276
KimuraOtMi2016: chemical control, nymph, 83-86
Kirkal1902: distribution, host, 112
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 19
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 86
Kuwana1926: taxonomy, 14
LeeLeSe2024: natural enemies, 3, 7
Leonar1901a: taxonomy, 559-560
Lindin1934: taxonomy, 64
LuDeNi2023: diagnosis, distribution, molecular data, taxonomy,
MacGil1921: distribution, host, taxonomy, 315
Maskel1895b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 49
Maskel1896b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 389-390
Maskel1897a: distribution, host, 242
Maskel1898: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 228
Miller2005: distribution, 488
MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, 364
MillerDe2018: history, 7
MorseNo2006: phylogeny, taxonomy, 340
NiuLiXu2024: DNA sequencing, S1 Table
NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, taxonomy, 32, 68, S6
RizzoMoCa2024: DNA sequencing, genebank, 43
Scott1952: taxonomy, 35
SkvarlSc2024: diagnosis, distribution, host, 72
Suh2015: distribution, key,
Suh2016: distribution, host, key, 318, 331
SuhJi2009: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 1039-1054
Takagi1985: taxonomy, 48
Takagi1985: taxonomy, 50
UchidaMuWa2021: chemical control, distribution, host,
WaltmaRaWi2016: distribution, 231
WattMa1903: distribution, taxonomy, 310
WeiFe2012a: taxonomy, 13
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 230
Wu1999b: distribution, list of species, 234