Valid Names Results
Acutaspis scutiformis (Cockerell, 1893) (Diaspididae: Acutaspis)Nomenclatural History
- Aspidiotus scutiformis Cockerell 1893o: 48. Type data: MEXICO: on Persea americana.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
- Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) scutiformis Cockerell, 1893; Cockerell 1897i: 25. change of combination
- Chrysomphalus scutiformis (Cockerell, 1893); Berlese & Leonardi 1898a: 116. change of combination
- Acutaspis scutiformis (Cockerell, 1893); Ferris 1941d: 207. change of combination
- Insaspidiotus scutiformis (Cockerell, 1893); Costa Lima 1942: 289. change of combination
- Acutaspis scutiformis (Cockerell, 1893); Borchsenius 1966: 355. revived combination (previously published)
Common Names
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 7 | Genera: 10
- Chrysobalanaceae
- Licania tomentosa | Lepage1938 | (= Moquilea tomentosa)
- Fabaceae
- Ebenopsis ebano | McDani1968 | (= Pithecellobium flexicaule)
- Lauraceae
- Laurus | Ferris1941d Lepage1938
- Laurus nobilis | NormarOkMo2019
- Persea | Ferris1941d
- Persea americana | Cocker1893o Lepage1938 | (= Persea gratissima)
- Moraceae
- Artocarpus integer | Lepage1938 | (= Artocarpus integrifolia)
- Ficus | Lepage1938
- Ficus benjamina | WolffCo1993
- Oleaceae
- Ligustrum | GranarCl2003
- Olea europaea | WolffEfAq2018
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | Lepage1938 Lizery1936
- Citrus limon | WolffCo1993
- Zygophyllaceae
- Porlieria angustifolia | McDani1968
Foes:
Families: 2 | Genera: 4
- Aphelinidae
- Aphytis hispanicus | LazaroGoRo2023 RosenDe1979
- Aphytis holoxanthus | LazaroGoRo2023
- Coccobius juliae | LazaroGoRo2023
- Encarsia citrina | LazaroGoRo2023
- Encarsia gaonae | LazaroGoRo2023
- Encarsia titillata | LazaroGoRo2023
- Signiphoridae
- Signiphora falcata | LazaroGoRo2023
- Signiphora perpauca | Woolle1990
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 6
- Argentina
- Corrientes | Lizery1936
- Entre Rios | Lizery1936
- Santiago del Estero | GranarCl2003
- Brazil | RosenDe1979
- Minas Gerais | Hempel1900a Lepage1938
- Parana | Lepage1938
- Rio Grande do Sul | WolffCo1993
- Rio de Janeiro | Lepage1938
- Sao Paulo | Lepage1938
- Colombia | Figuer1946 Nakaha1982 SchneiOkNo2018
- Guatemala | Nakaha1982
- Mexico | Cocker1893o
- Colima | LazaroGoRo2023
- Guerrero | Ferris1941d
- Mexico State | LazaroGoRo2023
- Nayarit | LazaroGoRo2023
- Nuevo Leon | Ferris1941d
- Puebla | LazaroGoRo2023
- Tamaulipas | Ferris1941d
- Veracruz | Ferris1941d
- United States
- Texas | McDani1968
Keys
- LazaroGoRo2023: pp.247-248 ( Adult (F) ) [Armored scale species on avocado in central Mexico]
- SchneiClWe2020: pp.67-71 ( Adult (F) ) [Aspidiotini in Argentina]
- RamosPeKo2017: pp.8145-8152 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Diaspididae on Citrus spp. from Colombia]
- EvansWaMi2009: pp.63-67 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspididae species found on avocado]
- McDani1968: pp.202 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: Texas]
- Ferris1942: pp.29 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Cocker1905: pp.45-46 ( Adult (F) ) [Mexico]
Remarks
- Systematics: Acutaspis scutiformis can be mistaken for Ac. albopicta, although these species can be differentiated by some morphological characteristics, such as the relative sizes of the external paraphyses on L2. In Ac. albopicta, the paraphysis on the external angle of L2 is almost twice the size of that on the internal angle, whereas in Ac. scutiformis these two paraphyses are almost the same size or the external paraphysis is only slightly larger than the internal one.
- Structure: Scale of the female very large, reaching a diameter of nearly 3 mm., circular, flat, thick, dark brown, with the exuviae yellowish. Scale of the male not recognized (Ferris, 1941d).
- Biology: Occurring on leaves (Ferris, 1941d). Ac. albopicta was found on branches, leaves and fruits; it was observed forming large colonies on fruits and leaf upper and lower surfaces, as well as small colonies or isolated individuals on the different substrates. (Lazaro, et al., 2023)
- Economic Importance: This species has been reported as citrus pest in South America (Bondar, 1914; Chiesa Molinari, 1948, 1948a; Ebeling, 1959) and of banana in Central America (Chua & Wood, 1990). The scale was found on the avocado varieties Fuerte, Hass and Hass-Méndez in Mexico.
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Cockerell (1893o) and by Ferris (1941d).
Illustrations
Citations
- AlmeidPeMa2018: distribution, host, 355
- BenDovGe2003: catalog, 49-50
- BerlesLe1898a: taxonomy, 116
- BiezanFr1939: distribution, host, 1-18
- Bondar1914: distribution, economic importance, host, 1064-1106
- Bondar1915: distribution, economic importance, host, 44-47
- Borchs1966: catalog, 355-356
- Chiesa1938a: distribution, host, 1-21
- Chiesa1948: distribution, economic importance, host,
- Chiesa1948a: distribution, economic importance, host,
- ChuaWo1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 543-552
- ClapsWoGo2001a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 11
- Cocker1893o: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 48-49
- Cocker1896b: distribution, 334
- Cocker1897i: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 25
- Cocker1899n: distribution, host, 26
- Cocker1900k: taxonomy, 350
- Cocker1905: taxonomy, 46
- CoronaRuMo1997: distribution, host, 38-41
- CostaL1942: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 289
- Ebelin1949: control, distribution, host, life history, 268,279
- EvansWaMi2009: taxonomy, 63-67
- Fernal1903b: 293
- Ferris1941d: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 334
- Ferris1941e: taxonomy, 48
- Ferris1942: taxonomy, 446:29
- Figuer1946: distribution, host, 211
- Figuer1952: distribution, host, 208
- FonsecAu1932a: distribution, host, 202-214
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 233
- GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 625-637
- Haywar1939: control, distribution, host, 1
- Hempel1900a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 503-504
- Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 43
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 13
- LazaroGoRo2023: diagnosis, distribution, host, key, natural enemies, 247, 249
- Leonar1899: taxonomy, 199-200,222
- Lepage1938: catalog, 401
- Lindin1910c: taxonomy, 440
- Lindin1935: taxonomy, 149
- Lindin1957: taxonomy, 544
- Lizery1936: distribution, host, 113
- MacGil1921: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 418
- McDani1968: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 207-208
- McKenz1939: taxonomy, 54
- MillerDa1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 300
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 4
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, 11, S2
- Pace1939: distribution, host, 664-665
- RamosPeKo2017: illustration, key, 8149
- RosenDe1979: biological control, distribution, host, 390-394
- Sassce1918: distribution, host, 125-129
- Sassce1923: distribution, host, 152-158
- SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 493
- SchneiClWe2020: key, 68
- SchneiFiNo2019: key, taxonomy, 92
- SchneiOkNo2018: phylogeny,
- Sefer1961: distribution, host, 23
- Strong1922: distribution, host, 775-780
- Vernal1957: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 28-30
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 231
- WolffCo1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 29-31
- WolffEfDa2018: distribution, economic importance, host,
- Woolle1990: biological control, 167-176
