Valid Names Results
Saissetia miranda (Cockerell & Parrott in Cockerell, 1899) (Coccidae: Saissetia)Nomenclatural History
- Lecanium oleae mirandum Cockerell & Parrott in Cockerell 1899n: 12. Type data: MEXICO: Tlacotalpam in Vera Cruz, on Abutilon sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
- Saissetia oleae miranda (Cockerell & Parrott in Cockerell, 1899); Fernald 1903b: 206. change of combination
- Saissetia oleae; Sanders 1909a: 440. misidentification
- Saissetia miranda (Cockerell & Parrott in Cockerell, 1899); De Lotto 1969a: 419. change in status (level)
Common Names
- Mexican black scale BenDov1993 DeLott1971b Gill1988 HamonWi1984
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 31 | Genera: 64
- Amaranthaceae
- Amaranthus spinosus | Nakaha1981a
- Anacardiaceae
- Mangifera indica | Granar1999 Nakaha1983 NakahaMi1981
- Schinus terebinthifolia | Nakaha1981a
- Spondias dulcis | NakahaMi1981
- Apocynaceae
- Kopsia | NakahaMi1981
- Nerium | Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983
- Nerium oleander | DeLott1971b
- Plumeria | Nakaha1983
- Plumeria rubra | NakahaMi1981
- Arecaceae
- Cocos nucifera | WilliaWa1990
- Asparagaceae
- Agave sisalana | Nakaha1981a
- Yucca | NakahaMi1981
- Bignoniaceae
- Tabebuia | Granar1999
- Boraginaceae
- Cordia | Nakaha1983
- Burseraceae
- Bursera simaruba | MestreHaEv2011
- Cannabaceae
- Trema micranthum | Nakaha1983 | (= Calyptracordia alba)
- Caryophyllaceae
- Dianthus caryophyllus | Nakaha1981a
- Combretaceae
- Combretum indicum | MestreHaEv2011 | (= Quisqualis indica)
- Terminalia | NakahaMi1981
- Terminalia catappa | NakahaMi1981 VanHarCoWi1990
- Cornaceae
- Cornus florida | LambdiWa1980
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros ferrea | Nakaha1981a
- Diospyros vera | Nakaha1981a
- Euphorbiaceae
- Acalypha wilkesiana | WilliaWa1990 | (= Acalypha tricolor)
- Adelia ricinella | MestreHaEv2011
- Manihot esculenta | SchutzGoGu2026
- Fabaceae
- Cajanus cajan | NakahaMi1981
- Cassia | Nakaha1983
- Cassia fistula | PadillMaNa2016
- Crotalaria | Nakaha1981a
- Crotalaria trichotoma | WilliaWa1990 | (= Crotalaria usaramoensis)
- Erythrina | HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a NakahaMi1981
- Erythrina americana | PadillMaNa2016
- Erythrina berteroana | NakahaMi1981
- Erythrina sandwicensis | Nakaha1981a
- Erythrina variegata | ChackoSr1981 Varshn1992 | (= Erythrina lithosperma)
- Prosopis | Granar1999
- Tamarindus indica | NakahaMi1981
- Heliconiaceae
- Heliconia | WilliaWa1990
- Lauraceae
- Cinnamomum montanum | MestreHaEv2011
- Persea americana | DeLott1971b
- Lythraceae
- Punica granatum | NakahaMi1981
- Malpighiaceae
- Malpighiaceae | HamonWi1984
- Malvaceae
- Abelmoschus esculentus | NakahaMi1981
- Abutilon | Cocker1899n
- Abutilon hirtum | NakahaMi1981 WilliaWa1990 | (= Abutilon graveolens)
- Gossypium | DeLott1971b HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1983 NakahaMi1981
- Gossypium hirsutum | NakahaMi1981 | (= Gossypium punctatum)
- Grewia crenata | WilliaWa1990
- Hibiscus | Nakaha1983
- Hibiscus tiliaceus | Nakaha1983
- Pavonia strictiflora | DeLott1976 | (= Goethea strictiflora)
- Sida | LincanHoCa2010
- Sterculia apetala | NakahaMi1981
- Thespesia grandiflora | NakahaMi1981 | (= Montezuma speciosissima)
- Meliaceae
- Cedrela odorata | NakahaMi1981
- Melia azedarach | Granar1999
- Swietenia macrophylla | TavareLiGo2018
- Swietenia mahagoni | NakahaMi1981
- Moraceae
- Broussonetia papyrifera | Granar1999
- Ficus | DeLott1976 NakahaMi1981
- Ficus benjamina | LambdiWa1980
- Ficus carica | Granar1999 KamelZoEr2022
- Ficus lyrata | HamonWi1984
- Musaceae
- Musa | SchutzGoGu2026
- Myrtaceae
- Eugenia foetida | MestreHaEv2011
- Psidium | HamonWi1984
- Psidium guajava | DeLott1971b MatileEt2006 NakahaMi1981
- Onagraceae
- Ludwigia | HamonWi1984 | (= Jussiaea)
- Phyllanthaceae
- Bischofia javanica | LiWa2025
- Rosaceae
- Crataegus mexicana | PadillMaNa2016
- Pyracantha coccinea | HamonWi1984
- Rubiaceae
- Gardenia jasminoides | Granar1999
- Ixora coccinea | NakahaMi1981
- Morinda citrifolia | WilliaWa1990
- Mussaenda philippica | MestreHaEv2011
- Timonius | WilliaWa1990
- Rutaceae
- Casimiroa edulis | HamonWi1984
- Citrus | DeLott1971b
- Citrus aurantium | WilliaWa1990 | (= Citrus paradisi)
- Citrus microcarpa | PadillMaNa2016
- Citrus reticulata | PadillMaNa2016
- Citrus trifoliata | PadillMaNa2016 | (= Poncirus trifoliata)
- Zanthoxylum flavum | NakahaMi1981
- Salicaceae
- Dovyalis caffra | PadillMaNa2016
- Verbenaceae
- Lippia | NakahaMi1981
Foes:
Families: 6 | Genera: 9
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus quaestor | MyartsRuCo2016a
- Cecidomyiidae
- Cecidomyiidae | KhalafJuTa2020
- Encyrtidae
- Anagyrus pseudococci | KhalafJuTa2020
- Cheiloneurus | FuenteRoGa2024
- Gahaniella saissetiae | MyartsRuCo2016a
- Metaphycus anneckei | FuenteRoGa2024
- Metaphycus stanleyi | FallahJaSa2021
- Eulophidae
- Baryscapus | FuenteRoGa2024
- Pteromalidae
- Scutellista caerulea | FuenteRoGa2024
- Signiphoridae
- Signiphora bifasciata | FuenteRoGa2024
Associates:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Ophiocordycipitaceae
- Ophiocordycipitaceae | DengYuWa2021
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 41
- Algeria | BelkacWaPo2025
- Argentina
- Chaco | Granar1999
- Jujuy | Granar1999
- San Juan | Granar1999
- Tucuman | Granar1999
- Australia | SchutzGoGu2026
- Bermuda | HodgsoHi1990 HodgsoHi1991
- Brazil | TavareLiGo2018
- Cape Verde | VanHarCoWi1990
- China
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | MartinLa2011
- Yunnan | LiWa2025
- Cook Islands | WilliaWa1990
- Cuba | MestreHaEv2011
- El Salvador | DeLott1971b
- Fiji | HodgsoLa2011
- French Polynesia | WilliaWa1990
- Galapagos Islands | CaustoPeSi2006 LincanHoCa2010
- Guadeloupe | MatileEt2006
- Hawaiian Islands
- Hawaii | BenDov1993
- Honduras | DeLott1971b
- India | Varshn1992
- Indonesia
- Irian Jaya | BenDov1993
- Iran | MoghadSaAb2015
- Iraq | KhalafJuTa2020
- Japan | Tanaka2012a
- Kiribati | WilliaWa1990
- Laos | ChoiSoLe2018
- Mexico | DeLott1969a DeLott1971b DeLott1976
- Chihuahua | Miller1996
- Coahuila | Miller1996
- Durango | Miller1996
- Guerrero | Miller1996
- Jalisco | Miller1996
- Mexico State | Miller1996
- Michoacan | Miller1996
- Morelos | Miller1996 TejedaGoVa2022
- Nayarit | Miller1996
- Puebla | Miller1996
- San Luis Potosi | Miller1996
- Sinaloa | Miller1996
- Sonora | Miller1996
- Tamaulipas | PadillMaNa2016
- Veracruz | PadillMaNa2016
- Zacatecas | Miller1996
- Netherlands | JansenAl2023
- New Caledonia | WilliaWa1990
- Niue | WilliaWa1990
- Panama | DeLott1971b
- Papua New Guinea | WilliaWa1990
- Portugal | DeLott1976 FrancoRuMa2011
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | NakahaMi1981
- Saint Lucia | Malump2014a
- Solomon Islands | WilliaWa1990
- South Africa | DeLott1976
- South Korea | ChoiLe2017
- Taiwan | LinKoGu2013
- Tonga | WilliaWa1990
- Tunisia | KamelZoEr2022
- U.S. Virgin Islands | BenDov1993
- United States
- Alabama | HamonWi1984
- Arizona | DeLott1971b
- California | CockerPa1899 DeLott1971b
- District of Columbia | DeLott1971b
- Florida | DeLott1971b HamonWi1984
- Louisiana | HamonWi1984
- Maryland | DeLott1971b
- Missouri | DeLott1971b
- New Mexico | DeLott1971b
- New York | HamonWi1984
- Ohio | HamonWi1984
- Oklahoma | DeLott1971b
- Pennsylvania | HamonWi1984
- Tennessee | BenDov1993
- Texas | DeLott1971b
- Virginia | HamonWi1984
- Western Samoa | WilliaWa1990
Keys
- BelkacWaPo2025: pp.8 ( Adult (F) ) [Saissetia species found in North Africa]
- MoghadWa2024: pp.94 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Saissetia in Iran]
- CaoZhFe2019: pp.60-61 ( Adult (F) ) [Saissetia species in China]
- ChoiSoLe2018: pp.6-7 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae in Laos]
- ZhangCaFe2018: pp.102 ( Adult (F) ) [Saissetia in China]
- ChoiLe2017: pp.108 ( Adult (F) ) [Saissetia in Korea]
- MoghadSaAb2015: pp.229 ( Adult (F) ) [Saissetia in Iran]
- Granar1999: pp.158 ( Adult (F) ) [Argentina]
- Koszta1996: pp.323 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastren North America]
- Tang1991: pp.216 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
- WilliaWa1990: pp.160 ( Adult (F) ) [Tropical South Pacific]
- Gill1988: pp.103 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, California]
- HamonWi1984: pp.106 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Florida]
Remarks
- Systematics: Subfamily: Coccinae B, Saissetiini (Choi & Lee, 2019) This species is closely related to S. oleae (Olivier, 1791); however, it can be distinguished from the latter by the number of marginal setae. S. miranda has 17– 20 marginal setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts,whereas S. oleae has less than 12 setae. Also, S. miranda easily distinguished from S. coffeae by the form of ventral tubular ducts. S. miranda has ventral tubular ducts with narrow inner ductules only, whereas S. coffeae has ventral tubular ducts with enlarged inner ductules. (Choi & Lee, 2017)
- Structure: See colour photograph in Gill (1988). Diagnosis. Dermal areolations well-developed; dorsal tubercles present; dorsal tubular ducts absent; marginal setae usually with bifid or fimbriate apices; multilocular disc-pores mostly with 10 loculi; ventral tubular duct of 1 type present; legs each with a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; antenna 8 segmented. Living appearance. Body round, highly convex. Immature adult females light brown in color, distinctively with a H-shaped ridge that readily disappears at full maturity. Mature adult females dark brown in color, becoming more convex and sclerotised,with rough dermal surface. Eggs orange in color, stored under concave venter. (Choi & Lee, 2017)
- Economic Importance: Recently, there have been some unofficial records of S. miranda causing serious damage on Ficus carica in the south and north of Iran (Moghaddam & Watson 2024).
- General Remarks: Good description and illustration of adult female by Hamon & Williams (1984), Gill (1988), Williams & Watson (1990) and by Granara de Willink (1999).
Illustrations
Citations
- BelkacWaPo2025: distribution, host, illustration, key, record,
- BenDov1993: catalog, 310-311
- BuckleGu1991: biological control, 282-286
- CaoZhFe2019: key, 60-61
- CaustoPeSi2006: distribution, 137
- ChackoSr1981: biological control, distribution, host, 108-109
- ChoiLe2017: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 109-110
- ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
- ChoiSoLe2018: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 54-55
- Cocker1899n: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 12
- DeLott1969a: distribution, host, 419
- DeLott1971b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 325
- DeLott1976: distribution, host, 147
- DeanHa1972: distribution, economic importance, host, 478-481
- DengYuWa2021: illustration, symbionts, 4
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 114
- FallahJaSa2021: natural enemies, 279
- Fernal1903b: catalog, 206
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 7,23
- FuenteRoGa2024: biological control, host, natural enemies,
- Gill1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 103-105,109
- GouthaBhJo2025: distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, key, survey,
- Granar1999: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 160-162
- GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 625-637
- HamonWi1984: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 110-112
- HodgsoHi1990: distribution, host, 9, 11
- HodgsoHi1991: distribution, host, 137
- HodgsoLa2011: distribution, host, 22
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 24,33
- KamelZoEr2022: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, 726-728
- KhalafJuTa2020: control, diagnosis, distribution, illustration,
- Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 42
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 12
- KondoWa2024: distribution, 2
- LagowsGoHo2022: distribution, host, list, 9
- LambdiWa1980: distribution, host, 79
- LiWa2025: distribution, host, molecular biology, 95, 97
- LinKoGu2013: distribution, host, molecular data, phylogeny, taxonomy, 252, 258
- LincanHoCa2010: distribution, host, 5
- Malump2014a: distribution, host, 73
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, 37
- MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 167
- MestreHaEv2011: distribution, host, 9
- MestreKo2018: distribution, 5
- Meurge2011: distribution, 80
- MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, 135
- Miller1996: catalog, distribution, 71
- Moghad2020: distribution, 384
- MoghadFa2019: distribution, host, illustration, 562
- MoghadNe2021: distribution, 175
- MoghadSaAb2015: description, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key, 228-231
- MoghadWa2024: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, history, host, illustration, 9, 12, 15, 18, 96
- Mohara1990: structure, taxonomy, 49
- MyartsRuCo2016a: natural enemies, 781
- Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, 393
- Nakaha1983: distribution, host, 7
- NakahaMi1981: distribution, host, 31
- PadillMaNa2016: distribution, host, 556
- Panis1974a: biological control, 131-134
- ParidaGh1984: structure, taxonomy, 14-15
- RodrigNaVa2019: distribution, host, 467
- Sander1909: distribution, host, taxonomy, 440
- SchutzGoGu2026: distribution, host, record, 4-5, 14-15
- Tanaka2012a: distribution, 15-16
- Tang1991: description, distribution, host, 218-219
- TavareLiGo2018: distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, morphology, 324-326
- TejedaGoVa2022: distribution, economic importance, host,
- TokunaSeUt2018: distribution, host, 143
- VanHarCoWi1990: distribution, 135
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 98
- VonEll2025: distribution, 22
- Willia2001: distribution, 225-227
- WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 164-165
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 160
- ZhangCaFe2018: distribution, key, 102, 103
