Valid Names Results

Pulvinaria aurantii Cockerell, 1896 (Coccidae: Pulvinaria)

Nomenclatural History

Pulvinaria aurantii Cockerell 1896h: 19. Type data: JAPAN: Tokyo, on orange.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name Notes: Also described as n. sp. in Cockerell 1896i, p. 48.
Lecanium notatum Maskell 1897a: 243. Type data: JAPAN: Atami, on Thea sp., Ilex crenata and Pittosporum sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Takaha1955b, 70).
Coccus notatus (Maskell, 1897); Fernald 1903b: 173. change of combination
Pulvinaria ornata Froggatt 1921: 427. Type data: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Sydney, on lemon tree.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (QinGu1992,114). Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia; synonym and homonym (discovered by TanakaKa2021b, 52).
Chloropulvinaria aurantii (Cockerell, 1896); Borchsenius 1952: 300. change of combination
Pulvinaria notatum (Maskell, 1897); Takahashi 1955b: 70. change of combination
Pulvinaria decorata Borchsenius 1957: 228. replacement name Notes: for Pulvinaria ornata Froggatt, 1921 (nec Hempel, 1912). (see above: junior synonym reported in TanakaKa2021b, 52)
Pulvinaria aurantii Cockerell, 1896; Ben-Dov 1993: 251. revived combination (previously published)
ulvinaria aurantii; Moghaddam 2009: 34. misspelling of genus name Notes: Mispelling of 'ulvinaria' for 'Pulvinaria'.

Common Names

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 16 | Genera: 18

Anacardiaceae

Mangifera indica | DasPrDa2025

Apocynaceae

Nerium oleander | Hadzib1983

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex crenata | Maskel1897a

Araliaceae

Fatsia japonica | Hadzib1983
Hedera rhombea | Takaha1955d

Ebenaceae

Diospyros kaki | Hadzib1983
Diospyros lotus | BatsanKaKi2017

Eucommiaceae

Eucommia ulmoides | Borchs1957

Lauraceae

Laurus nobilis | Hadzib1983

Moraceae

Morus alba | Moghad2013a

Musaceae

Musa | Borchs1957

Myrtaceae

Psidium guajava | Moghad2013a

Oleaceae

Osmanthus fragans | Borchs1957

Pentaphylacaceae

Cleyera japonica | Kuwana1902 | (= Eurya ochnacea)

Pittosporaceae

Pittosporum | QinGu1992 DasPrDa2025
Pittosporum tobira | Hadzib1983 CaoFe2020

Rosaceae

Eriobotrya japonica | Hadzib1983

Rutaceae

Citrus | Cocker1896h Cocker1896i YasnosTaCh2005
Citrus aurantium | Hadzib1983 Moghad2013a | (= Citrus bigaradia)
Citrus limon | Hadzib1983 Frogga1921 QinGu1992
Citrus maxima | Hadzib1983
Citrus paradisi | BatsanKaKi2017 Hadzib1983
Citrus reticulata | Hadzib1983 | (= Citrus unshiu)
Citrus sinensis | BatsanKaKi2017 Cocker1896h Cocker1896i
Citrus trifoliata | Hadzib1983 | (= Poncirus trifoliata)
Rutaceae | DanzigKo1990

Theaceae

Camellia | Maskel1897a | (= Thea)

Foes:

Families: 2 | Genera: 2

Aphelinidae

Coccophagus lycimnia | Bolu2012

Coccinellidae

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri | TooranAbKa2017

Associates:

Families: 2 | Genera: 2

Formicidae

Dolichoderus affinis | DasPrDa2025

Ophiocordycipitaceae

Ophiocordyceps | DengYuWa2021

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 9

Australia

New South Wales | Frogga1921 QinGu1992

Bonin Islands (=Ogasawara-Gunto) | BenDov1993

China | DanzigKo1990

Henan (=Honan) | CaoFe2020
Hunan | HuHeWa1992
Shaanxi (=Shensi) | CaoFe2020

Georgia (Republic of) | DanzigKo1990 Yasnos1995 YasnosTaCh2005

India | DasPrDa2025

Iran | Kaussa1957 KozarFoZa1996 Moghad2009

Iraq | AbdulR1976

Japan | Cocker1896h Cocker1896i DanzigKo1990 Kuwana1917

Vietnam | DanzigKo1990

Keys

DasPrDa2025: pp.578-579 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Pulvinaria found in India]
MoghadWa2024: pp.77 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Pulvinaria in Iran]
TanakaKa2022a: pp.447-448 ( Adult (F) ) [Pulvinaria species in Japan]
CaoFe2020: pp.233-234 ( Adult (F) ) [Pulvinaria in China] Key as: Pulvinaria decorata
CaoFe2020: pp.233-234 ( Adult (F) ) [Pulvinaria in China]
Tang1991: pp.226 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
Kawai1980: pp.148-150 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
Beards1966: pp.491 ( Adult (F) ) [Micronesia]
Borchs1957: pp.205 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic region]

Remarks

Systematics: GeneBank Accession No. 439535 (Yokogawa & Yahara, 2009).
Pulvinaria aurantii is mainly distinguished from P. polygonata by having mostly 3 stigmatic setae per cleft, whereas P. polygonata usually has more than 3 per cleft. In Indian P. aurantii, most marginal setae have simple pointed apices, whereas in P. polygonata most have fimbriate / frayed / spatulate / split apices. (Das et al. 2025)
Structure: Body oval; yellow-brown; dorsum of mature adult female slightly convex. Adult females on leaves and stems each secrete an elongate white, cottony ovisac that completely covers the body by the time oviposition is finished. Slide-mounted adult female. Body oval to broadly oval, 3.5–4.5 mm long, 2.0–3.0 mm wide. Anal cleft approximately 1/6–1/5 of body length. Stigmatic clefts shallow but distinct. (Cao & Feng, 2020) See colour photograph in Kawai (1980, Fig. 26,a,b,c)
Biology: Pulvinaria aurantii can reproduce sexually, as indicated by the presence of males in the colony in West Bengal. All the developmental stages of females and a few adult males were present simultaneously on mango, indicating the overlap of more than one generation per year. (Das et al. 2025)
Economic Importance: Pulvinaria aurantii is one of the most important pests of Citrus trees in Asia including Iran, Japan and Republic of Georgia. Damage occurs not only by sap depletion due to the direct feeding of both nymphs and adult females, but also as a result of production of large amounts of sugary honeydew, which supports the growth of sooty moulds on the plant surfaces (Moghaddam & Watson 2024).
General Remarks: Good description of adult female and male by Borchsenius (1957). Detailed description and illustration in Qin & Gullan (1992). Redescription in Tanaka & Kamitani (2021b) and Das et al. (2025).

Illustrations

Citations

AbdulR1976: distribution, host, 28
AmozegDaBe2017: chemical control, economic importance,
BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 255
Beards1966: distribution, host, taxonomy, 491
BeglyaSm1977: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host,
BenDov1993: catalog, 251,256
Bolu2012: biological control, 109-110
Borchs1937: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 77-78
Borchs1950b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 151
Borchs1952a: taxonomy, 300
Borchs1957: biological control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 211-217,228
Boyce1948: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
CaoFe2020: description, diagnosis, illustration, key, 230-232, 234
Castel1951a: biological control, distribution, host, 95-98
ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
Chou1947a: chemical control, 36
Cocker1896b: distribution, 329
Cocker1896h: distribution, host, taxonomy, 19
Cocker1896i: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 48
Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 394
Danzig1972: distribution, host, 199-200
DanzigKo1990: distribution, host, 43
DasPrDa2025: ant association, description, diagnosis, distribution, history, host, illustration, key, natural enemies, record, taxonomy, 571, 579
DeitzTo1980: taxonomy, 30
DengYuWa2021: illustration, symbionts, 4
Dzhash1970: distribution, host, taxonomy, 177-178
Fernal1903b: 129,173
Frogga1921: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 427-428
FrohliRo1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-10
GavrilTr2008a: chromosomes, taxonomy, 131-138
Georgh1977: distribution, host, 149
Hadzib1983: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 101-102
HuHeWa1992: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 184
Kaussa1957: distribution, host, 1
Kawai1972: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 14
Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 152-153
KhanraAsKo2021: diagnosis,
Kiritc1932a: taxonomy, 265
Kiritc1936: distribution, 71
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 12
KozarFoZa1996: distribution, host, 65
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 76
Kuwana1902: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 58
Kuwana1907: distribution, host, taxonomy, 188
Kuwana1909a: distribution, host, 159
Kuwana1917: distribution, host, taxonomy, 30-33
Lindin1957: taxonomy, 551
MalekiDa2015: economic importance,
Maskel1897a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 243-244
Maskel1898: distribution, host, 238
Moghad2009: distribution, host, 10
Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 12
MoghadWa2024: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, history, host, illustration, natural enemies, 12, 15, 79
NakaoNo1975: biological control, 107-123
QinGu1992: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 112-115
RossHaOk2012: phylogeny, taxonomy, 199
SaboorHoHa2003: ecology, life history, 49-54
SharifGrFa2022: genetics,
SobiroQaTu2024: phylogeny, 199
Takaha1955d: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 150-151
TanakaKa2021b: description, diagnosis, host, illustration, taxonomy, 52-57
TanakaKa2022a: key, 448
Tang1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 68-69
Tang1984b: distribution, host, 127
Tang1991: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 226-227
Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 52
TooranAbKa2017: chemical control, natural enemies,
Wang1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 38-39
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 207, 212
WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 34
Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 158
Yasnos1987: distribution, economic importance, host, 229-234
Yasnos1995: distribution, economic importance, host, 247-251
YasnosTaCh2005: biological control, distribution, host, 229-302
Yasuma1969: biological control, distribution, host, 773-780
YasumaNa1957: ecology, life history, 203-219
YokogaYa2009: genebank, molecular data, phylogeny, 57-66