Valid Names Results

Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell, 1899 (Phoenicococcidae: Phoenicococcus)

Nomenclatural History

Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell 1899j: 262. Type data: ALGERIA: on Phoenix sp., 08/07/1890, by C.L. Marlatt. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
Sphaerococcus draperi Newstead 1906: 70. Type data: EGYPT: Delta Barrage, on "date palm". Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1942, SIV-444).
Sphaerococcus marlatti (Cockerell, 1899); Newstead 1911: 104. change of combination
Phaenococcus marlatti; Wardle 1929: 291. misspelling of genus name
Kermicoides minimus Tang 1977: 24-25. Type depository: Shanxi: Entomological Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China; junior synonym (discovered by Tang1992, 669-670). Notes: Tang (1992) states that this species has been identified as belonging in the Phoenicococcidae. Illustr.
Phoenicoccus marlatti; Suma, et al. 2015. misspelling of genus name
Phoenicoccus marlatti; Zarghami, Rezaei & Nematian 2024: 44. misspelling of genus name

Common Names

Marlatt scale Bottel1929
Marlatti scale Bottel1924
red date palm scale KozarDr1998k
red date scale Blicke1965 SticknBaSi1950
date palm scale Newste1907a
escama roja del dátil Watson2022a

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 3 | Genera: 7

Arecaceae

Calamus | SticknBaSi1950
Daemonorops | SticknBaSi1950
Phoenix | SticknBaSi1950
Phoenix canariensis | Porcel1992 SticknBaSi1950
Phoenix dactylifera | Balach1938a BenDov2012 Houard1922 UlgentErYa2022
Phoenix reclinata | SticknBaSi1950
Phoenix roebelenii | Sinaco1995a
Syagrus | Watson2022a | (= Arecastrum)
Washingtonia filifera | AbouEl2001

Myrtaceae

Eucalyptus | KozarDr1998k

Pandanaceae

Pandanus | SticknBaSi1950 SticknBaSi1950

Foes:

Families: 4 | Genera: 6

Coccinellidae

Chilocorus | Bouhel1935
Pharoscymnus anchorago | Balach1925a
Rhyzobius lophanthae | PellizPo2014

Cybocephalidae

Cybocephalus californicus | SticknBaSi1950

Eupodidae

Eupodidae | SticknBaSi1950

Laemophloeidae

Laemophloeus | SticknBaSi1950

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 18

Algeria | Buxton1920

Brazil

Sao Paulo | Lepage1938

China

Henan (=Honan) | Hua2000
Shaanxi (=Shensi) | Tang1984b
Shanghai | Tao1999
Shanxi (=Shansi) | Tao1999

Egypt | AbouEl2001 Buxton1920

France | Balach1930a Germai2011

Iran | KozarFoZa1996 Seghat1977

Iraq | Dowson1935

Israel | KozarDr1998k

Italy | LongoMaPe1995 Porcel1992

Sicily | LongoMaPe1995

Japan | KozarDr1998k

Libya | Martin1958 MohammMoMo1997

Madeira Islands | Balach1938a FrancoRuMa2011

Morocco | Bouhel1935

Russia | KozarDr1998k

Saudi Arabia | Matile1984c

Spain | GomeziFeCa1999

Tunisia | Morris1921a

United States

Keys

Borchs1973: pp.261 ( Adult (F) ) [Pests of date palms]

Remarks

Systematics: The small family< Phoenicococcidae, includes just the single species, Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell which feeds on date palms. Its relationships are uncertain but it is currently generally accepted that it is either close to the Diaspididae, as found by Vea and Grimaldi (2016), or actually a member of this family. (Hodgson, 2020)
Structure: In the first stage of both sexes and the adult male stage eyes and antennae are well developed and legs are present. Wax forms in curly shining white strands that make a fluffy cottony mass about the body, being densest in the second stage male, but abundant enough in all stages to cover the body completely. Eggs are oval, smooth and pinkish with a pearly luster (Stickney et al., 1950). Adult female rounded, slightly pear-shaped, light pink to dark red in color. Male very small and wingless (Avidov & Harpaz, 1969). Slide-mounted adult female can be separated from other Coccomorpha by the following combination of features: adult female without legs; cuticle near margins covered in many papillae; soft and colourless initially, later turning stiff and brownish due to sclerotization; pygidium absent. (Watson, 2022a)
Biology: The female of this species develops through three stages and the male through five (Stickney et al., 1950). Part of the eggs of this species hatch within the mother and the other part hatch after being laid in the normal manner. In the United States, this species has four generations per year (Avidov & Harpaz, 1969).
Economic Importance: This species originated in the Middle East and North Africa and has been transported on infested date palms. It is regarded as a serious pest of date palms. Although several chemical treatments for the control of the scale have been tried, none of them are recommended. Good results were obtained exposing roots of the host to moist heat and hot water (Stickney et al., 1950).
General Remarks: Detailed description of physical characters, life history and economic importance by Stickney et al. (1950). Photograph in Watson, 2022a.

Illustrations

MoghadZa2024

Citations

AAEE1930: taxonomy, 639
AAEE1931: taxonomy, 1287, 1306
AAEE1937: taxonomy, 539, 556
AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 40
AbouEl2001: distribution, host, 187
Avidov1961: taxonomy, 152, 510, 528
AvidovHa1969: description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 191-192
Balach1925a: biological control, distribution, 170
Balach1927: distribution, host, 188
Balach1928d: biological control, distribution, host, 290
Balach1930a: distribution, host, 184
Balach1938a: distribution, host, 146
Balach1946: taxonomy, 216
Balach1954e: taxonomy, 13
Balach1958a: distribution, host, 45, 48
BalachMe1935: distribution, host, illustration, 610-612
Bartle1929: distribution, 20
BazaroSh1971: description, distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 39-40
Beccar1959: distribution, host, 76
BenDov1985: illustration, 169
BenDov1990c: illustration, taxonomy, 100
BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 34, 44
Blicke1965: taxonomy, 298, 313
Bodenh1929: distribution, 34
Bodenh1929b: distribution, host, 104, 114
Bodenh1930a: taxonomy, 276
Bodenh1935: distribution, host, 251, 270
Bodenh1935c: distribution, 1155
Bodenh1937: taxonomy, 7, 26, 220
Bodenh1943: distribution, host, 26, 29
Bodenh1944a: distribution, 83
Bodenh1944b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 86, 87, 99
BodenhTh1929: distribution, host, 34, 114-115, 117
Borchs1937: host, taxonomy, 189, 255
Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 26
Borchs1973: taxonomy, 261
Borden1921: biological control, chemical control, description, distribution, economic importance, illustration, life history, 659-667
Bottel1924: distribution, economic importance, 15
Bottel1929: economic importance, life history, 247
Bouhel1935: biological control, distribution, 20
Boyden1941: distribution, economic importance, 4, 5
Brown1965: taxonomy, 189, 199, 200
BrownMc1962: chemistry, description, taxonomy, 161-162, 163
BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 306
Buxton1920: chemical control, description, distribution, 297, 298-299
CCNI1989: taxonomy, 158
CarpenEl1978: distribution, host, life history, 5
Cocker1899j: description, distribution, host, 262-263
Cocker1899m: taxonomy, 277
Cocker1902y: distribution, host, 107
Cocker1907: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, 191-192
Cook1914: distribution, host, illustration, 440-441
CulturPaDa1932: distribution, host, 159
Danzig1993: distribution, taxonomy, 74
DelassBaBr1927: description, distribution, host, 183-184
DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 118
DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 118
Dowson1921: chemical control, distribution, 65
Dowson1935: distribution, host, 225
Draper1907: distribution, host, taxonomy, 12
Ehrhor1913: taxonomy, 123
ElShaf2012: host, 518
ElmerCaCl1968: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 81
Essig1915a: chemical control, description, host, illustration, life history, 123
Essig1926: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 276-277
Essig1931: chemical control, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 126-127, 533, 534, 573
EssigHo1934: description, distribution, 50
EssigHo1944: distribution, host, 64
Ezzat1958: distribution, taxonomy, 250
Fauvel1928: distribution, host, 117
Fernal1903b: distribution, host, 88
Ferris1942: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, SIV-443, SIV-444
Fleury1933: distribution, host, 527-528
FoexVa1919: taxonomy, 338
Foldi1995: taxonomy, 266, 285, 286, 287
Foldi2001: economic importance, 307
FoldiGe2018: distribution, 11
Forbes1907: chemical control, economic importance, host, 193-207
Forbes1913: chemical control, distribution, host, 415-416
FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 18,25
Fraser1924: chemical control, host, 707
Gavril2018: reproduction, 233
Gazala1931: host, 51
George1934: taxonomy, 245, 283
Germai2008: distribution, 77-87
Germai2011: distribution, economic importance, 31-34
Germai2011a: distribution, economic importance, 8
Glick1922: distribution, host, 59
GomeziFeCa1999: distribution, economic importance, host, 288
Green1923a: distribution, host, 469
Hartma1916: distribution, host, 95
Hodgso2020: illustration, morphology, taxonomy, 18, 141-142
Houard1922: distribution, 51
HowellWi1976: distribution, host, illustration, 186, 188
Hua2000: distribution, host, 140
Kaussa1949: distribution, 4
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 22
KozarDr1998k: distribution, host, taxonomy, 451
KozarFoZa1996: distribution, 66
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 81
KreiteAuGe2006: distribution, economic importance, host, 143
Lashin1956: distribution, host, taxonomy, 124
Lepage1938: catalog, distribution, host, 433
LepineMi1931: distribution, host, 254
Lindin1908: taxonomy, 89
Lindin1912b: taxonomy, 374, 376
Lindin1935: taxonomy, 146
Lindin1937: taxonomy, 193
Lindin1958: taxonomy, 371
Lizery1943: distribution, taxonomy, 456-457
LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 125
MacGil1921: distribution, host, 211
Mackie1920: chemical control, 432
Mackie1934a: chemical control, host, 9
Maranh1946: taxonomy, 165
Marlat1928: distribution, host, 153
Martin1958: distribution, host, taxonomy, 121-122
Mason1908: distribution, host, 175
Matile1984c: distribution, host, 223
MazzeoLoPe2014: distribution, 58
McDani1974: distribution, host, taxonomy, 423, 424
McKenz1956: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 166, 167
MillerGuWi1998: taxonomy, 290
Moghad2004: distribution, host, 1
Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 62
MoghadTa2010: distribution, 40
MoghadZa2024: distribution, host, 773
MohammMoMo1997: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 190, 193, 206-209, 231, 232
Morril1913: distribution, host, taxonomy, 186, 192
Morris1921a: description, distribution, host, 669-676
MorrisMo1966: taxonomy, 154
Moulto1931: chemical control, 758
MullenScNo2016: DNA sequencing, genetics, phylogeny, 209
Newste1906: description, host, 70
Newste1907a: chemical control, description, distribution, host, 12
Newste1911: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 104
Nishid2002: catalog, 144
Nixon1945: distribution, economic importance, host, 38
ODell1931a: taxonomy, 34
PellizChMi2015: distribution, 67
PellizGe2010a: distribution, host, 505
PellizPo2014: distribution, 2
Pierce1917: economic importance, 162
Popeno1912: biological control, distribution, host, 871
Popeno1913: chemical control, description, distribution, life history, 151-153
Popeno1923: distribution, host, 205
Porcel1992: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 32-33
Quayle1938a: description, distribution, host, illustration, 428-429
RLER1935: economic importance, host, 61
Ramach1921: taxonomy, 168
Ramach1922: description, distribution, host, 10-11
Rungs1948: distribution, host, 115
Sassce1914: distribution, host, 243
Schmid1940: taxonomy, 213, 230
Seghat1977: distribution, host, 5
Silves1939: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 707-708
Sinaco1995a: description, distribution, host, illustration, 55-61
Skinne1925: distribution, host, illustration, 50, 53
Skinne1926: distribution, host, 23
Stickn1924: biology, distribution, host, 16
Stickn1934: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 37-49
SticknBaSi1950: biological control, chemical control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 8-15
Strong1922: distribution, host, 779
SumaMaLa2015: distribution, host, 218
Tang1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, 24-25
Tang1984b: distribution, host, 128
Tang1992: taxonomy, 669-670
Tao1999: distribution, host, 47
Tippin1971a: chemical control, 180
Trabut1910: host, illustration, 68
Trabut1911: distribution, host, illustration, 54
UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S122
Vayssi1940: taxonomy, 33
VeaGr2016: evolution, 4
Wardle1929: host, 291
Watson2022a: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 411-412
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 245
Wilsie1913: distribution, economic importance, 538
Yang1982: description, illustration, 118-119
ZarghaReNe2024: distribution, ecology, economic importance, host plant, list, 78