Valid Names Results
Phenacoccus parvus Morrison, 1924 (Pseudococcidae: Phenacoccus)Nomenclatural History
- Phenacoccus parvus Morrison 1924a: 147. Type data: ECUADOR: Galapagos Islands, Tover, on bush near shore. Syntypes, female, by subsequent designation Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name Illustr.
- Phenacoccus surinamensis Green 1933: 51. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by WilliaCo1984, 139). Illustr.
Common Names
- Lantana mealybug SwarbrDo1991
- Hime nasu kona kaigaramusi TanakaUe2012
- gardenia mealybug AbdRabEv2021
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 27 | Genera: 61
- Actinidiaceae
- Actinidia deliciosa | GonzalCu1994
- Amaranthaceae
- Alternanthera ficoidea | Granar2003
- Amaranthus | BenDov1994 Willia2004a WilliaWa1988a
- Beta vulgaris | SwarbrDo1991
- Amaryllidaceae
- Allium sativum | SwarbrDo1991
- Anacardiaceae
- Mangifera indica | SwarbrDo1991
- Apiaceae
- Apium graveolens | SwarbrDo1991
- Daucus carota | SwarbrDo1991
- Apocynaceae
- Asclepias | BenDov1994 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992
- Rauvolfia serpentina | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Araceae
- Colocasia esculenta | MatileWi2015
- Asparagaceae
- Asparagus africanus | SwarbrDo1991 | (= Protoasparagus africanus)
- Asteraceae
- Ageratum conyzoides | MilleHeCa2016
- Callistephus chinensis | SridhaJoJh2012
- Chrysanthemum | SwarbrDo1991 Willia2004a
- Cichorium | BenDov1994 WilliaBu1987 WilliaWa1988a
- Emilia sonchifolia | MartinLa2011
- Erigeron bonariensis | SwarbrDo1991 | (= Conyza bonariensis)
- Helianthus annuus | SwarbrDo1991
- Lecocarpus pinnatifidus | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Mikania micrantha | BenDov1994 WilliaBu1987
- Mikania scandens | BenDov1994 WilliaWa1988a
- Pluchea | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Sonchus oleraceus | SwarbrDo1991
- Sphagneticola trilobata | BenDov1994 BenDovGoSa2005 WilliaGr1992 | (= Wedelia trilobata)
- Tagetes minuta | SwarbrDo1991
- Vernonia amygdalina | BenDov1994 BoussiMa1987
- Bignoniaceae
- Dolichandra unguis-cati | SwarbrDo1991 | (= Macfadyena unguis-cati)
- Convolvulaceae
- Argyreia nervosa | MatileEt2006
- Convolvulus | BenDov1994 Willia2004a WilliaGr1992
- Ipomoea wolcottiana | BenDov1994 BoussiMa1987
- Cucurbitaceae
- Cucumis sativus | SwarbrDo1991
- Euphorbiaceae
- Croton flavens | MatileEt2006
- Euphorbia heterophylla | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Euphorbia pulcherrima | Willia2004a
- Mallotus claoxyloides | SwarbrDo1991
- Fabaceae
- Glycine max | SwarbrDo1991
- Macroptilium atropurpureum | BenDov1994 SwarbrDo1991 WilliaBu1987 WilliaWa1988a | (= Phaseolus atropurpureum)
- Lamiaceae
- Clerodendrum chinense | BenDov1994 WilliaWa1988a | (= Clerodendrum philippinum)
- Lamiaceae | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Malvaceae
- Abelmoschus esculentus | SwarbrDo1991
- Gossypium | SwarbrDo1991
- Sida | BenDov1994 WilliaWa1988a
- Sida acuta | BenDov1994 WilliaBu1987 WilliaWa1988a
- Sida rhombifolia | BenDov1994 SwarbrDo1991 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992
- Sida subspicata | SwarbrDo1991
- Triumfetta rhomboidea | MestreHoHa2015
- Musaceae
- Musa | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Myrtaceae
- Psidium guajava | BenDov1994 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992
- Orchidaceae
- Oncidium | Willia2004a
- Piperaceae
- Piper nigrum | BenDov1994 WilliaBu1987 WilliaWa1988a
- Poaceae
- Aira praecox | SwarbrDo1991
- Megathyrsus maximus | SwarbrDo1991 | (= Panicum maximum trichoglume)
- Saccharum officinarum | BenDov1994 WilliaBu1987
- Polygonaceae
- Rheum rhabarbarum | SwarbrDo1991
- Rhamnaceae
- Alphitonia excelsa | SwarbrDo1991
- Scutia | Granar2003
- Rubiaceae
- Gardenia | AbdRabGeMa2010
- Rutaceae
- Murraya paniculata | Willia2004a
- Solanaceae
- Capsicum annuum | Granar2003 GranarScTe1997 SwarbrDo1991 Willia2004a
- Capsicum chinense | FirakeBeSh2016
- Capsicum frutescens | BenDov1994 BoussiMa1987
- Cestrum | BenDovGoSa2005
- Cestrum diurnum | WilliaHa1994
- Cestrum nocturnum | BenDov2012
- Lycium ferocissimum | SwarbrDo1991
- Solanum aethiopicum | BenDov1994 Matile1986
- Solanum crinitum | BenDov1994 Matile1986 | (= Solanum macranthum)
- Solanum lycopersicum | BenDov1994 SwarbrDo1991 Willia2004a WilliaBu1987 WilliaGr1992 WilliaWa1988a | (= Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Solanum melongena | BenDov1994 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992
- Solanum nigrum | BenDov1994 BoussiMa1987
- Solanum stelligerum | SwarbrDo1991
- Solanum torvum | BenDov1994 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992
- Solanum tuberosum | BenDov1994 WilliaWa1988a
- Verbenaceae
- Lantana | GranarCl2003
- Lantana camara | BenDov1994 BenDovGoSa2005 Granar2003 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992 WilliaWa1988a MacharKiHe2021
- Phyla nodiflora | Willia2004a | (= Lippia nudiflora)
- Pitraea cuneato-ovata | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992 | (= Priva laevis)
Foes:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Encyrtidae
- Blepyrus insularis | AbdRabEv2017
Associates:
Families: 2 | Genera: 2
- Betaproteobacteria
- Candidatus Tremblaya phenacola | ChoiLe2022
- Caulimoviridae
- BSV | PalmaJBlGu2019 WatsonKu2005
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 46
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Antigua | BenDov1994 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992
- Barbuda | BenDov1994 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992
- Argentina | BenDov1994 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992
- Cordoba | Granar2003
- Tucuman | Granar2003 GranarCl2003 GranarSz2007
- Australia
- Queensland | SwarbrDo1991
- Belize | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Bermuda | BenDov1994 HodgsoHi1990 HodgsoHi1991 WilliaGr1992
- Cayman Islands | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Chile | BenDov1994 GonzalCu1994 WilliaGr1992
- Coquimbo | PizarrAlBa2020
- Congo | BenDov1994 Matile1986
- Costa Rica | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Cuba | BenDov1994 WilliaCo1984
- Dominica | BenDov1994 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992
- Egypt | AbdRabGeMa2010
- Fiji | HodgsoLa2011
- Gabon | BenDov1994 BoussiMa1987
- Galapagos Islands | BenDov1994 CaustoPeSi2006 LincanHoCa2010 Morris1924a WilliaGr1992
- Guadeloupe | BenDov1994 MatileEt2006 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992
- Guiana | GermaiDeLa2016
- Guyana (=British Guiana) | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- India
- Karnataka | SridhaJoJh2012
- Odisha (=Orissa) | Willia2004a
- Indonesia
- Sumatra | Willia2004a
- Israel | BenDov2012 BenDovGoSa2005
- Japan | TanakaKi2020 TanakaUe2012
- Kenya | MacharKiHe2021
- Maldives | WatsonOoGi1995 Willia2004a
- Martinique | BenDov1994 MatileEt2006 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992
- Mexico | BenDov1994 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992
- New Caledonia | BenDov1994 WilliaCo1984 WilliaWa1988a
- Nicaragua | BenDov1994 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992
- Panama | BenDov1994 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992
- Paraguay | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014
- Saint Kitts and Nevis Islands
- Nevis | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Saint Lucia | BenDov1994 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992
- Senegal | BenDov1994 Matile1986
- Seychelles | GermaiAtBa2008
- Singapore | Willia2004a
- Suriname | BenDov1994 Green1933 WilliaGr1992
- Thailand | Willia2004a
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Trinidad | BenDov1994 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992
- U.S. Virgin Islands | BenDov1994 WilliaCo1984 WilliaGr1992
- United States
- Florida | WilliaHa1994
- Uruguay | GranarScTe1997
- Vanuatu (=New Hebrides) | BenDov1994 WilliaBu1987 WilliaWa1988a
- Wallis and Futuna Islands | MatileWi2015
- Western Samoa | BenDov1994 WilliaWa1988a
Keys
- PowellDeMo2024: pp.7 ( Adult (F) ) [Slide-mounted Phenacoccus species in Florida]
- EvansAb2023: pp.8-13 ( Adult (F) ) [Pseudococccidae of Egypt]
- TanakaSaCh2022: pp.313 ( Adult (F) ) [Phenacoccus species in Japan]
- PachecKaBa2020: pp.504-505 ( Adult (F) ) [Pseudococcidae in Uruguay]
- Suh2019a: pp.2-6 ( Adult (F) ) [mealybugs interepted in S. Korea]
- SpodekBeMo2018: pp.3-4 ( Adult (F) ) [Phenacoccus in Israel]
- ZhaoWaSu2014: pp.116-117 ( Adult (F) ) [Phenacoccus in China]
- TanakaUe2012: pp.414 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to separate four new invasive mealybug species: Dysmicoccus neobrevipes, Ph. defectus, Ph. parvus and P. solenopsis from other mealybugs occurring in the Ryukyu Archipelago]
- AbdRabGeMa2010: pp.509 ( Adult (F) ) [Phenacoccus species in Egypt]
- GranarSz2007: pp.41-43 ( Adult (F) ) [Phenacoccus species of South America]
- Willia2004a: pp.590-591 ( Adult (F) ) [Phenacoccus species of southern Asia]
- WilliaGr1992: pp.348 ( Adult (F) ) [Central and South America]
- WilliaWa1988a: pp.159 ( Adult (F) ) [Tropical South Pacific Region]
Remarks
- Systematics: This species resembles Ph. defectus, Ph. solani, and Ph. solenopsis in its general morphology. Ph. parvus has quinquelocular pores on its ventral surface; however, Ph. defectus, Ph. solani, and Ph. solenopsis do not have the pores on their venter (Hodgson et al. 2008)
- Structure: See colour photograph in Gonzalez & Curkovic (1994).
- Biology: Survival and development of the mealybug Phenacoccus parvus Morrison did not differ on Lantana camara L., Lycopersicon esculentum Miller, and Solanum melongena L., but Gossypium hirsutum L., Ageratum houstonianum Miller, and Clerodendrum cunninghamii Benth were less suitable hosts. (Qin, et al., 2011)
- Economic Importance: In Australia, Queensland, this mealybug developed heavy populations on Lantana camara and caused damage to this weed, to the extent that this mealybug species was considered a biological control agent. However, Swarbrick & Donaldson (1991) demonstrated its wide range of host plants. In India, P. parvus infested the roots and collar region of ornamental flower crops. About 25% of the plants were infested and showed stunted growth and did not bear flowers seen in healthy plants. (Sridhar, et al., 2012) Destruction of infested plants and selection of pest free planting materials could be the best option to manage the further spread of P. parvus. (Firake, et al., 2016)
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Williams & Watson (1988a), Williams & Granara de Willink (1992), Williams (2004a) and by Granara de Willink & Szumik (2007).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRabEv2017: natural enemies, 275-277
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 42
- AbdRabGeMa2010: distribution, host, taxonomy, 509-510
- AbeeluWa2019: ecology, natural enemies,
- BenDov1994: catalog, 335
- BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 36, 44
- BenDovGoSa2005: distribution, host, 325-326
- BoussiMa1987: distribution, host, 8
- CaustoPeSi2006: distribution, 138
- ChoiLe2022: endosymbiont, phylogeny, 358,359
- CostelWe2014: host, 1194
- EvansAb2023: distribution, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 7, 9, 22, 62
- FirakeBeSh2016: distribution, economic importance, host, 187–194
- GermaiAtBa2008: distribution, host, 129-135
- GermaiDeLa2016: host, list of species, 4
- GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, host, 24
- Gonzal2011: description, host, illustration, taxonomy, 155-158
- Gonzal2016: diagnosis, distribution, illustration, 234, 247-248, 315-317
- GonzalVo2004: distribution, economic importance, host, 41-62
- Granar2003: distribution, host, 81
- GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 625-637
- GranarScTe1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 97, 98
- GranarSz2007: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 85,87,92
- Green1933: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 51
- HodgsoHi1990: distribution, host, 10, 16, 20
- HodgsoHi1991: distribution, host, 144
- HodgsoLa2011: distribution, host, 8, 29
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 24
- LincanHoCa2010: distribution, host, 6
- MacharKiHe2021: distribution, host, 7
- MalausFeWa2011: distribution, molecular data, phylogeny, 142-155
- Malump2012b: distribution, 211
- Malump2014a: distribution, host, 81
- Maroha1997: host, life history, 239-246
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, host, 48
- Matile1986: distribution, host, 212
- MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 181
- MatileWi2015: distribution, host, 73
- MestreHoHa2015: distribution, host, 14
- Meurge2011: distribution, 82
- MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, 150
- Morris1924a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 147-148
- MuniapShWa2011: distribution, 168
- PachecBeBl2014: molecular data, 5-9
- PachecKaBa2020: key, 505
- PalmaJBlGu2019: distribution,
- PizarrAlBa2020: distribution, host, 28
- PowellDeMo2024: illustration, key, 3, 7
- QinWuQi2011: host, 1127
- RenAsHu2017: DNA, phylogeny, 4, 6
- SpodekBeMo2018: dispersal, key, 1
- SridhaJoJh2012: description, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, structure, 108-109
- Suh2019a: key, 4
- SwarbrDo1991: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 68-69
- TanakaKi2020: distribution, illustration,
- TanakaSaCh2022: key, 313
- TanakaUe2012: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, structure, taxonomy, 413-419
- Watson2021: distribution, 526
- WatsonOoGi1995: distribution, host, 45
- Willia2004a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 604-605
- WilliaBu1987: distribution, host, 92
- WilliaCo1984: distribution, host, taxonomy, 139
- WilliaGr1992: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 379-381
- WilliaHa1994: distribution, host, 16
- WilliaMa2012: distribution, host, 89
- WilliaMi1999: life history, taxonomy, 524
- WilliaWa1988a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 158-159
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 184
- ZhaoWaSu2014: key, 116
