Valid Names Results
Melanaspis inopinata (Leonardi, 1913) (Diaspididae: Melanaspis)Nomenclatural History
- Aonidiella inopinata Leonardi 1913b: 63. Type data: ITALY: Sicily, Siracusa Province, on "Mandorlo" and pear, and Foggia Province, on "Peri selvatici". Syntypes, female, Type depository: Portici: Dipartimento de Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria di Portici, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Italy; accepted valid name Illustr.
- Aonidiella robusta Grassi & Berlese in: Berlese 1915: 409. Type data: ITALY: Rome, on pear. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Portici: Dipartimento de Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria di Portici, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Italy; junior synonym (discovered by Borchs1966, 348).
- Melanaspis inopinata (Leonardi, 1913); Bodenheimer 1924: 37. change of combination
- Chrysomphalus robusta (Grassi & Berlese in: Berlese, 1915); Koroneos 1934: 23. change of combination
- Aspidiotus (Aonidiella) inopinata (Leonardi, 1913); McKenzie 1938: 3. change of combination
- Melanaspis robustus (Grassi & Berlese in: Berlese, 1915); McKenzie 1939: 54. change of combination requiring emendation of specific epithet for agreement in gender
- Chrysomphalus inopinatus (Leonardi, 1913); Ferris 1941d: 347. change of combination requiring emendation of specific epithet for agreement in gender
- Pelomphala inopinata (Leonardi, 1913); Lupo 1954a: 35. change of combination
- Melanaspis inopinata (Leonardi, 1913); Borchsenius 1966: 348. revived combination (previously published)
- Melonaspis inopinata; Elekcioğlu & Kaydan 2021: 8. misspelling of genus name
Common Names
- steklovidnaya shitovka Borchs1936
- deciduous fruit scale AbdRabEv2021
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 14 | Genera: 28
- Amaranthaceae
- Anabasis | Moghad2013a
- Anacardiaceae
- Pistacia | Bodenh1937
- Pistacia atlantica | Moghad2013a | (= Pistacia mutica)
- Pistacia khinjuk | Moghad2004 MoghadTa2010 Takagi2019
- Pistacia lentiscus | Balach1951 InserrCa1987
- Pistacia terebinthus | Balach1951 BenDov2012 Bodenh1924 Bodenh1926 Bodenh1927b Bodenh1935 | (= Pistacia palestina)
- Pistacia vera | Balach1951 BenDov2012
- Cannabaceae
- Celtis tournefortii | Balach1951
- Ericaceae
- Arbutus unedo | Bodenh1949 Bodenh1952
- Euphorbiaceae
- Ricinus communis | Moghad2013a
- Fabaceae
- Acacia | Moghad2013a
- Acacia oshanesii | Moghad2013a
- Astragalus | MoghadTa2010
- Bauhinia | CaliskUl2017
- Cercis siliquastrum | Balach1951 Moghad2004
- Styphnolobium japonicum | Balach1951 | (= Sophora japonica)
- Fagaceae
- Quercus coccifera | BenDov2012 | (= Quercus calliprinos)
- Quercus ithaburensis | BenDov2012
- Juglandaceae
- Juglans regia | Moghad2004
- Oleaceae
- Fraxinus | Balach1951 Bodenh1944a Moghad2004 Zahrad1972
- Fraxinus excelsior | Moghad2013a
- Jasminum fruticans | Bodenh1949 Bodenh1952
- Rhamnaceae
- Rhamnus rhodopea | Bodenh1949 Bodenh1952
- Rosaceae
- Chaenomeles speciosa | CaliskUl2017
- Cotoneaster | DeLillPo1993
- Crataegus | RosenDe1979
- Crataegus monogyna | Balach1951
- Malus | Balach1951 Borchs1936
- Malus domestica | Hall1923 Moghad2004 | (= Pyrus malus) (= Malus communis)
- Malus prunifolia | Hall1923
- Photinia melanocarpa | ErlerTu2001
- Prunus | Balach1951 Leonar1913b
- Prunus armeniaca | Hall1923
- Prunus avium | Borchs1936
- Prunus dulcis | BenDov2012 | (= Amygdalus communis)
- Prunus orientalis | Bodenh1949 Bodenh1952 | (= Amygdalus orientalis)
- Pyracantha coccinea | CaliskUl2017
- Pyrus | Balach1951 ErlerTu2001 Leonar1913b
- Pyrus communis | Bodenh1949 Bodenh1952 Borchs1936 Hall1923 Moghad2004
- Pyrus elaeagrifolia | Bodenh1949 Bodenh1952
- Salicaceae
- Populus nigra | ErlerTu2001
- Salix | Moghad2013a
- Sapindaceae
- Acer | Moghad2004
- Acer monspessulanum | MoghadTa2010 | ssp. cinerascens
- Aesculus hippocastanum | UlgentDo2019
- Ulmaceae
- Ulmus | UlgentDo2019
Foes:
Families: 8 | Genera: 13
- Aphelinidae
- Ablerus celsus | ErlerTu2001
- Aphytis chrysomphali | RosenDe1979
- Aphytis paramaculicornis | FallahJa2010
- Coccobius testaceus | ErlerTu2001
- Diaspiniphagus moeris | ErlerTu2001
- Cecidomyiidae
- Lestodiplosis aonidiellae | ErlerTu2001
- Cheyletidae
- Cheletogenes ornatus | ErlerTu2001
- Coccinellidae
- Chilocorus bipustulatus | ErlerTu2001
- Pharoscymnus pharoides | FallahJa2010
- Rhyzobius lophanthae | ErlerTu2001
- Cybocephalidae
- Cybocephalus fodori minor | ErlerTu2001
- Cybocephalus planiceps | FallahJa2010
- Encyrtidae
- Habrolepis dalmanni | FallahJa2017
- Phlaeothripidae
- Karnyothrips flavipes | PalmerMo1990 PriesnHo1940
- Pyemotidae
- Pyemotes herfsi | DeLillPo1993
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 14
- Armenia | Balach1951 Borchs1936 Danzig1993
- Cyprus | SismanUl2010
- Egypt | AbdRabEv2021 Ezzat1958 Hall1923
- Greece | Korone1934 RosenDe1979
- India | Takagi2019
- Iran | Moghad2004 MoghadTa2010
- Iraq | Balach1951 Bodenh1944a
- Israel | Balach1951 Bodenh1924 Bodenh1927b Bodenh1937
- Italy | Balach1951 LongoMaPe1995
- Sicily | InserrCa1987 Leonar1913b Leonar1920
- Lebanon | AbdulNMo2006
- Malta | Borg1932 MifsudMaRu2014
- Pakistan | Varshn2002
- Sardinia | Pelliz2011
- Turkey | Bodenh1949 ErlerTu2001 KaydanKoAt2009 KaydanUlTo2002
Keys
- MoghadWa2021: pp.166 ( Adult (F) ) [Melanaspis in Iran]
- HosseiNoKa2016: pp.258 ( Adult (F) ) [Melanaspis species in the Palearctic Region]
- Danzig1993: pp.238 ( Adult (F) ) [world]
- Ezzat1958: pp.241 ( Adult (F) ) [Egypt]
- Balach1951: pp.579 ( Adult (F) ) [Mediterranean]
- Hall1946: pp.62 ( Adult (F) ) [Africa]
- Borchs1937a: pp.62 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic Region]
- Leonar1920: pp.75 ( Adult (F) ) [Italy]
Remarks
- Systematics: In the specimens collected at Solan, India, on Pistacia khinjuk and identified with M. inopinata in Takagi, 2019, the second and third trullae are smooth on the mesal margin, whereas the median trullae are variable, being smooth or notched once mesally. This variation is continuous, the notch being often weak or obscure. The difference between M inopinata and M pistaciaea adopted by Hosseininaveh et al. is not applicable to all of the specimens from Solan so far as the median trullae are concerned. The other morphological differences adopted by Hosseininaveh et al. for distinguishing between M. pistaciae and M. inopinata are not fully convincing to Takagi, 2019. Further researches may be necessary to clarify whether M. pistaciae is a good taxon and also for examining if there are under the name M. inopinata any other forms which should be distinct taxonomically.
- Structure: Female scale circular, maximum diameter 2.1 mm; robust, highly convex; exuviae eccentric but not marginal, black; ventral vellum robust, white, remains attached to the host plant (Leonardi, 1913b). Female scale very robust; very convex; circular, diameter 2-2.75 mm; greyish brown in colour; exuviae jet black, eccentric, but not marginal; secretionary covering greyish brown often worn off above the pellicles; ventral scale well developed, but the greater part remains adherent to the plant on lifting back the dorsal scale (Hall,1923).
- Biology: This species overwinters as a fully developed non-reproductive adult female. M. inopinata is ovoviviparous, its crawlers are dark brown to red in color, appear in late-April and early-May, disperse around, but not far from, their emergence point. This species is bisexual, and bears one generation a year (Mehrnejad, 2020).
- Economic Importance: A pest of fruit trees, mainly of the Rosaceae, in southern Europe, Middle East and Armenia (Balachowsky, 1951; Schmutterer et al., 1957). This scale insect causes a general weakness in the contaminated trees. Under high population intensity, it retards the bud opening in early spring, causes a significant decrease in the pistachio yield and branches may die (Mehrnejad, 2020).
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Leonardi (1913b) and by Balachowsky (1951).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 36
- AbdulNMo2006: distribution, host, 517-520
- AyazUlOz2015: distribution,
- AytenUl2008: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 213-216
- Balach1951: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 580-583
- BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 31, 42
- BenDovGe2003: catalog, 616-618
- Bodenh1924: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 37-38
- Bodenh1926: distribution, host, 42
- Bodenh1927b: distribution, host, 80
- Bodenh1935: distribution, host, 247
- Bodenh1937: distribution, host, 217
- Bodenh1944a: distribution, host, 81
- Bodenh1949: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 79-81
- Bodenh1952: distribution, host, illustration, structure, taxonomy, 346-348
- Borchs1936: distribution, host, 137-138
- Borchs1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 122
- Borchs1937a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 62-63
- Borchs1939a: distribution, taxonomy, 11,42-43
- Borchs1949d: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 235
- Borchs1950b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 160,222
- Borchs1966: catalog, 348-349
- BurgerUl1990: economic importance, 313-327
- Bustsh1958: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 220,223
- CaliskUl2017: distribution, host, taxonomy, 340
- Danzig1972: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 217
- Danzig1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 238-239
- DanzigPe1998: catalog, 304
- DeLillPo1993: biological control, distribution, host, 117-124
- ElekciKa2021: distribution, host, 8
- ErlerTu2001: biological control, distribution, host, 299-305
- Ezzat1958: distribution, 241
- EzzatNa1987: distribution, 87
- FallahJa2010: natural enemies, 303
- FallahJa2017: distribution, host, natural enemies, 14, 34
- Ferris1941d: taxonomy, 347
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 241
- Gentry1965: distribution, economic importance, host,
- Hall1923: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 18
- Hall1946: taxonomy, 62
- HosseiNoKa2016: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 524, 528-530
- InserrCa1987: distribution, host, 95
- IspartYa2020: distribution, host, 57
- KatsoySt1997: distribution, host, life history, 331-332
- Kaussa1955: distribution, host, 16
- KaydanKoAt2009: distribution, host, 50
- KaydanUlTo2002: distribution, host, 253-257
- KaymakYa2017: distribution, host, taxonomy, 46
- Kiriuk1947: distribution, host, 21
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 18
- Konsta1976: distribution, economic importance, host, 49-50
- KonstaGu1987: distribution, host, 162
- Korone1934: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 23
- Leonar1913b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 83-85
- Leonar1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 83-85
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 127
- Lupo1954a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 35-40
- Lupo1957a: taxonomy, 422
- Maleno1927: taxonomy, 52
- MazzeoPeMa2023: phylogeny, 7
- McKenz1938: taxonomy, 3-4
- McKenz1939: taxonomy, 54
- Mehrne2020: distribution, economic importance, host, life cycle, natural enemies, 233, 243
- MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, host, 511
- MillerDa1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 303
- Moghad2004: distribution, host, 22
- Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 41
- MoghadWa2021: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, key, natural enemies, 12, 166-167, 247
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 152
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, 25, S2
- PalmerMo1990: biological control, 67-76
- Pelliz2011: distribution, 312
- PellizChMi2015: distribution, 62,69
- Porcel1995: structure, 25-45
- PriesnHo1940: biological control, 58-70
- RSEA1915: control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 1
- RosenDe1979: biological control, distribution, host, 593-598
- RossHaOk2012: phylogeny, taxonomy, 199
- RouhanVaMa2018a: distribution, host, 3
- SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 492
- SchneiFiNo2019: key, taxonomy, 93
- SchneiOkNo2018: phylogeny,
- ShirazVaMi2013: distribution, host, 1382
- SismanUl2010: distribution, host, 219-224
- Takagi2019: distribution, host, taxonomy, 87
- Ulgent1996: distribution, host, 541-548
- UlgentDo2019: distribution, host, 486
- UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S120
- Varshn2002: distribution, host, 33
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 225
- Yasar1995a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 94-96
- Zahrad1972: distribution, host, 440
